
3
55 billion euros, equivalent to 70% of the trans-
fers allocated under the plan, making Spain the EU
country that has received the highest volume of
non-repayable funds. These resources have sup-
ported strategic investments aimed at moderniz-
ing the production model and boosting long-term
potential growth.
Spain’s strong economic performance has fa-
cilitated continued fiscal consolidation. The
public debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to fall below
101% by the end of 2025—23 percentage points
lower than its pandemic-era peak. The public deficit
will decline to below 3% of GDP for the first time
since 2019, in line with the European Union’s fis-
cal framework.
The year 2026 will mark another milestone:
Spain will no longer be subject to European
post-programme surveillance. Following the
December 2025 payment, more than 75% of the
loan granted by the European Stability Mechanism
in 2012 for the recapitalization of the financial
system will have been repaid.
The Spanish Treasury has successfully exe-
cuted its 2025 financing programme, closing
the year with almost 54.775 billion euros
in net issuance—5 billion less than initially
planned. As in previous years, net issuance was
focused on medium- and long-term instruments,
which accounted for 49.792 billion euros, while the
remaining 4.984 billion corresponded to Letras del
Tesoro. In addition, the Treasury received 15.935
billion euros in loans related to the Spanish Re-
covery Plan, which have been channelled into the
economy through the financial instruments defined
in the plan’s addendum.
The debt portfolio continues to reflect pru-
dent, long-term strategic management, char-
acterized by an extended average maturity
and a well-diversified investor base. Average
life has remained stable for the fifth year in a row,
close to the historical peak of eight years reached
in 2021, making our portfolio more resilient to
changes in market conditions. The average cost of
outstanding debt increased by only 10 basis points
compared with 2024, reaching 2.31%, still low by
historical standards. The share of non-resident in-
vestors stands out at 47.8%, the second-highest
level in the Treasury’s historical series.
Looking ahead to 2026, the Treasury will
maintain a strategy of stability and predict-
ability. Planned net financing remains at 55 billion
euros, the same as in 2025. Gross issuance will rise
slightly, in line with a higher volume of scheduled
redemptions. As in recent years, most net financ-
ing—50 billion euros—will be raised through Bonos
and Obligaciones del Estado, while the remaining 5
billion will correspond to Letras del Tesoro, marking
the third consecutive year of positive net issuance
in this instrument. This will support deeper liquidity
FUNDING STRATEGY 2026