VISUAL TOOLS FOR FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PDF Free Download
1 / 18
/18
100%
VISUAL TOOLS FOR FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
PRODUCTS
MANUEL IGNACIO CANDO DÍAZ1, KATHERINE LISSETTE ROMERO VÁSQUEZ1, DANIEL ADRIÁN CORTEZ TUNJA1,
BRADEN ANTHONY AMAYA VILLAGRAN1
1State University of Milagro, Ecuador
KEYWORDS
Food$
Biotechnological$
Nutritional$Traffic$Light$
Food$Safety$$
Nutritional$Labeling$$
ABSTRACT
Visual$tools$in$food$safety$assessment$with$nutrition$labeling$are$a$crucial$
approach$to$facilitate$consumers'$understanding$of$nutrition$information.$
These$tools$include$labeling$systems$such$as$the$nutrition$traffic$light$or$
warning$ front$ labels,$ as$ well$as$ mobile$ applications$ and$ interactive$
websites.$They$aim$to$simplify$the$interpretation$of$nutrition$information$
and$help$consumers$make$healthier$food$choices.$In$various$contexts,$such$
as$ Ecuador,$ these$ visual$ tools$ play$ a$ vital$ role$ in$ improving$ the$
accessibility$ and$ usefulness$ of$ nutrition$ labeling,$ helping$ to$ promote$
healthier$ eating$ and$ prevent$ diet-related$ diseases.$ Their$ effective$
implementation$and$their$impact$on$public$health$continue$to$be$areas$of$
evolving$research$and$development.$
Received: 12/ 02 / 2024
Accepted: 04/ 07 / 2024
ȁǤͳǡǤ4ǡʹͲʹͶȁʹͻͷǦͻ͵ͳ
Ȁ
IUUQTEPJPSH10.62161/revvisual.v16.5314
152
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
1.#Introduction#
!"#$%%&'()'*!#$+,-'"./'#0/',1'$#+(,2(0#$%'",,%0'(0'+/3%,&/+'()'1,,+'0$1/"&'(0'$)'(43,-"$)"'$03/!"'
,1'3/,3%/50'+$(%&'%(2/06'$0'("'!,)"-(7#"/0'",'"./'+(00/4()$"(,)',1'3-,3/-')#"-("(,)'+(-/!"%&'$11/!"0'
./$%".' $)+' 8/)/-$%' 9/%%:7/()8;' ()' ".(0' !,)"/<"6' 0,!($%(=$"(,)' ".-,#8.' $#+(,2(0#$%' 3-,+#!"0' ,1'
)#"-("(,)'%$7/%0'3%$&'$'!-#!($%'-,%/'()'3-,2(+()8'+/"$(%/+'()1,-4$"(,)',)'"./'!,43,0("(,)'$)+'
>#$%("&',1'"./'1,,+'9/'!,)0#4/?'@A/-)B)+/=:C$2$'/"'$%;6'DEDEF;''
A,9/2/-6'4$)&'!,)0#4/-0',1"/)'1()+'".(0'()1,-4$"(,)'!,)1#0()8',-'+(11(!#%"'",'#)+/-0"$)+;'G,'4//"'
".(0')//+6'?2(0#$%'",,%0'9/-/'+/2/%,3/+'$0'$)'()),2$"(2/'$)+'/11/!"(2/'0,%#"(,)'1,-'$00/00()8'1,,+'0$1/"&'
".-,#8.' )#"-("(,)' %$7/%()8;' G./0/' 2(0#$%' ",,%06' -$)8()8' 1-,4' 0(43%/' 8-$3.(!0' ",' ()"/-$!"(2/' 4,7(%/'
$33%(!$"(,)0?@H$)",0:I)",)(,'/"'$%;6'DEJK7F$-/'+/0(8)/+'",'0(43%(1&'"./'#)+/-0"$)+()8',1')#"-("(,)'$)+'
/)!,#-$8/'!,)0#4/-0'",'4$L/'./$%".&'!.,(!/0;'
M(".'".(0'()'4()+6'"./'!#--/)"'9,-L'1,!#0/0',)'"./'0"#+&'$)+'$)$%&0(0',1'"./'-,%/',1'2(0#$%'",,%0'()'
1,,+'0$1/"&'$00/004/)"6'9(".'$'3$-"(!#%$-'1,!#0',)')#"-("(,)'%$7/%()8;'H/2/-$%'9$&0'()'9.(!.'"./0/'",,%0'
!$)'(43-,2/'"./'$2$(%$7(%("&6'#)+/-0"$)+()8'$)+'#0/1#%)/00',1')#"-("(,)'()1,-4$"(,)'1,-'!,)0#4/-0'9(%%'
7/'/<3%,-/+'@H$)",0:I)",)(,'/"'$%;6'DEJK$F'$0'9/%%'$0'"./(-'(43$!"',)'"./'3-,4,"(,)',1'./$%".(/-'/$"()8'
.$7("0'$)+'"./'3-/2/)"(,)',1'+(/":-/%$"/+'+(0/$0/06'"./'?(43,-"$)!/'$)+'/11/!"(2/)/00',1'2(0#$%'",,%0'()'
1,,+'0$1/"&6'".#0'!-/$"()8'$'0,%(+'1,#)+$"(,)'1,-'1#-"./-'+/2/%,34/)"'$)+'3,%(!(/0'$(4/+'$"'(43-,2()8'
"./'>#$%("&',1')#"-("(,)'()1,-4$"(,)'$2$(%$7%/'",'!,)0#4/-0;?@I%4/(+$6'DEJKF;''
G-$11(!' %(8."0' ,-' ?0/4$3.,-/0?' ?$-/' #0/+' ()' "./' !,#)"-(/0' ,1' "./' *#-,3/$)' N)(,);' O)' "./' N)("/+'
P()8+,46'()'Q$"()'I4/-(!$'0#!.'$0'*!#$+,-;'G.(0'!,)0(0"0',1'$00(8)()8'!,%,-0'",'1,,+0'$!!,-+()8'",'"./'
$4,#)"',1'/)/-8&6')#"-(/)"0'$)+')#"-(/)"0'"./&'!,)"$()?@R(8#/-,$6'DEJSF;'O1'"./'!,)"/)"'(0'.(8.6'?-/+'(0'
#0/+'$)+'4/$)0'50",35',-'%(4("'!,)0#43"(,)6'0(4(%$-'",'$'"-$11(!'%(8."'()0"-#!"(,)?@T,+-(8#/='/"'$%;6'DEJUF;'
G&3(!$%'!,)"/)"0'$-/'0.,9)'()'&/%%,96'4/$)()8'?V$#"(,)W?'I'7/""/-'/<$43%/'9,#%+'7/'4$-L/+'()'8-//)6'
4/$)()8'("'.$0'%(""%/'!,)"/)"'$)+'&,#'!$)'"$L/'$'%(""%/'4,-/;'G./0/'$-/'/<!/%%/)"'",,%0'",'!$3"#-/'"./'
!#0",4/-50'$""/)"(,)'9./)'!.,,0()8'$'3-,+#!"'7$0/+',)'"./'!,%,-'("0/%1;'
I#+(,2(0#$%' ",,%0' .$2/' 7/!,4/' 2$%#$7%/' $%%(/0' ()' ".(0' 3-,!/006' $%%,9()8' "./' (+/)"(1(!$"(,)' $)+'
/2$%#$"(,)',1'3,00(7%/'-(0L0'$00,!($"/+'9(".'"./'()"-,+#!"(,)',1'7(,"/!.),%,8(!$%'3-,+#!"0'()",'"./'1,,+'
!.$();'G.(0'(0'$'8%,7$%'"-/)+'".$"'/4/-8/+'1-,4'"./'3-,!/00',1'/4/-8/)!/'$)+'()"/8-$"(,)',1'()+#0"-($%'
$8-(:1,,+'0&0"/40'".$"'7/8$)'()'"./'4(++%/',1'"./'"9/)"(/".'!/)"#-&'@R-/(-/:X/Y$'./--/-$'Z'V/2$%%,0:
V/2$%%,06' DEJKF'$)+' (0' ),9' /0"(4$"/+' ",' 4,2/' 7(%%(,)0' ,1' +,%%$-0' $))#$%%&;' O)' "./' 3-,!/00' ,1'
!,)0,%(+$"(,)6'("'9$0')/!/00$-&'",'!%,0/',11'3/$0$)"'3-,+#!"(,)6'7&'3.&0(!$%%&',!!#3&()8'"/--(",-(/0;'
O)'*!#$+,-6'%$-8/'1,,+'!,43$)(/0'$-/'9/%%'$9$-/',1'".(0'1$!"6'9.(!.'(0'9.&'()'-/!/)"'&/$-0'?4$-L/"()8'
!$43$(8)0' .$2/' 7//)' +(-/!"/+' $"' "./' 8/)/-$%' 3#7%(!;' I#+(,2(0#$%' ",,%0' !$)' 7/' 2$%#$7%/' $%%(/0' ()' ".(0'
3-,!/006'4$L()8'("'3,00(7%/'",'(+/)"(1&'$)+'/2$%#$"/'"./'3,"/)"($%'-(0L0'$00,!($"/+'9(".'"./'()"-,+#!"(,)'
,1'7(,"/!.),%,8&'3-,+#!"0'()",'"./'1,,+'!.$();?'@G,--/0'/"'$%;6'DED[F;'G./&'$-/'-/$!.()8'$%$-4()8'%/2/%06'
$0'4,0"',1'"./'?$+2/-"(0/+'3-,+#!"0'$-/'7/2/-$8/0'$)+'1,,+0'9(".'%,9')#"-("(,)$%'2$%#/6'-(!.'()'0#8$-6'
0$"#-$"/+'1$"'$)+'0$%"6'$)+'"./-/1,-/'.$-41#%'",'./$%".;'G.(0'(0'$%0,'-/1%/!"/+'()'$'MA\'0&0"/4$"(!'-/2(/96'
9.(!.' 1,#)+' ".$"' "./' 09//"0' $)+' 0#8$-0' 8-,#3' 9$0' "./' 4,0"' 3-,4,"/+6' 1,%%,9/+' 7&' "./' !,!,$'
+/-(2$"(2/06' 1$0"' 1,,+06' 7-/$L1$0"' !/-/$%0' $)+' 3-,+#!"0' 8-,#30;' O"' .$0' 7/!,4/;' !$L/0' $)+' !,,L(/0?'
@A#$%%3$']$%2/=6'DEJ^F;'''
](2/)' ".$"' $' 0(8)(1(!$)"' 3$-"' ,1' "./' ?3,3#%$"(,)' 0#11/-0' 1-,4' !.-,)(!' 4$%)#"-("(,)6' $)/4($6'
4(!-,)#"-(/)"'+/1(!(/)!(/06',2/-9/(8."'$)+',7/0("&'+#/'",'1,,+'()0/!#-("&6'1,,+'0/!#-("&'()'*!#$+,-'(0'$'
4$""/-',1'!,)!/-)?@G("#$Y$'X#/)"/6'DEJKF;'
O)'".(0'-/0/$-!.6'9/'9(%%'$)$%&=/'.,9'"./0/'?$#+(,2(0#$%'",,%0'.$2/'7/!,4/'()+(03/)0$7%/'",'/)0#-/'
1,,+'0$1/"&'()'"./'!,)"/<"',1'7(,"/!.),%,8&6',11/-()8'$'7-,$+'$)+'$!!#-$"/'3/-03/!"(2/'".$"'!,)"-(7#"/0'
",'()1,-4/+'+/!(0(,)'4$L()8'$)+'3#7%(!'./$%".'3-,"/!"(,)?'@G/%%,'/"'$%;6'DEDJF;''
R$!/+'9(".'".(0'0("#$"(,)6'"./'8,2/-)4/)"',1'*!#$+,-'.$0'7/8#)'",'(43%/4/)"'4/$0#-/0'",'()!-/$0/'
1,,+' 0/!#-("&;' G./' I%(4/)"$' *!#$+,-' @I*F' X-,8-$46' ?A,9/2/-6' /11/!"(2/' #)+/-0"$)+()8' ,1' )#"-("(,)'
%$7/%()8'!$)'7/'$'!.$%%/)8/'1,-'4$)&'!,)0#4/-06'/03/!($%%&'".,0/'9(".'%,9'%/2/%0',1')#"-("(,)$%'/+#!$"(,)'
,-'+(11(!#%"(/0'()'()"/-3-/"()8'!,43%/<'"/<"#$%'()1,-4$"(,)?@T#(='_/'%$'V-#=6'DEJUF;'G,'$++-/00'".(0'(00#/'
A"
153
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
$)+'3-,4,"/'./$%".(/-'/$"()86'"./'?#0/',1'2(0#$%'",,%0'()'1,,+'0$1/"&'$00/004/)"'.$0'7/!,4/'$)'$-/$',1'
8-,9()8'()"/-/0"'()'*!#$+,-;''
O"' (0' /0"(4$"/+' ".$"' 1-,)":,1:3$!L' )#"-("(,)' %$7/%()8' 4$L/0' #0/' ,1' ?8-$3.(!' /%/4/)"0' ".$"' 0//L' ",'
()1%#/)!/'"./'3/-!/3"(,)',1'#0/-0;'Q(L/9(0/6'"./'!,44#)(!$"(2/'/11/!"(2/)/00'(0'%()L/+'",'"./'+/0(8)',1'
"./'()1,-4$"(,);'O)'$++("(,)6'("'0.,#%+'7/'),"/+'".$"'"./'$33%(!$"(,)',1'"./'R-,)"'*)+'C#"-("(,)'Q$7/%()8'
H&0"/4'(0'$'-/!/)"'3./),4/),)'()'"./'!,#)"-&6'9.(!.'(0'9.&',)%&'"9,',1'"./')()/'%$7/%0'.$2/'7//)'
0"#+(/+6'9.(%/'"./'/11/!"(2/)/00',1'"./'-/0"',1'"./'%$7/%0'.$0'),"'7//)'0"#+(/+'()'+/"$(%6'),-'.$2/'"./'-/0"'
,1'"./'",,%0'7//)'/2$%#$"/+'7&'#0/-0?'@`/%%/#'Z'H!,=6'DEJKF;'O"'(0'!,)0(+/-/+'".$"'".(0'-/0/$-!.'!$)'?!$#0/'
(43$!"'()'"./'0,!($%'03./-/'+#/'",'"./'1$!"'".$"6'7&'+/"/-4()()8'9.(!.'1-,)"'%$7/%()8'(0'"./'4,0"'/11/!"(2/6'
("' !$)' 7/' #0/+' $0' $' 7$0(0' 1,-' "./' +/2/%,34/)"' $)+' /2,%#"(,)' ,1' "./' 1-,)"' )#"-("(,)$%' %$7/%()8'
0&0"/4?@V$)"#Y$'G/%%,' /"' $%;6'DEDJF;'G./' /<!/00(2/' !,)0#43"(,)' ,1' 3-,!/00/+' 1,,+0'$)+'0#3/-1,,+06'
9.(!.'!$)'%/$+'",'$'%$!L',1'L),9%/+8/'$)+'#)+/-0"$)+()8',1')#"-("(,)'!%$(406'!$)'$%0,'7/'$'0,#-!/',1'
!,)!/-)'@G-/a,'\0"('/"'$%;6'DEDJF;'
M$"/-1(/%+' /"' $%;@DEDEF;' ' T/8$-+()8' "./' 7$!L' )#"-("(,)$%' %$7/%()86' ("' (0' /0"$7%(0./+' ".$"' ("' (0' $'
4$)+$",-&'",,%'".$"6'$0'("0')$4/'()+(!$"/06'(0'$33%(/+',)'"./'7$!L',1'"./'3$!L$8()8'@T,&,'b,-+,)$+$6'
DEDDF;'O)'$++("(,)6'".(0'%$7/%()8'!,)0(0"0',1'$'3$)/%'+/),4()$"/+'$0')#"-("(,)$%'!,43,0("(,)',-'C#"-("(,)'
R$!"0'X$)/%'$)+'"./'%(0"',1'()8-/+(/)"0;'G./'+$"$'3-/0/)"/+'$-/'!$%,-(!'/)/-8&6'1(7/-6'0#8$-6'1$"06'$4,)8'
,"./-0'@b-(",0'/"'$%;6'DEJUF'-/%/2$)"'",'4/)"(,)'".$"6'()'?-/8$-+()8'0"#+(/0'!,)+#!"/+',)'".(0'%$7/%()86'
"./&'3,()"',#"'".$"'"./'()1,-4$"(,)'$33%(/+'()'".(0'%$7/%()8'"#-)0',#"'),"'",'7/'1#%1(%%()8'"./',7a/!"(2/',1'
8#(+()8' #0/-0;' G.(0' 0"$"/4/)"' (0' +#/' ",' "./' 1$!"' ".$"' "./' ",,%' "#-)0' ,#"' ",' 7/' !,43%/<' 1,-' "./'
()"/-3-/"$"(,)',1'#0/-0?'@b-$2,6'DEJcF;'G./-/1,-/6'"./-/' (0'4#!.' !,)"-,2/-0&'()'".(0'$-/$'+#/'",'"./'
3,"/)"($%'-(0L'$00,!($"/+'9(".'"./0/'()),2$"(2/'7(,!./4(!$%'"/!.),%,8(/0;'''''
G./'/2$%#$"(,)',1'"./'1,,+'0$1/"&',1'7(,"/!.'1,,+0'()'*!#$+,-'(0'$)'(43,-"$)"'(00#/'$"'"./'2(0#$%'%/2/%6'
,3"()8'",'4$L/'?#0/',1'8-$3.(!'/%/4/)"0'0#!.'$0'0.$3/06'"&3,8-$3.&6'!,%,-6'(!,)0'$)+'0&47,%0'".$"'$-/'
/$0&'",'()"/-3-/"6'"./-/1,-/6'"./'()1,-4$"(,)'3-,2(+/+'0.,#%+'7/'7-(/1'$)+'+(-/!"'",'$2,(+'!,)1#0(,)'()'
!,)0#4/-0?' @G-(3",%/4,06' DEDDF;' Q(L/9(0/6' 1-,)"' )#"-("(,)' %$7/%()8' !,)0(0"0' ,1' "9,' "&3/0d' 0#44$-&'
%$7/%()8'$)+'03/!(1(!')#"-(/)"'%$7/%()8'@Q$"()'I4/-(!$)'V/)"/-'1,-'T#-$%'_/2/%,34/)"6'DEDDF;'
G,'!$3"#-/'$'4/00$8/'".-,#8.'$'2(0#$%'3(/!/6'"./'$33%(!$"(,)',1'8-$3.(!'/%/4/)"0'(0')/!/00$-&'",'"#-)'
$)'(+/$'()",'0,4/".()8'2(0#$%%&'"$)8(7%/'@V,%%$)"/0'H$)",06'DEJUF;'\)'"./',)/'.$)+6'",'%/$-)'4,-/'$7,#"'
"./'/%/4/)"0',1'/<3-/00(,)6'_e$=:_e$='@DEDJF6'3,()"0',#"'".$"'3,()"6'%()/6'%(8."06'0.$+,90'$)+'"/<"#-/'$-/'
()!%#+/+'()'".(0'+/1()("(,);'A/'$%0,'3,()"0',#"'".$"'"./'1,-40'$)+'!,)0/>#/)"%&'"./'2(0#$%'4/00$8/0'$-/'
!-/$"/+'1-,4'"./'#0/'$)+'4,+(1(!$"(,)',1'"./'%()/;'
R,-'"./'+/1()("(,)',1'0/4(,"(!06'I--(7$0'X%$=$'@DEDDF3,()"0',#"'".$"'?("'(0'"./'0"#+&',1'"./'9,-%+',1'
-/3-/0/)"$"(,)0' $)+' %$)8#$8/;' X$-"' ,1' ".(0' 0"#+&' ()2,%2/0' 0/4(,"(!' /%/4/)"0' 9.,0/' !%$00(1(!$"(,)'
()!%#+/0'(!,)06' 0&47,%0' $)+'()+/</0?;'\)' "./' ,"./-'.$)+6'\-"/8$'@DED[F4/)"(,)0'".$"' "./' ?0/4(,"(!'
$33-,$!.'()'!,44#)(!$"(,)'/43.$0(=/0'"./'(+/$'".$"'(4$8/0'$-/'$'!,%%/!"(,)',1'0(8)0'".$"'$-/'%()L/+'()'
0,4/'9$&'7&'"./'2(/9/-?;''
I0'9/%%'$0'?/<3%$()0'".$"'0/4(,"(!0',11/-0'$'3/-03/!"(2/'1,!#0/+',)'-/!,8)(=()8'$)+'()"/-3-/"()8'0(8)0;'
G,'!,43%/4/)"'"./'3-/2(,#0'+/1()("(,)0?@`,)-,&'],)=B%/06'DEDEF;'V,)0#4/-'$!!/3"$)!/'?9(%%'+/3/)+'
,)'"./'$00,!($"(,)0'/2,L/+'7&'"./'1,,+'"/!.),%,8&6'.,9')$"#-$%'("'0//40'",'!,)0#4/-0'$)+'.,9'4#!.'
"./&'"-#0"'"./'()+#0"-&'".$"'#0/0'(";'X/-0,)$%("&'"-$("0'".$"'$-/'(43,-"$)"'()'#)+/-0"$)+()8'()+(2(+#$%'
+(11/-/)!/0'()!%#+/'1,,+'3.,7($06'$2/-0(2/'0#0!/3"(7(%("(/06'$)+'!#%"#-$%'2$%#/0?@A$L(4'/"'$%;6'DEDEF;''
M/' /<$4()/' 1$!",-0' ".$"' 4$&' /<3%$()' 9.&' ?!,)0#4/-0' +,' ,-' +,' ),"' $!!/3"' $' 3-,+#!"6' ".-,#8.'
/<$43%/0'0#!.'$0'8/)/"(!'/)8()//-()86')$),"/!.),%,8&6'!#%"#-/+'4/$"6'$)+'1,,+'(--$+($"(,)?@R/--/(-$'/"'
$%;6'DEDEF;'X,"/)"($%'".-/$"0'",'"./'?1,,+'0&0"/4'()!%#+/'1,,+'0#33%&'!-(0/0'!$#0/+'7&'3,3#%$"(,)'8-,9".6'
!%(4$"/' !.$)8/6' $)+' /4/-8/)!(/0' 0#!.' $0' 3$)+/4(!0;' b#(%+()8' 4,-/' -/0(%(/)"' 1,,+' 0&0"/40' -/>#(-/0'
+(0-#3"(2/'1,,+'"/!.),%,8&?@R$('/"'$%;6'DEEUF;''
]-/$"/-' !,)0#4/-' $!!/3"$)!/' ,1' "./0/' "/!.),%,8(/0' (0' /<3/!"/+' ",' 7/' $!.(/2/+' ".-,#8.' /$-%&'
!,)0(+/-$"(,)',1'2$-($7%/0'".$"'()1%#/)!/'!,)0#4/-'3/-!/3"(,)0',1')/9'1,,+'"/!.),%,8(/0'@f,->#/-$'/"'
$%;6'DEJ^F;'
G./'#0/',1'"/!.),%,8&'".-,#8.,#"'?0/4(,"(!'/%/4/)"0'$-/'4$+/'#3',1'0&47,%06'(!,)0'$)+'()+/</0?'
@V/3/+$'b#0",06'DED[F;'A,9/2/-6'("'0.,#%+'7/'),"/+'".$"',)%&'0&47,%0'$)+'(!,)0'$-/'#0/+'()'1-,)":/)+'
%$7/%()8;'R(-0"%&6'"./'0&47,%'(0'$'0/4(,"(!'/%/4/)"'".$"'0(8)$%0'$0'$'0/4(,"(!'0(8)'".$"'(0'),"')/!/00$-(%&'
%()L/+'",'$)',7a/!"6'7#"'(0'3#-/%&'!,)2/)"(,)$%?@]$--,:`,)8/6'DEJcF;'''
154
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
G./'+/0(8)',1'()1,-4$"(,)6'$0'+/1()/+'7&'A#$4$)!.#4,'$)+'`/+()$'@DEJKF'(0'"./'?$-"'$)+'0!(/)!/',1'
3-/3$-()8'()1,-4$"(,)'0,'".$"'("'(0'#)+/-0"$)+$7%/'",'$)'$#+(/)!/?;'\)'"./',)/'.$)+6'V#/%%$-'HB)!./='/"'
$%;@DEDJF6'3,()"0'("',#"'?$0'$'+(0!(3%()/'9.,0/',7a/!"(2/'(0'",'3-/0/)"'()1,-4$"(,)'()'$'!%/$-'$)+',-8$)(=/+'
9$&'0,'".$"'("'(0'/$0(%&'#)+/-0",,+'7&'#0/-0?;'G./'$#".,-'T/4$!./'I0>#('@DEDgF'$++0'".$"'?()1,-4$"(,)'
+/0(8)'0//L0' ",'3-,4,"/'!,44#)(!$"(2/' /11/!"(2/)/006'()+(!$"()8'".$"'"./' 4$()'1,!#0',1'()1,-4$"(,)'
+/0(8)'(0'"./'#0/-?;'Q(L/9(0/6'$#".,-0'\-"(='`$-"e)/='@DEJKF6"./&'?$8-//'".$"'()1,-4$"(,)'+/0(8)'0//L0'
".$"'"./'#0/-'.$0'"./'3,00(7(%("&'",'1()+'"./'()1,-4$"(,)'./h0./')//+06'#)+/-0"$)+'("'$)+'#0/'("'()'$)'
$33-,3-($"/'9$&?;''
O)'"./'/$-%&'0"$8/0',1'3-,+#!"'+/2/%,34/)"6'("'(0'(43,-"$)"'",'"$L/'()",'$!!,#)"'!,)0#4/-'1//+7$!L;'
G./'3-,8-$4'I%(4/)"$'*!#$+,-'@I*F6'9.(!.'(0'-/03,)0(7%/'1,-'1,,+'0$1/"&'()'*!#$+,-6'9$0'+/2/%,3/+'7&'
"./' `()(0"-&' ,1' *!,),4(!' $)+' H,!($%' O)!%#0(,)' @`O*HF' ",'./%3' 7#(%+' "./' 0,!(,/!,),4(!' $)+' !#%"#-$%'
1,#)+$"(,)0')/!/00$-&'1,-'"./'*!#$+,-($)'3/,3%/'",'/</-!(0/'"./(-'-(8."'",'1,,+;@Q$"()'I4/-(!$)'V/)"/-'
1,-'T#-$%'_/2/%,34/)"6'DEDDF;;'G./'*Vb6'*!#$+,-50'!/)"-$%'7$)L6'0"$"/0'".$"'"./'/!,),4&'!,)"-$!"/+'$"'
$'-$"/'$0'$'-/0#%"',1'V\iO_:JK6'T/!/00(,)'$)+'c;U'3/-!/)"',1']_X'()'DEDE6'8/)/-$%(=/+'()'4,0"',1'("0'
()+#0"-(/06'/!,),4(!'$)+'.,3/'1,-'-/!,2/-&'@R-/(-/:X/Y$./--/-$'Z'V/2$%%,0:V/2$%%,06'DEJKF;'
]_X'8-,9".',1'[Jj'(0'3-,a/!"/+'1,-'DEDJ6'7#"'".$"'-/!,2/-()8'"./'(0'),"'/),#8.;'_#-()8'"./'1(-0"'&/$-6'
%,00/0'9/-/'()!#--/+6'"./'3/-!/)"$8/',1'"./'3$)+/4(!'()'/$-%&'I#8#0";'O)'*!#$+,-6'"./'3,3#%$"(,)'(0'1#%%&'
(44#)(=/+'-/$!./+'gK;JDU'3/-!/)"6'K'4(%%(,)',1'9.,4;'G./'C$"(,)$%'O)0"("#"/',1'H"$"(0"(!0'/0"(4$"/0'
".$"'7&'DEDE6'SK;D'3/-!/)"6'$!!,-+()8'",'"./'V/)0#0',1'*!#$+,-'@OC*VF;'*!#$+,-($)'.,#0/.,%+0'!,#%+'),"'
!,2/-'"./'/<3/)0/6'b$0(!'R$4(%&'b$0L/"'/2/-&'4,)".6'9.(!.'/<3%$()0'".$"',)%&'[',#"',1'JE'.,#0/.,%+0'
$-/'$7%/'",'-/4("'".(0'!.$-8/'@G("#$Y$'X#/)"/6'DEJKF;'M./)'/<$4()()8'"./'3/-!/)"$8/'@A#$%%3$']$%2/=6'
DEJ^F;'
I/0"./"(!'3-()!(3%/0'$-/'+/"/-4()/+'7&'"./'.$-4,)&',1'"./'/%/4/)"0;'G.$"'4/$)0'".$"'!$-/'4#0"'7/'
"$L/)'",'/)0#-/'".$"'"./'1/$"#-/0'#0/+'$-/'3-,3,-"(,)$"/',-'$33-,3-($"/;'G./'9,-L'(0'2(0#$%%&'7$%$)!/+'
$)+'+,/0'),"',2/-9./%4',-'+(0"-$!"'"./'2(/9/-;'I33-,3-($"/'9(".'-/1/-/)!/'",'`(-$)+$'Q%,-/)"/'@DEDDF'
("'(0'0#88/0"/+'".$"'".(0'8#(+/%()/'4$&'7/'$'0#7a/!"(2/'!,)!/3"'",'"./',3()(,)',1'/$!.'#0/-;'G./-/1,-/6'("'
(0' -/!,44/)+/+' ",' #)+/-0"$)+' "./' !,8)("(2/' L),9%/+8/;' *)"/-' "./' )#47/-' ,1' $#+(/)!/' 4/47/-0;'
R()$%%&6'"./'!,8)("(2/'3-()!(3%/0'-/1/-'",'"./'$""/)"(,)',1'"./'$#+(/)!/6'(/;''
I""/)"(,)' 1,!#0/0' ,)' 3/-!/3"(,)6' 4/4,-&6' %/$-)()8' $)+' #)+/-0"$)+()8' ,1' ()1,-4$"(,);' G./0/'
3-()!(3%/0' 03/$L' ,1' ".-//' 7$0(!' 3-()!(3%/0d' $""/)"(,)6' 3/-!/3"(,)' $)+' ()1,-4$"(,)' 3-,!/00()8'@H(%%/-,'
T/ak)6'DEDEF;'X-,!/00()8'/)0#-/0'".$"'#0/-0'!$)'#)+/-0"$)+'"./'()1,-4$"(,)'3-,2(+/+;'G.(0'(0'7/!$#0/'
03//!.'!$)'7/'3-,!/00/+'$)+'()"/-3-/"/+'()'+(11/-/)"'!#%"#-$%'9$&0;'A,9'".(0'9,-L0'2$-(/0'1-,4',)/'#0/-'
",'$),"./-;'O"'$%0,'0//L0'!,)0(0"/)!&'()'"./'#0/',1'!,%,-6'1,-4'$)+'"/<"'@A(+$%8,'b/-4/,6'DEJKF;'
2.#Methodology#
I#+(,2(0#$%' ",,%0' 3%$&' $' !-#!($%' -,%/' ()' 7(,0$1/"&' $00/004/)"' 7&' 3-,2(+()8' $' 8-$3.(!$%' $)+'
#)+/-0"$)+$7%/'-/3-/0/)"$"(,)',1'!,43%/<'+$"$'$)+'()"/--/%$"/+'3-,!/00/0;'G./0/'",,%0'4$L/'("'3,00(7%/'
",'2(0#$%(=/'3$""/-)06'(+/)"(1&'!,--/%$"(,)0'$)+'/11/!"(2/%&'!,44#)(!$"/'-/0#%"0'",'+(2/-0/'$#+(/)!/0;'
]-$3.06'+($8-$40'$)+'2(0#$%'4$30'!$)'7/'#0/+'",'(%%#0"-$"/'"./'1,,+'!.$()6'1-,4'8/)/"(!'4,+(1(!$"(,)'",'
3-,+#!"(,)'$)+'!,)0#43"(,)6'./%3()8'",'(+/)"(1&'3,"/)"($%'.,"03,"0'$)+'$00/00'-(0L0;''
155
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
!"#$%&'()'Advertising+warning.''
!
Source:+Manual+de+advertencia+publicitaria+(Arribas+Plaza,+2022)+
G./'0(=/0'".$"'9/',70/-2/'()'R(8#-/'J6'9(%%'7/'%,!$"/+',)'"./'1-,)"6'()'"./'#33/-'-(8."'$-/$6'(1'"./'
3-,+#!"'-/>#(-/0'4,-/'".$)',)/'9$-)()8'9(%%'8,'()'"./'1,%%,9()8',-+/-l'A(8.'()'H,+(#46'A(8.'()'H#8$-6'
A(8.'()'H$"#-$"/+'R$"'$)+'1()$%%&'V,)"$()0'G-$)0'R$"6'"./'0(=/'(0'/0"$7%(0./+'()'1,#-'0(=/06'()'$++("(,)6'"./'
2(0#$%'-/3-/0/)"$"(,)0'1$!(%("$"/'"./'()"/-3-/"$"(,)',1'/3(+/4(,%,8(!$%'$)+'",<(!,%,8(!$%'+$"$6'9.(!.'(0'
/00/)"($%'",'$00/00'"./'0$1/"&',1'7(,"/!.0'()'"./'1,,+'!.$();'N%"(4$"/%&6'"./'()!,-3,-$"(,)',1'2(0#$%'",,%0'
()'"./'1,,+'0$1/"&'$00/004/)"',1'7(,"/!.0'),"',)%&'(43-,2/0'0!(/)"(1(!'#)+/-0"$)+()86'7#"'$%0,'3-,4,"/0'
"-$)03$-/)!&' $)+' 3#7%(!' !,)1(+/)!/' 7&' 3-,2(+()8' $!!/00(7%/' $)+' !%/$-' ()1,-4$"(,)' $7,#"' "./0/'
"/!.),%,8(!$%'$+2$)!/0'()'1,,+'3-,+#!"(,);'
M/'#0/+'"./'+$"$7$0/',1'"./'?R,,+'H/!#-("&'$)+'R,,+'H/!#-("&'H#-2/&'@*HIIF6'3$-"',1'"./'H(/47-$'
_/0$--,%%,'X-,a/!";'H4$%%.,%+/-'I8-(!#%"#-/'$)+'R,,+'T/0(%(/)"'",'V,2(+:JK6'9.(!.'(0'0#33,-"/+'7&'"./'
O)"/-)$"(,)$%' _/2/%,34/)"' T/0/$-!.' V/)"-/' @O_TVF' ,1' V$)$+$;?@Q$"()' I4/-(!$)' V/)"/-' 1,-' T#-$%'
_/2/%,34/)"6'DEDDF'$)+'("0'3#-3,0/'(0'",'!,43(%/6'?0&0"/4$"(!$%%&'$)+'()'$!!,-+$)!/'9(".'$'0!(/)"(1(!'
4/".,+,%,8&6'#0/1#%',-')/!/00$-&'7$!L8-,#)+'$)+'L),9%/+8/'",'()1%#/)!/'+(11/-/)"'03./-/0',1'3#7%(!'
$!"(,)6'9.(!.'9(%%'4$L/'("'3,00(7%/'",'3-,4,"/'+/2/%,34/)"'3-,!/00/0'()'Q$"()'I4/-(!$)'!,#)"-(/0;'G./'
,7a/!"(2/'0$43%/'9$0'!,)0(+/-/+'J[JD'.,#0/.,%+0'/>#$%%&'+(0"-(7#"/+'$4,)8'"./46'/<!%#+()8'"./'!("&6'
"./'3-,2()!/0',1'Q,0'T(,0'@S^S'0$43%/0F'$)+']#$&$0'@S^S'0$43%/0F6']#$&$>#(%?@T#-$%6'DEDDF;'G$7%/'J'
7/%,9'0.,90'V-,)7$!.50'$%3.$'1,-'/$!.'+(4/)0(,);'
*+,-&'(.'Cronbach's+alpha+α+by+dimension+
/"0&12"312''
4%31,+5672'+-86+'
!339':+;&<=.''
0,8434+
4312$08<"31'>+<<&%12'
0,8025+
!!!!!!!Nutritional'?+,&-"1#'!
'
0,7243+
I0'7$0(!'-/1/-/)!/0'9/'#0/'"./'"./,-&',1'"./'7,,L'?I)B%(0(0'+/'+$",0'4#%"(2$-($)"/0?'X/Y$'@'DEEDF;'O"'
(0'+/0(-/+'",'?1()+'$'0#703$!/',1'+(4/)0(,)'%/00'".$)'𝝆'".$"'9./)'"./'3,()"0'$-/'3-,a/!"/+',)'("6'"./&'
L//3'"./(-'0"-#!"#-/'9(".'"./'%/$0"'3,00(7%/'+(0",-"(,)6'"./'4()(4#4'%,00',1'()1,-4$"(,)6'0#!.'".$"'9./)'
"./',-(8()$%'2$-($7%/0'$-/'-/3%$!/+'7&'$')/9'2$-($7%/'𝝆',-(8()$%'2$-($7%/0'7&'$')/9'2$-($7%/6"𝒁𝟏'9.(!.'
,3"(4$%%&'0#44$-(=/0'"./'()1,-4$"(,);'G./'1(-0"'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"'9(%%'7/'"./'%()/$-'!,47()$"(,)',1'
"./' ,-(8()$%' 2$-($7%/0' ".$"' .$0' 4$<(4#4' 2$-($)!/?;' G./' 2$%#/0' ,1' ".(0' 1(-0"' !,43,)/)"' ()' "./'
𝒏"()+(2(+#$%0'9(%%'7/'-/3-/0/)"/+'7&'$'2/!",-'"𝒁𝟏"6'8(2/)'7&'
𝒛𝟏m𝑿𝒂𝟏m𝒂𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟏n𝒂𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐n;;;;;n𝒂𝟏𝒑𝒙𝒑'
G./' ,-(8()$%' 2$-($7%/0' .$2/' =/-,' 4/$)' 9(%%' $%0,' .$2/' =/-,' 4/$);'"𝒁𝟏"9(%%' .$2/' =/-,' 4/$);' G./(-'
2$-($)!/'9(%%'7/d''
156
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
𝑽𝒂𝒓(𝒁𝟏) = 𝟏
𝒏𝒁𝟏
´𝒁𝟏=𝟏
𝒏𝒂𝟏
´𝑿´𝑿𝒂𝟏= 𝒂𝟏
´𝑺𝒂𝟏'
M./-/'𝑺"(0' "./' ?4$"-(<' ,1' 2$-($)!/0' $)+' !,2$-($)!/0' ,1' "./' ,70/-2$"(,)0;' M.$"' (0' +/0(-/+' (0' ",'
4$<(4(=/'"./'2$-($)!/'9(".'"./'!,)0"-$()"'".$"'𝒂𝟏
´𝒂𝟏= 𝟏;'M/'9(%%'()"-,+#!/'".(0'!,)0"-$()"'7&'4/$)0',1'
"./'Q$8-$)8/'4#%"(3%(/-'$)+'"./)'+/-(2/'9(".'-/03/!"'",'"./'!,43,)/)"0',1'𝒂𝟏"$)+'/>#$%()8'",'=/-,6'$)+'
9/',7"$()'"./'0,%#"(,)?d''
𝑺𝒂𝟏= 𝝀𝒂𝟏'
M.(!.'(43%(/0'".$"'𝒂𝟏"(0'$)'/(8/)2/!",-',1'"./'4$"-(<'H6'$)+'𝝀'("0'!,--/03,)+()8'/(8/)2$%#/;'G./'2$%#/'
,1'𝝀'(0'"./'2$-($)!/',1'"𝒁𝟏$)+6'0()!/'"./'$(4'(0'",'4$<(4(=/'𝝀'9(%%'7/'"./'%$-8/0"'/(8/)2$%#/',1'"./'4$"-(<'
H;'O"0'$00,!($"/+'2/!",-6'𝒂𝟏+/1()/0'"./'!,/11(!(/)"0',1'/$!.'2$-($7%/'()'"./'1(-0"'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)";'
O)',-+/-'",'7/'$7%/'",'-/3-/0/)"'"./'?o'2$-($7%/0'()'$'"9,:+(4/)0(,)$%'3%$)/6'"./'0/!,)+'!,43,)/)"'
4#0"'7/'!$%!#%$"/+6'.$2()8'$0',7a/!"(2/'1#)!"(,)'".$"'"./'0#4',1'"./'2$-($)!/0',1'𝒛𝟏m𝑿𝒂𝟏"&'𝒛𝟐m𝑿𝒂𝟐"(0'
4$<(4#46'9./-/'𝒂𝟏"&'𝒂𝟐"$-/'"./'2/!",-0'+/1()()8'"./'3%$)/?;'G./',7a/!"(2/'1#)!"(,)'9(%%'7/d''
𝝓 = 𝒂𝟏
´𝑺𝒂𝟏+𝒂𝟐
´𝑺𝒂𝟐−𝝀𝟏4𝒂𝟏
´𝒂𝟏−𝟏5−𝝀𝟐4𝒂𝟐
´𝒂𝟐−𝟏5'
O)!,-3,-$"()8' "./' -/0"-(!"(,)' ".$"' $++-/00/0' 4#0"' .$2/' $' #)("' 4,+#%/;' 𝒂𝒊
´𝒂𝒊= 𝟏,𝒊 = 𝟏,𝟐;' I1"/-'
+/-(2()8'$)+'/>#$%()8'",'=/-,'"./'0,%#"(,)'(0',7"$()/+d'
𝑺𝒂𝟏= 𝝀𝟏𝒂𝟏&&'
𝑺𝒂𝟐= 𝝀𝟐𝒂𝟐'
G./' 2$%#/0' ?+/' 𝝀𝟏'&' 𝝀𝟐"4#0"' 7/' "./' "9,' %$-8/0"' /(8/)2$%#/0' ,1' "./' 4$"-(<' 𝑺'&' 𝒂𝟏"&' 𝒂𝟐'"./(-'
!,--/03,)+()8'/(8/)2/!",-0;'G./'!,2$-($)!/'7/"9//)'𝒛𝟏"&'𝒛𝟐8(2/)'7&'𝒂𝟏
´𝑺𝒂𝟐"(0'=/-,'0()!/'𝒂𝟏
´𝒂𝟐= 𝟎$)+'
"./'2$-($7%/0'𝒛𝟏"&'𝒛𝟐"9(%%'7/'#)!,--/%$"/+;'
O)'8/)/-$%6'"./'4$"-(<'𝑿'&'𝑺'.$0'-$)L'𝒑G./-/'$-/'"./)'$0'4$)&'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"0'$0'2$-($7%/06'
9.(!.'9(%%'7/',7"$()/+'7&'!$%!#%$"()8'"./'/(8/)2$%#/0',-'!.$-$!"/-(0"(!'-,,"06"𝝀𝟏,….,𝝀𝒑,1'"./'2$-($)!/'
$)+'!,2$-($)!/'4$"-(<',1'"./'2$-($7%/06'7&'4/$)0',1?d'
|𝑺−"𝝀𝚰|= 𝟎'
I)+'("0'$00,!($"/+'2/!",-0'$-/d''
(𝑺−"𝝀𝐢𝚰)𝒂𝐢= 𝟎'
G./'"/-40'𝝀𝐢'$-/'-/$%6'0()!/'"./'4$"-(<'(0'0&44/"-(!'𝑺'0&44/"-(!6'$)+'3,0("(2/6'0()!/'𝑺'(0'3,0("(2/'
+/1()("/6'"./'$00,!($"/+'2/!",-0'$-/',-".,8,)$%;'
V$%%()8'𝒁'",'"./'4$"-(<'9.,0/'!,%#4)0'$-/'"./'2$%#/0',1'"./'!,43,)/)"0'()'"./'𝒑'!,43,)/)"0'()'"./'
()+(2(+#$%0'𝒏'()+(2(+#$%06'"./0/')/9'2$-($7%/0'$-/'-/%$"/+'",'"./',-(8()$%',)/0'7&'4/$)0',1d'
𝒁 = 𝑿𝑨'
M./-/ "𝑨´𝑨 = 𝚰;' V$%!#%$"()8' "./' 3-()!(3$%' !,43,)/)"0' (0' />#(2$%/)"' ",' ?$33%&()8' $)' ,-".,8,)$%'
"-$)01,-4$"(,)'𝑨'",' "./' 2$-($7%/0'𝑿"",',7"$()')/9'2$-($7%/0'𝒁'2$-($7%/0' ".$"' $-/' ),"' -/%$"/+' ",' /$!.'
,"./-;' G.(0' ,3/-$"(,)' !$)' 7/' ()"/-3-/"/+' $0' !.,,0()8' )/9' !,,-+()$"/' $</06' 9.(!.' !,()!(+/' 9(".' "./'
)$"#-$%' $</0' ,1' "./' +$"$6' 9/' !,)0(+/-' $0' 7$0(!' -/1/-/)!/0' "./' "./,-&' ,1' "./' 7,,L' C/9' `/".,+0' ,1'
`#%"(2$-($"/' I)$%&0(0' 7&' V$-%/0' `;' V#$+-$0?' @DEEcF;'O)' "./' 1,%%,9()8' 9/' 3-/0/)"' 0,4/' !-("/-($' ",'
+/"/-4()/'"./')#47/-',1'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"0'".$"'./%3'",'8(2/'$'8,,+'0#44$-&',1'"./'+$"$;'
157
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
I'b(3%,"'1,-'?$'+$"$'4$"-(<'o'(0'$'8-$3.(!$%'-/3-/0/)"$"(,)'#0()8'4$-L/-0'@2/!",-0Fd'$J6$D6;;;6$)'1,-'"./'
-,90',1'o'$)+'7J67D6;;;673'1,-'"./'!,%#4)0',1'o6'0#!.'".$"'"./'())/-'3-,+#!"'$33-,<(4$"/0'"./'/%/4/)"'<(a'
,1'"./'0"$-"()8'4$"-(<'$0'9/%%'$0'3,00(7%/?;''
b,".'"./'4$-L/-0'$('1,-'"./'-,90'$)+'"./'4$-L/-0'7a'1,-'"./'!,%#4)0'9(%%'7/'-/3-/0/)"/+'()'$'03$!/'
,1'+(4/)0(,)'>p-'6'9./-/'>'(0'"./')#47/-',1'-/"$()/+'$</0'$)+'-'(0'"./'-$)L',1'o;'O1'9/'!,)0(+/-'"./'
4$-L/-0'$J6$D6;;;6$)'$0'-,90',1'$'4$"-(<'I'$)+'"./'4$-L/-0'7J67D6;;;673'$0'-,90',1'$'4$"-(<'b6'"./)'9/'!$)'
9-("/?d'
𝑿 ≅ 𝑨𝑩𝑻'
G./' 0"-#!"#-/' ,1' "./' 4$"-(<' o' !$)' 7/' 2(0#$%(=/+' 7&' -/3-/0/)"()8' "./' 4$-L/-0' ()' $' >:+(4/)0(,)$%'
*#!%(+/$)' 03$!/;' ]/)/-$%%&6' 9/' "-&' ",' "$L/' >' $0' 04$%%' $0' 3,00(7%/6' +/3/)+()8' ,)' 9./"./-' "./-/' $-/'
0(8)(1(!$)"'!,2$-($"(,)'0"-#!"#-/0'7/"9//)'"./'!,%#4)0',1'o',-'),";'
O)'".(0'4/".,+'9/'"-&'",'1()+'$'4$"-(<'o@>F',1'-$)L'>6'9.(!.'7/0"'$33-,<(4$"/0'o6'()'"./'%/$0"'0>#$-/0'
0/)0/;'4𝑿 ≅ 𝑿(𝒒)="𝑨(𝒒)𝑩(𝒒)
𝑻54,-/'03/!(1(!$%%&6'("'(0'",'1()+'$'4$"-(<'o@>F',1'-$)L'>'".$"'4()(4(=/0'"./'
/<3-/00(,)d'
BB4𝒙𝒊𝒋 −𝒙(𝒒)𝒊𝒋5𝟐=𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒛𝒂D4𝑿− 𝑿(𝒒)54𝑿−𝑿(𝒒)5´F
𝒋𝒊
'
1,-'$%%'4$"-(!/0'o@>F',1'-$)L'>',-'%/00;'
G./'7/0"'L),9)'4/".,+'1,-'$33-,<(4$"()8'$'%,9:-$)L'4$"-(<'(0'"./',)/'3-,3,0/+'7&'*!L$-"'Z']'
q,#)8' @JK[S6' JK[KF'9.(!.' !$)' $%0,' 7/' 1,#)+' ()' q,#)8' Z' IH' A,#0/.,%+/-' @JK[UF6' ]$7-(/%'@JKcJF6'
]-//)$!-/'@JKUgF6' $4,)8' ,"./-' $#".,-0;' O"' (0' 7$0/+' ,)' "./' +/!,43,0("(,)' ()",' 0()8#%$-' 2$%#/0' $)+'
2/!",-0',1'"./'4$"-(<'".$"'9/'9(0.'",'$33-,<(4$"/'@V$%+/-k)6'DEDJF;'
_/!,43,0("(,)'()",'0()8#%$-'2$%#/0'$)+'0()8#%$-'2/!",-0',1'"./'4$"-(<'od''
o'm'N_ir'
9./-/'N'(0'"./'4$"-(<'9.,0/' !,%#4)0'!,)"$()'"./'/(8/)2/!",-0',1'oo5'$)+'i'(0'"./'4$"-(<'9.,0/'
!,%#4)0'!,--/03,)+'",'"./'/(8/)2/!",-0',1'o5o6'9.(%/'_'(0'$'+($8,)$%'4$"-(<'!,)"$()()8'"./'0()8#%$-'
2$%#/0',1'o;''
O"'4#0"'7/'0$"(01(/+'".$"'N5Nmi5imO6'".$"'(06'"./'!,%#4)0',1'N'$)+'i'$-/',-".,),-4$%6'".(0'3-,3/-"&'
$00#-/0'"./'#)(>#/)/00',1'"./'1$!",-(=$"(,)?;''
G./'7/0"'$33-,<(4$"(,)'()'-$)L'>6'o@>F',1'o'(0'8(2/)'7&d'
𝑿(𝒒)𝒏𝒙𝒑 = 𝑼(𝒒)𝒏𝒙𝒒 𝑫(𝒒)𝒒𝒙𝒒 𝑽´(𝒒)𝒒𝒙𝒑 = B𝝀𝒌𝒖𝒌𝒗´𝒌
𝒒
𝒌.𝟏
'
9./-/6'N@>F'$)+'i@>F'$-/'"./'4$"-(!/0'!,)0"-#!"/+'9(".'"./'>'1(-0"'!,%#4)0',1'N'$)+'i'-/03/!"(2/%&6'
9.(%/'_@>F'(0'"./'+($8,)$%'4$"-(<'!,)"$()()8'"./'>'%$-8/0"'),)=/-,'0()8#%$-'2$%#/0',1'o@sLF;''
I)'$%8,-(".4'1,-'?"./'!$%!#%$"(,)'!$)'7/'1,#)+'()'],%#7'Z'T/()0!.@JKcJF;'
G./-/1,-/6'9/'.$2/d''
o'm'Ib5m'N_i5'
G.(0'(43%(/0'".$"'"./'!.,(!/',1'4$-L/-0'1,-'-,90'$)+'!,%#4)0'!$)'7/'4$+/'()'0/2/-$%'9$&0d'R,-'
/<$43%/6'"$L()8'ImN_'$)+'bmi',-'ImN'$)+'bmi_5'$4,)8',"./-'1$!",-(=$"(,)0;'R,-'".(0'-/$0,)6'0/2/-$%'
$#".,-0' 3-,3,0/' +(11/-/)"' !.,(!/0' $)+' 0"#+&' "./(-' 3-,3/-"(/0' $!!,-+()8' ",' "./' !.,0/)' 1$!",-(=$"(,);'
A,9/2/-6'"./'()"/-3-/"$"(,)',1'"./'b(3%,"'(0'$%9$&0'3/-1,-4/+'1-,4'"./'0!$%$-'3-,+#!"06'-/8$-+%/00',1'
"./'!.,0/)'1$!",-(=$"(,)?@]$47,$6'b/-4/,:X$#!$-6'I-!,06'Z'V(0)/-,06'DEDDF;'
G./'#0#$%'9$&'",'!.,,0/'"./'4$-L/-0'(0'",'3/-1,-4'"./'+/!,43,0("(,)d''
158
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
ImN_t'bmi_J:t'
]$7-(/%'@JKcJF3-,3,0/0'2$-(,#0'!.,(!/0' ,1't'",'9.(!.'./'8(2/0'+(11/-/)"')$4/0'$)+'1,-'9.(!.'./'
+/4,)0"-$"/0'0,4/',1'"./(-'3-,3/-"(/0;'
M(".'tmJ'9/',7"$()d''
ImN_'bmi'
O"'(0'2/-(1(/+'".$"'b5bmO'$)+'9/'.$2/'"./'fP:b(3%,"'9.(!.'3-/0/-2/0'"./'4/"-(!'1,-'"./'-,90;'M(".'tmE'
9/',7"$()d'
ImN'bmi_'
O"'(0'2/-(1(/+'".$"'I5ImO'$)+'9/'.$2/'()'".(0'!$0/'"./']A:b(3%,"'9.(!.'3-/0/-2/0'"./'4/"-(!'1,-'"./'
!,%#4)0;''
O)'8/)/-$%6'9/'.$2/'!$%%/+'"./'4$-L/-'4$"-(!/06'I'1,-'"./'-,90'$)+'b'1,-'"./'!,%#4)06'./-/$1"/-'9/'
9(%%'!$%%'"./4'+(11/-/)"%&'1,-'/$!.'"&3/',1'bOXQ\G6'1,-'/<$43%/d']A:b(3%,"'@Im]'bmAFl'fP:b(3%,"'@Imf'
bmPFl'Af:b(3%,"'@Imf'bmAF;'G.(0'9(%%'$%%,9'#0'",'(+/)"(1&'"./'+(11/-/)"'b(3%,"0?;'
G./' 3-,3/-"(/0' ,1' "./' -,9' $)+' !,%#4)' 4$-L/-0' ()' "./' -/3-/0/)"$"(,)' +/3/)+' ,)' "./' !.,0/)'
1$!",-(=$"(,)6'9.(!.'+/3/)+0',)'"./'4/"-(!'()"-,+#!/+'()'"./'-,9'03$!/',-'!,%#4)'03$!/'@A(+$%8,'/"'$%;6'
DEDDF;'
G./'0$43%/'9$0'+(0"-(7#"/+'$4,)8'"./'3-,2()!/0'$0'1,%%,90d'Q,0'?T(,0'()'"./' 3-,2()!/' "./-/' $-/'
.,#0/.,%+0'/>#$%%&'+(2(+/+'9(".'^Ej'()'-#-$%'$-/$0'$)+'^Ej'()'#-7$)'$-/$06']#$&$06'9(".'SEj'%(2()8'()'
#-7$)'$-/$0'$)+'"./',"./-'gEj'()'-#-$%'$-/$0;'M(".'$'4$-8()',1'/--,-',1'^j'9(".'K^j'!,)1(+/)!/;'G,'
/2$%#$"/6'("'9$0'0#88/0"/+'",'0#-2/&'"./'0$4/'.,#0/.,%+0'".$"'9/-/'0#-2/&/+'()'-,#)+'J6'0(4(%$-'"$-8/"'
8-,#3'@3$)/%'0$43%/F'!.$)8/0',2/-'"(4/;'A,9/2/-6'("'9$0'0#33,-"/+'7&'/2(+/)!/?@I-/%%$),'Z'R(8#/-,$6'
DEDDF;' O"' 9$0' 1,#)+' ".$"' gK' 3/-!/)"' ?,1' "./' 3.,)/' )#47/-0' 9/-/' ()/%(8(7%/6' -/3-/0/)"()8' $' .(8.'
3/-!/)"$8/',1'#0/%/00' )#47/-0;' R,-"&:1,#-'3/-!/)"',1' "./4' $)09/-/+'"./'!$%%' $)+' %/1"'$'4/00$8/',-'
0(43%&'.#)8'#3;'M.(%/'D'3/-!/)"',1'"./'-/03,)+/)"0'3(!L/+'#3'"./'3.,)/6'7#"'-/1#0/+'",'"$L/'"./'0#-2/&'
@]$47,$'/"'$%;6'DEDDF;'
!"#$%&'@)'The+nutritional+traffic+light+of+food'
'
Source:'Manual+de+advertencia+publicitaria+(Arribas+Plaza,+2022)+
G./'-/+'!,%,-'(0'#0/+'9./)'"./'$4,#)"',1'"./'1,,+'!,43,)/)"'(0'.(8.'$)+'"./'-/!,44/)+$"(,)'(0'",'
%(4("'("0'!,)0#43"(,);'H(4(%$-%&6'"./'&/%%,9'!,%,-'(0'#0/+'9./)'"./')#"-(/)"'(0'()'"./'()"/-4/+($"/'$)+'
"./'1,,+'!,43-(0/0'$'8,,+'3#-!.$0/6'7#"'()'4()(4$%'>#$)"("(/0;'R()$%%&6'8-//)'(0'#0/+'9./)'"./'1,,+'
()8-/+(/)"'!,)"/)"'(0'%,9'$)+'(0'!,)0(+/-/+'"./'7/0"'3#-!.$0/',3"(,);'G./'>#$)"("&'-$)8/'#0/+'",'+/1()/'
$'!,%,-'(0'!,)0(+/-/+'%,96'4/+(#4',-'.(8.;'
159
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
I'0#-2/&',1'.,#0/.,%+0'9$0'"./)'#0/+'$0'"./'7$0(0'1,-'$'!/%%#%$-'"/%/3.,)&'7$0/;'7$0/+',)'$'0"-$"(1(/+'
0$43%()8'1-$4/'$"'"./'3-,2()!($%'%/2/%'9(".'-/3-/0/)"$"(2/)/00'$"'"./'#-7$)'$)+'-#-$%'%/2/%0;'M(".'"./'
./%3',1'".(0')/9'0,#-!/6'$'","$%',1'JEEJ'.,#0/.,%+0'9/-/'0#-2/&/+6'()'$++("(,)'",'"./'!("&',1']#$&$>#(%6'
()'"./'"9,'3-,2()!/0?@X/-/=6'DEJKF;''
b(2$-($"/' $)+' 4#%"(2$-($"/' $)$%&0(0' 9$0' 3/-1,-4/+' ",' +/"/-4()/' "./' ),-4$%("&' ,1' "./' +$"$'
+(0"-(7#"(,)'$)+'"./'V.(:0>#$-/'"/0"'1,-'"/0"()8'"./'.&3,"./0/0'-$(0/+6'"./'+$"$'9/-/'3-,!/00/+'9(".'"./'
0"$"(0"(!$%'3$!L$8/'HXHH'D^@G-/a,'/"'$%;6'DEJUF;'
3.#Results#
G./'-/0#%"0',1'"./'-/0/$-!.'$-/'8/)/-$%%&'+/1()/+'",'+/"/-4()/'"./'-/%$"(,)0.(3'7/"9//)'"./'-/03,)0/0'
,1'"./'R,,+'H/!#-("&6'V,)0#43"(,)'X$""/-)0'$)+'C#"-("(,)'Q$7/%()8'+(4/)0(,)06'$'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"'
$)$%&0(0'@XVIF'9$0'3/-1,-4/+'@]#"(/--/='H$)!./=6'DEEUF;@]#"(u--/='HB)!./=6'DEEUF;;'G./'!,--/%$"(,)'
4$"-(<'7/"9//)'$%%'2$-($7%/0'9$0'$%0,',7"$()/+'1-,4'".(0'$)$%&0(0;'
G./'0(8)(1(!$)!/',1'"./'1$!",-'4,+/%'@,-'"./'/<"-$!"(,)',1'"./'1$!",-0F'9$0'/2$%#$"/+'7&'4/$)0',1'"./'
P`\'"/0"'@P$(0/-6'`/&/-'$)+'\%L()F'$)+'b$-"%/""50'"/0"',1'03./-(!("&'9(".'$'0(8)(1(!$)!/'%/2/%',1'E;E^;@_/'
%$'R#/)"/'R/-)$)+/=6'DEJJF$)+'b$-"%/""50'"/0"',1'03./-(!("&'"./-/1,-/'0.,90'".$"'"./'!,--/%$"(,)'4$"-(<'
(0'+(11/-/)"'1-,4'"./'(+/)"("&'4$"-(<'@V$%+/-k)'/"'$%;6'DEJKF;'H//'G$7%/'D;'
*+,-&'@'KMO+and+Bartletta+Test'
A+"2&%BC&=&%BD-E"1'0&+2$%&'3;'2+08-"1#'+9&F$+5='
0,907+
G+%<-&<<72'<&2<';3%'286&%"5"<='
H88%3I.'56"B2F$+%&'
2541,922+
#-'
300+
:"#.'
0+
+.'J<'"2',+2&9'31'53%%&-+<"312'
G./'1$!",-0' 9/-/' "./)' /<"-$!"/+' 7&' 4/$)0' ,1' 3-()!(3$%' !,43,)/)"' 1$!",-' $)$%&0(0' $)+' i$-(4$<'
-,"$"(,);'G./'-/0#%"0',1'"./'P$(0/-'-#%/'0.,9/+'D'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"0'".$"'/<3%$()/+'U^;Kj',1'"./'","$%'
2$-($)!/'@V$%+/-k)'/"'$%;6'DEDDF;'@G$7%/'[F;'
*+,-&'K.+Correlations+with+the+original+variables+
L+%"+,-&2'
4>'(''
'4>'@'
,('''
0,36+
0,54+
,@'''
0,87+
0,02+
,K'''
0,84+
0,03+
,M'''
0,78+
0,36+
,N'''
0,93+
0,06+
,O'''
0,82+
0,09+
,P'''
0,85+
0,03+
,Q'''
0,69+
0,47+
,RS('''''
-0,03+
-0,43+
,RS@'''''
-0,39+
0,22+
,(TS('''''
-0,17+
0,57+
,(TS@'''''
-0,26+
1,50E-03+
,(TSK'''''
-0,14+
0,5+
,(TSM'''''
-0,04+
0,44+
,(TSN'''''
-0,05+
-0,01+
,(TSO'''''
-0,79+
0,29+
160
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
,(TSP'''''
0,18+
-0,39+
,(TSQ'''''
-0,32+
0,46+
,(TSR'''''
-0,37+
0,62+
,(TS(T''''
-0,3+
0,24+
Cophenetic+correlation=+0.859+
M(".'"./'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"'$)$%&0(06'9/'!$)',70/-2/'"./'2$-($7%/0'9(".'"./'.(8./0"'!,)"-(7#"(,)'
1,-'!,43,)/)"'J6'$<(0'@XV'JF'("'(0',70/-2/+'".$"'"./'2$-($7%/0'7D'9(".'E;Uc6'7['9(".'E;Ug6'7g'9(".'E;cU6'
7^'9(".'E;K[6'7S'9(".'E;UD6'7c'9(".'E;U^'$-/'"./'7/0"'-/3-/0/)"/+'()'".(0'!,43,)/)"6'9.(!.'$-/',1'"./'
R,,+'H/!#-("&'+(4/)0(,)6'3-/0/)"/+'$'3,0("(2/'%()/$-'!,--/%$"(,)'9(".'-/03/!"'",'"./',"./-'!,43,)/)"'
@XvE;E^F'@G$7%/'[F;'\)'"./',"./-'.$)+6'"./'2$-($7%/0'9(".'"./'%,9/0"'!,)"-(7#"(,)'1,-'!,43,)/)"'D'@VX'
DF'9/-/'7JEwD'9(".'J;^*:E[6'7JEw^'9(".':E;EJ6'7JEwS'9(".'E;DK6'7JEwc'9(".':E;[K;'
'
!"#$%&'K.+Functional+relationship+between+variables+
'
G./'XVI'0.,90'".$"'"./'3/-!/)"$8/',1'2$-($)!/'/<3%$()/+'7&'"./'1(-0"'"9,'$</06'VXJ'9(".'^Jj'%,$+()8'
$)+'VXD'9(".'DD;cj'%,$+()8;'G./'-/0#%"0',1'"./'0"#+&'0.,9'".$"6'()'8/)/-$%6'1,,+'0$1/"&l'$-/'-$"/+'$0'8,,+'
9(".'^J;UK'j6'7(,"/!.'1,,+0'9(".'[c;gK'j6@V$%+/-,)'/"'$%;6'DEDDF;;'
!"#$%&'M.'Functional+relationship+between+variables+
'
161
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
I!!,-+()8' ",' "./' 3-/2(,#0' 1(8#-/6' ("' (0' 8/)/-$%%&' ,70/-2/+' ".$"' "./' %,9/0"' 0!,-/0' ()' "./' A,4/'
T/0,#-!/0'+(4/)0(,)'$-/'$%0,'$00,!($"/+'9(".'%,9'0!,-/0'()'"./'V,)0#43"(,)'X$""/-)0'+(4/)0(,)6'9.(%/'
"./'0!,-/0'()'7,".'$03/!"0'$%0,'0.,9'"./'0$4/'-/%$"(,)0.(3'@`(/-'Xu-/=6'DEDDF;@`(/-'Xu-/=6'DEDDF;'G.(0'
7/.$2(,-'4$L/0'("'!%/$-'".$"'()'8/)/-$%6'$0'V,)0#43"(,)'X$""/-)0'(43-,2/6'Nutrition Labeling (43-,2/0;'
*+,-&+M.+Correlation+analysis+between+variables+
++
!339':+;&<='
:8&+%0+
172'U63'
V$<%"<"31+-'
?+,&-"1#'
43%%&-+<"31'
43&;;"5"&1<'
,811**+
:"#.'
W,"-+<&%+-X'
0+
V'
1001+
**.+Correlation+is+significant+at+the+0.01+level+(bilateral).+
N3,)' 1()+()8' ),):3$-$4/"-(!' +$"$6' H3/$-4$)50' T.,' !,--/%$"(,)' 9$0' $33%(/+6' 1()+()8' $' .(8.'
-/%$"(,)0.(3'@THd'E;UJJF'7/"9//)'1,,+'0$1/"&'$)+'Nutrition Labeling 9.(!.'$-/'$%0,'.(8.%&'0(8)(1(!$)"'$"'
@XvE;E^F;'
!"#$%&'N.'Biplot+
'
O)'"./'$70/)!/',1'"/!.)(!$%'L),9%/+8/6'!,)0#4/-0',1"/)'-/%&',)'+(-/!"',-'./#-(0"(!'!#/06'0#!.'$0'"./(-'
3/-!/3"(,)',1'"./')$"#-$%)/00',1'1,,+'"/!.),%,8&6'"./(-'$2/-0(,)'",'"./'#)L),9)'$)+'"./(-'"-#0"'()'"./'
1,,+'()+#0"-&;''
162
VISUAL'Review,'16(4),'2024,'pp.'151-170'
!
'
'
*+,-&'N.'Principal+Normalization+(Baricentric+Scaling)$
'
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
'
'
'
'
G./'3,0("(2/'$)+'0(8)(1(!$)"'!,--/%$"(,)0'!,)1(-4'"./'1$!"'".$"'$0'R,,+'H$1/"&'(43-,2/06'Nutrition
Labeling (43-,2/0;'
4.#Conclusions#
G./'#0/',1'$#+(,2(0#$%'",,%0'()'7(,"/!.),%,8&'1,,+'0$1/"&'$00/004/)"'/4/-8/0'$0'$)'/00/)"($%'!,43,)/)"'
()'"./'#)+/-0"$)+()8'$)+'/11/!"(2/'!,44#)(!$"(,)',1'"./'!,43%/<'3-,!/00/0'$00,!($"/+'9(".'8/)/"(!'
4,+(1(!$"(,)'$)+'1,,+'3-,+#!"(,);'G./0/'",,%0'),"',)%&'1$!(%("$"/'"./'(+/)"(1(!$"(,)',1'3,"/)"($%'.$=$-+0'
$)+' !-("(!$%' 3,()"0' ()' "./' 1,,+' !.$()6' 7#"' $%0,' (43-,2/' "./' ()"/-3-/"$"(,)' ,1' /3(+/4(,%,8(!$%' $)+'
",<(!,%,8(!$%'+$"$;''
_(11(!#%"&'()'+(0"()8#(0.()8'7/"9//)')#"-(/)"0'$)+'"./(-'!,)!/)"-$"(,)06'0/)0,-&'1#)!"(,)0',1'1,,+06'
0,'("'(0')/!/00$-&6'1,,+'()+#0"-&'!%$(40'$7,#"'"./')#"-("(,)$%'3-,3/-"(/0',1'1,,+'%$7/%0'0,'".$"'!#0",4/-0'
!$)'!.,,0/'",'4$L/'$)'()1,-4/+'3#-!.$0/'9./-/'$33-,3-($"/;'
`,0"'3/,3%/'/<3/!"'"./'#0/',1'%$7/%0'",'.$2/'$'3,0("(2/'/11/!"',)'"./(-'./$%".6'()'$++("(,)'",'/+#!$"(,)'
$)+'3-,3/-')#"-("(,);'N0()8'%$7/%0'$0'$'1,,+'()1,-4$"(,)'",,%6'$1"/-'()+#0"-($%(=$"(,)6'&,#'!$)'/0"(4$"/'
!$%,-(/0' $)+' )#"-(/)"0' !,)0#4/+' $!!,-+()8' ",' +$(%&' )//+0' $)+' 4$()"$()' "./' -(8."' 7$%$)!/6' ".#0'
3-,4,"()8;' A/$%".' 3-,4,"(,)' 1-,4' 1,,+;' X/,3%/' 9(".' ,7/0("&' 3-,7%/406' .$2/' $)&' 0(8)(1(!$)"'
!,4,-7(+("&'0#!.'$0'+($7/"/06'.&3/-"/)0(,)6'3/,3%/'9(".'/%/2$"/+'7%,,+'%(3(+0',-'9.,')//+'",'1,%%,9'$'
03/!($%'+(/"'3%$)'.,3/1#%%&6'9(%%'7/'$7%/'",'#0/'%$7/%0'",'!.,,0/'9.(!.'1,,+0'",'()!%#+/x'
b&'3-,2(+()8'!%/$-'$)+'$!!/00(7%/'8-$3.(!$%'-/3-/0/)"$"(,)06'"-$)03$-/)!&'(0'3-,4,"/+'$)+'3#7%(!'
!,)1(+/)!/'(0'0"-/)8"./)/+'7&'3-,2(+()8'#)+/-0"$)+$7%/'()1,-4$"(,)',)'7(,"/!.),%,8(!$%'$+2$)!/0'()'
1,,+'3-,+#!"(,);'G./'-,%/',1'2(0#$%'",,%0'(0'),"',)%&'%(4("/+'",'"./'0!(/)"(1(!'03./-/6'7#"'$%0,'3%$&0'$'
!-#!($%'-,%/'()'3-,4,"()8'/11/!"(2/'!,44#)(!$"(,)'7/"9//)'0!(/)"(0"06'-/8#%$",-0'$)+'"./'8/)/-$%'3#7%(!6'
".#0'!,)"-(7#"()8'",'$'4,-/'()1,-4/+'$)+'7$%$)!/+'$33-,$!.'",'7(,0$1/"&:-/%$"/+'+/!(0(,):4$L()8;''
G./'%("/-$"#-/',)'!,)0#4/-'3/-!/3"(,)0',1')/9'1,,+'"/!.),%,8(/0'@/03/!($%%&'8/)/"(!'/)8()//-()8'
@]GF6')$),"/!.),%,8&6'!#%"#-/+'4/$"'$)+'1,,+'(--$+($"(,)F'-/%$"/+'",'1,,+'3-,+#!"(,)6'3-/3$-$"(,)'$)+'
3-/0/-2$"(,);''
G./'"/-4'?),2/%"&?'-/1/-0'",'"./'()"-,+#!"(,)',1'$'"/!.),%,8&'()",'"./'4$-L/"6'),"')/!/00$-(%&'",'("0'
()2/)"(,);' I%".,#8.' 1,,+' (--$+($"(,)' 9$0' +/2/%,3/+' ()' "./' %$0"' !/)"#-&6' ("' .$0' ,)%&' -/!/)"%&' 7//)'
()"-,+#!/+'()'0,4/'!,#)"-(/06'$)+'7/!$#0/'(--$+($"/+'1,,+0'$-/'$!!/3"/+'()'0,4/'!,#)"-(/0'7#"'),"'()'
,"./-06' 9/' 0"(%%' !,)0(+/-' ("' ",' 7/' $' )/9' "/!.),%,8&;' ' M/' +,' ),"' /<$4()/' .,9' /<3/-"0' -$"/' $8-(1,,+'
"/!.),%,8(/06'7#"',)%&'1,!#0',)'"./'1$!",-0'".$"'()1%#/)!/'!,)0#4/-'$""("#+/0'$)+'$!!/3"$)!/',1'0#!.'
"/!.),%,8(/0;'''
163
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
I!!,-+()8' ",' "./' !,--/%$"(,)' $)$%&0(06' R,,+' H$1/"&' 0.,90' $' -/%$"(2/%&' .(8.' !,--/%$"(,)' 9(".'
b(,"/!.),%,8&' R,,+0' $)+' 9(".' ("0' +(4/)0(,)0' -/03/!"(2/%&;' G./' !,--/%$"(,)0' 1,#)+' /2(+/)!/+' $'
0(8)(1(!$)!/6' H(8;mE;EEE6' %,9/-' ".$)' E;E^6' 9.(!.' %/$+0' ",' -/a/!"' "./' )#%%' .&3,"./0(0' $)+' $!!/3"' "./'
$%"/-)$"(2/' -/0/$-!.' .&3,"./0(06' 9.(!.' ()+(!$"/0' ".$"' R,,+' H$1/"&' 0(8)(1(!$)"%&' ()1%#/)!/0' b(,"/!.'
R,,+0;@H.$.a$.$)'/"'$%;6'DEDDF;;'G./'3,0("(2/'0(8)',1'"./'!,--/%$"(,)0'!,)1(-40'"./'3,0("(2/'-/%$"(,)0.(3'
".$"'/<(0"0'7/"9//)'"./'2$-($7%/0'()2/0"(8$"/+6'9.(!.'$%%,90'()1/--()8' ".$"'$0' R,,+'H$1/"&'(43-,2/06'
b(,"/!.' R,,+0' (43-,2/0;' I0' 1,-' "./' /11/!"(2/)/00' ,1' "./' 1-,)":/)+' )#"-("(,)' %$7/%()8' 0&0"/4' ()' "./'
3#-!.$0/'+/!(0(,)6'("'()+(!$"/0'".$"'("'!$)'0(8)(1(!$)"%&'(43-,2/'("6'3-,4,"()8'#0/-0'",',3"'1,-'./$%".(/-'
3-,+#!"0;'G.(0'(0'/2(+/)!/+'7&'"./'1$!"'".$"'"./'4$a,-("&',1'#0/-0'3$-"(!(3$"()8'()'".(0'-/0/$-!.'()+(!$"/'
".$"'"./'%$7/%()8'()2("/0'"./4'",'-/1%/!"',)'"./'3#-!.$0/',1'!/-"$()'3-,+#!"0;'
O)+(2(+#$%' +(11/-/)!/0' ()' 3/,3%/50' $""("#+/0' ",9$-+' 1,,+' "/!.),%,8&' !$)' 7/' /<3%$()/+' 7&' 4$)&'
3/-0,)$%("&' "-$("06' 0#!.' $0' 1,,+' 3.,7($0' $)+' 1,,+' $2/-0(,)0;' _(0!#00' "./' L/&' 1$!",-0' ".$"' ()1%#/)!/'
!,)0#4/-'$!!/3"$)!/',1'$'3$-"(!#%$-'1,,+'"/!.),%,8&;'
'
!
!
! !
164
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
'
'
References!
I%4/(+$6'O;'b;'X;'@DEJKF;'b(,"/!.),%,8&'!,)"-(7#"(,)0'",'-(!/'(43-,2/4/)"'()'*!#$+,-;'!"#$%&'()$"*&+,$-'(
.)/)0.1)026'3@^F6'J:DD;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;DJU^^h/!,!(/)!($;S^;DD^'
I-/%%$),6'q;'V;6'Z'R(8#/-,$6'C;'i;'_;'@DEDDF;'X%$)"'8/),4(!'/+("()8d'I'7(,"/!.),%,8(!$%'",,%'",'/)0#-/'1,,+'
0/!#-("&;' 040/( 5678*'9( 6,( :-$"*&$,$-( ;$%%"<$*'&$6*6' =@[F6' JK:DJ;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;JJUSh0gg[[E:
EDg:EEEE[:S'
I--(7$0'X%$=$6'I;'+/%'V;'@DEDDF;'>96?'9(,86*&@"*A(*7&8$&$6*(9'?"9$*B(%C%&"<%D(E&$9$&C(6,(&F"(17&8$@:-68"(:C%&"<;'
@G-$7$a,'R()'+/']-$+,6'N)(2/-0(+$+'+/'i$%%$+,%(+F;'.""30dhh#2$+,!;#2$;/0h.$)+%/hJE[Dgh^g[c['
b-$2,6'*;'@DEJcF;'\)'.,9'0$)("$-&' $)+' 1,,+' 0$1/"&' 0"$)+$-+0' ".-/$"/)' 3/$0$)"' 3-,+#!"(,)' ()' *!#$+,-;'
2*&86G696B+'()7'A"8*6%(A"(0*#"%&$B'-$H*6'IJ6'^S;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;DSUEch$)";2E(Jc;UK'
b-(",06'H;6'b,-86'I;6']#(-$%+/06'V;6'Z'b-(",6'];'@DEJUF;'T/2(/9',)'R-,)":,1:R,,+'Q$7/%()8'$)+'C#"-(/)"'X-,1(%()8'
H&0"/40'()'"./'1-$4/9,-L',1'X#7%(!'X,%(!&'+/0(8);';'&"(!"&8$"#"A(K86<(;6-7<"*&6'L6'DEJU;'
V$%+/-k)' V(0)/-,06' f;6' b$7(!(6' i;' T;6' `#Y(=6' I;' X;6' Z' T,)>#(%%,6' *;' I;' @DEDDF;' _/1#)!(,)/0' 1/"$%/0' !,4,'
3-,7%/4$',')$"#-$%(+$+'+/'%$'4$+-/d'R/"$%' +/$".0' $0' 3-,7%/4' ,-')$"#-/',1'"./'4,"./-;'!"#$%&'(
)$"*&+,$-'(.-6-$"*-$'6'M6'DEK:DDJ;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;DJU^^h/!,!(/)!($;KE;cSD'
V$%+/-k)'V(0)/-,06'f;6'V.(47,6'P;'`;6'G-/a,6'V;'I;6'i$%+/=6'P;'];6'Z'i(%%$-+k)6'f;'Q;'@DEJKF;'`#%"(2$-($"/'I)$%&0(0'
,1'*4,"(,)$%' I03/!"0'$)+'`#%"(3%/' O)"/%%(8/)!/0'()'"./'_(8("$%'*-$;'!"#$%&'( 0?N8$-'( A"( :$%&"<'%( "(
O"-*696B$'%(A"(0*,68<'PQ66'R@JUF6'D[g:Dgg;'
V$%+/-k)'V(0)/-,06'f;'G;'@DEDJF;'R#)!"(,)$%'+$"$'$)$%&0(0'@R_IF'$33%(/+'",'"./'4$()'!$#0/0',1'4,-"$%("&'()'
*!#$+,-' JKKc:DEDJd' $' +/4,8-$3.(!' 0"#+&;' @G/0(0' _,!",-$%6' N)(2/-0(+$+' +/' H$%$4$)!$F;''
.""3dhh.+%;.$)+%/;)/"hJE[SShJgK[[K'
V$)"#Y$'G/%%,6'];6'\-+,Y/='G,--/06'V;6'I&$%$6'f;'Q;6'Z'\-"(=6'X;'@DEDJF;'C#"-("(,)$%'%$7/%()8',1'3-,!/00/+'1,,+0'
@)#"-("(,)$%' "-$11(!' %(8."F' $)+' ("0' -/%$"(,)0.(3' 9(".' 0,!(,/!,),4(!6' !#%"#-$%6' +/4,8-$3.(!' $)+'
$+2/-"(0()8'1$!",-06'$!!,-+()8'",'3$-/)"0',1'!.(%+-/)'$8/+'^:JJ'&/$-0'1-,4'"9,'0!.,,%0'()'y#(",;'
!"#$%&'( .-7'&68$'*'( A"( S"A$'&8+'6' RR@[F6' J:Jg;' .""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;^DEJJhJ[[;'
.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;^DEJJhJ[[;'
Q$"()' I4/-(!$)' V/)"/-' 1,-' T#-$%' _/2/%,34/)"' @DEDDF;' `ICNIQ' `*G\_\Q\]z]OV\' *)!#/0"$' +/'
H/8#-(+$+'I%(4/)"$-($'&'I%(4/)"$!(k);'!$<$%G;'
V/3/+$'b#0",06'`;'G;'@DED[F;'2*'9C%$%(6,(<'8T"&$*B(%&8'&"B$"%(7%"A('&(&F"(G6$*&(6,(%'9"(,68(&F"(G86<6&$6*(6,(
,66A(G86A7-&%('$<"A('&(&F"(:G'*$%F(%-F669(G6G79'&$6*;'
V,%%$)"/0'H$)",06'O;'O;'@DEJUF;'.#'97'&$6*(6,(&F"(7%"(6,(&F"(*7&8$&$6*'9(&8',,$-(9$BF&(9'?"9($*(&F"()"*&8'9(;$%&8$-&(
6,(U7$&6;'y#(",d'N)(2/-0(+$+'+/'%$0'I4u-(!$06'DEJU;'
V#$+-$06' V;' `;' @DEEcF;' 1.V( W.OX/;:( /K( WEYO0Z2!02O.( 212Y[:0:D(
.""3dhh999;/0";#![4;/0h/03h)#/2$w+,!/)!($h8/"$1/h/0"$+(0"(!$h$)$%(0(0w4#%"(2$-($)"/h+,!w8/
)/-(!$h$-!.(2,0h4/",+,0;3+1'
V#/%%$-'HB)!./=6'_;'`;6'V#--/$'b,"/-,6'f;'H;6'`/0$'HB/)=6'H;'I;6'H,!.$'`(-$)+$6'*;'V;6'Z'i$-8$0'X/Y$%,=$6'I;'R;'
@DEDJF;' 4"%&( G8'-&$-"%( 6,( ,86*&'9( ,66A( 9'?"9$*B( '*A( $&%( $<G'-&( 6*( &F"( G6G79'&$6*( 6,( 46B6&\;'
H3/!($%(=$"(,)'()'X-,a/!"'`$)$8/4/)";'
_/' %$' R#/)"/' R/-)$)+/=6' H;' @DEJJF;' H(43%/' $)+' `#%"(3%/' V,--/03,)+/)!/' I)$%&0(0;' K'-D( .-6*6<$-%( '*A(
47%$*"%%(2A<$*$%&8'&$6*6'^U;'
_($=:_($=6' X;' H;' @DEDJF;' !'*A6<$]"A( -6*&8699"A( &8$'9( 6*( &F"( ",,"-&( 6,( &^6( $*&"8G8"&$#"( ,86*&@"*A( *7&8$&$6*(
9'?"9$*B(%C%&"<%(_^'8*$*B(9'?"9%(#%D(17&8$@:-68"`(6*(,66A('*A(?"#"8'B"(G78-F'%"($*&"*&$6*%;'
*!L$-"6' V;6' Z' ]' q,#)8' @JK[SF;' G./' $33-,<(4$"(,)' ,1' ,)/' 4$"-(<' 7&' $),"./-' ,1' %,9/-' -$)L;' :G8$*B"8D(
.""30dhh(+3;03-()8/-;!,4h$#".,-(=/h!$0$x-/+(-/!"w#-(m.""30dhh%()L;03-()8/-;!,4h$-"(!%/hJE;JEE
chbREDDUU[ScZ!$0$w",L/)m]ay+yHC{1X,IIIIId2G*)K^>]c:>*E/Ib9V{`TL$o:
yygNIgCG/E#!A`qb.E{[(*"&$3y-R_1&X4K2PQ[.M1S+_HQ7aUyGJ{&'
*!L$-"6' V;6' Z' ]' q,#)8' @JK[KF;' I' 3-()!(3$%' $<(0' "-$)01,-4$"(,)' 1,-' ),):A/-4("($)' 4$"-(!/0;' 2<%D/8BD(
.""30dhh999;$40;,-8h7#%%hJK[K:g^:EDhHEEED:KKEg:JK[K:ESKJE:[h'
R$(6'I;'*;'V;6'H"$41,-+6'G;'V;'`;6'Z'H"$41,-+6'G;'Q;'`;'@DEEUF;'b(,"/!.),%,8(!$%'3,"/)"($%',1'!.(",0$)'()'1,,+'
3-/0/-2$"(,)'0&0"/40;'!"#$%&'(0?"86'<"8$-'*'(A"(S69+<"86%6'M@^F6'g[^:g^J;'
R/--/(-$6'V;'V;'V;'b;6'+/'\%(2/(-$6'H;'+/'\;'Q;6'Z'T,0$),2$6'V;'@DEDEF;'b(,"/!),%,8($;'.*-6*&86(0*&"8*'-$6*'9(A"(
>"%&Q6a(;"%"*#69#$<"*&6("(0*6#'PQ6(_.0>.;01`6'=@JF;'
165
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
!
!
!
R(8#/-,$6'_;'@DEJSF;'`/$0#-()8'1,,+'$)+')#"-("(,)'0/!#-("&;'5678*'9(6,(S7?9$-(X"'9&F('*A(17&8$&$6*6'I6'J:[E;'
.""30dhh08$;#)/4(;/+#;/!h4/+($h$-!.(2,4$"/-($hDEDDhE^hDUh$-!.(2,4$"/-($%wDEDD^DUJKD[^
S;3+1;''
R-/(-/:X/Y$./--/-$1'6'I;6'Z'V/2$%%,0:V/2$%%,0:V/2$%%,06'f;'`;'@DEJKF;'2A#'*-"%($*(4$6%-$"*-"%('*A(K66A(:',"&C(
$*(.-7'A68@RbIM;'
]IbTO*Q6'P;'T;'@JKcJF;'G./'7(3%,"'8-$3.(!'+(03%$&',1'4$"-(!/0'9(".'$33%(!$"(,)'",'3-()!(3$%'!,43,)/)"'
$)$%&0(0;'4$6<"&8$T'6'Lc@[F6'g^[:gSc;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;JEK[h7(,4/"h^U;[;g^['
]$47,$6'`;'I;'V;6'b/-4/,:X$#!$-6'f;6'I-!,06'I;'I;'i;6'Z'V$%+/-,)'V(0)/-,06'f;'G;'@DEDDF;'i(-"#$%'%/$-)()8'()'
3#7%(!' /+#!$"(,)' $)+' ("0' ()1%#/)!/' ,)' $!$+/4(!' 3/-1,-4$)!/;' !"#$%&'( 0?N8$-'( A"( :$%&"<'%( "(
O"-*696B$'%(A"(0*,68<'PQ66'.Ld6'c[:US;'
]$47,$6'`;'I;'V;6'b/-4/,:X$#!$-6'f;6'I-!,06'I;'I;'i;6'Z'V(0)/-,06'f;'G;'V;'@DEDDF;'i(-"#$%'%/$-)()8'()'3#7%(!'
/+#!$"(,)'$)+'("0'()1%#/)!/',)'$!$+/4(!'3/-1,-4$)!/;'!"#$%&'(0?N8$-'(A"(:$%&"<'%("(O"-*696B$'%(A"(
0*,68<'PQ66'.Ld6'c[:US;'
]$--,:`,)8/6' ];' @DEJcF;' V-,3' $)+'7(,"/!.' 1,,+' 0$1/"&6'?DE' &/$-0' ,1' !,44/-!($%(=$"(,);?' O"-*696B+'( .*(
W'8-F'(5678*'96'db@DF6'Sc:cg;'
],%#76'];'A;6'Z'T/()0!.6'V;'@JKcJF;'A$)+7,,L'H/-(/0'Q()/$-'I%8/7-$'H()8#%$-'i$%#/'_/!,43,0("(,)'$)+'Q/$0"'
H>#$-/0' H,%#"(,)0|;' O)' :G8$*B"8( @i,%;' JgF;'
.""3dhh3/,3%/;+#L/;/+#h}.38$2()hH&0"/4O_hT/1/-/)!/0h],%#7nT/()0!.:C`:JKcE;3+1;'
]#"(u--/='HB)!./=6'T;'@DEEUF;'V,--/03,)+/)!/'I)$%&0(0;'W79&$#'8$'&"(2*'9C%$%(K68(:6-$696B$%&%(E%$*B(:S::6'
JES:JJS;'
A$L(46'`;'X;6'{$)/""$6'Q;'_;6'+/'\%(2/(-$6'f;'`;6'Z'+$'V#).$6'_;'G;'@DEDEF;'G./'4$)+$",-&'%$7/%()8',1'8/)/"(!$%%&'
4,+(1(/+' 1,,+0' ()' b-$=(%d' V,)0#4/-50' L),9%/+8/6' "-#0"6' $)+' -(0L' 3/-!/3"(,);' K66A( !"%"'8-F(
0*&"8*'&$6*'96'IdR6'JEKE^[;'
A/-)B)+/=:C$2$6'Q;'];6'*8)/%%6'`;6'I8#(%$-:H$%()$06'V;'I;6'Vk-+,2$:i(%%$%,7,06'f;'~;6'b$--(8#/"/:`/%u)+/=6'f;'I;6'
X/""(8-/96' H;6' A/-!7/-86' H;6' f#%($6' V;6' Z' ]$%B)6' X;' @DEDEF;' O43$!"' ,1' +(11/-/)"' 1,,+' 1-,)"' %$7/%()8'
$!!,-+()8'",')#"-("(,)$%'>#$%("&d'$'!,43$-$"(2/'0"#+&'()'`/<(!,;'S7?9$-(X"'9&F(6,(W"e$-66'3I6'SEK:
SJU;'
A(+$%8,'b/-4/,6'i;'`;'@DEJKF;'0*-$A"*-"(6,(G86A7-&(&8',,$-(9$BF&('*A(<'8T"&$*B(%&8'&"B$"%(G86G6%'9(,68(&F"(
G78-F'%"(A"-$%$6*%(6,(-6*%7<"8%($*(&F"(-$&C(6,()7"*-';'N)(2/-0("&',1'I=#$&;'
A(+$%8,6' f;' R;' A;6' `,-/(-$6' _;' H;' T;6' X(.#$2/6' ];' b;6' Z' V$%+/-,)' V(0)/-,06' f;' G;' @DEDDF;' O43,-"$)!/' ,1' OH\'
0"$)+$-+0'()'()+#0"-($%'3-,!/00/0'1-,4'!,43#"/-'0!(/)!/;'!"#$%&'(0?N8$-'(A"(:$%&"<'%("(O"-*696B$'%(
A"(0*,68<'PQ66'.Ld6'[ES:[Jc;'
A#$%%3$']$%2/=6'Q;'@DEJ^F;'OF"($<G68&'*-"(6,(&8'*%B"*$-(,66A%('*A(&F"$8(",,"-&%(6*(,66A(%"-78$&C;'
A#$4$)!.#4,' C/!(,0#36' T;' H;6' Z' `/+()$' *%%/)6' V;' `;' @DEJKF;' 0<G9"<"*&'&$6*( 6,( :"<'GF68"( %C%&"<( &6(
$<G86#"(&F"(A"9$#"8C(6,(G86A7-&%(G"8(68A"8($*(&F"('8"'(6,(.9"-&86(O6&&7%()F$-9'C6(/G"*a(RbIM;'
f,->#/-$6' _;6' ]$%$-!/6' C;6' Z' b,-(/6' V;' @DEJ^F;' G./' !.$%%/)8/' ,1' !,)"-,%%()8' 1,,+7,-)/' +(0/$0/0d'
7$!"/-(,3.$8/0'$0'$')/9'7(,"/!.),%,8(!$%'",,%;'!"#$%&'()F$9"*'(A"(0*,"-&696B+'6'dR@SF6'ScU:SUU;'
`/%%/#6' X;' R;6' Z' H!,=6' `;'@DEJKF;'_(-/"-(=/0' 3-,a/"#$(0'3$-$' 0(0"/4$0' +/' $+2/-"•)!($'/4'/47$%$8/)0' +/'
$%(4/)",0'#%"-$3-,!/00$+,0€']#(+/%()/0'1,-'M$-)()8'Q$7/%0',)'N%"-$:3-,!/00/+'R,,+'X$!L$8()8;'
0*,6;"%$B*@!"#$%&'(48'%$9"$8'(A"(;"%$B*(;'(0*,68<'PQ66'I3@[F6'[c[:[Uc;'
`(/-'Xu-/=6'Q;'@DEDDF;'Q$'/)0/Y$)=$'+/'%$'+(+B!"(!$'+/'%$'%/)8#$'&'%$'%("/-$"#-$'/)'/+#!$!(k)'0#3/-(,-d'%,0'
-/",0'+#-$)"/'%$'3$)+/4($'V\iO_:JK'&'%$'-/%$!(k)'+/%'$%#4)$+,'!,)'%$'"/!),%,8e$;'Y'(.*%"f'*]'(A"(
Y'(;$A\-&$-'(A"(Y'(Y"*B7'(C(Y'(Y$&"8'&78'(.*(.A7-'-$H*(:7G"8$68g(Y6%(!"&6%(;78'*&"(Y'(S'*A"<$'(
)/Z0;@IM(C(Y'(!"9'-$H*(;"9(297<*'A6()6*(Y'(O"-*696B+'6'J[J:JgD;'
`(-$)+$' Q%,-/)"/6' q;' @DEDDF;' 2*'9C%$%( 6,( <'8T"&$*B( &"-F*$h7"%( '*A( *7&8$&$6*'9( h7'9$&C( 6,( ,66A( G86A7-&%(
G86<6&"A($*(&F"(0*%&'B8'<('--67*&%(<6%&(,6996^"A(?C(:G'*$%F('A69"%-"*&%;'
`,)-,&'],)=B%/06'*;'\;'@DEDEF;';"#"96G<"*&(6,('(#$%7'9(-6<<7*$-'&$6*(%&8'&"BC(,68(:/:()F$9A8"*i%(Z$99'B"%a(
^$&F("<GF'%$%(6*(G"8%7'A$*B(>7'&"<'9'*%(&6(?"-6<"(:/:(,8$"*A%D(>7'&"<'9'a(>7'&"<'9'D'N)(2/-0("&'
,1'H$)'V$-%,0'+/']#$"/4$%$;'
\-"/8$' I)",%e)6' X;' @DED[F;' )6<G'8'&$#"( '*'9C%$%( 6,( ,86*&@6,@G'-T( *7&8$&$6*'9( 9'?"9$*B( 6,( ,66A( G86A7-&(
G'-T'B$*B(A"#"96G"A('*A($<G9"<"*&"A(^689A^$A";'
\-"(='`$-"e)/=6'X;'I;'@DEJKF;';6(*7&8$&$6*(9'?"9$*B(F"9G(&6($<G86#"(-6*%7<"8%i("'&$*B(F'?$&%j'
X/Y$6' _;' @DEEDF;' W79&$#'8$'&"( ;'&'( 2*'9C%$%D( W'A8$Ag( W->8'^( X$99%D(
.""30dhh0!.,%$-;8,,8%/;/0h0!.,%$-x.%m/0Z$0w0+"mEjDV^Z>mX/Y$jDVn_;njDUDEEDjDKn?I)B%(
166
Visual'Tools'for'Food'Safety'Assessment'of'Biotechnological'Products'
'
'
0(0n+/n_$",0n`#%"(2$-($)"/0;?;n`$+-(+jDVn*03$Y$Z7")]m'
Xu-/=6'O;'@DEJKF;'b(,"/!.),%,8&'!,)"-(7#"(,)0'",'-(!/'7-//+()8'()'*!#$+,-;'!"#$%&'()$"*&+,$-'(.-6-$"*-$'(6'
3@^F6'J:DD;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;DJU^^h/!,!(/)!($;S^;DD^'
T/4$!./'I0>#(6'T;'`;'@DEDgF;'Z$%7'9($*,97"*-"(6,(G'-T'B$*B(6*(&F"(G78-F'%"(A"-$%$6*(6,(G8$#'&"(9'?"9(G86A7-&%(
$*(A$,,"8"*&(%7G"8<'8T"&%($*(&F"(-$&C(6,(!$6?'<?'D'T(,7$47$;'
T,+-e8#/=6'*;'f;'f;'\;6'O)0#$0"(6'f;'X;6'G-#a(%%,6'I;'H;'_;6'I)+-u06'];6'V$0"-,6'X;6'I--,&$2/6'V;'X;'H;6'Z'H,",6'V;'I;'X;'
@DEJUF;'*+(7%/'4#0.-,,4'3-,+#!"(,)'()'"./'1$!/',1'*!#$+,-50'1,,+'!-(0(0;'4$68",$*"8C(5678*'9(Z696'
I@JF;'
T,&,'b,-+,)$+$6'`;'~;'@DEDDF;'G./'7$""%/',1'()"/-3-/"(2/'1-,)":/)+'%$7/%()8'()'H3$();'O)'>'-"&'(:'*$&'8$'(
_i,%;'[S6'33;'Kc:KKF;'H!(*Q\'X#7%(!'A/$%".;'JE;JEJSha;8$!/"$;DEDJ;EU;EEc'
T#(=' _/' %$' V-#=6' I;' _;' @DEJUF;' 2*'9C%$%( 6,( -6*%7<"8( G"8-"G&$6*( &6^'8A%( &F"( 9'?"9$*B( 6,( G86-"%%"A( ,66A%(
-6*&'$*$*B( &8'*%B"*$-k( $*B8"A$"*&%k;' @`B0"/-' G/0(06' N)(2/-0(+$+' +/' y#(",F;'
.""3dhh7(7+(8("$%;/3);/+#;/!h.$)+%/hJ^EEEhJKEKJ'
T#-$%6'V;'Q;'1,-'_;'@DEDDF;'HNTi*q;'!$<$%G6'g:c;'
H$)",0:I)",)(,6' ];6' b-$2,:T/7$""$6' R;6' i/%$-+/:_/%8$+,6' X;6' Z' I-$47#-#6' I;' @DEJK$F;' *11/!"0' ,1' 1-,)"'
)#"-("(,)'%$7/%()8',1'1,,+0'$)+'7/2/-$8/0d'0&),30(0',1'0&0"/4$"(!'-/2(/90;'S'*(2<"8$-'*(5678*'9(6,(
S7?9$-(X"'9&F6'=d;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;DSS[[hTXHX;DEJK;SD'
H$)",0:I)",)(,6'];6' b-$2,:T/7$""$6' R;6' i/%$-+/:_/%8$+,6' X;6'Z'I-$47#-#6' I;' @DEJK7F;' *11/!"0',1'1-,)":,1:
3$!L$8/' )#"-("(,)$%' %$7/%()8' ,1' 1,,+' $)+' 7/2/-$8/0d' 0&),30(0' ,1' 0&0"/4$"(!' -/2(/90*1/(",0' +I'
-,"#%$8/4')#"-(!(,)$%'1-,)"$%'+/'$%(4/)",0'*'7/7(+$0d'0#4B-(,'+/'/0"#+,0'+/'-/2(0•,'0(0"/4B"(!$;'
!"#$%&'( S'*'<"8$-'*'( A"( :'97A( S7?9$-'l( S'*( 2<"8$-'*( 5678*'9( 6,( S7?9$-( X"'9&F6' =d6' /SD:/SD;'
.""30dhh3#74/+;)!7(;)%4;)(.;8,2h[Jg^SUJKh'
H.$.a$.$)6' T;' I;6' *0"/-$6' I;' Q;6' H#-%$6' P;' Q;6' Z' *+9$-+06' P;' G;' @DEDDF;' ?_/!,%,)(=()8?' V#--(!#%#4' $)+'
X/+$8,8&d' I' V,43$-$"(2/' T/2(/9' I!-,00' _(0!(3%()/0' $)+' ]%,7$%' A(8./-' *+#!$"(,)' V,)"/<"0;' O)'
!"#$"^(6,(.A7-'&$6*'9(!"%"'8-F(@i,%;'KD6'O00#/'JF;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;[JEDhEE[gS^g[DJJEgDgD[;'
.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;[JEDhEE[gS^g[DJJEgDgD[;'
H(%%/-,'T/ak)6'V;'@DEDEF;':6-$'9(<'8T"&$*B(&F867BF(G'-T'B$*Bg(0*#"%&$B'&$*B(&F"(",,"-&%(6,('9-6F69('*A(&6?'--6(
9'?"9$*B( 6*( #$%7'9( '&&"*&$6*a( 8"'-&$6*%( '*A( '&&$&7A"%;' @G/0(0' _,!",-$%6' N)(2/-0(+$+' +/'
]-$)$+$F;''.""3dhh.+%;.$)+%/;)/"hJEgUJh^KU^['
G/%%,6'];'V;6'G,--/06'V;'\;6'I&$%$6'f;'Q;6'Z'\-"(=6'X;'@DEDJF;'C#"-("(,)$%'%$7/%()8',1'3-,!/00/+'1,,+0'@)#"-("(,)$%'
"-$11(!' %(8."F' $)+' ("0' -/%$"(,)0.(3' 9(".' 0,!(,/!,),4(!6' !#%"#-$%6' +/4,8-$3.(!' $)+' $+2/-"(0()8'
1$!",-06'$!!,-+()8'",'3$-/)"0',1'!.(%+-/)'$8/+'^:JJ'&/$-0'1-,4'"9,'0!.,,%0'()'y#(",d'\-(8()$%'I-"(!%/;'
!"#$%&'(.-7'&68$'*'(A"(S"A$'&8+'6'RR@[F6'DJ:DD;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;^DEJJhJ[['
G("#$Y$'X#/)"/6'I;'V;'@DEJKF;'.#'97'&$6*(6,(&F"(G6&"*&$'9(7%"(6,(&F"(-6968'*&("e&8'-&"A(,86<('#6-'A6(_S"8%"'(
'<"8$-'*'`(%""A('%('(,7*-&$6*'9(,66A(G86A7-&;'y#(",;'
G,--/06'O;'*;'];6']#/--$6'f;'O;'];6'Z'X(),06'O;'`;'Q;'@DED[F;'_(8("$%'/+#!$"(,)$%'8#(+/',1'?A/$%".&'*$"()8?'1,-'
!,)0#43"(,)'.$7("0'()'0"#+/)"0',1'"./'b#0()/00'I+4()(0"-$"(,)'V$-//-:*HX\VA;'!"#$%&'(0<'B$*'8$6(
:6-$'96'3@JF;'.""3dhh-/2(0"$:(4$8()$-(,0,!($%;!,4h()+/<;3.3h/0h()+/<'
G-/a,6'V;'*;'I;6'V(0)/-,06'f;'G;'V;6'Z'b$7(!(6'i;'T;'@DEJUF;'X-,"/!"()8'>#$%("&',1'%(1/'-(8."0'1,-',%+/-'$+#%"0;'X,0,-a$'
$)+'X#)$'!,44#)("(/0;'S"8%6*'(C(4$6N&$-'6'RR@JF6'KE:JED;'
G-/a,'\0"(6'Q;'*;6'T$4e-/='`,-/),6'*;6'Z'T#2$%!$7$'Q/+/=4$6'f;'V;'@DEDJF;'*11/!"',1'1-,)"$%'9$-)()8'%$7/%()8'
,1'1,,+'$)+'7/2/-$8/0;'G./'/<3/-(/)!/',1',"./-'Q$"()'I4/-(!$)'!,#)"-(/0;'5678*'9(6,(1"B'&$#"('*A(
16(S6%$&$#"(!"%79&%6'3@cF6'Kcc:KKE;'.""30dhh+<;+,(;,-8hJE;JKD[Eha,))3-;gJcS'
G-(3",%/4,06' R;' @DEDDF;' T*X\TG' ,)' 1-,)":,1:1,,+' %$7/%()8d' )#"-("(,)$%' "-$11(!' %(8."06' ?C#"-(:H!,-/?' $)+'
,"./-0;' 2)O2@)Y6' J36' ^:J[;'
.""30dhh$8-(!#%"#-$;8/)!$";!$"h9/7h;!,)"/)"h+/w+/3$-"$4/)"h+/JEw3#7%(!$!(,)0w+$-h+/JEw7E[w
$%(4/)"$!(,:!,4#)(!$!(,h+,!#4/)"0h1("</-0:7()$-(0hE^:I&V:/0;3+1'
M$"/-1(/%+6'];6'P$3%$)6'H;6'Z'{(%7/-4$)6'_;'@DEDEF;'M(%%()8)/00'",'3$&'2/-0#0'9(%%()8)/00'",'2,"/d'!,)0#4/-'
$)+' 2,"/-' $2,(+$)!/' ,1' 8/)/"(!$%%&' 4,+(1(/+' 1,,+0;' 2<"8$-'*( 5678*'9( 6,( 2B8$-79&78'9( .-6*6<$-%6'
IbR@DF6'^E^:^Dg;'.""30dhh+,(;,-8hJE;JEEDh$a$/;JDEEJ'
q,#)86' ];6' Z' IH' A,#0/.,%+/-' @JK[UF;' _(0!#00(,)' ,1' $' 0/"' ,1' 3,()"0' ()' "/-40' ,1' "./(-' 4#"#$%' +(0"$)!/0;'
:G8$*B"8D(
.""30dhh(+3;03-()8/-;!,4h$#".,-(=/h!$0$x-/+(-/!"w#-(m.""30dhh%()L;03-()8/-;!,4h$-"(!%/hJE;JEE
chbREDDUcKJSZ!$0$w",L/)mqC3SSEb8ToyIIIIId%Cac#``2N:
167
