太陽電池のサプライチェーン 中国の市場支配、世界各国で進む対策 PDF Free Download

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太陽電池のサプライチェーン 中国の市場支配、世界各国で進む対策 PDF Free Download

太陽電池のサプライチェーン 中国の市場支配、世界各国で進む対策 PDF free Download. Think more deeply and widely.

太陽電池
2024年12月
中国の場支世界国で
󱰆󲂳󱇈
Progress in Diversifying the Global Solar PV Supply Chain
󰆔󱝚󰡙󰗽󱨦
󳜜󳜍󳜢󳜪󳛧󳛨󳜘󳜫 󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬 󱢎󱕫󱛓
󱤦󲝀󰡙󰗽󱨦
󱕝󱎄󲜿 󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬 󱕫󱛓󰐢󲙸
󲆱󲠐
󰬰󳜛󳜌󳜫󳛷󳚜󲁑󲋶󳚈󳚐󰜀󰆸󳚟󰷨󱖽󰚗󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󳚠󳛃󰬨󳚈󳚗󳙻󳚻󳚯󳚊󳙽󳙙󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬󳚠
󰬰󳜛󳜌󳜫󳛷󳚟󰜀󰆸󳚟󱍾󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󱍾󱨦󱝝󳚜󳚺󳙼󳚟󰤧󰎷󳙽󱑯󱍶󳚈󳚐󳚙󳚈󳚗󳚳󳙙󳙼󳙼󳚼󰤧󰎷󳚜󳚕󳙵
󳚗󳚟󲆱󳛃󲆨󳙷󳚳󳚟󳚘󳚠󳙳󳚻󳚯󳚌󳛄󳙚
󱒩󲆩󰃬󰻓 󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬󳚙󳚠
󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬󳚠󳙙󰭟󰩆󰬰󰉒󲝩󱃰󳙻󳚹󳚤󱙀󰒆󱝉󰍫󱑯󲝢󰠅󳚟󰧟󳛃󳚂󳚗󳙙󰍿󰷨󱧰󳞥󳛬
󳜄󳛷󳛿󳜢󳛞󳛟󳜚󳜫󳜆󱽓󳞦󳛃󲁠󱜈󱨦󳜪󲙸󳚙󳚈󳚗 2011 󰕛 8 󰬗󳚜󲁠󱜈󳚆󳚽󳚯󳚈󳚐󳙚󰎔󰙑󳜪󰎔󳚘󲅰󳙼󳚛
󱘌󳚟󰎨󱋈󳚜󳚠󳙙󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳚟󰪲󳙽󰶿󳚘󳙳󳚼󳚙󳙵󳙷󰙶󳙼󳚺󳙙󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳛃󰆗󱒺
󳚙󳚈󳚐󱘌󳚟󰳴󱞰󳛃󱓁󱑸󳚙󳚈󳚗󰼒󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚯󳚊󳙚
󱓁󰷀
󳚠󳚉󳚲󳚜 .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
󱿼󱡺 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
󱝉1󱜗󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢........................................................................................ 3
1. 󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳙽󳚬󳚭󱈣 .......................................................................................................... 3
2. 󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰶿󳙼󳚌󳚛󳙵󲔵󱇡󳞷󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂 ......................................................... 4
3. 󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚜󲝀󳚊󳚼󱾨󲎡󱫀 ............................................................................................. 5
󱝉2󱜗󳞷 󰃽󳚟󰧎󲑥󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚈󳚐󳚛󱿼󰃪󳚙󲃃󲡀 ........................................................................... 10
1. 󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󰅗󱓅󱣌󳚜󳚹󳚼󱜨 ..................................................................................................... 10
2. 󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚛󲝀󳙽󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󲙸󰠅󳚙󱕘󰠅 ....................................................................................................... 12
3. 󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󰠩 ......................................................................................................... 14
4. 󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲏄󱣆󳙽󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󱜨󱂎󳚙󰤧󰉜 .............................................................................. 15
󱝉3󱜗󳞷 󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚟󰏱󰡁󱝨 ................................................................................................. 17
1. 󱠠󰃽󳞷 󰟣󳚙󲅅󱧰󳛃󱢭󳚰󳛀󳚌󳚼 ................................................................................................. 17
2. 󰷃󰓿󲎤󳞷󳜙󳛨󳛞󳛃󲂧󲄲󳚊󳚼󳚳󳙙󲝣󱿼󳛃 ......................................................................................... 19
3. 󰩆󰬰󳞷󰐀󳜌󳛵󳜢󳛦󳜒󳜚󳛃󲏄󰐁󲁼󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚜󰻡 ........................................................... 21
4. 󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳞷󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󰉉󰳾󳚟󰘛󳙽󲥸󳚯󳚼....................................................... 22
󱝉4󱜗󳞷 󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󰉉󰳾󳚟󰠎󰸢󳙽󰇲󳙹󳚼 ........................................................................... 25
1. 󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳙽󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚘󱫀󳚜 ........................................................................................ 25
2. 󰬨󰘦󳙽󰉒󳙾󳙵󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰘬 ...................................................................................... 27
󳙻󳛀󳚻󳚜 ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
󰃸󱽓󲀕
󰃸 1󳞷󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨 ....................................................................................................... 3
󰃸 2󳞷󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳚟󳚛󱍶󱍹󰃽󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦 ........................................................................ 5
󰃸 3󳞷󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󱎛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ........................................................... 6
󰃸 4󳞷󰃽󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰃽󲝣󱿼󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦 ............................................................................ 6
󰃸 5󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󲌛󲡁󳞥2020 󰕛1󰬗󳟻2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 .................................. 7
󰃸 6󳞷󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󱠠󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦 .................. 7
󰃸 7󳞷󱎛󳚘 5󳚕󳚟󰔅󰆺󳞥󳚊󳚪󳚗󰃽󳞦󳚜󳚹󳚼󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󳛦󳛖󳛑󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ......................... 10
󰃸 8󳞷󰃽󳚟󰅗󱓅󱣌󰅛󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 .......................................................................................... 11
󰃸 9󳞷Trina Solar 󱘌󳚟󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󱢭󱜈󳜘󳛓󳜢 ........................................................................................................ 11
󰃸 10󳞷󰃽󳚟󰄦󰆇󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󱫀󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ........................................................................... 13
󰃸 11󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󲝀󳚯󳚼󳚛󰄦󰆇 ........................................................................................ 13
󰃸 12󳞷󰃽󳚟󲝢󰿜󰳴󰟣󳚟󰣯󱚄󳞥󱑯󲝢󲝢󲒿󳜈󳜫󳛨󳞦 ....................................................................................... 14
󰃸 13󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼 ............................................................ 15
󰃸 14󳞷󰉒󰠎󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳞥󰃽󳞦󳚟󱢈󱒩󳚟󰣯󱚄 ............................................................................... 16
󰃸 15󳞷󱠠󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ......................................................... 19
󰃸 16󳞷󰷃󰓿󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ......................................................... 20
󰃸 17󳞷󱚻󰹩󰍼󰔅󰲸󳚟󳜜󳜫󳜚󳜪󳛳󳜫󳜪󳜜󳜫󳜚󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨 ............................................................................ 22
󰃸 18󳞷󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦 ........... 23
󰃸 19󳞷󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ............................ 24
󰃸 20󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󰃽󰃽󳚟󰸻󱊂󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 ............................. 24
󰃸 21󳞷Reiling 󱘌󳚟󰵖󰰵󱋏󳚘󱍶󳚈󳚐󳛛󳜘󳛨󱾨 .......................................................................................... 26
󱽓 1󳞷󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󲔵󱇡󳚟󱍾󲎖 .............................................................................. 4
󱽓 2󳞷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟 10 󱘌󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦 .......................................................... 8
󱽓 3󳞷󱠠󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰃽󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󳚛󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷 .................................................................. 17
󱽓 4󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱠠󰃽󳚟󱢳󰾎󱾃 ..................................................................................... 18
󱽓5󳞷󰃽󰲸󳚜󳚹󳚼󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀 ................................................................... 28
1
󳚠󳚉󳚲󳚜
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚠󲝢󳛃󱍶󳚰󳚊󰠰󱽂󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰙑󱑸󳚛󰍲󰄟󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙾󳚐󳙚󱎛󳚘󳚠
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛󳚙 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚟 󲹿 󰕛󲎤󱣧󳚘󳙙󰕛󲚌󳚟󱑯󲝢󲝢󲒿󳚟󰇲󳙽󳚟󱑯󲝢󰠰󱽂󳛃󰃨󳚔󳚐
1
󳙚
󰃽󲜠󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰵖󲚖󳚟󰾥󳚘󳚠󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲺂 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󰬒󰉒󳚟󲝢󱣆󰿜󳚜󳚛󳚼󲀃󲎜󳚈󳚘󳙳󳚼
2
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳙽󰪲󳚊󳚼󰬒󰉒󳚟󱿼󰃪󳚠󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󱜨󳚜󳙳󳚼󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚟󰬨󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󳙙
󱎛󳚟󰕚󰄳󱑯󲝢󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠 󲹾󲺸󲺤󲺵󳞥󳛜󳜜󳜞󳛲󳛷󰪍󳞦󳙳󳚐󳚻 󲹽󲹻󲹽󲺁 󳛸󳜚󳚜󳚛󳚻󳙙󲜄󲡝󳚑󳚂󳙽
󰏱󰡁󳚘󳙾󳚼󱈈󰻄󳚑
3
󳙚
󱫛󱄄󱢓󰠰󱽂󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚠󰄦󱋌󰾣󰫏󳛃󰠻󳚊󳚼󱌵󰇤󲞤󳚟󱄍󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󱑯󲝢󳚟󳚐
󳚲󳚜󱅿󰨒󳛃󲌛󳚊󳚼󰙓󱿼󳙽󳚛󳚀󳙙󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡󳚟󰗪󳚜󳚳󳚕󳚛󳙽󳚼󳙚
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚠󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲋠󰤏󳚟󳚻󰬱󳚙󲀾󳙹󳚼󳙚󳚎󳚟󰯟󳛃󰡙󳙷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓
󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰆡󱇝󳚜󳚕󳚄󳚙󳚠󲒽󱿼󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚈󳙼󳚈󱋈󰄟󳚠󰃽󳙽󱎛󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰧎
󲑥󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚠󳚟󰃽󳚜󳚙󳚔󳚗󰉒󳙾󳚛󰀆󲡀󳚑󳙚
󰬰󳜛󳜌󳜫󳛷󳚘󳚠󰬒󰨣󳚟󳛶󳜫󳛮󳚙󰜀󰆸󳛃󳚳󳚙󳚜󳙙󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰉉󰳾
󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󰲉󲁪󳚊󳚼󳙚
󱝉󲹾󱜗󳚘󳚠󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󳛃󱘈󳚊󳙚󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰠰󱽂󳚘󰬒󳚳󲒽󱿼󳚛󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󲀯󲂾󳚊󳚼󳙚󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃󱾨󲎡󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙
󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙙󳚎󳚈󳚗󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚜
󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙙󳛃󰢇󰥍󳚊󳚼󳙚
󱝉 󲹿 󱜗󳚘󳚠󰃽󳙽󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰧎󲑥󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚛󱿼󰃪󳛃󰭳󳚊󳚼󳙚󱜨󳚟󳚜
󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󰅗󱓅󱣌󳚜󱄵󱄍󳛃󰗽󳚗󳚼󳚙󳚙󳚳󳚜󳙙󰃽󰃽󳚜󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚄󳚙
󳚟󱮬󳙵󱄍󳚙󰛰󳙵󱄍󳛃󱘈󳚊󳙚󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󰠩󳚙󲏄󱣆󳚟󱈈󰻄󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗
󳚳󲂾󰩣󳚊󳚼󳙚
󱝉 󲺀 󱜗󳚘󳚠󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󳙙󳚆󳚯󳚇󳚯󳚛󰏱󰡁󱝨󳛃󲀃󳚗󳙵󳚀󳙚󱠠󰃽󳚠󰃽󳚟󳜐󳜫
󳛚󳜫󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱾖󲓁󳚙󲅅󱧰󱑸󳚛󰣱󱧉󳛃󰎨󰨬󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰷃󰓿󳚠󰃽󳚜󲏄󳚜󰍲󳚈󳚗
󳙵󳚼󳜙󳛨󳛞󳛃󲂧󲄲󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚜󳚳󳙼󳙼󳛀󳚺󳚋󳙙󰆇󳚟󱣆󳚹󳚻󳚳󲝣󱿼󳛃󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰩆󰬰󳚠
󰨣󳚈󳙵󰬘󰬤󳚛󰠰󱽂󳚘󳙳󳚼󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰻡󳚊󳚼󳙚󰨪󳚘󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚠
󱎛󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰉉󰳾󳚊󳚼󳙷󳙹󳚘󲏄󰐁󲁼󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󱈈󰻄󳚜󳙳󳚼󳙚
󱝉 󲺁 󱜗󳚘󳚠󰃽󱾨󳚟󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰬑󰠎󰸢󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰩅󲁠󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢
󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰻡󱓁󳚊󳚼󳙚󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳚠󳙙
󰠰󱽂󱑸󳚛󲃃󲡀󳚙󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚟󰀆󲡀󳙽󰧖󰀠󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙾󳚐󳙚󰨣󳚐󳚜󰊿󳚯󳚔󳚐󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟
󱾨󲎡󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󳚠󳙙󱎛󳚟󱈈󰻄󳛃󱔵󳚊󳚼󳙚
󲹭󲹭
2
󱿼󱡺
󳔤󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󳙙󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󲁠󳚟 󲺆󲺆󳞣󳙽󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜪
󳜈󳜫󳛨󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰎔󳚘󰚗󱫀󳙽󱮬󳚀󳙙󱨰󰚗󳚟󱄍󳚘󳚳󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚑󳙚󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󰉕󲜈
󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱡺 󲺁 󳚟 󲺀 󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚠 󲺁 󳚕󳚟󲔵󱇡󳞥󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳞦
󳙼󳚺󱍶󳚰󳚆󳚽󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚺󳚟󲔵󱇡󳚠󳙙󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚜󲏄󰕹󳚜󲝀󳚈󳚗󰔙󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󱈈󰻄󳚜󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳔤󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󱾨󲎡󰔅󱚍󳚅󳚙󳚜󳙙󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳙙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳙙󳛪
󳜚󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚜󳚂󳚼󳚙󳙙󰃽󰃽󳙻󳚹󳚤󰃽󰲸󳚟󱎛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳚠󳙻󳙻󳚱󳚞 󲺅󲹽󳞣󳛃󲈙󳙹
󳚗󳙵󳚗󳙙󲹾󲹽󲹽󳞣󳚜󲍧󳙵󰆺󳚳󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚚󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚘󳙳󳚔󳚗󳚳󳙙󲹾 󳚕󳚟󰃽󳚜󰍲
󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󰬤󳚯󳚈󳚀󳚛󳙵󳙚󳚄󳚟󳚐󳚲󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󰩆󰬰󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚛󳚚󳙙󱎛󳚘󳛤
󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰉉󰳾󳚜󳚂󳚐󳚻󱢭󳚰󳙽󲎮󳛄󳚘󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳔤󰃽󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰧎󲑥󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󱋏󱎅󳚠󳙙󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳛃󰬒󰉒
󲛩󳚜󱍶󳙼󳚈󳙙󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󰅗󱓅󱣌󰅛󳚘󱊂󳚹󳚀󱍶󱍹󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󱄍󳚜󳙳󳚼󳙚󱍹󰲸󱎛󳙽󲞪󰨣󱑸
󳚜󳚻󱢭󳚰󳙙󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󱝨󳚳󰭾󳛃󱑯󰤚󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󳚠󰉒󲒿󳚟󲝢󳛃
󳙷󳙽󳙙󰃽󳚟󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳙽󰎔󳚛󳚄󳚙󳚳󱄍󳚑󳙚
󳔤󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚠󳚈󳙵󰠩󳛃󳚂󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰴳󰎷󳙙󰷨󳚛󲇁󰩧󱼽󱄎󳙙󳚆󳚺
󳚜󱕝󱄄󱃧󱑯󲝢󳚟󲝢󳚜󰍲󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚐󳚲󱌵󰇤󰺀󰮢󳚟󰀆󲡀󳚳󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚎󳚽󳚜󳙹󳚗󳙙󰧘󰥢
󱑸󳚛󲌛󰟴󱎯󳚠󲏄󱣆󳛃󰗍󳙾󲈔󳚄󳚈󳙙󰎔󳚜󳚹󳚼󱢳󰾎󱑸󳚛󰤧󰉜󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳔤󱠠󰃽󳚘󳚠󳙙󳚆󳚯󳚇󳚯󳚛󱾖󲓁󳞥󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚛󳚚󳞦󳚙󲅅󲇁󰩧󰧜󱝨󳛃󰐀󳚈󳚐󳙚󰃽󳚘󰨣󳚈󳙵
󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳙽󰊿󳚯󳚻󳙙󰩊󰬨󳚟󰎨󱋈󳙽󰬨󰘦󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳔤󰷃󰓿󳚘󳚠󳙙󰆇󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃󰇲󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚙󳙙󰃽󳙼󳚺󳚟󰎔󳚛󲌛󳛃󰼒󱍾󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙
󳚟󳛿󳜘󳜢󳛨󳛃󳚙󳚾󳙷󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󱋈󰄟󳚟󳚙󳚄󳚾󳙙󰆇󳙼󳚺󳚟󱣆󳚹󳚻󳚳󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚟󲝣󱿼󳛃
󰿗󳚐󳚊󳚄󳚙󳛃󳚊󳚼󳙚󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳚙󰾣󰎫󰭾󳛛󳛨󳛃󰾗󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚟󳚬󳙷󳙽󱤎󰚕󳚟󲃃󲡀󳚘
󳙳󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚑󳙚
󳔤󰩆󰬰󳚠󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰻡󳚊󳚼󳙚󰬨󰘦󳚟󰉒󳙾󳙵󰠰󱽂󳚑󳙽󳙙󳚯󳚑󰲸󳜈󳜫󳛨󳚘
󰐯󲚅󳚘󳙾󳚼󱈈󰻄󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚜󳚻󱢭󳚱󳙼󳚺󳚙󲀾󳚔󳚗󳙙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛃󱚻󰳀󱑸
󳚜󰐀󳚈󳚛󳙵󱋏󱎅󳚜󳚠󳚛󳚺󳚛󳙵󳙚󳚊󳚘󳚜󰎔󳚜󱕘󰬨󲚌󳚘󱫛󱄄󱢓󳛃󰎨󱋈󳚘󳙾󳚼󰠰󱽂󳙽󳙳󳚼
󳛀󳚂󳚘󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳙽󰼗󳚜󳚛󳚼󳚟󳛃󰘦󳚕󰙓󱿼󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳔤󳚆󳚬󳚚󰻡󱓁󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙽󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳙽󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰉉󰳾
󳚜󲆪󱉊󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚘󳚠󲆾󳙽󳚀󳙙󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲒾󳚟󱾖󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚘
󳚠󰃽󱍶󱍹󳚟󱧰󱿼󳚙󲚖󱚐󳙽󰐀󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳔤󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚛󳚚󳚟󰨣󰠰󱽂󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳚠󰃽󱾨󳚟
󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃󰬑󳚘󳙾󳚼󱫀󰚗󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚺󳚟󰏱󱝨󳛃󰎨󱍾󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳚠󳙙
󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󰗪󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚑󳙚
󳔤󰃽󳚠󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳙙󰘬󳚳󳙳󳚼󱚍󰕹󳚟󰧎󲑥󳛃󱣵󰢃
󳚊󳚼󳚑󳚾󳙷󳙚󳚈󳙼󳚈󱎛󳚘󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰉉󰳾󳙽󲎮󳚲󳚡󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢
󳚠󱋈󰄟󳚹󳚻󳚳󰆡󱇝󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚀󳙚
3
󱝉 󲹾 󱜗󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢
1. 󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳙽󳚬󳚭󱈣
2024 󰕛9󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󳙙󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟 99󳞣󳚠󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢
󳜢󳛃󱍶󱍹󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󱍶󱍹󲒿󳚟󰎨󱥝󳛶󳜫󳛮󳛃󰠎󳚘󳙾󳚛󳙵󳚐󳚲󳙙󰬰󳜛󳜌󳜫󳛷󳚘󳚠󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃
󱣆󲒿󳚟󰢇󰴧󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙷󳞦󳙚󳚎󳚽󰉆󳚠󱶈󱬘󳜄󳛒󳜚󳜏󳚘󳙳󳚼
4
󳙚󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚠󰎔󳚘󰚗󱫀󳙽󱮬
󳚀󳙙󱨰󰚗󳚜󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰼗󳚟󰠰󱽂󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚹󳚻󲂓󳚈󳚀󲀃󳚼󳚙󳙙󰃽󳚟󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱤓󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠󳙙2024 󰕛9󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘 1W
󳞥󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳙳󳚐󳚻 0.11 󳛸󳜚󳚑󳚔󳚐
5
󳙚󰴧󰿞󱑸󳚛󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰈻󰤏󱊂󳚠 2023 󰕛󰬯󳚘 22󳞣󳚜󲏊󳚈
󳚗󳙙2012 󰕛󳚟 16󳞣󳙼󳚺󰉒󰔽󳚜󳚈󳚐
6
󳙚󱨰󱍾󰕛󰧹󳚠 25 󰕛󳚘󲁠󲁄󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚠󰠎󳚈󳚵󳚊󳙵󱄍󳚳󳙳󳚼󳙚󰄦󱋌󳚟󰉆󰐺󳚟󲇢󲒿󳚜󳚲󳚼󰸻󱊂󳚘󳚠󲒀󱢓󳚟 46󳞣
󳚜󰷀󳙵󳚘 2󱎳󱓁󳚜󰉉󳚀󳙙28󳞣󳚳󰍲󰄟󳚊󳚼
7
󳙚
󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱇪󰚗󳛃󱋏󲀯󳚈󳚵󳚀󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳛃󲂓󳚈󳚀󲂾󰩣󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚀
󳞥󰃸 1󳞦󳙚
󰃸 1󳞷󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨
󳞷󲹭󲺖󲺻󲻁󲺲󲺿󲺻󲺮󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆󲹭󲺎󲺴󲺲󲺻󲺰󲻆󲹹󲹭󲺠󲺽󲺲󲺰󲺶󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺟󲺲󲺽󲺼󲺿󲻁󲹭󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󲺔󲺹󲺼󲺯󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺠󲻂󲺽󲺽󲺹󲻆󲹭󲺐󲺵󲺮󲺶󲺻󲻀󲹭󲹵󲺗󲻂󲺹󲻆󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿󲹶󲹻
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 1󳞷 󰣨󲔵
󰠎󱇡 󳆖 󲒀󳛠󳛓󱢓󳞥󱊼󰑟󳙙󱕝󱰆󳙙󱕝󱰆󳚟󲔵󱫇󳞦
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 2󳞷 󱄄󱢓󱅶󲏰󳙙󱢈󱇡󲛷
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󲓁󰐴󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 3󳞷 󱡎󱾨󳞥󳛦󳜫󳜐󳜢󳛨󰻓󳚛󳚚󳞦
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 4󳞷 󱢷󰪸󳞥󳛰󳜖󳛞󳜘󳜚󳛨󳛜󳜫󰻓󳚛󳚚󳞦󳚯󳚐󳚠󲖋󲎡
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 5󳞷 󰔅
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 6󳞷 󰻺󰼘󳙙󱽓󲞤󰔅󳙙󱢈󱇡󰾈󳙙󱽓󲞤󱫪󲡸󳙙
󳛑󳜢󳛟󳜛󳛑󱋏󳙙 󰣬󱄍󳜪󱄾󰟣󳙙󲂉󲤣
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󳛪󳜚
󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 7󳞷󳛿󳛲󳛞󳛦󳜫󳛷󳙙󲝢󰳀󳙙󰏳󰷧󳙙
󳛛󳜘󳛨󳚙󳜄󳜛󳜫󳜏󳚟󱢭󱜈󳜪󰏳󳙙󰣬󱣧󱜤󰍫󳙙󲂉󲤣
󰟣󰭾󱇡 󳆖 󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
4
󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳚠󲒀󳛠󳛓󱢓󳞥󲒀󱢓󳚙󳛠󳛓󱢓󳚟󱇡󳞦󳛃󳚻󳚊󳚄󳚙󳙼󳚺󰊿󳚯󳚼󳙚󱭍󱄼󱎛
󳚘󳚠󱕝󱰆󳚜󳚯󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 1󳟚󳙚
󰷀󳚜󱄄󱢓󱅶󲏰󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󱢈󱇡󳛃󲛷󳚈󳚗󳙙󲓁󰐴󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛃󳚼󳙚󱕝󱰆󳛃󰥅󰹗 1700󳇾󱚍󰕹
󳚟󲝢󰹝󳛑󳜫󳛞󱃵󳚘󰿱󲀯󳚊󳚼󰔅󱚍󳚘󳙳󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 2󳟚󳙚
󳚆󳚺󳚜󳚟󱡎󱾨󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳙙󱮬󳚀󳛀󳚽󳚼󳚟󳚠󳛦󳜫󳜐󳜢󳛨󰻓󳚘󳙙󲓁󰐴󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛃󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚜
󰈻󰤏󳚊󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 3󳟚󳙚
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚠󳛰󳜖󳛞󳜘󳜚󳛨󳛜󳜫󰻓󳚘󱢷󰪸󳚟󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚜󱢷󰪸󳚆󳚌󳚼󳙼󳙙󰉉󱢷󰪸󳚟󳛓󳜢
󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚜󲖋󲎡󳚊󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 4󳟚󳙚2024 󰕛9󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󳚠󳙙 󱎛󳚟󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳚟97󳞣󳙽󱢷󰪸󳚘󳙳󳚼
8
󳙚
󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳛃󲞡󰔷󳚜󱶈󳚀󳚈󳚗󳙙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳚜󰟣󰘈󳚊󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 5󳟚󳙚
󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳙼󳚺󳛪󳜚󳛃󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳚠󳙙󰻺󰼘󳙙󱽓󲞤󰔅󳙙󱢈󱇡󰾈󳙙󱽓󲞤󱫪󲡸󳙙󲕀󳜉󳜫󳛨󳛷
󳚜󳚹󳚼 󰣬󱄍󳙙󳚛󳚚󳚟󰔅󱚍󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 6󳟚󳙚
󰬒󰘬󳚜󳙙󳛪󳜚󳛃󳛿󳛲󳛞󳛦󳜫󳛷󳚜󲑥󱧉󳚈󳚗󰣬󱣧󳚈󳙙󰏳󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚟󳜆󳜘󳛨󳛰󳛲󳛞󱢓󰭇󳚘󰣬
󳚊󳚼󳙚󱮂󱑸󳚛󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚠󳜄󳜜󳜢󳛷󳛛󳜘󳛨󳙙󰣬󱣧󱜤󰍫󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳜄󳜛󳜫󳜏󳛃󲎄󳚈󳚗
󰎗󰟣󳚊󳚼󳟘󳛨󳛵󳛲󳜆 7󳟚󳙚
󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃󲎇󲑥󲝢󱣺󳚜󰣬󱣧󳚈󳚗󱑯󲝢󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳚠󳙙󰮌󳙙󳛠󳜫󳜅󳜚󳙙󲝢󳛃󰈻󰤏
󳚊󳚼󳛓󳜢󳛿󳜫󳛮󳜫󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙚
2. 󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰶿󳙼󳚌󳚛󳙵󲔵󱇡󳞷󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂
󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱢳󰾎󱑸󳚛󳚟󱡺 󲺁 󳚟 󲺀 󳛃󳚲󳚼󳚟󳚠󳙙󲺁 󱚡󲡏󳚟󲔵󱇡󳞥󳛦󳜙
󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳞦󳚘󳙳󳚼
9
󳙚󳚎󳚟󳚬󳙼󳚠󳚜󳛛󳜘󳛨󳚙󳜌󳜙󳜍󳜫󳞥󰴿󱫂󳞦󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󲺁 󱚡󲡏󳚟󲔵󱇡󳚟󱍾󲎖󳛃󱽓 󲹾 󳚜󳚯󳚙󳚲󳚐󳙚
󱽓 1󳞷󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󲔵󱇡󳚟󱍾󲎖
󲔵󱇡
󳚛󱍾󲎖
󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳞥󲥸󱢈󰕹󳚟󱕝󱰆󳚟󱈈󰝣󳞦
󲕀
󲝢󰳀󳞷󲕀󳜉󳜫󳛨󳛷󳙙󰐀󳙙󰣬
󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏
󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳜄󳜛󳜫󳜏󳙙󰮌󳙙󳛢󳛼󳛞󳛮󳜫󳙙󳛿󳛲󳛞󳛢󳜢󳛮󳛞󳛷󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛿󳜫󳛮󳜫
󲕂
󳛠󳜫󳜅󳜚󳙙󳜞󳛓󳜓󳜫󳙙󳜙󳜋󳜢󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛿󳜫󳛮󳜫
󳞷󲹭󲺖󲺻󲻁󲺲󲺿󲺻󲺮󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆󲹭󲺎󲺴󲺲󲺻󲺰󲻆󲹹󲹭󲺠󲺽󲺲󲺰󲺶󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺟󲺲󲺽󲺼󲺿󲻁󲹭󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󲺔󲺹󲺼󲺯󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺠󲻂󲺽󲺽󲺹󲻆󲹭󲺐󲺵󲺮󲺶󲺻󲻀󲹭󲹵󲺗󲻂󲺹󲻆󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿󲹶󲹻
5
󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡󳚟󲀜󱄍󳙼󳚺󳙙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳚟󱍶󱍹󳙽󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚜󰧴
󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󲒽󱿼󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚎󳙷󳚘󳚛󳚂󳚽󳚡󳙙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓
󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚠󱫅󰗦󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󳙚
󲺁 󱚡󲡏󳚟󲔵󱇡󳚟󳙷󳚒󳙙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱍶󱍹󳙽󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚜󰬒󳚳󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲹿󳞦󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚟󳛦󳜙󳛢
󳜢󳚟󱍶󱍹󲒿󳚟󳙷󳚒 󲺄󲺆󳞣󳙽󰃽󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰷀󳙵󳚘󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳚟󱍶󱍹󳙽󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚗󳙙󰃽󳙽
󲺂󲺆󳞣󳛃󳚲󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󲕀󳚙󲕂󳚠󳚆󳚬󳚚󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚
󲔵󱇡󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚠󱑸󳚜󳛿󳜘󳜢󳛨󳙽󳚙󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󲹭
󰃸 2󳞷󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳙙󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳙙󲕂󳚟󳚛󱍶󱍹󰃽󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚠󲓁󰐴󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙(m)󳚠󰣨󲔵󳙙(s)󳚠󱡎󲖱󳙙(r)󳚠󱡎󱾨󳙚
󳞷󲹭󲺢󲺻󲺶󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲻁󲺮󲻁󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺑󲺲󲺽󲺮󲺿󲻁󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭󲺼󲺳󲹭󲻁󲺵󲺲󲹭󲺖󲺻󲻁󲺲󲺿󲺶󲺼󲺿󲹭󳆖󲹭󲺢󲺻󲺶󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲻁󲺮󲻁󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺔󲺲󲺼󲺹󲺼󲺴󲺶󲺰󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺠󲻂󲺿󲻃󲺲󲻆󲹹󲹭󲺚󲺶󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺐󲺼󲺺󲺺󲺼󲺱󲺶󲻁󲻆󲹭󲺠󲻂󲺺󲺺󲺮󲺿󲺶󲺲󲻀󲹭
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹭󲹵󲺗󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺮󲺿󲻆󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹶󲹻
3. 󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚜󲝀󳚊󳚼󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡󳚟󱄍󳚘󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚜󲚖󳚊󳚼󳚛󲃃󲡀󳚠󳙙󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳙽󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚜󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚘󱿼󳚛 󲺂 󳚕󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳞥󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳙙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳙙
󳛪󳜚󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳞦󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳙙󰃽󰃽󳙻󳚹󳚤󰃽󰲸󳚟󱎛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍
󳚘 󲺅󲹽󳞣󳛃󲈙󳙹󳚗󳙵󳚗󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳚠 󲹾󲹽󲹽󳞣󲍧󳙵󳛦󳛖󳛑󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲺀󳞦󳙚
6
󰃸 3󳞷󰃽󰃽󳚙󰃽󰲸󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󱎛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦
󰻡󳞷󱾮󰧹󳚟󰃽󳚟󰲸󳙽󳚘󰠅󰬘󳚊󳚼󰆺󳛃󲛷󳚀󳞥󰯕󰳴󰟣󳙽󰩣󳚛󳚐󳚲󳞦󳙚
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
󳞥BloombergNEF 󳚟󳛶󳜫󳛮󳚟󰠎󳚜󳚠󰉯󱡺󳙽󰙓󱿼󳙚󳚉󳞦
󰃽󳚘󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󰃽󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚟 󲺁󳟻󲺂 󳚜󲏊󳚈󳚐󳞥󰃸 󲺁󳞦󳙚󳚄󳚽
󳚠󰃽󰧜󰕴󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹽󲹽 󰕛󳚜󰃽󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󲌛󳛃󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󱿼󳚛󱍹󰲸󳚙󳚈󳚗󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃
󱧉󳚖󳚂󳚐󳚄󳚙󳙽󰉒󳙾󳙵󳙚
󰃸 4󳞷󰃽󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰃽󲝣󱿼󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚
󳞷 󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚠 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2024 (July 2024).
7
󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󰟴󱎯󳚠󰉒󰟣󳛃󳚲󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚯󳚘󳚟󳙳󳙵󳚑
󳚜󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󲌛󲡁󳚠󲁄󳚘 󲹾󲺃󲺀󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚜󲏊󳚈󳚐󳞥󰃸 󲺂󳞦󳙚
󰃸󲹭󲺂󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󲌛󲡁󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗󳟻󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󳞷󲹭󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓󲹹󲹭󲺒󲺾󲻂󲺶󲺽󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺲󲺿󲻀󲺇󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󲺒󲻅󲺽󲺼󲺿󲻁󲻀󲹭󲺮󲺻󲺱󲹭󲺖󲺺󲺽󲺼󲺿󲻁󲻀󲹭󳆖󲹭󲻂󲺽󲺱󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺜󲺰󲻁󲺼󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭󲹿󲹾󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹻
󰨪󳚘󱿼󳚛󲎮󰃽󳜪󰄦󰆇󳞥󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳞦󳚟󱈈󰻄󳚠󰏱󱅘󱑸󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚎󳚽󳚏󳚽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛
󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󲝣󱿼󳚜󲈫󳚻󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳞥󰃸 󲺃󳞦󳙚
󰃸 6󳞷󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳞥2023 󰕛󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽 3GW 󰬮󰿗󳚟󰆺󳚠󳛟󳜘󳜄󳚜󱽓󱘈󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳞷 󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚠 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2024 (July 2024).
8
󰷃󰓿󳚜󳚠󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󰎤󲀅󰴮󳙳󳚼󳚳󳚟󳚟󳙙󳚚󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷
󳛃󲀃󳚗󳚳󰕛󲚌󳚟󲝣󱿼󳞥󲺂󲺂󲺔󲺤󳞦󳚟󳚜󳚳󰿗󳚐󳚛󳙵󳙚󱠠󰃽󳚘󳚠󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳞥󰕛󲚌 󲺀󲹽󲺔󲺤󳞦󳚙󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳞥󲹿󲺀󲺔󲺤󳞦󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠󲝣󱿼󳚜󰧼󳚊󳚼󳙽󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳙙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳙙󳛪󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳙽󳚛󳙵󳙚󰩆󰬰󳚜󳚠󳛀󳚋󳙼󳚜󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󳙳󳚼󳚜󲏄󳙿󳚛󳙵󳞥󰕛󲚌 󲹽󲹻󲺂󲺔󲺤󳞦󳙚
󳚆󳚺󳚜󳙙󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫1󱘌󳞥󳛸󳛓󳛳󳚟 Wacker Chemie󳞦󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫1󱘌
󳞥󱠠󰃽󳚟 First Solar󳞦󳛃󲛷󳙵󳚗󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚠󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚟
󳚜󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳞥󱽓 2󳞦󳙚First Solar 󳚠2024 󰕛9󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘 17GW 󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󳙳󳚻󳙙󲞡
󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱶈󱬘󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳛷󳛲󳜆󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚑󳙽󳙙󳚎󳚽󳚘󳚳 10 󱘌󳚜󳚺󳚛󳙵󳙚󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙
󳛢󳜢󳙽󰼗󳚛󳚐󳚲󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󱽓 2󳞷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟 10 󱘌󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦
󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷
󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫
󳛪󳜚
󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
1
TCL Zhonghuan
(󰃽) 󳆖 183 GW
TCL Zhonghuan
(󰃽) 󳆖 180 GW
Trina Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 105 GW
JinkoSolar
(󰃽) 󳆖 120 GW
2
LONGi
(󰃽) 󳆖 148 GW
LONGi
(󰃽) 󳆖 173 GW
JinkoSolar
(󰃽) 󳆖 100 GW
LONGi
(󰃽) 󳆖 118 GW
3
JinkoSolar
(󰃽) 󳆖 94 GW
JinkoSolar
(󰃽) 󳆖 99 GW
LONGi
(󰃽) 󳆖 85 GW
Trina Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 112 GW
4
JA Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 85 GW
JA Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 86 GW
JA Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 82 GW
JA Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 95 GW
5
Zhenjiang Huantai
Silicon Science &
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 56 GW
Gokin Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 75 GW
Tongwei
(󰃽) 󳆖 78 GW
Tongwei
(󰃽) 󳆖 80 GW
6
Trina Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 55.5 GW
GCL Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 59 GW
Suzhou Runergy
PV Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 63 GW
Canadian Solar
(󳛚󳛹󳛯) 󳆖 56 GW
7
Gokin Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 55 GW
Trina Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 57 GW
Solarspace
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 58 GW
Chint Solar
ZheJiang
(󰃽) 󳆖 39 GW
8
Yuze
Semiconductor
(󰃽) 󳆖 43 GW
Zhenjiang
Huantai Silicon
Science &
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 48 GW
Canadian Solar
(󳛚󳛹󳛯) 󳆖 51 GW
Risen Energy
(󰃽) 󳆖 36 GW
9
Shuangliang Eco-
Energy Systems
󳞥󰃽) 󳆖 40 GW
Shuangliang
Eco-Energy
Systems
(󰃽) 󳆖 40 GW
Guangdong Aiko
Solar Energy
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 46 GW
DAS Solar
(󰃽) 󳆖 30 GW
10
Hoyuan Green
Energy
(󰃽) 󳆖 35 GW
Qingdao Gaoce
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 38 GW
Shanghai Aiko
Solar Energy
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 44 GW
GCL System
Integration
Technology
(󰃽) 󳆖 29.5 GW
󰻡󳞷󱾮󰧹󳚟󰃽󳚟󰲸󳙽󳚘󰠅󰬘󳚊󳚼󰆺󳛃󲛷󳚀󳞥󰯕󰳴󰟣󳙽󰩣󳚛󳚐󳚲󳞦󳙚
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
9
󳚄󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳚘󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚜󰙓󱿼󳚛󱾨󳚟󲝣󱣆󳛿󳜘󳜢󳛨󳙽󰒣󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚎󳚟󳚐󳚲󰃽󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚜󲏄󰕹󳚜󰍲󳚊󳚼󱢷󰭾󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󰷃󰓿󳚘󳚠󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰉒󳚠󰃽󳙼󳚺󳚟󲌛󳚘󳙳󳚼󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛󳚟󰬨󳚜
󱢳󰾎󳜈󳜫󳛨󳚘 󲺆󲺅󳞣󳞦
10
󲹭󳙚󰩆󰬰󳚳󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃󰃽󳙼󳚺󳚟󲌛󳚜󰉒󳙾󳚀
󰍲󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗󳟻󲺅 󰬗󳚘 󲺄󲺅󳞣󳞦
11
󳙚
󱠠󰃽󳚘󳚠󳚆󳚯󳚇󳚯󳚛󲎜󰧜󱝨󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳛃󰃽󱾨󳙼󳚺󲅅󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼
󳚐󳚲󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚠󳚜󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󲃷󰃽󳞥󱇪󳚜󳜍󳜛󳜫󳛦󳛑󳙙󳛮󳛓󳙙󳜈󳛷󳛹󳜏󳞦󳙙
󳚆󳚺󳚜󲟲󰃽󳞥󳛪󳜚󳞦󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳞥󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳞦󳙼󳚺󳚟󲌛󳙽󰉉󳙵
12
󳙚󳚐󳚑󳚈󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳚟󰉒󳚠󰃽󰲸󳙽󰠅󰬘󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󱢳󰾎󱑸󳚛󲀜󱄍󳚘󳚠󳙙󲌛󳚠󲎜󲆭󳚟󰼗󳛃󰜷󳚊󳚼󳙚󰷃󰓿󳚘󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆
󰬗󳚯󳚘󳚟󳙳󳙵󳚑󳚜󳙙󰃽󱾨󳚟󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󲌛󲡁󳙽󲁄󳚘 󲺄󲹾󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚜󳚟󳚭󳚔󳚐
13
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲌛󳚠󰃽󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲇁󰩧󲈆󰍱󳛃󰛰󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚛󳚻󳙙󰄦󰧜󰍼󱑸󳚛󰟒󰯭󲠐
󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
10
󱝉 󲹿 󱜗󳞷󲹭󰃽󳚟󰧎󲑥󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚈󳚐󳚛󱿼󰃪󳚙󲃃󲡀
1. 󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󰅗󱓅󱣌󳚜󳚹󳚼󱜨
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󰃽󳚟󱜨󳚠󳙙󳚜 󲺁 󳚕󳚟󱿼󰃪󳚜󳚹󳚼󳙚󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳙙󳛤󳜆󳜘
󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰅗󱓅󱣌󳙙󰠰󱽂󲞪󰨣󳙙󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󳙙󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󱇪󳚜󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫
󳜢󳚟󰅗󱓅󱣌󳙽󰬒󳚳󰉒󳙾󳚛󱿼󰃪󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚟󱑯󲝢󰠰󱽂󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚼󳚙󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚠󳛦󳜢󳜆󳜚󳚘󱋈󰚗󳙽󲥸󳚀󳙙󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳚜󳙵󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳚜󳚠󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳙽󳚀󳙚󰃽󳚠󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳛃󱍶󳙼󳚊󱄍󳚘󰃽󳚹󳚻󳚳󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳛃󰬒󰉒󲛩󳚜󱑯󰤚󳚊󳚼󰨪󰻓󳚠󱟧󳚘󳙙󰉒󳙾󳚂󳚽󳚡󰉒󳙾󳙵󳚬󳚚󰭾󳙽󲥸󳚯󳚼󳙚󰉕
󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳚊󳚪󳚗󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳙙󰃽󳚠󱎛󰬒󰉒󱢎󳚟󰔅󰆺󳛃󰖴󲁠󳚈󳚐󳙚󳚊󳚪󳚗󰃽
󳚟󰃽󳚜󳙳󳚻󳙙󰃽󰲸󳙽󰠅󰬘󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󱇪󳚜󰔈󰉒󳚛󳚳󳚟󳚠󰕛󲚌󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽 󲹾󲹽󲺔󲺤 󳛃
󲈙󳙹󳚗󳙙󱎛󳚘󲀃󳚗󳚳󰉒󳙾󳚛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲺄󳞦󳙚󳚐󳚙󳙹󳚡󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀
󳚘󳚠󳙙󱎛󳛦󳛖󳛑󳚘 󲺀󲺃󳞣󳙽󰃽󳚟 󲺂 󳚕󳚟󰔅󰆺󳚜󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󰃸󲹭󲺄󳞷󱎛󳚘 󲺂󳚕󳚟󰔅󰆺󳞥󳚊󳚪󳚗󰃽󳞦󳚜󳚹󳚼󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󳛦󳛖󳛑󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󲹭
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󱜨󳙽󳚈󳙵󱍹󰲸󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳚠󳙙󰅗󱓅󱣌󰅛󳚟󰲸󳞥󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟
󱾮󰧹󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚘󰼒󳞦󳚟󳚬󳙷󳙽󳙙󱇪󰎤󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚑󳚂󳚘󰼒󳚊󳚼󰲸󳚹󳚻󳚳󰎔󰎤󳚈󳚗
󱒩󳛃󳚃󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚼
14
󲹭󳙚󱣌󰅛󳚟󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳚠󳛢󳛨󳛷󱊂󳙽󱮬󳚀󳙙󳚈󳙼󳚳󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫
󳚜󳚙󳚔󳚗󳚠 󲹾 󳚕󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚟󰤧󰉜󳛃󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚟󱒩󳚘󳛚󳛿󳜫󳚘󳙾󳚼󱄍󳚳󳙳󳚼󳙚
11
󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟 󲺂 󰉒󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚙󳚈󳚗󱕒󳚺󳚽󳚼 󲺡󲺿󲺶󲺻󲺮󲹭 󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󳙙󲺡󲺼󲺻󲺴󲻄󲺲󲺶󳙙
󲺙󲺜󲺛󲺔󲺶󳙙󲺗󲺶󲺻󲺸󲺼󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󳙙󲺗󲺎󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿 󳚠󳙙󳚬󳚭󳚊󳚪󳚗󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳛃󱣌󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲺅󳞦󳙚
󰃸󲹭󲺅󳞷󰃽󳚟󰅗󱓅󱣌󰅛󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󰻡󳞷󱾮󰧹󳚟󰃽󳚟󰲸󳙽󳚘󰠅󰬘󳚊󳚼󰆺󳛃󲛷󳚀󳞥󰯕󰳴󰟣󳙽󰩣󳚛󳚐󳚲󳞦󳙚
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚
󳞷󲹭󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓󲹹󲹭󲺒󲺾󲻂󲺶󲺽󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺲󲺿󲻀󲺇󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󳆖󲹭󲻂󲺽󲺱󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲺲󲺽󲻁󲺲󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭󲹿󲺁󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹻
󲀅󰴮󳚟󱢳󰾎󳚙󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰅗󱓅󱣌󳚜󳙹󳚗󳙙󰠰󱽂󲞪󰨣󳚙󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󳙽󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆
󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰧎󲑥󳛃󱖽󰎨󳚛󳚳󳚟󳚜󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󰠰󱽂󲞪󰨣󳚟󱄍󳚘󳚠󳙙󱕫󱛓󲚅󱑯󳚙󱾨󲎡󲞤󳚟󱣦󱣧󱑸󳚛󰧖󱮬󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󱑯󲝢󱊂󳙽󳚈󳚐󳚬󳙼
󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹿 󰕛󳚟 󲹾󲺃󳞣󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󳚠 󲹿󲹿󳞣󳚜󳞦󳙙󰭇󰨒󳚟󱍾󲒿󳛃󰾗󳚘󳙾󳚐󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚟
󰾗󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚈󳚐
15
󳙚󰳾󳚜󳙙󰵖󰰵󳛃󰼒󱍾󳚈󳚐󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳚟󱭍󳚜󳚹󳚻󳙙󱍶󱍹󰚗󳙽󳚈󳚗󳙙
󰠎󰲸󳙽󰐂󳚛󳚀󳚛󳚻󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󱊂󳚳󰧖󰀠󳚈󳚐󳞥󰃸 󲺆󳞦󳙚
󰃸 9󳞷Trina Solar 󱘌󳚟󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󱢭󱜈󳜘󳛓󳜢
󳞷󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󲺡󲺲󲺰󲺵󲹹󲹭󲺡󲺿󲺶󲺻󲺮󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲻀󲻂󲺽󲺽󲺹󲺶󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺁󲺅󲺅󲺚󲺤󲹭󲺻󲹺󲻁󲻆󲺽󲺲󲹭󲺡󲺜󲺝󲺐󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺺󲺼󲺱󲻂󲺹󲺲󲻀󲹭󲻁󲺼󲹭󲺽󲺼󲻄󲺲󲺿󲹭󲻀󲻁󲺮󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺶󲺻󲹭󲺐󲺵󲺶󲺻󲺮󲹭󳆖󲹭󲺠󲺲󲺽󲻁󲺲󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭󲺅󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀󲹻
12
󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳚠󳙙󱣆󳚙󲝣󱿼󳚟󲞤󳛃󰏱󲆀󳚜󳙙󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳛃󲎾󳚊󳚼
󱚡󳚟󰟣󳛃󰎨󰨬󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼
16
󲹭󳙚󱣆󲞤󳚘󳚠󳙙󰃽󰬘󲕀󱼽󳚜󳚹󳚼󰟣󲓁󳚵󳚟󱻆󲇉󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹽󲹽
󰕛󳚟󳚡󳙼󳚺󱍾󳚘󳙾󳚼󳚹󳙷󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚐󳙚󲝣󱿼󲞤󳚘󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󰃼󰎤󰯢󲆺
󰕹󳞥󳜄󳛒󳜫󳛸󲹺󳛓󳜢󳜪󳛮󳜙󳜄󳞦󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹾 󰕛󳚜󳙙󳚆󳚺󳚜󰬱󰕹󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹾󲺆 󰕛󳚜󲚅󰊿󳚆󳚽󳚐󳙚󰃽󳚟
󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰟣󲙸󳚜󳛀󳚌󳚗󲝣󱿼󳛃󰢃󱣧󱑸󳚜󰡲󰉒󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󱓁󰴧󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰬒󰘬󳚜󰻡󱓁󳚊󳚪󳙾󱄍󳚠󳙙󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳙽󰎔󳚛󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳚟󰛁󰛉󳛃󳚂󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚄󳚙
󳚑󳙚󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳛃󰉒󲒿󳚜󰼹󲆾󳚊󳚼󰉒󲀅󰴮󳚛󱍹󰲸󳜕󳜫󳛥󳜫󳚟󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜 󲹽󲹻󲹽󲺄 󳛸
󳜚󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵 󳚑󳚔󳚐󳙚󱠠󰃽󳞥󲹽󲹻󲹽󲺃 󳛸󳜚󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵󳞦󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚼󳚙󳛀󳚋󳙼󳚜󲥸󳙵󳙽󳙙󰷃󰓿󲎤󳞥󲹽󲹻󲹾󲹾 󳛸󳜚󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵󳞦
󳚹󳚻󳚳󳙼󳚛󳚻󰎔󳙵
17
󲹭󳙚󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳙙󱇪󳚜󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󳚠󲥸󰾣󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚼
18
󲹭󳙚
󲝢󳛃󰉒󲒿󳚜󰼹󲆾󳚊󳚼󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳙙󰎔󳚛󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳚠󲒽󱿼󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
2. 󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚛󲝀󳙽󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󲙸󰠅󳚙󱕘󰠅
󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠󱇪󰎤󳚟󱓍󳚙󱭍󰺿󳚜󲝀󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰉒󲀅󰴮󳚛󱾨󲎡󰔅󰆺󳛃󰄦
󱋏󱑸󳚜󲝀󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󳛃󰬒󰐁󲛩󳚜󰠻󳙹󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙚
󲂓󳚈󳚀󲀃󳚗󳙵󳚀󳚙󳙙󰼗󰔅󱚍󳚟󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰉒󳙽󳙙󰉙󲐫󳞥󳙼
󳚺󲠑󳚜󳙙󳜑󳜢󳛣󳜚󱭍󰺿󳙙󰏡󰉀󰃨󰨹󱭍󰺿󳙙󰃥󰓾󱓍󳙙󲝝󱓍󳞦󳚙󱿺󲐫󳞥󰨣󱏊󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󱭍
󰺿󳞦󳚜󱜈󰄦󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳙵󳚋󳚽󳚟󰄦󰆇󳚳󱕝󱄄󳚙󰹩󳚘󱑯󲝢󳚈󳚐󰎔󳚛󲝢󳛃󳙹󳚼󱄍󳙽
󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰼗󰔅󱚍󳚟󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰉒󳚠󳙙󰭟󳛦󳛹󰼰󳚟󰻃󰑫󳚜󳙳󳚼󰭟󲐫󳚟 󲺀 󳚕󳚟
󱓍󳞥󳙼󳚺󲠑󳚜󳙙󰺅󱷞󱓍󳙙󰎔󰙐󱓍󳙙󰼜󰺅󱓍󳞦󳚜󲝀󳚯󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰎗󰟣󳛃󳛢󳜢󳛵󳛹󱮋󳚘󰼰󲌛
󲎇󳚈󳚗󲌛󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚘󳙳󳚼󳞥󰷀󳜉󳜫󳛧󳚟󰃸 󲹾󲹽󳙙󲹾󲹾󳞦󳙚
󰄦󱋏󱑸󳚛󲝀󳚠󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰶿󱄍󳚜󳚳󳚛󳚼󳙚󰄦󲝩󳚵󱃧󱃰󳚛󳚚󳚟󱭍󱄼󱃰󰎷󳙙󰕙󳚡󳚕󳚵
󰼆󰹩󳚛󳚚󳚟󱎸󰔷󰹝󲆀󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󱾨󲎡󳙽󰷧󳚯󳚔󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󳜙󳛨󳛞󳙽󳙳󳚼
19
󳙚
󳚐󳚙󳙹󳚡 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛󳚙 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛󳚜󰃽󳚟󰉉󰧹󳚟󰔅󰆺󳙽󰼆󰹩󳚵󱃧󱃰󳚜󲀃󱭺󳛀󳚽󳚗󳙙󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󳚟󱍶󱍹󲒿󳙽󱎛󳚘󰾗󰐂󳚈󳚐
20
󳙚
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳚠󰕛󲚌󳚟󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱍶󱍹󲒿󳙽󱡺 󲺁󳞣󰾗󰐂󳚈󳚐󳚙󰣯󰎤󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚎󳚟󳚐󳚲󳚜
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󰯢󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹾 󰕛󳚜󳙼󳚂󳚗 󲺀 󲍧󳚀󳚜󲥸󲤱󳚈󳚐
21
󳙚
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󰯢󲥸󲤱󳚜󳙹󳚗󳙙󳛢󳜜󳛹󳛕󳛓󳜚󳛨󳚟󰝅󰮢󰡲󰉒󳚜󳚹󳚼󰾄󳞥󱾨󳛃󱱕󳚊󳚼
󰾨󳚟󰾄󲝈󳚜󳚹󳚼󲌛󲎇󲆾󳚟󰩝󳞦󳚟󰘔󲠋󳚘󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹾 󰕛󳚜󳚠󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰯢󳙽󳚲󳚗󰩝󳚈
󳚐󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹽 󰕛󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚗󱡺 󲹿󲹽󳞣󰇲󳞦󳙚󰗽󰪍󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󲁠󳚠󳚜󱚭󳚘󳙾󳚼󱈈󰝣󳚜
󳙳󳚔󳚐󳚜󳚳󳙼󳙼󳛀󳚺󳚋󳚑󳙚󳚎󳚟󰘬󳚠󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰡲󰉒󳚙󲌛󲎇󲆾󳚟󳚟󳙻󳙼
󳚃󳚘󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰯢󳚳 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛󳙼󳚺󳚜󰠁󳚔󳚐
22
󳙚
13
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲹽󳞷󰃽󳚟󰄦󰆇󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󱫀󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󳞷󲹭󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓󲹹󲹭󲺒󲺾󲻂󲺶󲺽󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺲󲺿󲻀󲺇󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󳆖󲹭󲻂󲺽󲺱󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲺲󲺽󲻁󲺲󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭󲹿󲺁󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹻
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲹾󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󲝀󳚯󳚼󳚛󰄦󰆇
󲺖󲺻󲺻󲺲󲺿󲹭󲺚󲺼󲺻󲺴󲺼󲺹󲺶󲺮󳞷󳜑󳜢󳛣󳜚󱭍󰺿󳙙󲺛󲺶󲺻󲺴󲻅󲺶󲺮󳞷󰏡󰉀󰃨󰨹󱭍󰺿󳙙󲺠󲺶󲺰󲺵󲻂󲺮󲺻󳞷󰃥󰓾󱓍󳙙󲺦󲻂󲺻󲺻󲺮󲺻󳞷󲝝󱓍󳙙
󲺥󲺶󲺻󲺷󲺶󲺮󲺻󲺴󳞷󰨣󱏊󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󱭍󰺿󳙙󲺗󲺶󲺮󲺻󲺴󲻀󲻂󳞷󰺅󱷞󱓍󳙙󲺎󲺻󲺵󲻂󲺶󳞷󰎔󰙐󱓍󳙙󲺧󲺵󲺲󲺷󲺶󲺮󲺻󲺴󳞷󰼜󰺅󱓍
󳞷󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓󲹹󲹭󲺒󲺾󲻂󲺶󲺽󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺲󲺿󲻀󲺇󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󳆖󲹭󲻂󲺽󲺱󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲺲󲺽󲻁󲺲󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭󲹿󲺁󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹭󳛃󳚳󳚙󳚜󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬󳙽󰟣
14
3. 󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󰠩
󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚠󰟣󰭾󳛃󳚃󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚳󳚟󳚟󳙙󳚈󳙵󰠩󳚜󱓅󲞤󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰴳󰎷󳙙
󰷨󰗍󳙙󱌵󰇤󰺀󰮢󳙙󳙽󰃪󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹾 󰕛 󲺂 󰬗󳚜󱰆󰃽󳚟 󲺠󲺵󲺲󲺳󲺳󲺶󲺲󲺹󲺱󲹭󲺕󲺮󲺹󲺹󲺮󲺺 󰉒󰍼󳙽󳚲󳚗󳙙󰨣󱏊󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󱭍󰺿󳚟󱑳󳚜
󳚳󳚟󳚭󳚼󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󳚙󳛚󳛥󳜄󳙽󰃽󳚜󳚹󳚼󰗪󳞥󲍑󰆺󳚙󰔅󰆺󳚟󰲸󳞦󳛃󰗪󳙵󳚺󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼
󳚄󳚙󳛃󰩣󳚺󳙼󳚜󳚈󳚐
23
󲹭󳙚󲃋󰮾󳚟󱢷󰭾󳙙󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚘󳚳󰗪󳙽󱼽󳛀󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚐󳙚
󰴳󰎷󳚠󰩣󳚺󳙼󳚜󲞡󲝕󳚆󳚽󳚼󳚪󳙾󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙙󰗽󱄼󳚛󳙽󳚺󱮂󰉒󱼸󳚟󰚄󳚻󳛃󰗍󳙾󲈔󳚄󳚈󳚐󳙚
󰉒󰍼󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛 󲹾󲹾 󰬗󳚜󰨣󳚐󳚛󰜀󰆸󳛃󲚅󳚈󳚗󳙙󰷀󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󰠩󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳙣󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟
󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲂓󳚈󳙵󲃋󰮾󳙽󰇲󳙹󳚼󳚜󳚕󳚽󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚟󲎒󰩣󰚗󳙽󳚈
󳚐󳆩󳙤
24
󲹭󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜󳚂󳙹󳚗󳙙󳙣󲎒󰩣󰚗󳚟󰶿󰊕󳚜󳚹󳚻󳙙󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󳚟󰗪󳚟󳜙󳛨󳛞󳛃󰲉󲁪󳚊
󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚯󳚊󳚯󳚊󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳚀󳚛󳚔󳚐󳙚󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲠸󰚗󳚠󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙤󳙚
25
󱝉 󲹿 󳚟󰀆󲡀󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹿 󰕛󳙼󳚺󳙙󰃽󱾨󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󳙙󰗽󰖏󰈯󲚖󱚐
󳞥󲺎󲺑󲹼󲺐󲺣󲺑󳞷󲺎󲺻󲻁󲺶󲺱󲻂󲺺󲺽󲺶󲺻󲺴󲹭󲺮󲺻󲺱󲹭󲺐󲺼󲻂󲺻󲻁󲺲󲺿󲻃󲺮󲺶󲺹󲺶󲺻󲺴󲹭󲺑󲻂󲻁󲺶󲺲󲻀󳞦󳚟󲏛󱍾󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚐󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚠󰃽󳚟󱾖󲓁
󳚵󲌛󳚟󰗽󰖏󰈯󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󲚖󱚐󳛃󳙼󳚂󳚼󰣱󱧉󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󱾖󲓁󳛃󳚂
󳚗󱾨󲎡󳚈󳚐󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳛃󱠠󰃽󳚘󰗽󳚛󰯢󳚘󲆮󰈯󳚈󳚐󳚄󳚙󳙽󰩣󳚺󳙼󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚐󳚐󳚲󳚑
26
󲹭󳙚
󳚎󳚟󰘬󳚳󰷨󳚛󰗍󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱠠󰃽󳚟󱾃󰣱󱧉󳙽󲎄󳚆󳚽󳚐󳞥󱝉 󲺀 󱜗󳛃󱅘󳞦󳙚
󰃽󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚠󱾃󰣱󱧉󳛃󰃨󲏫󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚜󱾨󲎡󰔅󰆺󳛃󰖴󲁠󳚊󳚼󰨪󰻓󳛃󳚙󳚔
󳚐󳙽󳙙󳚅󳚀󲐫󳚟󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨󳚑󳚂󳛃󰎨󰨬󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󰆺󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󱾨󳚟󲀃󳙼󳚂󳚑󳚂󳛃󰈻󳙹󳚼󰨪
󰻓󳚘󳙳󳚼
27
󳙚󳚄󳚟󳛷󳜙󳛲󳛞󳚠󰗽󱄼󳚛󳙽󳚺󰀆󲡀󲀊󳚆󳚽󳚼󳙚
󱝉 󲺀 󳚟󰀆󲡀󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚠󰉒󲒿󳚟󲝢󳛃󰼹󲆾󳚊󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚘󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󲝢󳚟
󲺃󲹾󳞣󳙽󱕝󱄄󱃧󱑯󲝢󳚑󳚔󳚐󳙚󳚐󳚑󳚈󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳞥󳚜󲜄󳜪󰻳󲡝󳙙󰉕󲜈󳙙󰹩󳞦
󳚟󰡲󰉒󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹽 󰕛󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚼󳚙 󲹾󲺃 󳜌󳛓󳜢󳛷󳚈󳚐󳚄󳚙󳚠󰬤󳚯󳚈󳙵󳚘󳙳󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲹿󳞦󳙚
󰃸 12󳞷󰃽󳚟󲝢󰿜󰳴󰟣󳚟󰣯󱚄󳞥󱑯󲝢󲝢󲒿󳜈󳜫󳛨󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳙣󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳙤󳚜󳚠󳙙󰹩󳙙󲡝󳙙󰉕󲜈󳙙󳛿󳛓󳛙󳜍󳛨󳙙󰄦󱅶󳛃󳚱󳙚
󳙣󳛛󳛨󳜪󱕝󰺽󳚛󳚚󳙤󳚜󳚠󳙙󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󱎅󰭗󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󰖌󰱁󱇡󳙙󰤎󰹩󳙙󱚡󰩣󳛃󳚱󳙚
󳞷 Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2024 (June 2024).
15
4. 󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲏄󱣆󳙽󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󱜨󱂎󳚙󰤧󰉜
󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚠󰠩󳛃󰗦󳚲󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚛󳙵󳙷󳙹󳚜󳙙󳚟󰉒󳙾󳚛󰀆󲡀󳛃󰡋󳙹󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󱚻󰳀󱑸󳚛󲌛󰟴󱎯󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󱎛󳚘󲏄󱣆󳚟󱈈󰝣󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚐󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚹󳚻󳙙󰨣󳚐󳚛󰠩
󳛃󳚂󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚘󲏄󰧹󰕛󲚌󳚜󳛀󳚐󳚔󳚗󲏄󰉒󳚛󰟣󲙸󳙽󱣧󳙵󳚐󱢷󰭾󳙙󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆
󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󲝣󱿼󳚟 󲹿󳟻󲺁 󳚜󰡲󰉒󳚈󳚐󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲺀󳞦󳙚
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲺀󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚
󳞷 󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚠 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2024 (July 2024).
󲏄󱣆󳚠󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚟󳙳󳙵󳚑󳚜󱂎󳚈󳙵󱜨󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󳙚󱋈󰄟󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳙙󱜨
󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚜󰠕󳚒󳚕󰺕󰎤󱑸󳚛󱿼󰃪󳚠󳙙󱾨󳚟󲇢󳚘󳚠󳚛󳚀󰯢󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰔘󰆺󳚟󳛦󳛖󳛑󳛃
󱖽󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚠󱍶󱍹󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚹󳚻󳚳󳙵󰯢󳚘󲆮󰈯󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚐󳚙󳙹󳚡󰃽󳚟󱢷
󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󳙙󲹾 󳜞󳛲󳛷󳙳󳚐󳚻 󲹽󲹻󲹾󲹾 󳛸󳜚󳚟󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗
󲹽󲹻󲹾󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚘󲆮󰈯󳚆󳚽󳚐
28
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󲚖󲎤󱾨󳙽󰕰󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚐󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙙󱢳󰾎󱑸󳚜󰐀󳚈󳚵󳚊󳚀󳚛󳚻󳙙󱎛󳚟󱫛󱄄
󱢓󳛃󲎠󳚆󳚌󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚙󳚠󳙵󳙹󰉒󰠎󳛃󳚱󰉉󳚀󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󰤧󰉜󳚜󱓅󲞤󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲺁󳞦󳙚
󰘬󳚳󳚉󱈈󰻄󳛃󱣧󳚂󳚺󳚽󳚼󳚙󳚠󱨤󳙹󳚜󳚀󳙵󳙚
󳚄󳚟󳚯󳚯󳚘󳚠󳙙󰩅󰍲󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳚠󱕻󱍹󳚵󳜙󳛨󳛷󳜘󳛃󳚛󳚀󳚆󳚽󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙
󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚘󰬘󳚛󰏱󱝨󳛃󰎨󰨬󳚈󳚗󳚳󳙙󰨣󳚈󳙵󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󰔘󰆺󳚜󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳚀󳚛󳚼󳙚
16
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲺁󳞷󰉒󰠎󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳞥󰃽󳞦󳚟󱢈󱒩󳚟󰣯󱚄
󳞷󲹭󲺡󲺵󲺲󲹭󲺤󲺮󲺹󲺹󲹭󲺠󲻁󲺿󲺲󲺲󲻁󲹭󲺗󲺼󲻂󲺿󲺻󲺮󲺹󲹹󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺿󲺸󲺲󲻁󲻀󲺇󲹭󲺡󲺼󲺻󲺴󲻄󲺲󲺶󲹹󲹭󲺙󲺜󲺛󲺔󲺶󲹹󲹭󲺗󲺎󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹹󲹭󲺡󲺿󲺶󲺻󲺮󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹹󲹭󲺮󲺻󲺱󲹭󲺗󲺶󲺻󲺸󲺼󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲹵󲺮󲺹󲺹󲹭󲺮󲺰󲺰󲺲󲻀󲻀󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺛󲺼󲻃󲺲󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲹭
󲹿󲺃󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹶󲹻
17
󱝉 󲺀 󱜗󳞷󲹭󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚟󰏱󰡁󱝨
1. 󱠠󰃽󳞷 󰟣󳚙󲅅󱧰󳛃󱢭󳚰󳛀󳚌󳚼
󳛿󳛓󳛶󳜢󰉒󱣌󲠠󳞥󰹙󳞦󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛 󲺅 󰬗󳚜󳙣󳛓󳜢󳜄󳜛󰠻󰻓󳞥󲺖󲺻󲺳󲺹󲺮󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺟󲺲󲺱󲻂󲺰󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺎󲺰󲻁󳙙󱎯󱚁
󲺖󲺟󲺎󳞦󳙤󳚜󱧌󳚈󳚐󳙚󱠠󰃽󲅀󳚟󰷵󳙙󳛞󳜙󳜫󳜢󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳚙󰹝󰈻󳚜󲚖󳚊󳚼󰬒󳚳󲒽󱿼
󳚛󰧜󱝨󳚘󳙳󳚼
29
󳙚󳞥󲺖󲺟󲺎 󳚟󲂓󱢞󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󳚠󳙙󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󲆩󰃬󳚟󳙣󱠠󰃽󳚟󲝢󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲺀󲺂 󰕛
󳚯󳚘󳚜󱫛󱄄󱢓󳚩󳞷󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳚟󱢳󰾎󰚗󳚙󰠰󱽂󳛃󱍶󳙼󳚊󳙤󳛃󱅘󳞦󳙚
󲺖󲺟󲺎 󳚟󰮀󱢭󳚰󳚟󳚘󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰃽󱾨󲎡󳛃󲎮󳚊󳚼 󲹿 󱚡󲡏󳚟󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󲎮󱑸
󳚛󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳞥󱚐󳛢󳜫󳛸󳞷󲻓󲺁󲺂󲺥󳞦󳚙󳙙󲎮󱑸󳚛󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚜󰏱
󳚊󳚼󰠿󲇉󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳞥󲻓󲺁󲺅󲺐󳞦󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚟 󲹿 󱚡󲡏󳚟󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚠󳚚󳚒󳚺󳙼󰨪󳚑󳚂󳛃󲏛󱍾󳚘󳙾
󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󰲸󱨦󳚠󰜠󰎤󱒩󳛃󰾥󳚈󳚗󲏦󰡆󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙚
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳚟󰃽󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚟󳚲󳚜󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳙽󰐀󳚆󳚽󳚐
󳞥󱽓 󲺀󳞦󳙚󲆩󰿜󳚟󲛩󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺆 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚠󲡁󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹿 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚠
󰾗󲡁󳚆󳚽󳚗󳞥󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚠 󲺄󲺂󳞣󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹾 󰕛󳚠 󲺂󲹽󳞣󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹿 󰕛󳚠 󲹿󲺂󳞣󳞦󳙙󳚎󳚟󰘬󳚠󳚛󳚀󳚛󳚼󳙚
󱽓 3󳞷󱠠󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰃽󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󳚛󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷
󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓
󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷
[ ]󳚠󱠠󰃽󳚟󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳚟󱾨󲎡󳛢󳛨󳛷
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
3󳛸󳜚/󳛜󳜜󳛟󳜘󳜏 [󰩣]
󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫
12 󳛸󳜚/󰕚󰨪󳜐󳜫󳛷󳜚 [󰩣]
󳛪󳜚
0.04 󳛸󳜚/󳜞󳛲󳛷 [0.10 󳛸󳜚/󳜞󳛲󳛷]
󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
0.07 󳛸󳜚/󳜞󳛲󳛷 [0.15 󳛸󳜚/󳜞󳛲󳛷]
󳞷󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚠 󲺒󲺻󲻃󲺶󲺿󲺼󲺻󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺑󲺲󲺳󲺲󲺻󲻀󲺲󲹭󲺓󲻂󲺻󲺱󲹭󲺮󲺻󲺱󲹭󲺑󲺲󲺹󲺼󲺶󲻁󲻁󲺲󲹹󲹭󲺖󲺟󲺎󲹭󲺎󲺰󲻁󲺶󲻃󲺮󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺔󲻂󲺶󲺱󲺲󲺇󲹭󲺎󲺱󲻃󲺮󲺻󲺰󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺶󲺻󲺴󲹭󲹵󲺚󲺮󲻆󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀󲹶
󱾨󲎡󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠 󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓󲹹󲹭󳆛󲺚󲺮󲺱󲺲󲹭󲺶󲺻󲹭󲺢󲺠󳆜󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲺎󲺺󲺯󲺶󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲻀󲹭󲺐󲺮󲺻󳆜󲻁󲹭󲺠󲺵󲺮󲺸󲺲󲹭󲺐󲺵󲺶󲺻󲺮󳆜󲻀󲹭󲺖󲺻󲺳󲺹󲻂󲺲󲺻󲺰󲺲󲹭󲹵󲺚󲺮󲺿󲺰󲺵󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹶󲹻
󳚳󳙷󰨪󳚟󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳛃󱾨󲎡󳚊󳚼
󲁠󳛃󰬇󰨣󳜪󰡲󰗨󳜪󰨣󲁠󳚊󳚼󰆺󳚜󳙙󰠿󲇉󲡁󳚟 󲺃󳞣󳛃󰣮󲛷󳚊󳚼󳞥󲇅󲓁󰹩󰿞󳚵󰧮󱪒󳜆󳜜󳛟󳜘󳜏
󳙽󱿼󳚜󳙹󳚡 󲺀󲹽󳞣󳞦
30
󳙚
󳚐󳚑󳚈󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚙󲏋󳚔󳚗󳙙󲆩󰿜󳚟󲛩󳚠 󲹾󲹽󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰉕󲜈󰉆
󳚟󳛞󳜙󳜫󳜢󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰠰󱽂󳚳󰏱󲆀󳚜󳚛󳚻󳙙󲹿 󰃨󳚟󳛃󲎜󳚉󳚗󰺕󰎤󳚊󳚼
31
󳙚
󰬒󳚟 󲺁󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚟󲠠󱨦󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺀 󰬗󳚜󰺕󳚯󳚔󳚐
32
󳙚󲹿 󰃨󱓁󳚟 󲺃󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚟󲠠󱨦
󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗󳚜󰺕󳚯󳚼󰎤󳚘󳙳󳚼
33
󳙚󳚚󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳙽󲏦󳚡󳚽󳚐󳙼󳚠󳙙󲠠󱨦󳙽
󱽓󳚈󳚛󳙵󲛩󳚻󳛀󳙼󳚺󳚛󳙵󳙚
󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳚠󰉒󳙾󳙵󳚳󳚟󳚟󳙙󰃽󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚐󱾨󲎡󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚟󰔋󳛃󰅺󳚲󳚼󳚜󳚠󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚󳚐󳚙
󳙹󳚡󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󰙓󱿼󳚛󱤓󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠󳙙󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳙙󳛕󳛖
󳛾󳜫󳛃 󲹽󲹻󲹽󲺁 󳛸󳜚󲹼󳜞󳛲󳛷󳚘󲌛󳚊󳚼󳚙󰜠󰎤󳚈󳚗󳙙󱍶󱍹󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳛃󲏛󱍾󳚈󳚗󳚳 󲹽󲹻󲹾󲺅 󳛸󳜚󲹼󳜞󳛲󳛷
󳚘󳙳󳚼
34
󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󰃽󳚟󱾨󲎡󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠 󲹽󲹻󲹾󲹾 󳛸󳜚󲹼󳜞󳛲󳛷󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
18
󱠠󰃽󳚟󲎤󲐆󰧜󰕴󰗽󰐢󳚠󲏄 󲹾󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳛀󳚐󳚔󳚗󳙙󰃽󳚟󳛢󳛨󳛷󳙽󰷨󳚛󰗍󳚜
󳚹󳚼󳚳󳚟󳚘󳙳󳚼󲁪󰡱󳛃󱑯󲀃󳚈󳚗󳙾󳚐󳙚󳚎󳚟󰆸󰙀󰣱󱧉󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼
󱢳󰾎󱾃󳛃󱣧󳚂󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󱽓 󲺁󳞦󳙚
󱽓 4󳞷󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱍹󰲸󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󱠠󰃽󳚟󱢳󰾎󱾃
󰧜󱝨
󰘈󰗈
󰏱󲆀󱾨
󰏱󲆀󰄦󰆇
󰸻󱊂
󰎨󰨬󰬨󲚌
AD/CVD 󳆖
solar 1
AD/CVD󳞥󳛑󳜢󳛰
󳛯󳜢󳜃󳜢󳛟󱚐/󱓇
󰸦󲚖󱚐󳞦 󳙙󱝉
󰃽󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲚖󱚐
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚
󰃽
󱝉󰃽󳞥󳛚󳜢󳜋󳛧󳛑󳙙
󳜍󳜛󳜫󳛦󳛑󳙙󳛮󳛓󳙙󳜈󳛷
󳛹󳜏󳞦
󰏱󲆀󱨦󳚙󰕛󳚘󰈻
󳞥AD󳞷0-239󳞣󳙙
CVD󳞷: 3-526󳞣)
2012 󰕛󲛧
(AD/CVD)
2022 󰕛󲛧
(󱝉󰃽󳚟󱓇󰸦
󲚖󱚐)
AD/CVD 󳆖
solar 2
AD/CVD
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
󰃽
󰏱󲆀󱨦󳚙󰕛󳚘󰈻
2015 󰕛󲛧
Section 301
󲌛󲚖󱚐
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚬󳙼󰉉
󰧹
󰃽
25󳟻50󳞣 (2024 󰕛
󳙼󳚺)
2018 󰕛󲛧
Uyghur
Forced
Labor
Prevention
Act
󲌛󱘸󰷧
󱾨
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚙
󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚘
󱾨󲎡󳚈󳚐󱾨󳛃

󰨣󱏊󳛕󳛓󳛟󳜚󱭍󰺿
󳙼󳚺󳚟󰠎󱇡󳙳󳚼󳙵
󳚠󰗪󳚟󱏓󳙵󳙽
󳙳󳚼󱎛󳚟󱾨
󰩣
2022 󰕛󲛧
󳞷󲹭󲺝󲺣󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺴󲺮󲻇󲺶󲺻󲺲󲹹󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲺝󲺮󲺻󲺲󲺹󲹭󲺖󲺺󲺽󲺼󲺿󲻁󲹭󲺡󲺮󲺿󲺶󲺳󲺳󲻀󲹭󲺖󲺻󲺰󲺿󲺲󲺮󲻀󲺲󲹭󲺢󲺠󲹭󲺚󲺼󲺱󲻂󲺹󲺲󲹭󲺝󲺿󲺶󲺰󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺯󲻆󲹭󲻂󲺽󲹭󲻁󲺼󲹭󲹿󲺅󲺃󲹲󲹭󳆖󲹭󲺗󲻂󲺻󲺲󲹭󲹾󲹽󲹹󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹻
󳚄󳚟󱢳󰾎󱾃󳚘󱭧󰽾󳙵󳚄󳚙󳚠󳙙󳛚󳜢󳜋󳛧󳛑󳙙󳜍󳜛󳜫󳛦󳛑󳙙󳛮󳛓󳙙󳜈󳛷󳛹󳜏󳚜󳚳󰳾󳚟󲚖󱚐󳛃
󲏛󱍾󳚊󳚼󱄍󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽 󲺎󲺑󲹼󲺐󲺣󲺑󳞥󳛑󳜢󳛰󳛯󳜢󳜃󳜢󳛟󱚐󲹼󱓇󰸦󲚖󱚐󳞦󳛃󰃨󲏫󳚊
󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚟 󲺁 󳛚󰃽󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚜󳛀󳚋󳙼󳚛󱋏󳛃󰨬󳚈󳚗󱱕󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚐󳚄󳚙
󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󰣱󱧉󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳛿󳛓󳛶󳜢󰉒󱣌󲠠󳚠󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󲁠󳚟󰐀󳛃󰇲󳚆󳚌󳚗󳙙󲝢󳛪󳛞󳛮󳜫󳚟󱫛󱄄󱢓󳛃󲎠
󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󲹿 󰕛󲚌󳚑󳚂󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛 󲺃 󰬗󳟻󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺃 󰬗󳞦󳙙󱢳󰾎󱾃󳛃󰨠󳚈󳚐󳙚󱠠󰃽󳚠
󲹿󲹽󲺀󲺂 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󳙙󲹾󲹽󲹽󳞣󳛚󳜫󳜋󳜢󳜄󳜙󳜫󳚟󲝢󱣆󳛃󱓁󰢇󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰉒󱣌󲠠󳚟󱾃󰎤󳚠󱠠󰃽󳚟
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚜󲚖󲎤󳚊󳚼󰲸󳛃󳚈󳚐󳙚󰐀󳚠󰷝󲍥󳚈󳙙󱾨󲎡󳚠󰷝󲍥󳚈󳚛󳙼󳚔󳚐󳙚
󰟣󳚙󲅅󱧰󳚟󱢭󳚰󳛀󳚌󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󰧹󰉉󳚀󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳙽󱑯󱽓󳚆󳚽
󳚐󳙽󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚟󰪍󱄍󳚘󰖴󲁠󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚐󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚠󰐂󳚛󳙵󳞥󰷀󳜉󳜫󳛧󳚟󰃸 󲹾󲺂󳞦󳙚󱎛
󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳙽󲏄󱣆󳚟󱈈󰝣󳚜󳙳󳚻󳙙󰯢󳚳󰎔󳙵󳚄󳚙󳙼󳚺󳙙󲁄󱎍󳚟󰎨󱋈󳙽󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈
󳙵󱈈󰻄󳛃󱘈󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲹾󲹾 󰬗 󲹾󲺂 󰩆󳚜󳙙󳛸󳛹󳜚󳛸󳜪󳛷󳜘󳜢󳜆󰹗󳞥󳞦󳙽󰷀󰬨󰉒󱣌󲠠󳚜󲏦󳚆󳚽󳚐󳙚󰐖󰗈
󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛 󲹾 󰬗 󲹿󲹽 󰩆󳚟󰎤󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰷀󰬨󰧜󰴳󳙽󳚚󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󰧜󱝨󳛃󰎨󱼽󳚊󳚼󳙼󳚠󱋈󰪍󱄍󳚘
󳚠󰩣󳚑󳙚
󳚎󳚟󲚌󳚜󳚳󳙙󳛷󳜘󳜢󳜆󰹗󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳛞󳜙󳜫󳜢󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰠰󱽂󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲎤󲐆󰧜󰕴󳚟󰧎󰤝󳙽󱥑󰐁
󳚆󳚽󳚼󳚟󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙼󳙙󳚙󳚟󰟒󰙶󳙽󲥸󳚯󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚐󳚑󳚈󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳚠󳙙
󳚎󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󰙑󲑥󳚠󳚟󳚙󳚄󳚾󲀃󳙳󳚐󳚺󳚛󳙵󳙚󰉒󱣌󲠠󳙽󳛷󳜘󳜢󳜆󰹗󳚜󳛀󳚔󳚗󳚳󳙙󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈
󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳛃󰧎󰤝󳚊󳚼󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳛃󰎗󳚜󰖌󰷧󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󳙙󳙻󳚎󳚺󳚀󳚛󳙵󳚑󳚾󳙷󳙚
19
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲺂󳞷󱠠󰃽󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽 3GW 󰬮󰿗󳚟󰆺󳚠󳛟󳜘󳜄󳚜󱽓󱘈󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
󱣌󱑸󳚜󳙽󰗪󳙵󳛵󳛜󳛤󳛨󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛶󳛒󳛑󳛹󳙙󳛤󳛕󳛨󳛚󳜜󳜘󳛓󳛹󳙙󳛑󳜘󳛿󳜍󳙙󳛙󳛞󳜘󳜊󳜍󰓿
󳚛󳚚󳚘󳚠󳙙󳚊󳚘󳚜󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷󳛃󰤇󳚜󳚈󳚐󰨣󳚈󳙵󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󲁄󱎍󳙽󲎮󳛄
󳚘󳙵󳚼
35
󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚺󳚟󰓿󳚟󲅀󳚠󰎨󱑸󳚘󳙙󰄦󰆇󱢳󰾎󳚜󲆪󱉊󳚊󳚼󳞥󰔅󰆺󳙽󳚙󲝁󱍾󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺
󳚊󳞦󰠿󲇉󳛃󰾗󳚺󳚈󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󳚹󳙷󳚛󰧜󱝨󰈻󰬇󳚜󳚠󰏱󳚊󳚼󳚠󳚋󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󲅅󱧰󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳚳󳙙󱤧󳚊󳚼󱫀󰚗󳚠󳚬󳚙󳛄󳚚󳚛󳙵󳙚󳛷󳜘󳜢󳜆󰉒󱣌󲠠󳚟 󲹾 󰬨󱓁󳚜󳙙󰃽
󱾨󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗 󲹿󲺂󳞣󳚟󲌛󲚖󱚐󳛃󲃃󳚈󳚐󱢳󱤬󳙽󳙳󳚼󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹾󲺅 󰕛󳚟 󲺠󲺲󲺰󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺀󲹽󲹾󳞦󳙚
󰘬󳚠󲇁󰩧󲜡󰈉󳛃󰗪󳚊󳚼󳙙󳚙󳛷󳜘󳜢󳜆󰹗󳚠󱥿󳚻󲍪󳚈󰗨󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
2. 󰷃󰓿󲎤󳞷󳜙󳛨󳛞󳛃󲂧󲄲󳚊󳚼󳚳󳙙󲝣󱿼󳛃
󲺒󲺢󳞥󰷃󰓿󲎤󳞦󳚠󱭍󱄼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳛃󰉒󲒿󳙼󳚕󲍠󲎠󳚜󰐀󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󳜜󳛦󳛑󳚟󱕝
󱅿󰨒󳚜󰍲󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󱈈󰻄󳚜󱢫󰷧󱝃󳛃󰠕󳚕󳛓󳛺󳛦󳛑󳛵󳛒󳜅󳙣󲺟󲺒󲺝󲺼󲻄󲺲󲺿󲺒󲺢󲹭󲺝󲺹󲺮󲺻󳙤󳛃󰣯󲎮󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚎󳚟󰟴󱎯󳚟󲐫󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛 󲺂 󰬗󳚜󳙣󰉕󲜈󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰟴󱎯󳞥󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭 󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆󲹭 󲺠󲻁󲺿󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺴󲻆󳞦󳙤󳛃
󱑯󱽓󳚈󳚐
36
󳙚
󲺒󲺢 󳚟󰉕󲜈󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰟴󱎯󳚘󳚠󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛃 󲺀󲹿󲹽󲺔󲺤 󳚜󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚯󳚘
󳚜 󲺃󲹽󲹽󲺔󲺤 󱚍󰕹󳚟󰐀󳛃󱓁󰢇󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼
37
󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󰬯󰪍󱄍󳚟󱢝󱚻󰐀󲒿󳚠 󲹿󲺂󲺂󲺔󲺤
38
󳞦󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚠
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳙽󳛢󳛨󳛷󰭾󳚟󲥸󳙵󱫛󱄄󱢓󰠰󱽂󳚘󳙳󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󰻡󱓁󳚈󳚗󲁠󰎤󳚈󳚐󲒾󰙑󱑸󳚛󱓁󰴧
󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰟴󱎯󳛃󱑯󱽓󳚈󳚐󰸢󲜖󳚘󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚟󰐀󰡲󰉒󳙽 󲺒󲺢 󳚟󱍹󰲸󱎛󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󳜙󳜫󳛯󳜫󳛦󳛲󳜆
󳛃󰗪󳚊󳚼󰵖󳚜󳚛󳚼󳚙󱨤󳙹󳚺󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚐󳙚󳚄󳚟󱓁󱑸󳚟󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙣󲺒󲻂󲺿󲺼󲺽󲺲󲺮󲺻󲹭 󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭 󲺝󲺣󲹭 󲺖󲺻󲺱󲻂󲻀󲻁󲺿󲻆󲹭
󲺎󲺹󲺹󲺶󲺮󲺻󲺰󲺲󳞥󰷃󰓿󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󱍹󰲸󲎤󱒶󳞦󳙤󳛃󱑯󲈫󳚆󳚌󳚐󳙚
20
󲎤󱒶󳚟󰘛󳚠󰷃󰓿󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲏛󳚛󰠿󲇉󰭓󳛃󲁠󰎤󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜
󳙳󳚼
39
󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳞥󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉆󳚟󲒾󳚜󰻡󳞦󳛃󳚲󳚗 󲺀󲹽󲺔󲺤 󳚟
󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󲚅󱑯󳛃󱓁󰴧󳚜󰣷󳚃󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚎󳚟󳚐󳚲󳚜 󲺁 󳚕󳚟󰼒󳛃󰣯󲎮󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚀󳙚󲹭󲹵󲹾󲹶󲹭󰷃󰓿󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲇉󲓁
󰤇󳛃󰼒󱑯󳚜󳚊󳚼󳙙󲹵󲹿󲹶󲹭 󰢃󱣧󱫀󳚘󰕚󱝝󳚛󱜨󳚟󰆺󳛃󱖽󱜈󳚊󳚼󳙙󲹵󲺀󲹶󲹭 󱌵󰇤󳚜󲑥󰝷󳚈󳚐󲁠󲁄
󱿼󳛃󰩊󰬨󳚜󰐀󳚊󳚼󳙙󲹵󲺁󲹶󲹭󱍹󰲸󳚜󰙓󱿼󳚛󳛨󳛜󳜚󱿼󳛃󰾥󳚊󳚼󳙚
󳚈󳙼󳚈 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚯󳚘󳚜󰷃󰓿󳚘󱽓󳙳󳚼󳙵󳚠󰖴󲁠󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚐󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟
󲁄󱎍󳚠󳚆󳚬󳚚󰉉󳚀󳚛󳙵󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲺃󳞦󳙚󲺒󲺢 󳚟󰟴󱎯󳚠󰐂󳚈󰬨󰘦󰉆󳚽󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󱇪󳚜󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳚙󳛕󳛖
󳛾󳜫󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󳚘󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜 󲺀󲹽󲺔󲺤 󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚘
󰎨󱋈󳚊󳚼󳚙󳙵󳙷󲎤󱒶󳚟󱓁󰴧󲏊󰟣󳚠󳙷󳙵󱈈󰻄󳚑󳙚
󰃸 16󳞷󰷃󰓿󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽 3GW 󰬮󰿗󳚟󰆺󳚠󳛟󳜘󳜄󳚜󱽓󱘈󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
󰷃󰓿󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󱕘󰬨󲚌󳚜󱑸󳚜󰇲󳙹󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󰬨󰘦󳚘󳙾󳚋󳙙󰃽󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼
󰍲󳙽󱣧󳙾󳚎󳙷󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚟󰀆󲡀󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󳚠󲂧󲄲󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚳󳚟󳚟󳙙󳚎󳚽󳚹󳚻󳚳󱤎󰚕󰚗󳙽󲥸󳙵
󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳚟󰾗󳚙󰾣󰎫󰭾󳛛󳛨󳚟󰾗󳛃󲒽󲀊󳚈󳚗󳙙󰆇󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱣆󳚹󳚻󳚳󲝣󱿼󳛃
󳚆󳚌󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚄󳚟󱄍󳚜󲚖󲎤󳚈󳚗󳙙󰷃󰓿󰉙󲕀󱼽󳚟󳛸󳜘󳛝󱤓󱾃󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗 󲹾󲺄 󰩆󳚜󳙙󰷃󰓿󲅀󳚘󰻡
󱓁󳚊󳚪󳙾󳜛󳜌󳜫󳛷󳚜󳚕󳙵󳚗󲂾󰩣󳚈󳚐󳙚󳚎󳚟󰪍󳚟󱑯󲀾󳚠󰩣󰙭󳚑󳚔󳚐󳙚󳙣󰉕󲜈󳜀󳛼󳜚󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󳙙
󰃽󳚟󱍶󱍹󱨦󳙽󳚠󳚼󳙼󳚜󱼽󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󰠰󱽂󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󰷃󰓿󳚘󱍶󱍹󳚈󳚹󳙷󳚙󲂉󳚰󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󳙙󱫛
󱄄󱢓󳛃󲎽󳚺󳚌󳚼󳚑󳚂󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󱼽󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󰃽󳙽󱾖󲓁󳛃󰼒󱍾󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚐󳚙󳚈󳚗󳚳󳙙󳚎󳚟󰃽󳚟󱢂
󱚐󱨦󳙽󰷃󰓿󳚜󳛞󳜙󳜫󳜢󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳛃󰐀󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󰠿󲇉󳚈󳚗󳚀󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚙󱨤󳙹󳚼󳚪󳙾󳚑󳙤
40
󳙚
󳚄󳚽󳚬󳚚󱑸󱖽󳚜󰷃󰓿󳚟󱨤󳙹󰨪󳛃󱽓󱋈󳚈󳚐󲀾󱳆󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚
21
3. 󰩆󰬰󳞷󰐀󳜌󳛵󳜢󳛦󳜒󳜚󳛃󲏄󰐁󲁼󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚜󰻡
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰗪󳚊󳚼󰩆󰬰󳚟󰟴󱎯󳛃󲀃󳚼󳚙󳙙󱠠󰃽󳚵󰷃󰓿󳚙󰉒󳙾󳚀󱎸󳚛󳚼󳙚
󰩆󰬰󳚜󳚠󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛃󳜈󳜫󳛨󳚜󳚈󳚐󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󳚬󳚙󳛄󳚚󳚛󳚀󳙙󱍶󱍹󳛃󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󲁄󱎍󳚠󳚛
󳙵󳙚󳚎󳚟󳛀󳚻󳚜󳙙󰯳󱵒󰴴󰼟󰉒󰍼󳚟󰎲󰄰󰧮󰣖󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹽󲺆 󰕛󳚜󱑯󰩣󳚈󳚐󲞪󰨣󱑸󳚛󰠰󱽂󳚘󳙳󳚼
󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰻡󳚊󳚼󳙚
󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󲁠󱧉󳚘󳙾󳚼󲏛󰄦󳙽󰐂󳚛󳚀󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚙󰗪󲃋󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󱢷
󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚠󲒽󲒿󳚜󳚹󳚼󲁠󱧉󰆺󰠅󳚟󱡺󳙽󳙳󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󰃽󳚘󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳙵󳙙
󳚙󳙵󳙷󱋏󱎅󳚜󳚹󳚼
41
󲹭󳙚 󳚈󳙼󳚈󳙙󳚄󳚟󰗨󳚠󰷨󳚈󳚀󳚛󳙵󳙚󰩆󰬰󳚜󳚠󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󰐀
󳚘󳙾󳚼󳜌󳛵󳜢󳛦󳜒󳜚󳙽󲅰󰏊󳚜󰸈󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰖴󱇡󳚟󰐨󰯠󳙙󱨵󰧛󰱁󰄦󳚛󳚚󳞦󳙚󲹭
󲂸󳚔󳚐󲂧󲄲󳚟󳚳󳚙󳙙󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠󱶈󳚀󳚗󲋮󳚀󳙙󰮣󲋟󳚛󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳛃󰣯󲎮󳚈󳚗
󳙵󳚼󳙚󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲁠󱧉󳙽󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳙵󰆺󰠅󳚘󳚳󳞥󳜂󳜚󳚟󰈉󲞤󳚵󱨰󱱕󲒽󳚟󰐁󳚆󳙵
󰔅󰆺󳚟󰐨󰯠󳚛󳚚󳞦󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚛󳚺󳚡󲁠󱧉󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙼󳚺󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰩆󰬰󳚜󳚙󳚔󳚗󳚟󱄍󳚟󳚣󳚙󳚕󳚠󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚟󱍶󱍹󳚜󰬒󳚳󰙓󱿼󳚛󰭇󰨒
󳙽󳜗󳛕󱢓󳚘󳙳󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚑󳙚󰩆󰬰󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󱎛󳚟󳜗󳛕󱢓󳚟󱍶󱍹󲒿󳚘 󲺀󲹽󳞣󳚟󳛦󳛖󳛑󳙽󳙳󳚻󳙙
󳛰󳜙󳞥󲺃󲺀󳞣󳞦󳚜󰷀󳙵󳚘󱝉 󲹿 󳚘󳙳󳚼
42
󳙚
󳚐󳚑󳚈󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰠰󱽂󳚠󰟣󱅮󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚󱍾󳚯󳚘󳚜󲀯󰺕󳚈󳚛󳚀󳚗󳚠󳚛󳚺
󳚛󳙵󲃃󲡀󳙽󰧹󰉉󳚀󳙳󳚼󳙚󳛢󳛨󳛷󳛃󰾗󳚈󳙙󳛪󳜚󳚟󱨰󱍾󰕛󰧹󳞥󱋈󰄟󳚠 󲹾󲹽 󰕛󳞦󳛃󰖰󳚡󳚌󳚼󳚹󳙷󳚜
󰧖󱮬󳚊󳚼󰙓󱿼󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚠󳜄󳛒󳜚󳜏󳚜󱢓󰭇󳛃󰇍󰔙󳙳󳚼󳙵󳚠󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚘󱍶󱍹󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙚
󰐂󳚛󳙵󰔅󱚍󳚘󰉒󲒿󳚜󱍶󱍹󳚘󳙾󳚼󱄍󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳚟󰈻󰤏󱊂󳛃󰉒󰔽󳚜󲥸󳚲
󳚺󳚽󳚼󱫀󰚗󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󱕫󱛓󰸢󲜖󳚘󳚠󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚙󳚳󳚜󰈻󰤏󱊂󳙽 󲹿󲺄󳞣
󳚜󲏊󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳛃󱢭󳚰󳛀󳚌󳚐󳛮󳜢󳛶󳜏󰅛󳚘󳚠󳙙󲺀󲺂󳞣󳚟󰈻󰤏
󱊂󳛃󲁑󲖴󳚈󳚐󳞥󳙵󳚋󳚽󳚟󲁑󲖴󳚳󰃽󳞦
43
󳙚
󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱑯󲝢󳛢󳛨󳛷󳛃 󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜 󲹾󲺁 󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵 󳚜󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺁󲹽 󰕛
󳚜󳚠 󲹾󲹽 󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵 󳚜󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳛃󱓁󰢇󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼
44
󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟
󱑯󲝢󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚠󳙙󲺏󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺺󲺯󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺛󲺒󲺓 󳚜󳚹󳚼󳚙 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜 󲹾󲹽 󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳚠 󲺄 󲹼󲺸󲺤󲺵 󳚜󳚛
󳚼󲀃󲎜󳚈󳚑
45
󳙚
2021 󰕛10 󰬗󳚜󳙙󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠󳙣󰷀󰅛󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󳙤󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚐󳙚498
󳚟󱞍󳛃󳚻󰗽󳚗󳚗󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󳛃󰧎󰤝󳚈󳚗󳙙2030 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󰃽󳚟
󰉉󳚀󳚟󰆺󰠅󳚜󰐀󳚘󳙾󳚼󳚹󳙷󳚜󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󱓁󱑸󳚘󳙳󳚼
46
󳙚
󳛑󳛓󳛦󳜢󳙙󳛗󳛼󳛢󳜫󳛷󳜪󳛵󳛞󳛽󳜜󳛧󳜫󳛩󳙙󳛚󳛼󳛚󳙙󱚻󰹩󰍼󰔅󰲸󳙙󰭟󱯋󳚛󳚚󳚟󰹙󲚌󰲸󳙽󰧎󰤝
󳛃󳚂󳚗󲚅󱑯󳛃󲎮󳚲󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲺄󳞦
47
󳙚
󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󱜨󳙽󱎛󳚘󱂎󳚈󳚀󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙾󳚐󳚄󳚙󳛃󳚂󳚗󳙙󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛 󲺅 󰬗󳚜󳙙󰷀󰅛󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󱞍󳛃 648 󳚜󰇲󳚵󳚈󳚐󳞥2021
󰕛󳚟󰗽󲁄󱎍󳙼󳚺 30󳞣󰇲󳞦
48
󳙚
22
󰃸 17󳞷󱚻󰹩󰍼󰔅󰲸󳚟󳜜󳜫󳜚󳜪󳛳󳜫󳜪󳜜󳜫󳜚󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛪󳛨
󳞷Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Perovskite Solar Cells: The Key to the Future Expansion of Renewable
Energy in Japan. Part 2: Efforts toward Early Public Implementation 󳆖 February 16, 2024.
󰩆󰬰󳙽󱎛󳚟󱜨󳚜󳚕󳚐󳚲󳚜󳚠󳙙󱕫󱛓󲚅󱑯󳙼󳚺󱍾󳚩󱢓󰩊󳚀󱚄󱼽󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󲒽󱿼
󳚑󳙚󲺔󲺤 󱢎󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰃽󳚘󱖽󱜈󳚈󳚗󳙙󳚘󳙾󳚼󳚑󳚂󰩊󳙵󰸢󲜖󳚘󰃽󳚟󱓁󰴧󳚙󰟣
󳞥󰃼󰎤󰯢󲆺󰕹󳚛󳚚󳞦󳛃󲎜󳚉󳚗󰬨󳚟󲝣󱿼󳛃󰀰󲈔󳚊󳚼󰙓󱿼󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰩆󰬰󰧜󰕴󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲹾󲹾 󰬗󳚜󳙣󰷀󰅛󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󰟴󱎯󳙤󳛃󱽓󳚈󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺁󲹽 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜 󲹿󲹽󲺔󲺤
󳚟󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󰐀󳚊󳚼󱓁󰴧󳛃󰣷󳚃󳚐
49
󲹭󳙚󱍹󰲸󱎛󳙽󲏛󳙼󳚕󳛮󳛓󳜏󳜙󳜫
󳚜󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󳙷󳙹󳚘󳙙󳚄󳚟󱓁󰴧󳚠󰩣󱖽󳚛󳜂󳛧󳜖󳜢󳛃󱘈󳚊󳚳󳚟󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳚙󳚠󳙵󳙹󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󰻡󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳛃󱋏󱎅󳚜󳙙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󱚻󰳀󱑸
󳚜󰐀󳚈󳚛󳙵󳚙󳙵󳙷󱨤󳙹󰨪󳚠󰬤󳚯󳚈󳚀󳚛󳙵󳙚󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚘󲍠󲎠󳚜󱫛󱄄󱢓󳛃󰣯󲎮󳚊󳚼󳙷󳙹󳚘󳙙󳜉󳜜
󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳙽󰼗󳚜󳚛󳚼󳚯󳚘󰘦󳚕󰙓󱿼󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚󲺒󲺢 󳚙󰳾󳚜󳙙󰎔󳚛󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󳚟󲌛󳛃󰼒󱍾󳚊󳚪󳙾󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚑󳚂󳚘󳚠󳚛󳚀󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚵󳛓󳜢󳛸󳙼󳚺󲌛󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚳
󱨤󳙹󳚺󳚽󳚼󳙚
󳚈󳙼󳚳󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󱚻󰳀󱑸󳚜󲚅󱑯󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󰃽󳚠󰩆󰬰󳚑󳚂󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚󰃽󳚳󰠰
󱽂󲚅󱑯󳚜󳛃󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚗󳙙󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳚜󳚂󳚗󳙾󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳞥󱝉 󲺁 󱜗󳛃󱅘󳞦󳙚
4. 󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳞷󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󰉉󰳾󳚟󰘛󳙽󲥸󳚯󳚼
󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󲃷󰃽󳞥󳛚󳜢󳜋󳛧󳛑󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳛼󳛦󳛑󳙙󳜘󳛙󳛨󳙙󳜍󳜛󳜫󳛦󳛑󳙙󳜄󳛒󳜙󳜃󳜢󳙙󳛦󳜢󳛛󳜌󳜫󳜚󳙙
󳛮󳛓󳙙󳜈󳛷󳛹󳜏󳞦󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚳󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃󰇲󰗪󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰃽󳙽󰧎󲑥󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󱎛
󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰉉󰳾󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󲆪󱉊󳚊󳚼󳙚
󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󳚻󱢭󳚰󳚠󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󳛪󳛟󳜐󳜢󳛷󳚘󰼒󱑯󳚑󳙚󱇪󳚜󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󰉒󳙾󳙵󳞥󰃸 󲹾󲺅󳞦󳙚󳚘󳚳󳜈󳛷󳛹󳜏󳙙󳛮󳛓󳙙󳜍󳜛󳜫󳛦󳛑󳚟 󲺀 󳛚󰃽󳙽󱼽󳚈
󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳛓󳜢󳛸󳛼󳛦󳛑󳚳󲎽󳚽󳚡󳚌󳚛󳙽󳚺󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳛃󲥸󳚲󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
23
󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚠󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󳚜󱇪󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚽󳚡
󰐁󳚆󳙵󳙽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳛃󰃨󳚼󳙚
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲺅󳞷󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚
󳞷 󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚠 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚠 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2024 (July 2024).
󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󲃷󰃽󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰉒󳚠󰃽󰲸󳙽󰠅󰬘󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚󳚐󳚑󳚈󰃽󰉆󳚟󰲸󳚟
󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚳󱄴󲀊󳚘󳙾󳚛󳙵󲀅󰴮󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󳜈󳛷󳛹󳜏󳚟 󲺠󲻂󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆󳙙󳛚󳜢󳜋󳛧󳛑󳚟 󲺛󲺲󲻄󲹭 󲺒󲺮󲻀󲻁󲹭 󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭
󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆 󳚟󳚬󳙼󳚜󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󰉆󳚟󰃽󳙼󳚺󳚳󳛚󳛹󳛯󳚟 󲺐󲺮󲺻󲺮󲺱󲺶󲺮󲺻󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󳙙󱠠󰃽󳚟󲹭󲺓󲺶󲺿󲻀󲻁󲹭󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󳙙
󲟲󰃽󳚟 󲺕󲺮󲺻󲻄󲺵󲺮󲹭 󲺞󲹭 󲺐󲺒󲺙󲺙󲺠 󳙽󱽓󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󲃷󰃽󳚠󲇅󲓁󳚟󳚆󳚙󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫
󲒾󳚟󰟣󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󰼰󰉆󳙼󳚺󳚟󰠿󲇉󳛃󰗍󳙾󳚕󳚂󳚗󳙵󳚼
50
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨󲎡󰔅󰆺󳚟󰖴󲁠󲁄󱎍󳛃󲀃󳚗󳚳󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚠󰳾󳚜󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟󰡲󰉒
󳛃󰬨󰘦󳚘󳙾󳚼󳞥󰷀󳜉󳜫󳛧󳚟󰃸 󲹾󲺆󳞦󳙚
󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚘󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳙙󰧜󰕴󳚟󲇯󳜆󳜜󳛟󳜘󳜏󳚜󰃽󱍶󱍹󳛃󳚊󳚼󱿼󳛃󰐀󳚈󳚐󳙚
󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰬱󱿼󳚙󳚈󳚗󳙙󰃽󱍹󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃 󲺂󲹽󳞣󱍾󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳛃
󰹴󳚲󳚐
51
󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲹿 󰕛󳙼󳚺󳙙󰃽󳙼󳚺󳚟󲌛󳚜󰏱󳚊󳚼󲚖󱚐󳛃󳛪󳜚󳚘 󲹿󲺂󳞣󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
󳚘 󲺁󲹽󳞣󲃃󳚊󰕹󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚐
52
󳙚󳚄󳚟󰧜󱝨󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳚟󰔋󳛃󰅺󳚲󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚗󳙙
󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚟󰲸󳞥󲺤󲺮󲺮󲺿󲺲󲺲󲹭󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺶󲺲󲻀󳙙󲺎󲺱󲺮󲺻󲺶󲹭󲺒󲺻󲻁󲺲󲺿󲺽󲺿󲺶󲻀󲺲󲻀󳙙󲺝󲺿󲺲󲺺󲺶󲺲󲺿󲹭󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲺶󲺲󲻀 󳚛󳚚󳞦󳙽󲠭󳚈󳚗󳙾󳚐󳙚
24
󰃸󲹭󲹾󲺆󳞷󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󰨣󲀅󲁄󱎍󳞥󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳞦
󰻡󳞷󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢 3000 󳛷󳜢󳙽 1GW󳞥󳛝󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󳚜󱓇󰗽󳙚󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽 3GW 󰬮󰿗󳚟󰆺󳚠󳛟󳜘󳜄󳚜󱽓󱘈󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
󰗽󲞤󳚟󳙳󳙵󳚑󳚠󳙙󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚘󰃽󳚟󰧎󲑥󳙽󱣧󳚀󳚑󳚾󳙷󳞥󰃸 󲹿󲹽󳞦󳙚
󳚙󳚠󳙵󳙹󳙙󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󰩆󰬰󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚘󰨣󳚈󳙵󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳙽󲎮󰐯󳚈󳚗󳙙󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓
󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟󰉉󰳾󳙽󲎮󳛄󳚘󳙵󳚀󳙚
󱇪󳚜󰻡󱓁󳚊󳚪󳙾󱄍󳚠󳙙󰼗󰔅󱚍󳚟󳜌󳜙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛣󳛲󳛷󳙙󳛕󳛖󳛾󳜫󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚗󳙙󰼗󰔅󱚍
󳚟󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰉉󰳾󳙽󲎮󳛄󳚘󳙾󳚐󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳛪󳜚󳚙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󲁠󳚠󰠿
󲇉󳙽󰐂󳚛󳚀󳚗󰾎󳚰󳙙󲁠󳛃󰎗󰟣󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚯󳚘󳚟󳜙󳜫󳛸󳛮󳛓󳜏󳚳󱕘󳙵󳙚
󰃸 20󳞷󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󱾨󲎡󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚜󳙻󳚂󳚼󰃽󰃽󳚟󰸻󱊂󳞥2024 󰕛9󰬗󳞦
󳞷 BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV 󳆖 updated September 24, 2024.
25
󱝉 󲺁 󱜗󳞷󲹭󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󰉉󰳾󳚟󰠎󰸢󳙽󰇲󳙹󳚼
1. 󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳙽󳛢󳛨󳛷󳚘󱫀󳚜
󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚟󰐀󲒿󳚠 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜 󲹾󲺁󲹾󲹾󲺔󲺤 󳚜󲏊󳚈󳚐󳙚󰘬󳚆󳚺󳚜󰐀󳙽󲎠
󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚀
53
󳙚󰃽󲜠󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰵖󲚖󳞥󲺖󲺒󲺎󳞦󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲹾󲹽 󰬗󳚜󱽓󳚈󳚐󳙣󲺤󲺼󲺿󲺹󲺱󲹭 󲺒󲺻󲺲󲺿󲺴󲻆󲹭 󲺜󲻂󲻁󲺹󲺼󲺼󲺸󳙤
󳚜󳚹󳚼󳚙󳙙󲹿󲹽󲺂󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳚠󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚟󱢝󱚻󰐀󲒿󳙽 󲹾 󲺃󲹽󲹽󲹽󲺔󲺤 󳙼󳚺 󲹿 󲹿󲹽󲹽󲹽󲺔󲺤
󱚍󰕹󳚯󳚘󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󲀃󲎜󳚈󳚘󳙳󳚼
54
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚟󲀅󰴮󰡲󰉒󳚜󳚔󳚗󳙙󰶿󲛸󳜪󱕻󰤧󳙙󳙳󳚼󳙵󳚠󱍾󰾎󳚰󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚
󳙽󰚕󲎠󳚜󰇲󳙹󳚗󳙵󳚀
55
󲹭󳙚󳚎󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰃨󳙙󲁨󰨠󳙙󱋏󳙙󰧖󳙙󳜙󳜕󳜫󳛨󳙙󳜙󳛤󳛓
󳛞󳜚󳚟󱢭󳚰󳛃󲚅󱑯󳚈󳚗󰬒󲏛󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󳛀󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󰭇󰨒󳛃󲇉󰿜󳚜󲋠󰤏󳚊󳚼
󰙓󱿼󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󰖌󰱁󳚊󳚼󰨪󰻓󳚙󰸻󳚪󳚗󳙙󰙁󱌵󰅛󱢳󰾎󳚜󲆪󱉊󳚈󳚗󳙙󱌵󰇤󲞤󳚟󲆱󳛃󰭾󳚐󳚊󳚄󳚙
󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚼
56
󳙚
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚘󳙾󳚽󳚡󳙙󲕂󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󲇉󰿜󳙽󲛩󳚺󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󰭇󰨒󳚟󲃋󲏊󳚟󰀆󲡀󳛃󱤧
󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚘󱍶󱍹󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󰭇󰨒󳛃󱍾󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡
󳚟󰗪󳚜󳚳󳚕󳚛󳙽󳚼
57
󳙚
󱋏󳜪󰧖󳚘󳙾󳚛󳙵󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚠󱍾󳛃󱢫󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙽󳙙󳚎󳚽󳚘󳚳󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚠󱫀
󳚑
58
󳙚󳚐󳚑󳚈󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚠󰠰󱽂󱑸󳚜󱾮󲝈󳚘󳙙󱒩󳛃󳚃󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳙵󱈈󰻄
󳚜󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳚊󳚪󳚗󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳛤󳛓󳛩󳚠󳚉󳚘󳚠󳚛󳚀󳙙󳛀󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󰠰󱽂󳙙󰳴󰟣󳙙󱈈󰝣󳙽
󱎸󳚛󳚼
59
󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜󱋈󰄟󳚟󰉕󲜈󳜀󳛼󳜚󳚠󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳛃󰤇󳚜󲁠󲁄󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚛󳙵󳙚󱨰󰚗󳚙󰚗󱫀
󳛃󲥸󳚲󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󳛤󳜢󳛸󳛓󳛲󳛰󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󰳴󲎡󳚘󰏳󳜪󰏇󲚃󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󰭇󰨒󳚅󳚙󳚜󲀯
󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚱󳚋󳙼󳚈󳙵󳙚
󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚠󱮂󱑸󳚜󰠎󰲸󳚘󰊿󳚲󳚼󳙚󳛠󳜫󳜅󳜚󳙙󰣬󱣧󱞞󳙙󳜄󳜛󳜫󳜏󳛃󳚻󰉆
󳚌󳚡󳙙󲕂󳚵󳛑󳜚󳜎󳛺󳛕󳜏󳛃󳚻󳚊󳚄󳚙󳙽󳚘󳙾󳚼
60
󳙚󰷀󳚜󳙙󳚎󳚟󳚬󳙼󳚟󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳞥󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢
󳜢󳜪󳜈󳜫󳛨󳚟󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰆺󳚜󳚠󳛛󳜘󳛨󳙙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳙙󲕀󳚛󳚚󳞦󳛃󲝔󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󲺀 󱚡󲡏󳚟
󱎸󳚛󳚼󱋏󰨪󰻓󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚󰵖󰰵󱋏󳙙󱅶󱋏󳙙󰍼󱋏󳚘󳙙󳚎󳚽󳚏󳚽󲙸󰠅󳚙󱕘󰠅󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰵖󰰵󱋏󳚠󰉕󲜈󳜀󳛼󳜚󳛃󱢞󰨠󳚈󳚗󳙙󱠫󱕬󳜪󳚊󳚼
61
󲹭󳙚󰩅󰍲󳚟󰨠󲁠󳛃󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚜󱟧󳚜󰙣󱍾󳚘󳙾󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󰬒󳚳󰉉󳚀󰣨󱍾󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼󰨪󰻓󳚘󳙳󳚼
62
󲹭󳙚 󳚈
󳙼󳚈󰵖󰰵󱋏󳚘󰘴󳚺󳚽󳚼󱇡󲇢󳚠󱢈󰕹󳙽󳚆󳚬󳚚󲥸󳚀󳚛󳚀󳙙󱢳󰾎󳙽󳚀󳚛󳚔󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󰆺󳙽
󰉉󳙵󳙚
󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚜󰏱󳚈󳚗󳚠󳙙󳛸󳛓󳛳󳚟 󲺟󲺲󲺶󲺹󲺶󲺻󲺴 󱘌󳚟󰵖󰰵󱋏󰨪󰻓󳙽󱍾󳚆󳚽󳚗
󳙵󳚗󳙙󰠎󱫀󳚛󰠰󱽂󳚘󳚠󰬒󲥸󳜛󳜈󳜚󳚜󳙳󳚼󳙚󰟣󱅮󰕹󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󳙙󲝢󰼹󲆾󳚟󱄍󳚘󰆗󰿞󳚜
󳚛󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼
63
󲹭󳙚󳚄󳚟󱋏󰨪󰻓󳚘󳚠󳛛󳜘󳛨󳛃󱍶󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙽󳙙󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚙󲕀󳛃󱍶󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳚠󳚘󳙾
󳚛󳙵󳞥󰃸 󲹿󲹾󳞦󳙚
26
󰃸 21󳞷Reiling 󱘌󳚟󰵖󰰵󱋏󳚘󱍶󳚈󳚐󳛛󳜘󳛨󱾨
󳞷 International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, Advances in Photovoltaic Module Recycling
Literature Review and Update to Empirical Life Cycle Inventory Data and Patent Review (June 2024).
󱅶󱋏󳚟󰆺󳚜󳚠󳙙󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳛃󲝔󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󲺀󲹽󲹽󳟻󲺃󲺂󲹽󳇾󳚟󰾣󰕹󳚘󱅶
󲀯󳚊󳚼
64
󲹭󳙚󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚵󲕀󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󲆸󲒽󳚛󱿼󱢓󳛃󱍶󳚊󳚼󳙷󳙹󳚘󰬘󳚛󰨪󰻓󳚑󳙽󳙙󰉒󲒿󳚟󳛗󳛼
󳜚󳛝󳜫󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚻󳙙󰬘󰎷󱇡󲇢󳛃󰣝󳚈󳚗󳚈󳚯󳙷󳙚
󰍼󱋏󳚘󳚠󰳴󰟣󱿼󱢓󳛃󲝔󳚊󳚼󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󰬘󰵖󰿱󳚙󱄴󰵖󲒀󳛃󳙷
65
󲹭󳙚󳚄󳚟󰨪󰻓󳚳󲆸󲒽󳚛
󱿼󱢓󳛃󱍶󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙽󳙙󳛢󳛨󳛷󳙽󲥸󳚀󳙙󰍼󰖌󰱁󱇡󳚜󱾮󲝈󳚛󱋏󳙽󰙓󱿼󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙚
󳚙󳚠󳙵󳙹󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚜󲚖󳚈󳚗󳙙󰬨󱑸󳚛󲀃󲎜󳚈󳚠󰩣󳚼󳙵󳙚󰘲󰭗󳚠󱋏󲒿󳙽󰐂󳚛
󳚊󳙿󳚐󳚐󳚲󳚜󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󱇪󳚈󳚐󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󰠰󱽂󳚟󲚅󱑯󳚜󰉉󲡁󳚟󰠿󲇉󳛃󰎨󱼽󳚘󳙾󳚼󱈈
󰻄󳚜󳚠󳚛󳙼󳚔󳚐
66
󳙚
󰘬󳚠󰔘󰆺󳙽󰬤󳚯󳚈󳙵󲀅󰴮󳚜󰡲󰉒󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽󲀃󲍙󳚲󳚼󳚐󳚲󳙙󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󰲸󱨦󳙽󲞪󰨣󱑸
󳚛󰏱󱝨󳚜󰻡󳚊󳚼󳚹󳙷󳚜󳚛󳚔󳚐󳙚󰎨󲁪󰸢󲜖󳚜󳙳󳚼󲎮󱑸󳚛󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󱋏󳚜󳚠󳙙󳚆󳚯󳚇󳚯󳚛
󱋏󰨪󰻓󳛃󱢭󳚰󳛀󳚌󳚗󳙙󱍶󳚊󳚼󱇡󲇢󳚟󲇢󳛃󰧖󰀠󳚊󳚼󰨪󰻓󳙽󳙳󳚼
67
󳙚󲍧󳙵󳙷󳚒󳚜󰬒
󳚟󱍾󳜆󳜘󳜢󳛷󳙽󲏁󲋠󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚊󳚼󲀃󲍙󳚰󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰧜󰕴󳚜󳚹󳚼󲀅󳚳󰲸󱨦󳚟󳚻󱢭󳚰󳛃󲎮󰐯󳚆󳚌󳚼󳙚󳚄󳚽󳚯󳚘󱎛󰃽󳚟󰧜󰕴󳚠󰉕󲜈󱑯
󲝢󳚟󰐀󳛃󳚈󳚗󳙾󳚐󳙚󳚹󳙷󳚵󳚀󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳙽󰻡󱓁󳛃󲝀󳚲󰊿󳚲󳚐󰸢󲜖󳚑󳙚
󰬒󳚜󲀅󳚜󳚻󳚈󳚐󳚟󳚠 󲺒󲺢 󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳙣󲝢󰹝󲝢󰍫󰖌󰱁󱇡󰢇󳞥󲺤󲺮󲻀󲻁󲺲󲹭 󲺒󲺹󲺲󲺰󲻁󲺿󲺶󲺰󲺮󲺹󲹭 󲺮󲺻󲺱󲹭
󲺒󲺹󲺲󲺰󲻁󲺿󲺼󲺻󲺶󲺰󲹭 󲺒󲺾󲻂󲺶󲺽󲺺󲺲󲺻󲻁󲹭 󲺑󲺶󲺿󲺲󲺰󲻁󲺶󲻃󲺲󳞦󳙤󳛃 󲹿󲹽󲹾󲹿 󰕛󳚜󰧖󰎤󳚈󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󱑯󲝢󳚜󱇪󳚈󳚐󲀅󳛃󲁠
󳚂󳙙󳚊󳚪󳚗󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳛃󱧰󳚖󳚂󳚐
68
󲹭󳙚 󲺒󲺢 󳚟󰆇󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑
󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳛃󲁠󱧉󳚈󳚐󱍶󱍹󱨦󳚯󳚐󳚠󲆮󰈯󱨦󳚠󳙙󲁠󱧉󳚈󳚐󱾨󳚟󰃨󳜪󱋏󳚜󲆱󳛃󰢃󳚐󳚛󳚀
󳚗󳚠󳚛󳚺󳚛󳙵󳙚
27
󱠠󰃽󳚘󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󰲸󱨦󳚠 󲺖󲺟󲺎 󳚜󳚹󳚼󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󱚐󲡁󰣮󲛷
󳚟󳛨󳛜󳜫󳜏󳛃󲏛󱍾󳚘󳙾󳚼
69
󳙚󳚄󳚟󳛨󳛜󳜫󳜏󳚟󳚳󳚙󳙙󲺠󲺜󲺙󲺎󲺟󲺐󲺦󲺐󲺙󲺒 󱘌󳚠 󲺃󲺁󲹽󲹽 󳛸󳜚󳚟󰟣󳛃
󳚂󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󳜀󳛼󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳚙󳛛󳜘󳛨󳛃󱾨󲎡󳚊󳚼󳜆󳜘󳜢󳛷󳚟󰖴󲁠󳛃 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺁 󰬗󳚜󱑯
󱽓󳚈󳚐
70
󳙚󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛󳚜󳜆󳜘󳜢󳛷󳚟󰖴󲁠󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈󳚗󳙙󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺃 󰕛󳚜󱚭󳚊󳚼󰎤󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰃽󳚘󳚠󳙙󰃽󰎺󱑯󰐯󰧖󲞪󰋅󲹭󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚯󳚘󳚜󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳛃󰎤󱓵󳚆󳚌󳚼󳚄󳚙
󳛃󱓁󰴧󳚜󰣷󳚃󳚗󳙙󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󰏴󲙼󳚟󱍹󰲸󳛃󱖽󱜈󳚆󳚌󳚼
71
󲹭󳙚󳚎󳚽󳚙󳛀󳚌󳚗󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱾨
󲎡󱨦󳚜󳚠󱍾󰾎󳚰󳚟󰵖󰂟󳚟󳚻󰠦󳙵󳛃󱧰󳚖󳚂󳚗󳙙󰅺󱜈󰄦󳚘󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙󳛃󲂧󳚲󳚛󳙵󳙚
󰩆󰬰󳚘󳚠󳙙󱍾󰬨󲛩󳚜󲏊󳚈󳚐󰉕󲜈󳜀󳛼󳜚󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳛃󱧰󳚖󳚂󳚼󰻓󰘫󳛃󰲉󲁇󳚑
72
󲹭󳙚
󰩊󳚂󳚽󳚡 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺂 󰕛󳚜󳚳󰃽󳚜󰤇󳚊󳚼󲀃󲍙󳚰󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󳚊󳚘󳚜󳛗󳛻󳜪󳜃󳜫󳜪󳛦󳜫󳞥󰵖󰰵󱋏󳞦󳚵
󰨣󱲜󱅶󰔅󰲸󳞥󱅶󱋏󳞦󳚛󳚚󳙽󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󰲸󳛃󰎨󰨬󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󳚄󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚜󰃽󳚘󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳙽󲎮󳛄󳚘󳙵󳚂󳚡󳙙󱎛󳚘󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚟
󰉉󰳾󳚜󳚕󳚛󳙽󳚼󳙚
2. 󰬨󰘦󳙽󰉒󳙾󳙵󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰘬
󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚠󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚜󰍲󳚈󲏄󳙿󳚗󳙵󳚼󳚟󳙽󱋈󱈈󳚑󳙚󰃽
󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳜓󳜫󳙽󰄞󱑸󳚜󰗪󳙵󳙚󳚎󳚟󱄍󳚘󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󱑰󰆺󳚠󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚟
󰉉󰳾󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󰬨󰘦󳙽󰉒󳙾󳙵󳙚󰃽󰉆󳚟󰃽󳙽󱾨󲎡󲞤󳚘󱼽󳚊󳚼󰙓󱿼󳙽󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳚈󳙼󳚈󱋈󰄟󳚟󳚙󳚄󳚾󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚟󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳚘󳚳󰃽󳙽󱼽󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙚
󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺀 󰕛󳚜󰃽󳚟󰨣󱭧󰲸󳙽 󲹾󲹽󲹽󲺚󲺤󳞥󳜐󳛛󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞺󲹾󲹽󲹽󲹽 󳛜󳜜󳜞󳛲󳛷󳞦󱢎󳚟󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳛃󲚅󰊿󳚈
󳚐
73
󳙚󳚆󳚺󳚜 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛󰬯󳚯󳚘󳚜󳙙󰃽󳚘 󲺔󲺤 󱢎󳚟󱍶󱍹󳛦󳛨󳛵󳜏󳛃󱖽󱜈󳚊󳚼󳚻󱢭󳚰󳙽󲎮
󳛄󳚘󳙵󳚼󳙚󰃽󳚠󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󳚘󰘬󱑯󳚜󳚳󳙼󳙼󳛀󳚺󳚋󳙙󳚄󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󲎮󰐯󳚠
󲥌󳚀󳚪󳙾󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󱍶󱍹󳚊󳚼󰃽󰲸󳚟󰉒󳚠󳛛󳜘󳛨󰆗󰭩󳛮󳛓󳜆󳛃󰣨󱍾󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼
74
󲹭󳙚
󰃽󳚘󳚠󰖴󱞰󱇡󳚜󲁠󱧉󳚊󳚼󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚹󳚻󳚳󰄦󲁠󱧉󳚟󳜆󳜜󳛧󳛖󳛞󳛷󳚟󲝣󱿼󳚟󳚬󳙷󳙽󰉉󳙵
󳙼󳚺󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚
󰏱󱅘󱑸󳚜󰩆󰬰󳚘󳚠󳙙󰬨󳚟󰸢󲜖󳚘󳚠󳜄󳛒󳜚󳜏󰆗󰭩󳛮󳛓󳜆󳚟󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰣨󱍾
󳙽󲀃󲍙󳚯󳚽󳚗󳙵󳚼
75
󳙚󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚟󲋮󲒿󳚘󰮣󲋟󳚛󱄍󳛃󱍶󳙼󳚊󳚐󳚲󳚑󳙚󰘲󳚔󳚗󰗽󲞤󳚟󳙳󳙵
󳚑󳙙󰃽󳚙󰩆󰬰󳚟󱜨󲚖󳚠󱓅󰣬󱑸󳚘󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚
󰃽󳚙󰩆󰬰󳚠󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰉒󲒿󱍶󱍹󳚜󲍧󳚖󳙵󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳚙󱠠󰃽󳚠󱑸
󲇉󲓁󳙽󲈫󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚗󳙙󳚯󳚑󰬨󳚟󲚅󱑯󰸢󲜖󳚜󳙳󳚼󳚙󳚰󳚺󳚽󳚼󳞥󰷃󰓿󳚙󱠠󰃽󳚟󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚜󲚖󳚊󳚼󰜀󰆸󳚠󰐂󳚛󳙵󳞦󳙚
28
󱽓5󳞷󰃽󰲸󳚜󳚹󳚼󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀
󰲸
󱚭
󰖴󲁠
( )󳚠󱚭󲚅󰊿󰕛
󱑯󱽓󰾎󳚰
󰆗󰭩
Wonder Solar
200 MW/󰕛
1,200 MW/󰕛
(2025)
3,600 MW/󰕛
󳛛󳜘󳛨
UtmoLight
150 MW/󰕛
1,000 MW/󰕛
(2024)
0
󳛛󳜘󳛨
Renshine Solar
150 MW/󰕛
0
0
󳛛󳜘󳛨
GCL Optoelectronic
Materials
100 MW/󰕛
1,000 MW/󰕛
(2025)
1,000 MW/󰕛
󳛛󳜘󳛨
Microquanta
100 MW/󰕛
1,000 MW/󰕛
(2024)
0
󳛛󳜘󳛨
HETE Photo
Electricity
100 MW/󰕛
0
0
󳛛󳜘󳛨
DaZheng
0
100 MW/󰕛
(2024-25)
0
󳜄󳛒󳜚󳜏
󲁄
800 MW/󰕛
4,300 MW/󰕛
4,600 MW/󰕛
󳞷󲺚󲺶󲻁󲻀󲻂󲺶󲹭󲹳󲹭󲺐󲺼󲹻󲹭󲺔󲺹󲺼󲺯󲺮󲺹󲹭󲺠󲻁󲺿󲺮󲻁󲺲󲺴󲺶󲺰󲹭󲺠󲻁󲻂󲺱󲺶󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺖󲺻󲻀󲻁󲺶󲻁󲻂󲻁󲺲󲹹󲹭󲺐󲺵󲺶󲺻󲺮󲹭󲺎󲺱󲻃󲺮󲺻󲺰󲺲󲻀󲹭󲻁󲺼󲹭󲺔󲺤󲹺󲺠󲺰󲺮󲺹󲺲󲹭󲺚󲺮󲻀󲻀󲹭󲺝󲺿󲺼󲺱󲻂󲺰󲻁󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺼󲺳󲹭󲺝󲺲󲺿󲺼󲻃󲻀󲺸󲺶󲻁󲺲󲹭
󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿󲹭󲺐󲺲󲺹󲺹󲻀󲹭󳆘󲹭󲺎󲺶󲺺󲻀󲹭󲻁󲺼󲹭󲺒󲻅󲺰󲺲󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺀󲹽󲹲󲹭󲺐󲺼󲺻󲻃󲺲󲺿󲻀󲺶󲺼󲺻󲹭󲺒󲺳󲺳󲺶󲺰󲺶󲺲󲺻󲺰󲻆󲹭󲻄󲺶󲻁󲺵󲹭󲺡󲺮󲺻󲺱󲺲󲺺󲹭󲺐󲺲󲺹󲺹󲻀󲹭󲹵󲺗󲻂󲺹󲻆󲹭󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁󲹶󲹻
󳚎󳙷󳚈󳚐󳚘󱰆󰃽󳚟 󲺜󲻅󲺳󲺼󲺿󲺱󲹭󲺝󲺣 󱘌󳙽󳛸󳛓󳛳󳚜󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󰔅󰆺󳛃󰕛󲚌 󲺂󲹽󲺚󲺤
󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳚘󱚭󳚆󳚌󳚐
76
󲹭󳙚󱘌󳚠󳚲󳚗󳚟󱍾󲆮󰈯󳛃󱠠󰃽󳚟󲡔󰎩󳚂󳚜󲚅󰊿󳚊󳚼󳚄󳚙
󳛃 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺆 󰬗󳚜󱑯󱽓󳚈󳚐
77
󳙚
󱠠󰃽󳚘󳚠󰨣󱭧󰲸󳚟 󲺠󲻄󲺶󲺳󲻁󲹭 󲺠󲺼󲺹󲺮󲺿 󱘌󳙽󰕛󲚌 󲹾󲹽󲹽󲺚󲺤 󳚟󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛪󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡
󱫀󳛃󰢃󳚕󰔅󰆺󳛃 󲹿󳟻󲺀 󰕛󳚜󰖴󲁠󳚊󳚼󲁄󱎍󳚘󳙳󳚼󳚄󳚙󳙽 󲹿󲹽󲹿󲺁 󰕛 󲺃 󰬗󳚜󰆸󳚆󳚽󳚐
78
󳙚
󳚆󳚺󳚜󰕛 󲹾󲹽 󰬗󳚜󳚠󳙙󰃽󱜈󱍶󱫀󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󱕫󱛓󰠅󳞥󲺛󲺟󲺒󲺙󳞦󳚙󱾮󰧹󳚟󰉒󰍼󳙽󰲸
󳚟󳙣󲺢󲺠󲹺󲺚󲺎󲺝󳞥󲺢󲺻󲺶󲻁󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺠󲻁󲺮󲻁󲺲󲻀󲹭󲺚󲺮󲺻󲻂󲺳󲺮󲺰󲻁󲻂󲺿󲺶󲺻󲺴󲹭󲺼󲺳󲹭󲺎󲺱󲻃󲺮󲺻󲺰󲺲󲺱󲹭󲺝󲺲󲺿󲺼󲻃󲻀󲺸󲺶󲻁󲺲󲻀󳞦󳙤󳛃󲁠󱜈󳚈󳚐󳙚󱠠󰃽
󳚘󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰠰󱽂󳚟󱍾󳛃󲎠󳚆󳚌󳚗󳙙󰃽󳞥󰃽󳙙󰩆󰬰󳞦󳚙󳚟󱜨󳚜󲆨󳚂󳚛󳙵󳚹
󳙷󳚜󳚻󱢭󳚰󳛃󰚕󳚁󰙓󱿼󳙽󳙳󳚼󳚙󲁤󳙹󳚗󳙵󳚼
79
󳙚󲹭
29
󳙻󳛀󳚻󳚜
󳚄󳚽󳙼󳚺 󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚀󳚺󳙵󳚯󳚘󳚠󳙙󰃽󰃽󳛃󰙑󳚜󳙙󰃽󳚟󳜐󳜫󳛚󳜫󳙽󱎛󳚟󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟
󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰧎󲑥󳚊󳚼󳚑󳚾󳙷󳙚󳚈󳙼󳚈󱠠󰃽󳙙󰷃󰓿󳙙󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳙙󳛓󳜢󳛸󳚘󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢
󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳜑󳛧󳜔󳜫󳜚󳚟󱾨󲎡󱫀󳙽󰉉󰳾󳚈󳚗󳙙󱎛󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳚠󰆡󱇝󳚜󳚛󳚻󳚕󳚕
󳙳󳚼󳙚
󲹿󲹽󲺀󲹽 󰕛󳚜󳚠󳙙󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜙󳛤󳛓󳛞󳜚󳙽󲎮󳚰󳙙󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚛󳚚󳚟󰨣󳚈󳙵󰠰󱽂
󳙽󰕩󳚀󰣨󱍾󳚆󳚽󳚼󳚹󳙷󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙚󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󲚅󱑯󳚘󳚠󳙙󰃽󳞥󳛛󳜘󳛨󰆗󰭩󳞦󳚙󰩆
󰬰󳞥󳜄󳛒󳜚󳜏󰆗󰭩󳞦󳙽󱼽󳚈󳚗󳙵󳚼󳙽󳙙󱎛󳚟󳛤󳜆󳜘󳛓󳛰󳛖󳜫󳜢󳛃󰉉󰳾󳚊󳚼󰵖󳚠󳚆󳚺󳚜
󰇲󳙹󳚗󳙵󳚀󳙚
󳚄󳚟󳚹󳙷󳚛󲎮󰐯󳚜󳚹󳚔󳚗󳙙󱎛󳚟󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡󳙽󰗪󳚆󳚽󳚗󳙙󰬤󳚱󳚪󳙾󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫
󲋠󰤏󳚟󲎠󳛃󳚳󳚐󳚺󳚊󳚄󳚙󳚜󳚛󳚼󳙚
󰩆󰬰󳚜󳙻󳙵󳚗󳚠󳙙󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󳚟󰐀󳜌󳛵󳜢󳛦󳜒󳜚󳛃󰷨󳚈󳚀󲁼󳚈󳚛󳙵󳚯󳚯󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳚜
󰻡󳚊󳚼󰟴󱎯󳛃󰷨󳚊󳚪󳙾󳚘󳙳󳚼󳙚󰘬󳜉󳜜󳜅󳛨󳛚󳛓󳛷󳙽󰟣󱅮󳚊󳚼󳚯󳚘󳚟󳙳󳙵󳚑󳙙󰉒󲒿󳚜
󰸈󳚔󳚗󳙵󳚼󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳚟󳜌󳛵󳜢󳛦󳜒󳜚󳛃󰼒󱍾󳚈󳚛󳙵󱋏󱎅󳚠󳚛󳙵󳙚
󳚐󳚙󳙹󱢷󰪸󳛦󳜙󳛢󳜢󰉕󲜈󲝢󰺆󳛃󰩆󰬰󰃽󳚘󳙙󰩆󰬰󳚟󰲸󳙽󱾨󲎡󳚈󳚛󳙵󳚙󳚈󳚗󳚳󳙙󰃽󳚑󳚂󳚘
󳚠󳚛󳚀󰭟󳛑󳛧󳛑󳚵󳛓󳜢󳛸󳙼󳚺󲌛󳚊󳚼󰎔󳚛󱾨󳛃󳙷󳚄󳚙󳚘󳙙󲝢󰹝󰨒󲓁󳛃󳚆󳚌󳙙󰾣
󰎫󰭾󳛛󳛨󳛃󰾗󳚈󳙙󰃽󳚟󳛗󳛼󳜚󳛝󳜫󰎔󲜡󳚳󰗪󳚘󳙾󳚼󳙚
30
󱨤󰨆󱉊
1
Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2024 (June 2024).
2
International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2024 (October 2024).
3
BloombergNEF, Levelized Cost of Electricity 2023-H2 (December 2023) [subscription required].
4
BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV updated September 24, 2024 (accessed October 9, 2024)
[subscription required].
5
BloombergNEF, Solar Supply Chain Index, September 2024: Negative-Sum Game (October 2024) [subscription
required].
6
BloombergNEF, Solar Cell and Module Efficiency Improves Steadily (October 2023) [subscription required].
7
The World Economic Forum, Visualizing the Abundance of Elements in the Earth’s Crust December 14, 2021
(accessed October 8, 2024).
8
BloombergNEF, op. cit. note 4.
9
International Energy Agency, Special Report on Solar PV Global Supply Chains (July 2022).
10
BloombergNEF, op. cit. note 5.
11
Ibid.
12
Ibid.
13
BloombergNEF, Equipment Manufacturers: PV Exports and Imports updated October 21, 2024 (accessed
November 7, 2024) [subscription required].
14
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 9.
15
Ibid.
16
Ibid.
17
International Energy Agency, Electricity 2024: Analysis and Forecast to 2026 (January 2024).
18
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 9.
19
Ibid.
20
Ibid.
21
Ibid.
22
BloombergNEF, Bimonthly PV Index November 2023: Every Cent Counts (November 2023) [subscription
required].
23
Sheffield Hallam University, In Broad Daylight: Uyghur Forced Labor and Global Solar Supply Chains (May 2021).
24
Sheffield Hallam University, Over-Exposed (November 2023).
25
Ibid.
26
PV Magazine, Solar Panel Import Tariffs Increase US Module Prices by up to 286% June 10, 2024 (accessed
October 17, 2024).
27
United States Department of Commerce, Department of Commerce Issues Final Determination of
Circumvention Inquiries of Solar Cells and Modules from China August 18, 2023 (accessed October 17, 2024)
28
BloombergNEF, op. cit. note 5.
29
The White House, Building a Clean Energy Economy: A Guidebook to the Inflation Reduction Act’s Investments
in Clean Energy and Climate Action (January 2023).
30
Environmental Defense Fund and Deloitte, IRA Activation Guide: Advanced Manufacturing (May 2023).
31
Ibid.
32
United States Department of Energy, Federal Tax Credits for Solar Manufacturers (accessed October 21, 2024).
33
Ibid.
34
BloombergNEF, ‘Made in US’ Solar Ambitions Can’t Shake China’s Influence (March 2024) [subscription
required].
35
BloombergNEF, op. cit. note 4.
36
European Commission, EU Solar Energy Strategy (May 2022).
37
Ibid.
38
International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2024 (July 2024).
39
European Solar PV Industry Alliance, Homepage (accessed October 22, 2024).
40
Mr. Draghi, Presentation of the Report on the Future of European Competitiveness September 17, 2024
(accessed October 22, 2024).
41
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Perovskite Solar Cells: The Key to the Future Expansion of
Renewable Energy in Japan. Part 1: Differences from Conventional Solar Cells February 9, 2024 (accessed
October 28, 2024).
31
42
United States Department of the Interior United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries
2024 (January 2024).
43
United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Interactive Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart
updated October 29, 2024 (accessed October 29, 2024).
44
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Next-Generation Solar Cell Strategy (November 2024) (in
Japanese).
45
BloombergNEF, op. cit. note 3.
46
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, R&D and Social Implementation Plan Formulated for "Next-
Generation Solar Cell Development" Projects (October 2021).
47
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Perovskite Solar Cells: The Key to the Future Expansion of
Renewable Energy in Japan. Part 2: Efforts toward Early Public Implementation February 16, 2024 (accessed
October 29, 2024).
48
Ibid.
49
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, op. cit. note 44.
50
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 9.
51
Ibid.
52
Ibid.
53
International Renewable Energy Agency, op. cit. note 38.
54
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 2.
55
International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, Advances in Photovoltaic Module
Recycling Literature Review and Update to Empirical Life Cycle Inventory Data and Patent Review (June 2024).
56
Ibid.
57
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 2.
58
International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, op. cit. note 55.
59
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 9.
60
Ibid.
61
American Chemical Society, How to Improve Solar Panel Recycling October 18, 2024 (accessed November 8,
2024).
62
International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, op. cit. note 55.
63
Ibid.
64
American Chemical Society, op. cit. note 61.
65
Ibid.
66
International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, op. cit. note 55.
67
Ibid.
68
International Energy Agency, op. cit. note 9.
69
The White House, op. cit. note 29.
70
SOLARCYCLE, SOLARCYCLE Receives Clean Energy Investments from Biden Administration’s Inflation
Reduction Act April 19, 2024 (accessed November 11, 2024).
71
PV Tech, China to Build Solar Recycling System by 2025 August 21, 2023 (accessed November 11, 2024).
72
Nikkei Asia, Japan Eyes Recycling Mandate for Solar Panels June 12, 2024 (accessed November 11, 2024).
73
Mitsui & Co. Global Strategic Studies Institute, China Advances to GW-Scale Mass Production of Perovskite
Solar Cells ― Aims to Exceed 30% Conversion Efficiency with Tandem Cells (July 2024).
74
Ibid.
75
Ibid.
76
SolarPower Europe, #MakeSolarEU: Oxford PV's Role in Reshoring Solar Manufacturing to Europe February
2, 2024 (accessed November 12, 2024).
77
Oxford PV, 20% More Powerful Tandem Solar Panels Enter Commercial Use for the First Time in the US
September 5, 2024 (accessed November 12, 2024).
78
BloombergNEF, US Startup Seeks to Build Next-Gen Solar Factory in Two Years (2) June 13, 2024 (accessed
November 12, 2024) [subscription required].
79
United States Manufacturing of Advanced Perovskites, Statement on Perovskite PV Ecosystem Needs (October
2024).
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