Leviticus 16: The Great Day of Atonement PDF Free Download
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Leviticus 16
Written and compiled by Gary Kukis (first draft)
Leviticus 16:1–34 The Great Day of Atonement
These studies are designed for believers in Jesus Christ only. If you have exercised faith in Christ, then you are
in the right place. If you have not, then you need to heed the words of our Lord, Who said, “For God so loved the
world that He gave His only-begotten [or, uniquely-born] Son, so that every [one] believing [or, trusting] in Him shall
not perish, but shall have eternal life! For God did not send His Son into the world so that He should judge the
world, but so that the world shall be saved through Him. The one believing [or, trusting] in Him is not judged, but
the one not believing has already been judged, because he has not believed in the Name of the only-begotten [or,
uniquely-born] Son of God.” (John 3:16–18). “I am the Way and the Truth and the Life! No one comes to the
Father except through [or, by means of] Me!” (John 14:6).
Every study of the Word of God ought to be preceded by a naming of your sins to God. This restores you to
fellowship with God (1John 1:8–10). If there are people around, you would name these sins silently. If there is
no one around, then it does not matter if you name them silently or whether you speak aloud.
Document Navigation
Preface and Quotations Outline of Chapter Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines
Doctrines Alluded to Dictionary of Terms Introduction and Text
Chapter Summary Addendum A Complete Translation
Verse Navigation
Leviticus 16:1–2 Leviticus 16:3–4 Leviticus 16:5–6 Leviticus 16:7–10 Leviticus 16:11–12
Leviticus 16:13–14 Leviticus 16:15–16 Leviticus 16:17–19 Leviticus 16:20–22 Leviticus 16:23–25
Leviticus 16:26–28 Leviticus 16:29–31 Leviticus 16:32–34
Links to the word-by-word, verse-by-verse studies of Leviticus (HTML) (PDF) (WPD) (that is what this document
is). This incorporates 2 previous studies done in the book of Leviticus. However, much of this material was
thrown together without careful editing. Therefore, from time to time, there will be concepts and exegetical
material which will be repeated, because there was no overall editing done once all of this material was combined.
This study makes reference to a wide-range of sources. There are quotations from doctrinal teachers, of course;
but from Catholic commentaries and from other sources as well. Wherever I found relevant truth, I quoted from
it or was inspired by it. Even though it is clear that some churches have a better concept of our reason for being
here, that does not mean that there is no truth to be found anywhere else. So, from time to time, I will quote from
John Calvin, even though I do not subscribe to 5-point Calvinism; I will quote from some Catholic sources, even
though I believe that they are very wrong regarding Mary, the pope, apostolic succession and other such doctrines.
The intention is for this to be the most thorough and accurate study of Leviticus available anywhere.
Leviticus Chapter 16 2
Also, it is not necessary that you read the grey Hebrew exegesis tables. They are set apart from the rest of
the study so that you can easily skip over them (based upon the suggestion of a friend). However, if you ever
doubt the translation of a word, phrase or a verse, these translation tables are then available.
Preface: Aaron or one of his sons will go into the Holy of Holies and perform some rituals which represent the
propitiation of God. This will become the yearly Great Day of Atonement. Most of which Aaron does
in this chapter will be used as a guide for this day for the next 1500 years.
The Bible Summary of Leviticus 16 (in 140 characters or less): Once a year Aaron shall make
atonement for the people. He shall bring one goat as a sin offering and release another as a
scapegoat.1
There are many chapter commentaries on the book of Leviticus. This will be the most extensive examination
of Leviticus 16, where you will be able to examine in depth every word of the original text. Every attempt has been
made to make this both a complete and self-contained study. Therefore, all references, vocabulary, and related
concepts should be found within this extensive study. Easy access links to more in-depth studies of some
vocabulary words, concepts and doctrines are also provided.
Quotations:
Outline of Chapter 16:
Introduction
vv. 1–
vv.
vv.
vv.
vv.
Chapter Summary
Addendum
Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines:
Preface Quotations
Introduction Titles and/or Brief Descriptions of Leviticus 16 (by various commentators)
Introduction Brief, but insightful observations of Leviticus 16 (various commentators)
Introduction Fundamental Questions About Leviticus 16
Introduction The Prequel of Leviticus 16
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction The Principals of Leviticus 16
Introduction The Places of Leviticus 16
Introduction By the Numbers
Introduction Timeline for Leviticus 16
Introduction A Synopsis of Leviticus 16
Introduction Outlines of Leviticus 16 (Various Commentators)
Introduction A Synopsis of Leviticus 16 from the Summarized Bible
Introduction The Big Picture (Leviticus 1–15)
1 From http://www.biblesummary.info/leviticus accessed July 5, 2020.
3 The Book of Leviticus
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction Changes—additions and subtractions (for Leviticus 16)
Introduction
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v. 2 The Ark of God and the Mercy Seat (a photo)
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v. 14 The Tabernacle of Moses (a graphic)
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v. 18 The Altar of Sacrifice (a graphic)
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Summary A Brief Review of Leviticus 16
Summary
Summary
Summary A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary
Leviticus Chapter 16 4
Summary Why Leviticus 16 is in the Word of God
Summary What We Learn from Leviticus 16
Summary Jesus Christ in Leviticus 16
Summary Shmoop Summary of Leviticus 16
Summary The Day of Atonement (a chart)
Summary Edersheim Summarizes Leviticus 16
Summary
Addendum ESCAPE GOAT, THE—(FOR AZAZEL)
Addendum Abbreviated Doctrine of Propitiation (by R. B. Thieme, Jr.)
Addendum Definition of Atonement (from the Chafer Seminary)
Addendum
Addendum
Addendum
Addendum
Addendum Josephus’ History of this Time Period
Addendum A Complete Translation of Leviticus 16
Addendum Doctrinal Teachers Who Have Taught Leviticus 16
Addendum Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Leviticus 16
Addendum Word Cloud from Exegesis of Leviticus 16
Beginning of Document Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines
Introduction and Text First Verse Addendum
www.kukis.org Leviticus folder Exegetical Studies in Leviticus
Doctrines Covered or Alluded To
Additional doctrines and links are found in Definition of Terms below.
Chapters of the Bible Alluded To and/or Appropriately Exegeted with this Chapter
Leviticus 10
Many who read and study this chapter are 1st or 2nd generation students of R. B. Thieme, Jr., so that much of
this vocabulary is second nature. One of Bob’s contributions to theology is a fresh vocabulary along with a
number of concepts which are theologically new or reworked, yet still orthodox. Therefore, if you are unfamiliar
with his work, the definitions below will help you to fully understand all that is being said. Also, I have developed
a few new terms and concepts which require definition as well.
In addition, there are other more traditional yet technical theological terms which will be used and therefore
defined as well.
The terms below are cross-linked with their first occurrence in this document. This allows you to click on the
first occurrence of a technical term and that will take you back to its definition below. Then you can click on that
term below and be taken back to where you last left off in this document.
Sometimes the terms in the exegesis of this chapter are simply alluded to, without any in-depth explanation of
them. Sometimes, these terms are explained in detail and illustrated. A collection of all these terms is found
here: (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Often, the terms below are linked to complete doctrines.
5 The Book of Leviticus
Definition of Terms
Rebound
(Restoration to
fellowship with
God)
In the New Testament, this is naming your sins to God, so that you are both restored to
temporal fellowship with God and are then filled with the Spirit of God. In the Old
Testament, naming your sins to God would result in a restoration of fellowship and, in
some cases, the empowerment of the Holy Spirit once again (the Holy Spirit was not given
to all Old Testament believers). See the Doctrine of Rebound (HTML) (PDF) (WPD).
Some of these definitions are taken from
http://gracebiblechurchwichita.org/
http://rickhughesministries.org/content/Biblical-Terms.pdf
http://www.gbible.org/index.php?proc=d4d
http://www.wordoftruthministries.org/terms-and-definitions/
http://www.theopedia.com/
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
——————————
An Introduction to Leviticus 16
Introduction: Leviticus 16 covers the day of atonement, the one time of the year that the high priest would enter
into the holy of holies and offer up a blood sacrifice on behalf of himself and Israel. The time element (i.e., once
a year) is mentioned in Hebrews 9:7 and Exodus 30:10 and at the end of this chapter. The actual term, the Day
of Atonement is not found here in this chapter. The Jewish term, as we have all heard, it Yom Kippur, however,
the correct Biblical designation is Yôwm Kîppurîym (ëÌÄôÌËøÄéí éåÉí) [pronounced yome kip-poo-REEM] and, in the
English, that is Day of Atonements. The Jews made some changes in this day through their traditions, just as we
in the Christian realm, adopted these changes and gave a theological significance to the word atonement which
is similar to its true meaning, yet still removed (this will be covered in Leviticus 16:6).
Leviticus 16 appears to be something that Aaron will do to cleanse himself and his family (as two of his sons died
by bringing strange fire before Yehowah); and this cleansing and atonement will extend to all of Israel. The phrase
Day of Atonement only occurs three times in Scripture (Leviticus 23:27–28 25:9). In Leviticus 23, all we are given
is the time frame for the Day of Atonement (it is the 10th day of the 7th month). By knowing the time frame, this
takes us to Leviticus 16:29–30, where we are told that "And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh
month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the
stranger who sojourns among you. For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall
be clean before the LORD from all your sins. (Leviticus 16:29–30; ESV) What is described in the subsequent
verses is essentially an overview of what takes place in this chapter.
So, at first It appears that the rituals of this chapter are related to Aaron and his sons who sinned against God.
However, the atonement extends much further, including all of the sons of Israel and even the Brazen Altar.
Therefore, we have both an historical marker of when the first Day of Atonement occurs (this chapter) as well as
a guide for all future Days of Atonement. At the end of this chapter in in Leviticus 23, the Day of Atonement will
be institutionalized to be observed every year.
The honest Jew who reads this chapter (along with nearly any chapter of Leviticus) is forced to admit, we don’t
follow any of these directives anymore. I know many traditional and conservative Jewish families and no one does
anything like what is described in this book. This is true no matter how conservative a priest might be.
Leviticus Chapter 16 6
Titles and/or Brief Descriptions of Leviticus 16 (by various commentators)
Chapter Outline Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines
Sometimes, a commentator will begin with a good observation of this chapter of the Bible.
Brief, but insightful observations of Leviticus 16 (various commentators)
Chapter Outline Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines
As I study a chapter, questions will occur to me—some of them important and many of them minor. Not all of
these questions will be satisfactorily answered.
Fundamental Questions About Leviticus 16
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
It is important to understand what has gone before.
The Prequel of Leviticus 16
Leviticus 16 will begin with
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
We need to know who the people are who populate this chapter.
The Principals of Leviticus 16
Characters Commentary
7 The Book of Leviticus
The Principals of Leviticus 16
Characters Commentary
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
We need to know where this chapter takes place.
The Places of Leviticus 16
Place Description
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
By the Numbers
Item Duration; size
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Timeline for Leviticus
There is very little narrative in the book of Leviticus; so this information may have been given to Moses in a few
days or, at most, a few weeks; and Moses both wrote these things down and informed the people. Because of
information previously studied in the introduction, we are not 100% certain if all of this material was given to Moses
while in the newly erected Tabernacle. I would lean towards that being the case.
Leviticus Chapter 16 8
Here is what to expect from Leviticus 16:
A Synopsis of Leviticus 16
Like all chapters of the Word of God, you need more than just the simple plot outline to understand what God
wants us to know.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Outlines of Leviticus 16 (Various Commentators)
Chapter Outline Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines
Some of the passages are included below, using the ESV; capitalized.
A Synopsis of Leviticus 16 from the Summarized Bible
Contents: Day of atonement laws.
Characters: God, Moses, Aaron.
Conclusion: “Without the shedding of blood there is no remission for sin.”
Key Word: Atonement, Leviticus 16:6.
Strong Verses: Leviticus 16:30, Leviticus 16:34.
Striking Facts: As the priest entered the holiest with the blood, so Christ entered heaven itself with His own
blood for us (Hebrews 9:11, Hebrews 9:12). His blood makes the throne of God a mercy seat
which otherwise must have been a throne of judgment.
Keith L. Brooks, Summarized Bible; Complete Summary of the Bible; ©1919; from e-Sword, Leviticus 16.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
It is helpful to see what came before and what follows in a brief summary.
The Big Picture (Leviticus 1–15)
Scripture Text/Commentary
God speaks to Moses and Aaron.
9 The Book of Leviticus
The Big Picture (Leviticus 1–15)
Scripture Text/Commentary
Leviticus 11 Clean and unclean animals.
Leviticus 12 The purification of women.
Leviticus 13 Laws and regulations for leprosy.
Leviticus 14a The ritual for cleansing lepers.
Leviticus 14b Cleansing a house occupied by a leper.
Leviticus 15b Laws and regulations concerning bodily discharges.
Leviticus 16 God commands Moses concerning the Great Day of Atonement.
Leviticus 17a The proper place for sacrifices.
Leviticus 17b Laws and regulations against eating blood.
Leviticus 18 Laws and regulations concerning sexual immorality.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Changes—additions and subtractions (for Leviticus 16): Very often, when I begin a new chapter, I have either
discovered a new translations, a new commentary; or have decided to leave out a particular translation or
commentary. Sometimes, I make a minor formatting change. I have always placed such comments before the
beginning of the first verse. So one formatting change is, the addition of this more formal approach to changes,
giving it a section of its own. Many times, if I like a change a lot, I will occasionally go back and make that change
in previous chapters.
I have begun to draw from over 40 translations when doing my initial exegetical study of a chapter. This will
include some translations which I have not used before: Modern Literal Version 2020, Benner’s Revised
Mechanical Translation (which I should like to go back and include this with my Genesis and Exodus studies), the
Literal Standard Version, the Scriptures 2009, the Unfolding Word Literal Text, the Unfolding Word Simplified Text,
and the Samaritan Pentateuch (in English). These are some of the various translations which have been recently
made available to e-sword 12.1. Four of these simply replace previous texts done by the same translator or
translation group.
After every verse, I will give the Kukis mostly literal translation for that verse. At the end of every passage, I will
give both the Kukis mostly literal translation and the Kukis paraphrase for that passage.
At the end of this study, I have listed other doctrinal teachers who have taught this chapter. So far, I have only
included R. B. Thieme, Jr. and R. B. Thieme, III. This section is also bookmarked.
I have not yet begun a weekly mail-out study of Leviticus, but I will probably do that after I complete the Exodus
study.
As I have done previously, since this chapters is what God is saying to Moses, I will begin and end the chapter
with quotation marks. I will not insert a new set of quotation marks for each new paragraph.
Leviticus Chapter 16 10
——————————
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
As always, 3 separate translations will be produced for each verse. The slavishly literal translation attempts to
preserve word order and number, making it even more literal than Young’s translation (however, I do not preserve
the consistency of the translation that Young does). The moderately literal translation may add or delete a definite
article, change the number of a noun to correspond with the English sense of thinking, and the order is often
changed in order to better represent our English sentence structure. The paraphrase is an attempt to give a
thought-for-thought interpretation of what each verse tells us.
Kukis slavishly literal: Kukis mostly literal:
And so speaks Yehowah unto Moses after a
death of a pair of sons of Aaron in their
coming near to faces of Yehowah, and so they
died. And so says Yehowah unto Moses,
“Speak unto Aaron, your brother and he will
not come in into the holy place in any time
regarding the veil unto faces of Yehowah [to]
the cover which [is] upon the Ark. And so he
will not die when in the cloud I will appear
upon the cover.
Leviticus
16:1–2
And so Yehowah spoke to Moses after the death
of Aaron’s two sons when they came near to
the presence of Yehowah, [after which] they
died [for offering strange incense to God]. So
Yehowah said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron, your
brother so that he will not enter into the Holy
Place at any time regarding the veil [and] the
Presence of Yehowah [on] the cover which [is]
on the Ark. Therefore, he will not die when the
I appear in the cloud over the cover [or, Mercy
Seat].
Kukis paraphrase:
Jehovah spoke to Moses shortly after the deaths of Aaron’s two sons, when the came near to the
Presence of God with strange incense and died as a result. So Jehovah said to Moses, “You need to
carefully instruct your brother Aaron. He cannot simply enter into the Holy of Holies, behind the veil, at
any time. After all, the Presence of God may be found upon the Mercy Seat. If he follows instructions,
he will not die nor will his sons die when I appear in the cloud over the Mercy Seat.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts: Note: I compare the Hebrew text to English translations of the Latin, Syriac
(= Aramaic) and Greek texts, using the Douay-Rheims translation2; George Lamsa’s
translation, and Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton’s translation as revised and edited
by Paul W. Esposito, respectively. I often update these texts with non-substantive
changes (e.g., you for thou, etc.). I often use the text of the Complete Apostles’
Bible instead of Brenton’s translation, because it updates the English text.
The Septuagint was the earliest known translation of a book (circa 200 B.C.). Since
this translation was made before the textual criticism had been developed into a
science and because different books appear to be translated by different men, the
Greek translation can sometimes be very uneven.
When there are serious disparities between my translation and Brenton’s (or the
text of the Complete Apostles’ Bible), I look at the Greek text of the Septuagint (the
LXX) to see if a substantive difference actually exists (and I reflect these changes
in the English rendering of the Greek text). I use the Greek LXX with Strong’s
2 I have begun to doubt my e-sword Douay-Rheims version, so I now use www.latinvulgate.com.
11 The Book of Leviticus
numbers and morphology available for e-sword. The only problem with this
resource (which is a problem for similar resources) is, there is no way to further
explore Greek verbs which are not found in the New Testament. Although I usually
quote the Complete Apostles’ Bible here, I have begun to make changes in the
translation when their translation conflicts with the Greek and note what those
changes are.
The Masoretic text is the Hebrew text with all of the vowels (vowel points) inserted
(the original Hebrew text lacked vowels). We take the Masoretic text to be the text
closest to the original. However, differences between the Masoretic text and the
Greek, Latin and Syriac are worth noting and, once in a great while, represent a
more accurate text possessed by those other ancient translators.
In general, the Latin text is an outstanding translation from the Hebrew text into
Latin and very trustworthy (I say this as a non-Catholic). Unfortunately, I do not
read Latin—apart from some very obvious words—so I am dependent upon the
English translation of the Latin (principally, the Douay-Rheims translation).
The comparisons which I do are primarily between the English translations which
are taken from the ancient tongues. For the most part, the variances are so minor
that I rarely investigate them any further than that.
Underlined words indicate differences in the text.
Bracketed portions of the Dead Sea Scrolls are words, letters and phrases lost in
the scroll due to various types of damage. Underlined words or phrases are those
in the Dead Sea Scrolls but not in the Masoretic text.
I will only list the translation from the Dead Sea Scrolls if it exists and if it is different
from the Masoretic text.
The Targum of Onkelos is actually the Pentateuchal Targumim, which are The
Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel. On the Pentateuch With The
Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum From the Chaldee by J. W. Etheridge, M.A.
From http://www.becomingjewish.org/texts/targum/onkelos_Leviticus.html
and first published in 1862.
Occasionally, there is an obvious error in the English translation, and I correct those
without additional mention or footnoting. For instance, the online version of the
Targum of Onkelos which I use has gorund in Ex. 4:9; I simply corrected the text.
This may occur once or twice in a chapter.
I attempt to include translations which are different in their vocabulary and phrasing.
On many occasions, I may include a translation which is not substantially different
than another listed translation.
Most of the translations can be found here.
The very fact that we have ancient Greek, Latin, Syriac and Arabic translations of
the Bible testifies to its accuracy. There may be a difference word or phrase here
or there; the Greek may have a singular where the Hebrew has a plural, but there
is no set of doctrines in the Latin Bible which are any different from those found in
the Greek Bible or the Syriac Bible. These different cultures when they chose to
translate the Bible chose to translate it as accurately as possible. Where human
Leviticus Chapter 16 12
viewpoint would expect to find doctrinal differences between the Bible of the
Hebrews, of the Greeks or of the Romans, no such differences exist.
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And so speaks Yehowah unto Moses after a death of a pair of sons of Aaron in their
coming near to faces of Yehowah, and so they died. And so says Yehowah unto
Moses, “Speak unto Aaron, your brother and he will not come in into the holy place
in any time regarding the veil unto faces of Yehowah [to] the cover which [is] upon
the Ark. And so he will not die when in the cloud I will appear upon the cover.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Targum (Onkelos) . Translation for Onkelos and Pseudo-Jonathan by J. W. Etheridge, M.A. (1862).
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Jerusalem targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims3.
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And the Lord spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they
were slain upon their offering strange fire:
And he commanded him, saying: Speak to Aaron thy brother, that he enter not at
all into the sanctuary, which is within the veil before the propitiatory, with which the
ark is covered, lest he die, (for I will appear in a cloud over the oracle),...
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta Mar-Yah spoke to Mosha, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew
near before Mar-Yah, and died; and Mar-Yah said to Mosha, "Tell Aaron your
brother, not to come at all times into the Most Holy Place within the veil, before the
mercy seat which is on the ark; lest he die: for I will appear in the cloud on the
mercy seat.
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek)4And the Lord spoke to Moses after the two sons of Aaron died in bringing strange
fire before the Lord, so they died.
And the Lord said to Moses, Speak to Aaron your brother, and let him not come in
at all times into the holy place within the veil before the mercy seat, which is upon
the ark of the testimony, and he shall not die; for I will appear in a cloud on the
mercy seat.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:5
Bible in Basic English And the Lord said to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they
took in strange fire before the Lord and death overtook them;
The Lord said to Moses, Say to Aaron, your brother, that he may not come at all
times into the holy place inside the veil, before the cover which is on the ark, for fear
that death may overtake him; for I will be seen in the cloud on the cover of the ark.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 Two of Aaron's sons died while offering incense to the LORD. After that time, the
LORD spoke to Moses. The LORD said, "Talk to your brother Aaron. Tell him that
he cannot go behind the curtain into the Most Holy Place anytime he wants to. The
3 I have simply taken the 1899 American version and updated the thee’s and the thou’s.
4 I am using the Complete Apostles Bible, available through e-sword.
5 Many of these Bibles fall into 2 or more categories. The CEV, for instance, is approved by the Catholic Church, it is a limited
vocabulary Bible, and it is a paraphrase, for the most part.
13 The Book of Leviticus
mercy-cover is in the room behind that curtain on top of the Holy Box, and I appear
in a cloud over that mercy-cover. If Aaron goes into that room, he will die!
God’s Word™The LORD spoke to Moses after Aaron's two sons had come into the LORD'S
presence and died.
The LORD said, "Tell your brother Aaron that he cannot go into the holy place
whenever he wants to. If he goes up to the canopy and stands in front of the throne
of mercy on the ark, he will die, because I appear in the smoke above the throne of
mercy.
Good News Bible (TEV) The LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron who were killed
when they offered unholy fire to the LORD.
He said, "Tell your brother Aaron that only at the proper time is he to go behind the
curtain into the Most Holy Place, because that is where I appear in a cloud above
the lid on the Covenant Box. If he disobeys, he will be killed.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Two of Aaron's sons had already lost their lives for disobeying the LORD, so the
LORD told Moses to say to Aaron: I, the LORD, appear in a cloud over the place of
mercy on the sacred chest, which is behind the inside curtain of the sacred tent.
And I warn you not to go there except at the proper time. Otherwise, you will die!
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
UnfoldingWord (Simplified)6After the two sons of Aaron died because they burned incense to Yahweh in a
manner that was contrary to what he had commanded, Yahweh spoke to Moses.
He said to him, "Tell your brother Aaron not to go into the very holy place, which is
inside the inmost curtain, where the sacred chest and its lid are, and where I am
present in the cloud that is over it. If Aaron goes in that room when it is not the
proper time, he will die!
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible CHAPTER 161
6 Access via https://marvel.bible/index.php?text=MIB&b=2&c=9&v=7
Leviticus Chapter 16 14
And Jehovah spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when
they drew near before the face of Jehovah, and died,
And Jehovah said to Moses, Speak to Aaron, your brother, that he does not
come at all times into the holy place within the veil before the face of the mercy
seat, which is upon the ark, so that he does not die, because I will appear in the
cloud upon the mercy seat.
1 16:1-34. The day of covering. This chapter is the complete instructions for the
ceremonies of the head priest on the day of covering or atonement, once each year.
This was the one and only day during the year, the 10th of the 7th new moon that
the head priest entered into the holy of holies before the face of God above the
mercy seat, with blood to make a covering for sins. This was once a year only, Lev
16:34, Ex 30:10, that the blood was presented before the face of God above the
mercy seat, and declares that our Lord Jesus Christ poured out His blood once, and
appeared before the face of God, and sprinkled His blood on the mercy seat in
heaven to take away our sins forever, and there is no more sacrifice for sin,
Hebrews 7:27;9:1-12,23- 28;10:10-13.
International Standard V The Day of Atonement
The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons when they had
approached the Lord and died. The Lord told Moses. “Remind [Lit. Tell] your brother
Aaron that at no time is he to enter the sacred place from the room that contains the
curtain into the presence of the Mercy Seat [Lit. atonement place; and so throughout the
book] on top of the ark. Otherwise, he’ll die, because I will appear in a cloud at the
Mercy Seat.
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Word Literal Text7.
Urim-Thummim Version YHWH spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they
approached the presence of YHWH and died.
YHWH spoke to Moses, Speak to Aaron your brother that he does not come at all
times to the Holy Place within the veil before the Covering-Lid that is on the Ark
(that he does not die), for I will appear in the cloud-mass upon the Covering-Lid.
Wikipedia Bible Project8And Yahweh spoke to Moses, after the death of two of Aaron's sons, as they came
before Yahweh and died.
And Yahweh said to Moses:
Speak to Aaron, your brother, and he will not come at any time to the holy place,
covered by the curtain, to facing the cover which is on the crate, and he will not die.
Because in the cloud, I will appear on the cover.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) The great day of atonement
• Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron who died
when they approached the presence of Yahweh.
Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell your brother, Aaron, not to enter at any time he
pleases the Most Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy Seat which is on the
Ark, lest he die, for I appear in the cloud over the mercy Seat.
Num 29:7; Heb 9:7
Heb 6:19
• 16.1 The ceremony for the feast of Atonement was very expressive: one of two he-
goats was set aside to carry the punishment for sin and there fore had to die; the
7 Access via https://marvel.bible/index.php?text=MIB&b=2&c=9&v=7
8 Located in e-sword (see Bible Support) and found online here: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Leviticus
15 The Book of Leviticus
other was sent off toward Azazel. Sym bolically the he-goat bore the sins of the
people.
The Letter to the Hebrews, chapters 9 and 10, recalls these Jewish rituals when it
mentions the forgiveness of sins that Christ won through his death and resurrection.
In verses 29-34 it is again said that these commands will be the everlasting law:
how do we ex - plain that the church canceled them when Christ came? Paul
explains this in Galatians 3–5.
New American Bible(2011)9.
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–198910 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
The Scriptures–2009 And éäåä spoke to Mosheh after the death of the two sons of Aharon, as they drew
near before éäåä, and died.
And éäåä said to Mosheh, “Speak to Aharon your brother not to come in at all times
to the Set-apart Place inside the veil, before the lid of atonement which is on the
ark, lest he die, because I appear in the cloud above the lid of atonement.
Tree of Life Version Then Adonai spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they
approached the presence of Adonai and died.
Adonai said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother not to come at just any time into the
Holiest Place behind the curtain—before the atonement cover which is on the
Ark—so that he would not die. For I will be appearing in the cloud over the
atonement cover.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible11 (Day of Atonement & the 2 Goats.) AND JESUS SPOKE TO MOSES AFTER THE
TWO SONS OF AARON DIED IN BRINGING STRANGE FIRE BEFORE JESUS,
SO THEY DIED. †(10:1-11) AND JESUS SAID TO MOSES, “SPEAK TO AARON
YOUR BROTHER, AND LET HIM NOT COME IN AT ALL TIMES ‡(he could enter
only on the Day of Atonement) INTO THE HOLY PLACE WITHIN THE VEIL
BEFORE THE SEAT OF RECONCILIATION (Mercy Seat), WHICH IS
UPON THE ARK OF THE TESTIMONY, AND HE SHALL NOT DIE; FOR I WILL
APPEAR IN A CLOUD ON THE SEAT OF RECONCILIATION.
Awful Scroll Bible Sustains To Become was to speak to Moses, after the death of the two sons of
Aaron, as they drew near, turned before Sustains To Become and were to die.
Sustains To Become was to say to Moses: Be speaking to Aaron, your brother: You
was to come in on the occasion, to the set apart place, within the veil, turned toward
the cover of the ark - was you to die? - I was to appear in a cloud mass at the cover.
Concordant Literal Version Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they came
near before Yahweh and died.
Yahweh said to Moses:Speak to Aaron your brother that he must not come at just
any time into the holy place, inside the curtain before the propitiatory shelter which
9 From https://bible.usccb.org/bible accessed on various dates.
10 From https://alkitab.mobi/2/reb/ accessed on various dates.
11 The A&O Bible follows the Greek text.
Leviticus Chapter 16 16
is on the coffer so that he may not die, for in the cloud shall I appear over the
propitiatory shelter.
exeGeses companion Bible TORAH ON KIPPURIM/ATONEMENTS: THE SCAPEGOAT
And Yah Veh words to Mosheh
after the death of the two sons of Aharon,
as they oblated at the face of Yah Veh and died:
and Yah Veh says to Mosheh,
Word to Aharon your brother,
to not come at all times
into the holies that houses the veil
at the face of the kapporeth on the ark
- that he not die:
for I appear in the cloud on the kapporeth.
Orthodox Jewish Bible ACHAREY MOS
And Hashem spoke unto Moshe after the mot of the two Bnei Aharon, when they
approached before Hashem, and died;
And Hashem said unto Moshe, Speak unto Aharon thy brother, that he come not
at any time into HaKodesh within the Parochet (curtain) before the Kapporet, which
is upon the Aron; that he die not; for I will appear in the Anan upon the Kapporet.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary .
Lexham English Bible The Day of Atonement
Then [Or “And”] Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons, when
they had come near before [Literally “before faces of”] Yahweh and they died.
And Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell [Or “Speak to”] your brother Aaron that he should
not enter at any time into the sanctuary behind [Literally “from the interior/inside to”] the
curtain in front of [Literally “to the faces of”] the atonement cover that is on the ark, so
that he might not die, because I appear in the cloud over the atonement cover.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach12 .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation The Yom Kippur Service
God spoke to Moses right after the death of Aaron's two sons, who brought an
[unauthorized] offering before God and died.
God said to Moses:
Speak to your brother Aaron, and let him not enter the [inner] sanctuary that is
beyond the partition concealing the Ark, so that he may not die, since I appear over
the Ark cover in a cloud.
right
(cf. Saadia).
death of Aaron's two sons
12 Also know as the Complete Tanach (and as The Complete Jewish Bible) with Rashi’s Commentary. I do not know who did
the original translation, but it has been edited by translator and scholar, Rabbi A.J. Rosenberg. It is found here.
17 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 10:2. The narrative is interrupted with the other laws of defilement,
since it is important that the death of Aaron's sons serve as an object lesson
for all Israel. After warning the other Israelites not to enter the sanctuary
improperly, Aaron is also warned (cf. Ibn Ezra).
inner sanctuary
The Holy of Holies (see Exodus 26:33).
since I appear...
(Rashi; Rashbam; Ibn Ezra). Or, 'Since I must [only] be seen in the smoke [of
the incense] over the Ark cover ...' (Yoma 53a; Rashi; Rashbam).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible(2011)13 .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. § 13. The Great Day of Propitiation: Once a Year.
Chapter 16.
And Yahweh spake unto Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron,—when
they had offered strange fireb before Yahweh6 and died.
And Yahweh said unto Moses—
Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he do not come at all timesc into the holy
place, within the veil,—into the presence of the propitiatory6 which is upon the
ark6 so shall he not die, for <in the cloud> will I appeard upon the propitiatory.
b So it shd be (w. Onk., Jon., Sep., Syr. and Vul.) as in chap. x. 1—G.n. [M.C.T.
omits “strange fire.”]
c Or: “just at any time”; or “on every occasion.”
d Or: “am I wont to appear.”
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version . sanctuary
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT And the Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron: when they
brought strange fire before the Lord, and were dead, the Lord said to Moses, Speak
to Aaron thy brother, and let him not come at all times into the sanctuary, within the
veil, into the presence of the propitiatory, which is on the ark of the testimony; that
he may not die. For in a cloud I will appear on the propitiatory.
Context Group Version And YHWH spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they
drew near before YHWH, and died; and YHWH said to Moses, Speak to Aaron your
brother, that he does not come at all times into the special place inside the veil,
before the generosity-seat which is on the ark; that he will not die: for I will appear
in the cloud on the generosity-seat.
English Standard Version .
Legacy Standard Bible And YHWH speaks to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, in their
drawing near before YHWH, and they die; indeed, YHWH says to Moses, “Speak
to your brother Aaron, and he does not come in at all times to the holy place within
the veil, to the front of the propitiatory covering, which [is] on the Ark, and he does
not die, for I am seen in a cloud on the propitiatory covering.
Literal Standard Version .
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And Jehovah spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they
drew near before Jehovah and died, and Jehovah said to Moses, Speak to Aaron
your brother, that he not come at all times into the holy place within the veil, before
the mercy-seat which is upon the ark, that he does not die, because I will appear in
the cloud upon the mercy-seat.
New American Standard B. .
13 Also called the revised edition. Found here: http://www.usccb.org/bible/books-of-the-bible/index.cfm
Leviticus Chapter 16 18
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Revised Mechanical Trans.14 ...and YHWH spoke to Mosheh after the death of the two sons of Aharon in their
coming near to the face of YHWH, and YHWH said to Mosheh, speak to Aharon
your brother, and do not come in every appointed time to the special tent curtain of
the house, to the face of the lid which is upon the box, and he will not die, given that
I will be seen in the cloud upon the lid,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young's Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
1-2
Leviticus 16:1
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB and Strong’s
Numbers
wa (or va) (åÇ)
[pronounced wah]
and so, and then, then, and; so,
that, yet, therefore,
consequently; because
wâw consecutive No Strong’s #
BDB #253
dâbar (ãÌÈáÇø) [pronounced
dawb-VAHR]
to speak, to talk [and back with
action], to give an opinion, to
expound, to make a formal
speech, to speak out, to
promise, to propose, to speak
kindly of, to declare, to proclaim,
to announce
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong’s #1696
BDB #180
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as
Jehovah, Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
Mosheh (îÉùÆä)
[pronounced moh-
SHEH]
to draw out [of the water] and is
transliterated Moses masculine proper noun Strong’s #4872
BDB #602
(achãrêy (àÇçÂøÅé)
[pronounced ah-kuh-
RAY]
behind, after; following; after
that, afterwards; hinder parts preposition; plural form Strong’s #310
BDB #29
mâveth (îÈåÆú)
[pronounced MAW-veth]
death, death [as opposed to life],
death by violence, a state of
death, a place of death
masculine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4194
BDB #560
14 From https://www.mechanical-translation.org/index.html
19 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:1
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB and Strong’s
Numbers
shenêy (ùÀðÅé) [pronounced
she-NAY]
two of, a pair of, both of, a duo
of
masculine plural
numeral; construct form
Strong’s #8147
BDB #1040
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children;
people; sometimes rendered
men; young men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; among, in the
midst of; at, by, near, on, before,
in the presence of, upon; with;
to, unto, upon, up to; in respect
to, on account of; by means of,
about, concerning; during
primarily a preposition of
proximity; however, it
has a multitude of
functions
No Strong’s # BDB
#88
When verbs in the infinitive construct are preceded by the bêyth preposition, be acts as a temporal conjunction;
that is, in their being created = when they were created (Gen. 2:4); in their being in the field = when they were
in the field (Gen. 4:8).15
qârab (÷ÈøÇá) [pronounced
kaw-RABV]
to come near, to approach, to
draw near
Qal infinitive with the 3rd
person masculine plural
suffix
Strong #7126 BDB
#897
Some manuscripts insert profane fire here; but the reading is generally rejected.
The phrase with strange fire is not found in the Massoretic Text; however, it is found in the western Targum of
Onkelos, the Targum of Jonathan, the Syriac, the Septuagint and the Vulgate; and therefore is probably the
correct reading (Leviticus 10:1).
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s # BDB
#510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance;
presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts like
English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as
Jehovah, Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
wa (or va) (åÇ)
[pronounced wah]
and so, and then, then, and; so,
that, yet, therefore,
consequently; because
wâw consecutive No Strong’s #
BDB #253
15 The New Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius Hebrew-English Lexicon; Hendrickson, ©1979, pp. 90–91.
Leviticus Chapter 16 20
Leviticus 16:1
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB and Strong’s
Numbers
mûwth (îåÌú)
[pronounced mooth]
to die; to perish, to be destroyed;
to be put to death; to die
prematurely [by neglect of wise
moral conduct]
3rd person masculine
plural, Qal imperfect
Strong's #4191
BDB #559
Translation: And so Yehowah spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons when they came near to the
presence of Yehowah, [after which] they died [for offering strange incense to God].
Aaron had four sons. The two older ones began to acts as priests, but they approached God with a strange
incense.
The full story of what happened is found in Leviticus 10 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD).
I believe what is taking place here is additional information from God to Moses to reinforce what can and cannot
be done in the Holy of Holies. The rare nature of actually entering the Holy of Holies will be dealt with specifically
in this chapter. This passage leads into that.
Leviticus 16:1 And so Yehowah spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons when they came near to the
presence of Yehowah, [after which] they died [for offering strange incense to God]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
It is a verse like this which indicates that it is possible that some of the portions of the books of Moses may not
be in strict chronological order. That is, there are certain chapters which contains God's exactly words to Moses
(and Aaron) but it is possible that He spoke to Moses first concerning the material in chapter 15 and then the
material in chapter 14. However, this places this chapter sometime immediately after their deaths.
On the other hand, perhaps what takes place in between was said while Aaron was in mourning. However, in the
intervening chapters, some of them begin with God speaking only to Moses and others to both Moses and Aaron.
Before this atonement is made, perhaps God is giving Aaron time to grieve and adjust?
Leviticus 16:2a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
wa (or va) (åÇ)
[pronounced wah]
and so, and then, then, and; so,
that, yet, therefore,
consequently; because
wâw consecutive No Strong’s #
BDB #253
(âmar (àÈîÇø) [pronounced
aw-MAHR]
to say, to speak, to utter; to say
[to oneself], to think; to
command; to promise; to
explain; to intend; to decide; to
answer
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #559
BDB #55
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as
Jehovah, Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
21 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:2a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
Mosheh (îÉùÆä)
[pronounced moh-
SHEH]
to draw out [of the water] and is
transliterated Moses masculine proper noun Strong’s #4872
BDB #602
dâbar (ãÌÈáÇø) [pronounced
dawb-VAHR]
speak [on, further], talk [and
back with action], give an [your]
opinion, expound, make a formal
speech, speak out; continue [to
speak], promise, propose,
declare, proclaim, announce
2nd person masculine
singular, Piel imperative
Strong’s #1696
BDB #180
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(âch (àÈç) [pronounced
awhk]
brother, half-brother; kinsman or
relative close; one who
resembles
masculine singular noun
with the 2nd person
masculine singular suffix
Strong's #251
BDB #26
Translation: So Yehowah said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron, your brother...
The Revealed God speaks to Moses, telling him what he must say to him and his sons.
Leviticus 16:2b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(al (àÇì) [pronounced al]
no, not; nothing; none; neither,
nor; do not, let not [with a verb];
let there not be [with an
understood verb];
adverb of negation;
conjunction of
prohibiting, dehorting,
deprecating, desire that
something not be done
Strong’s #408
BDB #39
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to
go, to enter, to advance; to attain
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity No Strong’s #
BDB #88
Leviticus Chapter 16 22
Leviticus 16:2b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]
every, each, all of, all; any of,
any; some have translated, all
manner of
masculine singular
construct not followed by
a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
)êth (òÅú) [pronounced
ìayth]
time, the right time, the proper
time; opportunity feminine singular noun Strong’s #6256
BDB #773
Based upon the best translators, these 3 words together can be translated, in all times, at all time; at every
opportunity.
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy,
set apart] place
masculine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of separation Strong's #4480
BDB #577
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward masculine singular noun Strong's #1004
BDB #108
These two together perhaps mean within, from within.
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s # BDB
#510
pôreketh (ôÉÌøÆëÆú)
[pronounced poh-REH-
keith]
curtain, veil feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #6532
BDB #827
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance;
presence; person; surface
masculine plural
construct (plural acts like
English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Literally, this means, unto faces of; it is translated, before, in the presence of, into the presence of, upon the
surface of.
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only
in the Bible for the mercy seat of
the ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
23 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:2b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of,
on account of
preposition of relative
proximity
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
(ãrôwn (àÂøåÉï)
[pronounced uh-ROHN]ark, chest; Ark masculine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #727
BDB #75
Translation: ...so that he will not enter into the Holy Place at any time regarding the veil [and] the Presence of
Yehowah [on] the cover which [is] on the Ark.
Even though Aaron is the high priest and his sons are all in
line to become priests to God, this does not give them total
access to the Tabernacle. They could go into the main
chamber for specific reasons. They could go into the back
chamber, which is the Holy of Holies, only on a very specific
day (which is going to be the topic of this chapter of
Leviticus).
In the Holy of Holies is the Ark of God and on top of the Ark
of God is the Mercy Seat, which is a golden lid laying over
the Ark (by itself, the Ark in an open box). There are two
angels on top of the Mercy Seat representing the elect
angels and fallen angels who are observing the plan of God take place on this earth. Specifically, they will be
watching the Son of God, the Savior of mankind, and what He does on this earth (which is all represented by the
Ark of God, by the Mercy Seat, and by the contents of the Ark.
The Ark of God and the Mercy Seat (a photo); from Quora; accessed June 17, 2024. We do not know just how
ornate the Ark and the Mercy Seat (the cover of the Ark) were. If you browse images of the Ark and Mercy Seat,
you will see a variety of differences. That is because we no longer have the original Ark or Mercy Seat, which is
what we should expect. When the reality of the shadow image appears, we no longer need the shadow image.
The Ark of God, which is the shadow image (also called the type) represents the Lord Jesus Christ (Who is the
reality; also called the antitype).
Leviticus 16:2c
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
Wâw consecutives can be used before causal sentences like ëÌÄé to mean because, for, in that; and a wâw
consecutive can be used before conclusive or inferential sentences, and mean so that, therefore, consequently,
wherefore.16
lô( (ìÉà or ìåÉà)
[pronounced low]not, no
negates the word or
action that follows; the
absolute negation
Strong’s #3808
BDB #518
This is translated as lest by some translators in Leviticus 15:31 16:13.
16 H. W. F. Gesenius, Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament; ©1979 by Baker Books; p. 235.
Leviticus Chapter 16 24
Leviticus 16:2c
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
mûwth (îåÌú)
[pronounced mooth]
to die; to perish, to be destroyed;
to be put to death; to die
prematurely [by neglect of wise
moral conduct]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #4191
BDB #559
kîy (ëÌÄé) [pronounced kee]for, that, because; when, at that
time, which, what time
explanatory or temporal
conjunction; preposition
Strong's #3588
BDB #471
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity No Strong’s #
BDB #88
)ânân (òÈðÈï) [pronounced
ìaw-NAWN]
cloud (as a veiling over or
covering of heaven)
masculine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #6051
BDB #777
râ(âh (øÈàÈä) [pronounced
raw-AWH]
to be seen, to be visible; to let
oneself be seen, to appear; to
present oneself; to be provided
[cared] for (i.e., looked after)
1st person singular,
Niphal imperfect
Strong's #7200
BDB #906
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of,
on account of
preposition of relative
proximity
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only
in the Bible for the mercy seat of
the ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
Translation: Therefore, he will not die when the I appear in the cloud over the cover [or, Mercy Seat]. (Kukis
mostly literal translation)
God will make His Presence known in the Holy of Holies, and He does not want people just wandering in their out
of curiosity. They will be allowed to enter into the Holy of Holies once a year for a very specific ritual.
Leviticus 16:2 So Yehowah said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron, your brother so that he will not enter into the Holy
Place at any time regarding the veil [and] the Presence of Yehowah [on] the cover which [is] on the Ark. Therefore,
he will not die when the I appear in the cloud over the cover [or, Mercy Seat]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Here is Aaron, the high priest, one of the most dedicated and spiritual persons of his generation, and Yehowah
is telling him not to come into the holy of holies. Part of the problem is the meaning of the translation. It reads
that Aaron should not come into the holy [place] at all times; this is an idiom meaning, just at any time. This is a
solemn warning that Aaron not die the sin unto death as did his eldest sons. What is being impressed upon Moses
is the true sanctity of the holy of holies. What will occur in this chapter will speak to many generations, but the
explicit timing would be but once a year.
Leviticus 16:1–2 And so Yehowah spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons when they came near to
the presence of Yehowah, [after which] they died [for offering strange incense to God]. So Yehowah said to Moses,
“Speak to Aaron, your brother so that he will not enter into the Holy Place at any time regarding the veil [and] the
Presence of Yehowah [on] the cover which [is] on the Ark. Therefore, he will not die when the I appear in the cloud
over the cover [or, Mercy Seat]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
25 The Book of Leviticus
What appears to be the case is, Moses is recounting what God said directly after this incident, because that is
going to lead into a talk about the Day of Atonement.
The religious system God put into the hands of Israel was extremely complex, and there is no easy way to
organize it and present it.
Leviticus 16:1–2Jehovah spoke to Moses shortly after the deaths of Aaron’s two sons, when the came near to the
Presence of God with strange incense and died as a result. So Jehovah said to Moses, “You need to carefully
instruct your brother Aaron. He cannot simply enter into the Holy of Holies, behind the veil, at any time. After all,
the Presence of God may be found upon the Mercy Seat. If he follows instructions, he will not die nor will his sons
die when I appear in the cloud over the Mercy Seat. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
Some translations begin a new paragraph with v. 3, but that paragraph may extend to v. 4 or to v. 5.
In this [way] will come Aaron unto the Holy
Place with a young bull, son of a bull for a
sin-offering and a ram for a burnt-offering.
An undergarment of white linen, holy, he will
put on; and drawers of white linen will be
upon his body; and with a waistband of
white linen he will encircle [his waist]; and
with a turbine of white linen he will wrap
around [his head]. Garments of holiness
they [are]. And he has washed in the waters
his body and he has put them on.
Leviticus
16:3–4
Aaron will come to the Holy Place in this
[manner]: with a young bull, son of a bull, for
a sin-offering and a ram for a burnt-offering.
He will put on a white linen undergarment; and
white linen drawers will be upon his body. He
will encircle [his waist] with a white linen belt
and he will wrap a white linen turbine around
[his head]. These [are] holy garments. He has
washed his body in the waters and he has put
[these] clothes on [afterward].
Aaron will come to the holy place in this manner: he will bring a young bull for a sin-offering and a ram
for a burnt-offering. He will wear white linen clothing—an undergarment, drawers, a belt and a
turbine—everything made from white linen. These are the holy garments of his priesthood. He will put
them on after thoroughly washing himself.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) In this [way] will come Aaron unto the Holy Place with a young bull, son of a bull for
a sin-offering and a ram for a burnt-offering. An undergarment of white linen, holy,
he will put on; and drawers of white linen will be upon his body; and with a
waistband of white linen he will encircle [his waist]; and with a turbine of white linen
he will wrap around [his head]. Garments of holiness they [are]. And he has
washed in the waters his body and he has put them on.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) Unless he first do these things. He shall offer a calf for sin, and a ram for a
holocaust.
He shall be vested with a linen tunick: he shall cover his nakedness with linen
breeches: he shall be girded with a linen girdle, and he shall put a linen mitre upon
Leviticus Chapter 16 26
his head. For these are holy vestments: all which he shall put on, after he is
washed.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "Herewith shall Aaron come into the sanctuary: with a young bull for a sin offering,
and a ram for a burnt offering.
He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches on his
body, and shall put on the linen sash, and he shall be dressed with the linen turban.
They are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water, and put them on.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) Thus shall Aaron enter into the holy place: with a calf of the herd for a sin-offering,
and having a ram for a whole burnt offering.
And he shall put on the consecrated linen tunic, and he shall have on his flesh the
linen drawers, and shall gird himself with a linen sash, and shall put on the linen
cap, they are holy garments; and he shall bathe all his body in water, and shall put
them on.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English Let Aaron come into the holy place in this way: with an ox for a sin-offering and a
male sheep for a burned offering.
Let him put on the holy linen coat, and the linen trousers on his body, and the linen
band round him, and the linen head-dress on his head; for this is holy clothing, and
before he puts them on his body is to be washed with water.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "Before Aaron enters the Most Holy Place, he will offer a bull for a sin offering and
a ram for a burnt offering. Aaron will wash his whole body with water and put on the
special clothes. He will put on the linen underwear next to his body, the linen robe,
the linen belt, and then he will put the linen turban on his head.
God’s Word™"This is what Aaron must do in order to come into the holy place: He must take a
bull as an offering for sin and a ram as a burnt offering. He must put on a holy linen
robe and wear linen undergarments. He must wear a linen belt and turban. These
are holy clothes. He must wash his body and put them on.
Good News Bible (TEV) He may enter the Most Holy Place only after he has brought a young bull for a sin
offering and a ram for a burnt offering."
Then the LORD gave the following instructions. Before Aaron goes into the Most
Holy Place, he must take a bath and put on the priestly garments: the linen robe
and shorts, the belt, and the turban.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Before entering this most holy place, you must offer a bull as a sacrifice for your
sins and a ram as a sacrifice to please me. You will take a bath and put on the
sacred linen clothes, including the underwear, the robe, the sash, and the turban.
The Living Bible .
27 The Book of Leviticus
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified When Aaron enters the very holy place in the sacred tent, he must bring a bull that
will be killed to become an offering for sins, and a ram to be killed to be an offering
that the priests will burn whole on the altar.
Then Aaron must bathe his whole body and put on the linen underwear and the
linen tunic. He must tie the linen sash around his waist and wrap the turban around
his head. These are his sacred garments.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible Thus Aaron shall come into the holy place, with a young bullock for a sin
offering, and a ram for a burnt offering.
He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen undershorts
on his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and he shall be wrapped with the
linen official turban; these are holy garments; he shall wash his flesh in water, and
put them on.
International Standard V Aaron is to enter the sacred place with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for
a whole burnt offering. He is to wear a sacred linen tunic and linen breeches that
will cover his genitals. He is to clothe himself with a sash and wrap his head with a
linen turban. Because they are sacred garments, he is to wash himself with water
before putting them on.”
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version Aaron will come into the Holy Place with a young bull for a Sin-Offering, and a ram
for a whole Burnt-Offering. He will put on the Holy linen tunic and he will have the
linen underwear on his flesh and will be secured with a linen girdle, and with the
linen turban will he be attired. These are Holy garments; therefore he will wash his
flesh in water and will put them on.
Wikipedia Bible Project And with this Aaron will come to the holy place, with a bull son of cattle, for sinstuff,
and a ram for raised-offer. He will wear a cloak of holy linen, and linen pants will be
on his flesh, and he will wear a linen girdle, and he will be shrouded in a linen
turban. These are holy clothes, and he will wash his flesh in water, and wear them.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Leviticus Chapter 16 28
Christian Community (1988) This is how Aaron will enter the Holy Place with a bullock for a sin offering and a
ram for a burnt offering. He is to put on the sacred linen tunic and linen
undergarments next to his body; he is to have the linen sash around him and wear
the linen turban. These are sacred garments, so he must bathe in water before he
puts them on.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “With this Aharon should come into the Set-apart Place: with the blood of a young
bull as a sin offering, and of a ram as an ascending offering.
“He should put on the set-apart linen long shirt, with linen trousers on his flesh, and
gird himself with a linen girdle, and be dressed with the linen turban – they are set-
apart garments. And he shall bathe his body in water, and shall put them on.
Tree of Life Version .
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible .
Awful Scroll Bible Therefore was Aaron to come in to that set apart, with a young of the large cattle,
even a young bull, for the miss of the mark, and a ram for a whole burnt offering.
He was to put on the designated linen tunic, and linen trousers on his flesh, and he
was to gird on the white linen waistband, and the white linen turban, was he to be
wrapped, even these are the designated garments. He is to have washed his flesh
in water and put them on.
Concordant Literal Version In this way shall Aaron come into the holy place:with a young bull, the calf of the
herd, as a sin offering, and a ram as an ascent offering.
The holy linen tunic shall he put on, and linen breeches shall be over his flesh, and
with a linen sash shall he gird himself, and with a linen turban shall he be turbaned;
they are holy garments. He will bathe his flesh in water and put them on.
exeGeses companion Bible Thus Aharon comes into the holies:
with a bullock son of the oxen for the sin
and a ram for a holocaust:
he enrobes the holy linen coat
and the linen breeches on his flesh
and girds a linen girdle and attires the linen tiara
- the holy clothes:
and he baptizes his flesh in water
and enrobes them:...
Orthodox Jewish Bible Thus shall Aharon come into HaKodesh: with a young bull for a chattat, and a ram
for an olah (burnt offering).
He shall put on the Kesones Bahd Kodesh (holy linen tunic [see Yn 19:23 on
Moshiach's Kesones, the day kapporah was made by the Kohen L'Olahm al Divrati
Melki-Tzedek—Ps 110:4]), and he shall have the Mikhnesei Bahd (linen breeches)
upon his basar, and shall be girded with a Avnet Bahd (linen sash), and with the
29 The Book of Leviticus
Mitznefet Bahd (linen turban) shall he be attired; these are Bigdei Kodesh; therefore
shall he immerse his basar in mayim, and so put them on.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “Aaron must enter the sanctuary with this: a young bull [Literally “a bull a son of cattle”] as
a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering. He must put on a holy linen tunic,
[Literally “a tunic of linen of holiness”] and linen undergarments must be on his body, and
he must fasten himself [The direct object is supplied from context in the English translation] with
a linen sash, and he must wrap a linen turban around his head [Supplied from context
in the English translation]—they are holy garments, and he shall wash his body with
water, then [Or “and”] he shall put them on. And he must take from the Israelites’
[Literally “sons/children of Israel”] community two he-goats as a sin offering and one ram
as a burnt offering. V. 5 is included for context.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation When Aaron enters [this inner] sanctuary, it must be with a young bull for a sin
offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
He must put on a sanctified white linen tunic, and have linen pants on his body. He
must [also] gird himself with a linen sash, and bind his [head] with a linen turban.
These are sacred vestments, and [therefore], before putting them on, he must
immerse in a mikvah.
He must put on...
On Yom Kippur, the High Priest wore four white linen vestments (Yad, Kley
HaMikdash 8:3). The rest of the year, he would wear eight vestments (see
Exodus 28:42).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. <Herewith>e shall Aaron come into the holy place,—With a bullock6 the choice of
the herd6 as a sin-bearer, and a ram as an ascending sacrifice. <A holy tunic of
linen> shall he put on6 and ||drawers of linen|| shall be upon his flesh, and <with a
band of linen> shall he gird himself, and <with a turban of linen> shall his head be
wrapped about,—<holy garments> they are!, therefore shall he bathe in water his
flesh6 and so put them on.
e Or: “thus.”
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version Aaron shall come into the sanctuary this way: with a young bull, for a sin offering,
and a ram for a burnt offering. He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have
the linen breeches on his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the
linen miter he shall be dressed. These are holy garments. And he shall wash his
flesh in water and put them on.
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Leviticus Chapter 16 30
Charles Thomson OT In this manner Aaron shall come into that holy place. With a young bull from the
herd for a sin offering [he shall bring] a ram for a whole burnt offering. And he shall
put on a holy linen vesture, and shall have linen drawers on his flesh, and shall be
girded with a linen girdle, and shall put on a linen tiara. These are holy garments,
therefore he shall wash his whole body with water, and put them on.
Context Group Version Herewith shall Aaron come into the special place: with a young bull for a
purification-offering, and a ram for an ascension [offering]. He shall put on the
special linen coat, and he shall have the linen trousers on his flesh, and shall be
girded with the linen sash, and with the linen turban he shall be attired: they are the
special garments; and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and put them on.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation With this Aaron shall come into the sanctuary: with a bull, a son of the herd, for a
sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. He shall put on a holy linen coat, and
linen underpants shall be on his flesh, and he shall gird himself with a linen girdle,
and he shall wrap himself in a linen miter; they are holy garments. And he shall
bathe his flesh with water and shall put them on.
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version .
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 Aaron will come into the holy place this way: with a young bull for a sin-offering and
a ram for a burnt-offering.
He will put on the holy linen tunic and he will have the linen underwear upon his
flesh and will be girded with the linen sash and he will be attired with the linen
headdress. They are the holy garments and he will bathe his flesh in water and put
them on.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. In this, Aharon will come to the special place with a bull, a son of cattle, for a failure,
and a buck for an ascension offering. He will wear a special tunic of strand and
undergarments of strand will exist upon his flesh, and he will gird up with a sash of
strand, and he will wind around with a turban of strand, they are special garments,
and he will bathe his flesh in the waters, and he will wear them,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness Thus shall Aaron come into the Holy Place: with the blood of a young bull as a sin
offering, and of a ram as a burnt offering. He shall put the holy linen tunic and the
linen trousers on his flesh; he shall be girded with a linen sash, and with the linen
turban he shall be wrapped. These are holy garments. Therefore he shall wash his
flesh in water, and put them on.
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
3-4
31 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:3
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity Strong’s #none
BDB #88
zô(th (æÉàú) [pronounced
zoth]
here, this, this one; thus;
possibly another
feminine of singular zeh;
demonstrative pronoun,
adverb; with the definite
article
Strong’s #2063 (&
2088, 2090) BDB
#260
Together, these words mean by this, hereby; and possibly, in this [place], here, with this, on these conditions,
herewith, thus provided, by this, through this, for this cause, in this manner, on this one.
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to
go, to enter, to advance; to attain
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy,
set apart] place
masculine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity Strong’s #none
BDB #88
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]
bull, [especially a] young bull,
steer masculine singular noun Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
bên (áÌÅï) [pronounced
bane]son, descendant masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
bâqâr (áÌÈ÷Èø) [pronounced
baw-KAWR]
bull, cow, ox, collectively: herd,
cattle, oxen
masculine singular
collective noun
Strong’s #1241
BDB #133
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s # BDB
#510
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun Strong's #2403
BDB #308
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(ayil (àÇéÄì) [pronounced
AH-yil]
ram; ram (as food; as a
sacrifice); a ram’s skin (skin
dyed red, for tabernacle)
masculine singular noun Strong’s #352
BDB #17
Leviticus Chapter 16 32
Leviticus 16:3
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s # BDB
#510
)ôlâh (òÉìÈä) [pronounced
ìo-LAW]burnt offering, ascending offering feminine singular noun Strong #5930 BDB
#750
Translation: Aaron will come to the Holy Place in this [manner]: with a young bull, son of a bull, for a sin-offering
and a ram for a burnt-offering.
Aaron is to come to the Holy Place (the Tabernacle), and he will be dressed in a certain way and he will bring
certain animal sacrifices.
He will bring a young bull and a ram to be offered up.
Leviticus 16:3 Aaron will come to the Holy Place in this [manner]: with a young bull, son of a bull, for a sin-offering
and a ram for a burnt-offering. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
When Aaron enters into the holy of holies, it must be tied to sacrifice. The sin offering is the man-ward side of the
cross; Jesus Christ died for our sins. The burnt offering is the God-ward side of the cross; God the Father
accepted His perfect sacrifice on our behalf. There was but one sacrifice, but it took several different animal
sacrifices to explain soteriology to the Jews.
This entrance into the holy of holies was to occur but once a year. No one was able to see what was going on;
they all knew if they knew Scripture. But into the second [room; i.e., the holy of holies] on the high priest [enters],
once a year, not without blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance.
The Holy Spirit signifies this, that the way into the holy place has not yet been disclosed, while the outer
Tabernacle is still standing, which is a type [or, symbol] for the present time. Accordingly, both gifts and sacrifices
are offered which cannot make the worshiper perfect in conscience, since they [are] only food and drink and
various washings, regulations for the body imposed until the dispensation of this new order. But when Christ
appeared a high priest of the good things that have come, through the greater and more perfect Tabernacle, not
made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation. And not through the blood of goats and calves, but through
His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption (Hebrews 9:7–12).
Leviticus 16:4a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kethôneth (ëÌÀúÉðÆú)
[pronounced keith-OH-
neath]
tunic; under-garment, garment
worn next to the skin; a long
shirt-like garment usually made
of linen [generally with sleeves
and coming down to the knees]
feminine singular
construct
Strong’s #3801
BDB #509
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments masculine singular noun Strong’s #906
BDB #94
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy,
set apart] place
masculine singular noun Strong's #6944
BDB #871
33 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:4a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâbash (ìÈáÇù)
[pronounced lawb-
VAHSH]
to put on, to clothe, to be
clothed, to wear
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #3847
BDB #527
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
mikenâç (îÄëÀðÈñ)
[pronounced mihk-
NAWCE]
drawers, breeches,
undergarments; trousers, pants masculine dual construct Strong’s #4370
BDB #488
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments masculine singular noun Strong’s #906
BDB #94
hâyâh (äÈéÈä) [pronounced
haw-YAW]
to be, is, was, are; to become, to
come into being; to come to
pass
3rd person masculine
plural, Qal imperfect
Strong's #1961
BDB #224
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of,
on account of
preposition of relative
proximity
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft
portions of the] body; animal
meat
masculine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity Strong’s #none
BDB #88
(abnêþ (àÇáÀðÅè)
[pronounced ab-NATE]
sash, belt, girdle, waistband (of
high priest; of other priests; of
high official)
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #73
BDB #7
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments masculine singular noun Strong’s #906
BDB #94
châgar (çÈâÇø)
[pronounced khaw-
GAHR]
to belt, to cinch, to gird, to
encircle, to bind, to tie, to rope,
to fasten around [onself]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #2296
BDB #291
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mitsenepheth (îÄöÀðÆôÆú)
[pronounced mits-neh-
FETH]
turban (of a high priest), diadem,
mitre
feminine singular
construct
Strong’s #4701
BDB #857
Leviticus Chapter 16 34
Leviticus 16:4a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments masculine singular noun Strong’s #906
BDB #94
tsânaph (öÈðÇó)
[pronounced tsaw-
NAHF]
to wrap (up), to wind up
together, to wind around; to be
attired
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #6801
BDB #857
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing,
apparel; possibly blankets
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy,
set apart] place
masculine singular noun Strong's #6944
BDB #871
hêm (äÅí) [pronounced
haym]
they, those; them, themselves;
these [with the definite article];
the others
3rd person masculine
plural personal pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong’s #1992
BDB #241
Translation: He will put on a white linen undergarment; and white linen drawers will be upon his body. He will
encircle [his waist] with a white linen belt and he will wrap a white linen turbine around [his head]. These [are] holy
garments.
Aaron has a specific set of clothing to wear. Here, the white linen garments are emphasized. Usually, he is
wearing blue and violet. I don’t know if he is considered the High Priest at this time. That could explain the
clothing that he is wearing.
Leviticus 16:4b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
râchats (øÈçÇõ)
[pronounced raw-
BAHTS]
to wash, to bathe (oneself), to
wash off (away); possibly to
declare oneself innocent
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #7364
BDB #934
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of proximity Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mayim (îÇéÄí)
[pronounced mah-YIHM]water (s) masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4325
BDB #565
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly
be translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
35 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:4b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft
portions of the] body; animal
meat
masculine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâbash (ìÈáÇù)
[pronounced lawb-
VAHSH]
to put on, to clothe, to be
clothed, to wear
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect;
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #3847
BDB #527
Translation: He has washed his body in the waters and he has put [these] clothes on [afterward]. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Before putting on this clothing, Aaron will bathe himself.
Leviticus 16:4 He will put on a white linen undergarment; and white linen drawers will be upon his body. He will
encircle [his waist] with a white linen belt and he will wrap a white linen turbine around [his head]. These [are] holy
garments. He has washed his body in the waters and he has put [these] clothes on [afterward]. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
The imperfect tense with all of these verbs means that during the entire process, he will be wearing these
garments. Only the high priest wore these garments because he was unique, just as our Lord Jesus Christ is the
unique God-man. The cleanliness speaks of our Lord's perfection. The fact that he could go into the holy of holies
speaks of ceremonial perfection to match our Lord's perfection.
Leviticus 16:3–4 Aaron will come to the Holy Place in this [manner]: with a young bull, son of a bull, for a sin-
offering and a ram for a burnt-offering. He will put on a white linen undergarment; and white linen drawers will be
upon his body. He will encircle [his waist] with a white linen belt and he will wrap a white linen turbine around [his
head]. These [are] holy garments. He has washed his body in the waters and he has put [these] clothes on
[afterward]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus 16:3–4 Aaron will come to the holy place in this manner: he will bring a young bull for a sin-offering and
a ram for a burnt-offering. He will wear white linen clothing—an undergarment, drawers, a belt and a
turbine—everything made from white linen. These are the holy garments of his priesthood. He will put them on
after thoroughly washing himself. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
And from a congregation of sons of Israel he
will take a pair of he-goats of female goats
for a sin-offering and a ram, one, for a burnt-
offering. And has brought near Aaron a bull
of the sin-offering that [is] for him; and he
has covered over for himself and for his
house.
Leviticus
16:5–6
And [Aaron] will take from an assembly of the
sons of Israel a pair of kids of the goats for a
sin-offering and one ram for a burnt-offering.
Aaron will also bring near a bull of the sin-
offering that [is] for him; and he [by these
offerings] atones for himself and for his house.
Leviticus Chapter 16 36
Aaron must make an atonement for himself and his house, due to the treachery of his two sons who died
the sin unto death. He will take from the assembly of the sons of Israel two kids of the boats for a sin-
offierng and one ram for a burnt-offering. Aaron will also bring near to be sacrificed a bull of the sin-
offering that [is] specifically for himself. By these offerings, he will have atoned for himself and for his
house.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And from a congregation of sons of Israel he will take a pair of he-goats of female
goats for a sin-offering and a ram, one, for a burnt-offering. And has brought near
Aaron a bull of the sin-offering that [is] for him; and he has covered over for himself
and for his house.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And he shall receive from the whole multitude of the children of Israel two buck
goats for sin, and one ram for a holocaust.
And when he hath offered the cattle and prayed for himself and for his own house:...
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta He shall take from the congregation of the B'nai Yisrael two male goats for a sin
offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
"Aaron shall offer the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make
atonement for himself and for his house.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats
for a sin-offering, and one lamb for a whole burnt offering.
And Aaron shall bring the calf for his own sin-offering, and shall make atonement
for himself and for his house.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And let him take from the children of Israel two he-goats for a sin-offering and one
male sheep for a burned offering.
And Aaron is to give the ox of the sin-offering for himself, to make himself and his
house free from sin.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "From the whole community of Israel, Aaron will accept two male goats for a sin
offering and one ram for a burnt offering. Then he will offer the bull for the sin
offering. This sin offering is for himself. He will do this to purify himself and his
family.
God’s Word™He will take two male goats from the congregation of Israel as an offering for sin
and a ram as a burnt offering.
37 The Book of Leviticus
"Aaron must sacrifice the bull as his own offering for sin. By doing this, he will make
peace with the LORD for himself and his family.
Good News Bible (TEV) The community of Israel shall give Aaron two male goats for a sin offering and a
ram for a burnt offering. He shall offer a bull as a sacrifice to take away his own
sins and those of his family.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Then the community of Israel will bring you a ram and two goats, both of them
males. The goats are to be used as sacrifices for sin, and the ram is to be used as
a sacrifice to please me. Aaron, you must offer the bull as a sacrifice of forgiveness
for your own sins and for the sins of your family.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified The Israelite people must then bring to him two male goats to be killed as an
offering for sin, and a ram to be killed and burned whole on the altar. Aaron must
offer the bull to me to be a sacrifice in order that I will forgive his sins and his
family's sins.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible .
International Standard V The Atonement and Scapegoat Lots
“He is to take two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a whole burnt
offering from the assembly of the Israelis. Then Aaron is to bring the bull as a sin
offering for himself and make atonement for himself and his household.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version He will take from the company of the children of Israel two he-goats from the female
goats for a Sin-Offering, and one ram for a whole Burnt-Offering.
Leviticus Chapter 16 38
Then Aaron will present the young bull of the Sin-Offering that is for himself, and
make Propitiatory-Covering for himself and for his house.
Wikipedia Bible Project And from the congregation of the sons of Israel, he will take two male goats, for
sinstuff, and one ram, for raised-offer. And Aaron sacrifieced the sinstuff bull which
he has, and atoned for himself and for his household.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) The assembly of the Israelites has to give him two male goats for a sin offering and
one ram for a burnt offering. Then Aaron shall offer the bullock for a sin offering for
himself to make atonement for himself and for his house hold.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 .
Tree of Life Version Then he is to take from the congregation of Bnei-Yisrael two he-goats for a sin
offering and one ram for a burnt offering.
Then Aaron is to offer the bull for the sin offering which is for himself and make
atonement for himself and his house.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible .
Awful Scroll Bible He was to take from the assembly of the sons of Isra-el, two young goats, even
she-goats for the miss of the mark, and one ram for a whole burnt offering.
Aaron was to bring near the young bull, for the miss of the mark, on his behalf, and
is to have made a covering over with his house.
Concordant Literal Version From the congregation of the sons of Israel shall he take two hairy goats as a sin
offering and one ram as an ascent offering.
Aaron will bring near the young bull of the sin offering which is for himself, and he
will make a propitiatory shelter about himself and about his house.
exeGeses companion Bible ...and of the witness of the sons of Yisra El
he takes two bucks of the goats for the sin
and one ram for a holocaust:
and Aharon oblates his bullock for the sin
which is for himself;
and kapars/atones for himself and for his house:...
Orthodox Jewish Bible And he shall take of the Adat Bnei Yisroel two male goats of the goats for a chattat,
and one ram for an olah.
And Aharon shall offer his bull of the chattat, which is for himself, and make
kapporah for himself, and for his bais.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. And <from the assembly of the sons of Israel> shall he receive two he-goats6 for
bearing sin,—and one ram6 as an ascending-sacrifice.
Then shall Aaron bring near the sin-bearing bullock which is for himself,—and put
a propitiatory-covering about himself6 and about his household.
39 The Book of Leviticus
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible .
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation From the Israelite community, he shall [also] take two goats for sin offerings, and
one ram for a burnt offering.
He shall [begin by] presenting his own sin offering bull and atoning for himself and
his family.
He shall begin by
(Yoma 35b; Yad, Avodath Yom HaKippurim 4:1). This was done after the
daily offering (Numbers 28:2-7) and the additional Yom Kippur offering
(Numbers 29:7-10). (Ibid.).
atoning
Confessing their sins (Ibid.; HaKethav VeHaKabbalah).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version And he shall take from the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the
goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
And Aaron shall offer his young bull of the sin offering which is for himself, and
make an atonement for himself and for his house.
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT .
Context Group Version And he shall take of the congregation of the sons of Israel two he-goats for a
purification-offering, and one ram for an ascension [offering]. And Aaron shall
present the bull of the purification-offering, which is for himself, and make
atonement for himself, and for his house.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version And from the congregation of the sons of Israel he takes two kids of the goats for
a sin-offering and one ram for a burnt-offering;
and Aaron has brought the bullock of the sin-offering near, which is his own, and
has made atonement for himself and for his house;
and he has taken the two goats, and has caused them to stand before YHWH, at
the opening of the Tent of Meeting. V. 7 is included for context.
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And he will take from the congregation of the sons of Israel two male-goats for a
sin-offering and one ram for a burnt-offering.
And Aaron will present the bull of the sin-offering, which is for himself and make
atonement for himself and for his house.
Leviticus Chapter 16 40
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and he will take from the company of the sons of Yisra'eyl two hairy goats of the
she-goats for a failure and one buck for an ascension offering, and Aharon will bring
near the bull of the failure which is for himself, and he will make a covering on his
behalf and on behalf of his house,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
5-6
Leviticus 16:5
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of separation Strong's #4480
BDB #577
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly
be translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
)êdâh (òÅãÈä) [pronounced
ìâ-DAWH]
company, congregation,
assembly, meeting; a company
of people assembled together by
appointment, a group of people
acting together
feminine singular
construct
Strong's #5712
BDB #417
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children;
people; sometimes rendered
men; young men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier
of God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper noun;
God-given name to
Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
lâqach (ìÈ÷Çç)
[pronounced law-
KAHKH]
to take, to take away, to take in
marriage; to seize
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #3947
BDB #542
shenêy (ùÀðÅé) [pronounced
she-NAY]
two of, a pair of, both of, a duo
of
masculine plural
numeral; construct form
Strong’s #8147
BDB #1040
41 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:5
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial
animal; wood demons (carved
like goats); a satyr; a demon-
possessed goat (like the swine
of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
)îzzîym (òÄæÌÄéí)
[pronounced ìihz-ZEEM]female goats; goats’ hair feminine plural noun Strong’s #5795
BDB #777
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun Strong's #2403
BDB #308
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(ayil (àÇéÄì) [pronounced
AH-yil]
ram; ram (as food; as a
sacrifice); a ram’s skin (skin
dyed red, for tabernacle)
masculine singular noun Strong’s #352
BDB #17
(echâd (àÆçÈã)
[pronounced eh-
KHAWD]
one, first, certain, only; each,
every; but it can also mean a
composite unity; possibly
particular; anyone; same
numeral adjective Strong's #259
BDB #25
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
)ôlâh (òÉìÈä) [pronounced
ìo-LAW]burnt offering, ascending offering feminine singular noun Strong #5930
BDB #750
Translation: And [Aaron] will take from an assembly of the sons of Israel a pair of kids of the goats for a sin-
offering and one ram for a burnt-offering.
The word for sin-offering, again, is the same as the word for sin. This indicates how closely tied the sin is to the
sin-offering. He made Him [Jesus Christ] Who knew no sin, sin on our behalf, that we might become the
righteousness of God in Him (2Corinthians 5:21).
Aaron is going to make an atonement—a covering over of his sins and the sins of his sons—by offering up the
animals named in vv. 5–6. In v. 5, he takes from the sons of Israel a pair of kids of the goats for a sin-offering.
Two young goats are taken to represent his two sons who died. The ram give for the burnt-offering represents
the Lord Jesus Christ being offered for all of our sins.
Application: We will forever, in this world, be falsely accused and even falsely punished or fined for this or that.
Bear in mind that Jesus took upon Himself all of our sins. No matter how wronged we feel from circumstances
in this life, far, far more Jesus dying for our sins.
Leviticus 16:5 And [Aaron] will take from an assembly of the sons of Israel a pair of kids of the goats for a sin-
offering and one ram for a burnt-offering. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus Chapter 16 42
There is another historical analogy here, which is rarely seen (if at all). The Day of Atonement spans several
millenniums, even though it centers upon the cross. Here, Aaron is representative of Israel, whose sins could only
be dealt with symbolically prior to the cross.
Leviticus 16:6
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
qârab (÷ÈøÇá) [pronounced
kaw-RABV]
to cause to approach, to bring
[draw] near, to bring, to offer; to
bring together; to cause to
withdraw, to remove
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong #7126
BDB #897
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]
bull, [especially a] young bull,
steer
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of
a charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf
of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
43 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:6
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf
of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward
masculine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular suffix
Strong's #1004
BDB #108
Translation: Aaron will also bring near a bull of the sin-offering that [is] for him; and he [by these offerings] atones
for himself and for his house. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The bull is not offered or sacrificed at this point in time in the rituals of the Day of Atonement. Qârab (÷ÈøÇá)
[pronounced kaw-RABV] means, as we have seen, come near, approach in the Qal stem. In the Hiphil, it is often
translated bring, offer, but it is better translated to approach [with]. Strong #7126 BDB #897. We append the with
when there is a direct object involved. As we have seen, to bring, to offer are not definitions which will jive with
Genesis 12:11 and Exodus 14:10, where the Hiphil perfect clearly means to be brought near. One of the
problems with a sloppy translation is that it sounds as though the bull is offered as a sacrifice here, then Aaron
casts lots concerning the goats, then it sounds as though he offers the bull again in v. 11. The bull is not offered
or sacrificed twice; it is merely brought before the Lord in this verse and sacrificed in v. 11. A correct translation
makes that clear. The NIV Study Bible presents vv. 6–10 as an outline of vv. 11–22, which is a possibility; but one
which is proposed more due to a poor translation than out of exegesis.
We need to fully understand what atonement means. Scofield points out that this word has come to have a great
deal of theological significance beyond its strict usage in the Bible. Here it is the 3rd masculine singular, Piel
perfect of kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø) [pronounced kaw-FAHR] and it literally means cover, placate, pacify. We find this word
used one time in the Qal stem back in Genesis 6:14 where the verb cleanly means to cover [with pitch]. This word
is found in the Piel back in Genesis 32:20 where Jacob sends a present17 to Esau to appease or placate Esau.
Recall that the Bible was written by God the Holy Spirit and when dealing with words of great spiritual import, the
Holy Spirit reveals their meaning early on in the Bible, cognizant through omniscience, that certain words, like
kâphar, come to take on a meaning of their own. These first two uses allow us to reel ourselves in from getting
too complex and listing its true meaning. There are two sides to this verb; when man kâphar’s for himself, he
appeases Yehowah because the man's sins have been covered over. Strong's #3722 BDB #497.
There is the corresponding masculine noun kôpher (ëÌÉôÆø) [pronounced KOH-fer] also first found in Genesis 6:14
for the pitch that was used. It was a type of covering. We also find the noun used in Exodus 21:30 where a man's
ox had previously killed, it had not been put to death, and it killed again. The ox would be killed, the man would
be executed or he kill the ox and would have to pay an amount of money which was the value of a life, which a
limitations being set on that amount which could be demanded for the goring of a slave (Exodus 21:32). The clear
indication here is that his life is spared if they can come up with an amount of money to cover what had been done
and to appease the family of the person who was killed. Strong’s #3724 BDB #499. Therefore, kâphar (and its
corresponding noun kôpher) could be translated cover if only the sin of the transgressor was the context, but it
could be translated appease if God was the direct object of the verb. The feminine substantive cognate is
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú) [pronounced kap-POH-reth] which means lid, and we find it used only in the Bible for the mercy
17 Recall that this was quite the gift: 200 female goats and 20 male goats, 200 ewes and 20 rams, 20 milking camels and their
colts, 40 cows and 10 bulls, 20 female donkeys and 10 male donkeys (Genesis 32:13–15).
Leviticus Chapter 16 44
seat of the ark of the covenant. This lid covers are transgressions of the law and our rebelliousness (recall the
objects found within the ark) and our dismissal of God's provisions; and God sees only the complete covering of
acacia wood plated with gold and He is appeased. Strong’s #3727 BDB #498.
To take from Scofield, the absolute master of theological editing, he write, In theology it is a term
which covers the whole sacrificial and redemptive work of Christ. In the O.T., atonement is the
English word used to translate the Hebrew words which mean cover, coverings or to cover.
Atonement is, therefore, not a translation of the Hebrew but a purely theological concept.18 Strictly
speaking, the sacrifices did not atone for the sins of the people, but rather temporarily covered these
sins and temporarily appeased the perfect God of justice. It is our Lord Who atones for our sins; that
is, He completely removes our sins from us and appeased the perfect God of justice forever.
The bull is brought before God on behalf of Aaron's sins so that he will be qualified to lead in this ritual, because
Aaron also posses an old sin nature and he also sins. For every high priest taken from among men is apoint on
behalf of men in things pertaining to God in order to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins; he can deal gently with
the ignorant and misguided, since he himself is also beset with weakness; and because of this [his old sin nature],
he is obligated to offer [sacrifices] for sins, as for the people, so also for himself. And no one takes the honor to
himself, but when he is called by God, even as Aaron was (Hebrews 5:1–4).19
Leviticus 16:6 Aaron will also bring near a bull of the sin-offering that [is] for him; and he [by these offerings]
atones for himself and for his house. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Aaron will offer a bull up as a sin-offering for himself. The other offerings are for himself and for his household
(primarily for his sons who sinned as per Leviticus 10). In Leviticus 10, there were no sacrifices offered to cover
over the sins of these two men (and for Aaron, who apparently did not fully convey the responsibility of their office
to them). Time has been given for Aaron and Moses to mourn the loss of these young men; but now, an
atonement or covering over must be done due to their sins.
Leviticus 16:5–6 And [Aaron] will take from an assembly of the sons of Israel a pair of kids of the goats for a sin-
offering and one ram for a burnt-offering. Aaron will also bring near a bull of the sin-offering that [is] for him; and
he [by these offerings] atones for himself and for his house. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus 16:5–6 Aaron must make an atonement for himself and his house, due to the treachery of his two sons
who died the sin unto death. He will take from the assembly of the sons of Israel two kids of the boats for a sin-
offierng and one ram for a burnt-offering. Aaron will also bring near to be sacrificed a bull of the sin-offering that
[is] specifically for himself. By these offerings, he will have atoned for himself and for his house. (Kukis
paraphrase)
——————————
18 p. 148.
19 By the time we are finished with the books of the Law, particularly Leviticus, we will have covered a major portion of the New
Testament book of Hebrews.
45 The Book of Leviticus
And he takes a pair of the he-goats to
present them to faces of Yehowah [at] an
opening of a tent of meeting. And has given
Aaron upon two of the shaggy (goats)
allotments: an allotment of one for Yehowah,
and an allotment of one for an escape [or,
Azazel]. And has brought near Aaron the he-
goat which has gone up upon the allotment
to Yehowah and he made him a sin-offering.
And the he-goat upon him the allotment for
an escape [or, Azazel], he will be presented
alive to faces of Yehowah to cover over upon
him to send him to an escape [or, Azazel]
into the wilderness.
Leviticus
16:7–10
Then [Aaron] will take a pair of the he-goats to
present them before Yehowah [at] the opening
of the Tent of Meeting. And Aaron has placed
lots on both shaggy (goats): a lot of the one
for Yehowah and a lot for the one for an
escape. Then Aaron brings near the goat
which has gone up on the lot to Yehowah, and
[Aaron] made it a sin-offering. But for the goat
upon which [fell] the lot for escape, he will be
presented alive before Yehowah to atone for
him, [and he will] set it free to escape into the
desert-wilderness.
Aaron will them take two goats and present them before Jehovah at the opening of the Tent of Meeting.
Aaron will cast lots on behalf of both goats: the lot upon one of them will dedicate it to Yehowah; and the
lot on the other one will be its escape. Aaron then brings near to the Tent the goat dedicated to Jehovah,
and he presents it as a sin-offering before God. However, the other goat will be presented alive before
Jehovah, and then it will be set free in the desert-wilderness.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And he takes a pair of the he-goats to present them to faces of Yehowah [at] an
opening of a tent of meeting. And has given Aaron upon two of the shaggy (goats)
allotments: an allotment of one for Yehowah, and an allotment of one for an escape
[or, Azazel]. And has brought near Aaron the he-goat which has gone up upon the
allotment to Yehowah and he made him a sin-offering. And the he-goat upon him
the allotment for an escape [or, Azazel], he will be presented alive to faces of
Yehowah to cover over upon him to send him to an escape [or, Azazel] into the
wilderness.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) He shall make the two buck goats to stand before the Lord in the door of the
tabernacle of the testimony.
And casting lots upon them both, one to be offered to the Lord, and the other to be
the emissary goat:
That whose lot fell to be offered to the Lord, he shall offer for sin.
But that whose lot was to be the emissary goat, he shall present before the Lord,
that he may pour prayers upon him, and let him go into the wilderness.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta He shall take the two goats, and set them before Mar-Yah at the door of the
Tabernacle.
Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats; one lot for Mar-Yah, and the other lot for the
scapegoat.
Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for Mar-Yah, and offer him for a
sin offering.
Leviticus Chapter 16 46
But the goat, on which the lot fell for the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before
Mar-Yah, to make atonement for him, to send him away for the scapegoat into the
wilderness.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he shall take the two goats, and place them before the Lord by the door of the
tabernacle of witness.
And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for the Lord, and the other for
the scapegoat.
And Aaron shall bring forward the goat on which the lot for the Lord fell, and shall
offer him for a sin-offering.
And the goat upon which the lot of the scapegoat came, he shall present alive
before the Lord, to make atonement upon him, so as to send him away as a
scapegoat, and he shall send him into the wilderness.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And he is to take the two goats and put them before the Lord at the door of the Tent
of meeting.
And Aaron will make selection from the two goats by the decision of the Lord, one
goat for the Lord and one for Azazel.
And the goat which is marked out for the Lord, let Aaron give for a sin-offering.
But the goat for Azazel is to be placed living before the Lord, for the taking away of
sin, that it may be sent away for Azazel into the waste land.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "Then Aaron will take the two goats and bring them before the LORD at the
doorway of the Meeting Tent. Aaron will throw lots for the two goats. One lot will be
for the LORD. The other lot will be for Azazel.
"Then Aaron will offer the goat chosen by the lot for the LORD. Aaron will make this
goat a sin offering. But the goat chosen by the lot for Azazel will be brought alive
before the LORD. Then this goat will be sent out to Azazel in the desert. This is to
make the people pure.
God’s Word™He must take the two male goats and bring them into the LORD'S presence at the
entrance to the tent of meeting. Then Aaron must throw lots for the two goats. One
lot will be for the LORD and the other for Azazel.
Aaron must sacrifice the goat chosen by lot for the LORD as an offering for sin. But
he must bring the goat chosen by lot for Azazel into the LORD'S presence. He will
release it in the desert to Azazel in order to make peace with the LORD for himself
and his family.
Good News Bible (TEV) Then he shall take the two goats to the entrance of the Tent of the LORD's
presence. There he shall draw lots, using two stones, one marked "for the LORD"
and the other "for Azazel."
Aaron shall sacrifice the goat chosen by lot for the LORD and offer it as a sin
offering. The goat chosen for Azazel shall be presented alive to the LORD and sent
off into the desert to Azazel, in order to take away the sins of the people.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
47 The Book of Leviticus
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Then you will lead the two goats into my presence at the front of the sacred tent,
where I will show you which goat will be sacrificed to me and which one will be sent
into the desert to the demon Azazel. After you offer the first goat as a sacrifice for
sin, the other one must be presented to me alive, before you send it into the desert
to take away the sins of the people.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified Then he must bring the two male goats to me at the entrance to the sacred tent.
He must cast lots to determine which goat will be sacrificed to me and which will be
the goat that he will set free. Aaron must bring to me the goat that was chosen to
be sacrificed. It will be an offering for the people's sins. Aaron must also bring to
me the other goat. But it is not to be killed. It will be freed while it is still alive. When
Aaron sends it into the wilderness, I will forgive the people's sins.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And he shall take the two goats, and stand them before the face of Jehovah
at the door of the tent of appointed meeting.
And Aaron shall give lots on the two goats, one lot for Jehovah, and the other
lot for the scapegoat.
And Aaron shall bring the goat on which Jehovah’s lot fell, and offer him for
a sin offering.
And the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat shall stand alive before
the face of Jehovah to make a covering by it, and to send away the scapegoat into
the desert.
International Standard V “Then he is to take the two male goats and present them in the Lord’s presence at
the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. Aaron is to cast lots over the two male
goats—one lot for the Lord and the other one for the scapegoat. [So with LXX; MT reads
for Azazel; i.e. the goat that will be sent away]
“Aaron then is to bring the male goat on which the lot fell for the Lord and offer it as
a sin offering. The male goat on which the lot fell for the scapegoat is to be brought
alive into the Lord’s presence to make atonement for himself. Then he is to send it
into the wilderness.”
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
Leviticus Chapter 16 48
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version And he will take the two he-goats and present them before YHWH at the entrance
of the Tabernacle at the Appointed Place. Then Aaron will cast lots upon the two
he-goats, one lot for YHWH and the other lot for Azazel (the goat of removal). And
Aaron will bring the he-goat upon which YHWH's lot fell and offer him for a Sin-
Offering. But the he-goat on which the lot fell that was Azazel (the goat of removal)
will stand forth alive before YHWH to make Propitiatory-Covering, and to be cast out
for a goat of removal into the uninhabited land.
Wikipedia Bible Project And he took the two he-goats, and he stood them before Yahweh, at the opening
of the tent of events. And Aaron cast lots on the two goats--- one lot for Yahweh,
and one lot for 'azazel. And Aaron will sacrifice the goat which upon it cast
Yahweh's lot, and he made it sinstuff. And the goat upon which 'azazel's lot is, will
stand alive before Yahweh. To atone for him, send him to 'azalel, to the steppe The
Wikipedia Bible Project lacks a v. 10 but places v. 19 here instead. See Wikipedia.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) He shall take the two male goats and present them to Yahweh at the entrance to
the Tent of Meeting. He is to cast lots for the two goats, one lot for Yahweh and
one lot for Azazel. Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot fell for Yahweh as a
sin offering. But the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel will be placed alive before
Yahweh to make atonement by being sent into the wilderness as a scapegoat.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible And he shall take the two he-goats and shall cause them to stand before YAHWEH,
at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
And Aaron shall give lots over the two he-goats, one lot for YAHWEH, and one lot
for the scapegoat (complete removal).
And Aaron shall bring the goat on which the lot of YAHWEH fell and shall make it
a sin offering.
And the goat on which the lot fell for a complete removal shall be made to stand
living before YAHWEH to atone by it, to send it away for a complete removal into
the wilderness.
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And he shall take the two goats and let them stand before éäåä at the door of the
Tent of Appointment.
“And Aharon shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for éäåä and the other lot for
Azazel.
“And Aharon shall bring the goat on which the lot for éäåä fell, and shall prepare it
as a sin offering.
“But the goat on which the lot for Azazel fell is caused to stand alive before éäåä, to
make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness to Azazel.
Tree of Life Version Then he is take the two goats and present them before Adonai at the entrance of
the Tent of Meeting.
49 The Book of Leviticus
Aaron will then cast lots for the two goats—one lot for Adonai, and the other lot for
the scapegoat.
Aaron is to present the goat on which the lot for Adonai fell and make it a sin
offering.
But the goat upon which the lot for the scapegoat fell is to be presented alive before
Adonai, to make atonement upon it, by sending it away as the scapegoat into the
wilderness.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND HE SHALL TAKE THE TWO GOATS, AND PLACE THEM BEFORE JESUS
BY THE DOOR OF THE TABERNACLE OF WITNESS.
AND AARON SHALL CAST LOTS UPON THE TWO GOATS, ONE LOT FOR
JESUS, AND THE OTHER FOR THE GOAT OF REMOVAL.
AND AARON SHALL BRING FORWARD THE GOAT ON WHICH THE LOT FOR
JESUS FELL, AND SHALL OFFER HIM FOR A SIN-OFFERING.
AND THE GOAT UPON WHICH THE LOT OF THE GOAT OF REMOVAL CAME,
HE SHALL PRESENT ALIVE BEFORE JESUS, TO MAKE ATONEMENT UPON
HIM, SO AS TO SEND HIM AWAY AS A GOAT OF REMOVAL, AND HE SHALL
SEND HIM INTO THE DESERT. †(The "Goat of Removal" represents lost people
who do not repent & are not saved. Thus The Sacrificial Blood of JESUS does not
atone for them. They carry the burden of their sins which results in their being cast
out & perish in The Lake of Fire. The other goat represents people who are still
saved by the time of the Great White Throne Judgment. Genesis 3:8 to Genesis
3:23, Genesis 4:8 to Genesis 4:16, Isaiah 59:2, Romans 5:9 to Romans 5:11,
Romans 11:15, 2Corinthians 5:17 to 2Corinthians 5:21, Ephesians 2:11 to
Ephesians 2:22, Luke 15:11 to Luke 15:32, Matthew 25:31 to Matthew 25:41) .
Awful Scroll Bible He is to have taken the two young goats, and is to have stationed them turned
before Sustains To Become at the opening of the tent of the appointed place.
Aaron shall give a casting of lots over the two young goats, one lot for Sustains To
Become and the other lot for a scapegoat.
Aaron was to bring near the young goat, that the lot of Sustains To Become is to
have come up, even is he to have prepared it for the miss of the mark.
The young goat that the lot is to have come up for a scapegoat, was to be stationed
alive, turned toward Sustains To Become to make a covering over, even to let loose
the scapegoat into the wilderness.
Concordant Literal Version He will take the two hairy goats and stand them before Yahweh at the opening of
the tent of appointment.
Then Aaron will cast lots over the two hairy goats, one lot for Yahweh and one lot
for the goat of departure.
Aaron will bring near the hairy goat over which the lot for Yahweh comes up and
make it a sin offering.
Yet the hairy goat over which the lot for the goat of departure comes up shall stay
alive before Yahweh to make a propitiatory shelter over it and to send it away as the
goat of departure to the wilderness.
exeGeses companion Bible ...and he takes the two bucks
and stands them at the face of Yah Veh
at the opening of the tent of the congregation:
and Aharon gives pebbles on the two bucks
- one pebble for Yah Veh
and one pebble for the scapegoat:
and Aharon oblates the buck
on which the pebble of Yah Veh ascends
and works him for the sin:
Leviticus Chapter 16 50
and the buck
on which the pebble of the scapegoat ascends
stands alive at the face of Yah Veh
to kapar/atone by him
and to send him away
- a scapegoat into the wilderness.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And he shall take the two goats, and present them before Hashem at the entrance
of the Ohel Mo'ed.
And Aharon shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for Hashem, and the other
lot for Azazel.
And Aharon shall bring the goat upon which Hashem's lot fell, and offer him for a
chattat.
But the goat, on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented chai (alive) before
Hashem, to make kapporah through it, and to let him go for Azazel into the midbar.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And Aaron shall present the sin offering’s bull, which is for himself, and so he shall
make atonement for himself and for his family. And he shall take the two goats, and
he shall present them before [Literally “to the faces of”] Yahweh at the tent of assembly’s
entrance. Then [Or “And”] Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats: one lot for Yahweh
and one for Azazel. And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot for Yahweh
fell, and he shall sacrifice [Literally “do” or “make”] it as a sin offering. But [Or “And”] he
must present alive before [Literally “to the faces of”] Yahweh the goat on which the lot for
Azazel fell to make atonement for himself, to send it away into the desert to Azazel.
V. 6 is included for context.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation He shall then take the two goats, and stand them before God at the Communion
Tent entrance.
Aaron shall place two lots on the two goats one lot [marked] 'for God,' and one
[marked] 'for Azazel.'
Aaron shall present the goat that has the lot for God so that it will [later] be prepared
as a sin offering.
The goat that has the lot for Azazel shall remain alive before God, so that [Aaron]
will [later] be able to make atonement on it and send it to Azazel in the desert.
lots
These were two pieces of boxwood (Arukh; Rambam on Yoma 3:10, Negaim
2:1), ashkora in Hebrew, upon which the above words were written (Yoma
37a). These would be placed in a kalpi or small box (Ibid.; ascoran or ecrin in
French, Rashi). He would then mix up the two lots (Arukh, s.v. Taraf) and lift
them out of the box quickly without thinking about which one he taking in
which hand (Yoma 39a). The box would be large enough to hold the High
Priests two hands (Ibid.). Thus when he lifted them out, one would be in his
right hand and the other in his left hand. Since one goat would be to his right
51 The Book of Leviticus
and the other to his left, the hand in which each lot was lifted would determine
which goat would be designated for which part of the service (Ibid.).
Azazel
This is a proper noun (cf. Targum), and some say that it was the name of a
known mountain (Saadia; Emunoth VeDeyoth 3:10; Radak, Sherashim),
possibly in the Sinai area (cf. Ibn Ezra). Others say that it denotes a hard
rocky cliff, indicating that this goat was pushed off a cliff to its death (Yoma
63a; Targum Yonathan on 16:10; Sifra; Rashi; HaKethav VeHaKabbalah).
Others say that azazel means 'to be sent away' (Septuagint), or 'to carry away
sins' (Symachus; Vulgate).
There is another opinion that Azazel denotes the fact that this goat was
designated for the forces of evil (Pirkey Rabbi Eliezer 46; Ramban; Bachya;
Chizzkuni; Zohar 3:63a). By making evil part of the service, the evil of the
people's sins is re-elevated to God.
Others say that it is meant to atone for sexual crimes (Rashi, Yoma 67b, s.v.
Uza), the sin of the fallen angels, Uza and Uzael (Yoma 67b; cf. Targum
Yonathan on Genesis 6:4; Enoch 10:4,5). Some say that Azazel represents
the forces of nature (Hirsch).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. Then shall he take the two goats,—and cause them to stand6 before Yahweh, at the
entrance of the tent of meeting. And Aaron shall cast lots! over the two goats,—one
lot for Yahweh, and one lot for Azazel.f Then shall Aaron bring near the goat over
which came up the lot for Yahweh,—and shall make of him a sinbearer; but <the
goat over which came up the lot for Azazel> shall he cause to stand alive— before
Yahweh6 to put a propitiatory-covering over him,—to send him away unto Azazel6
towards the desert.g
f For note on Azazel, see O.T. Ap. “The Escape Goat.” [Kukis: See Addendum for
this note.]
g Or: “wilderness.”
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT . testimony
Context Group Version And he shall take the two goats, and set them before YHWH at the door of the tent
of meeting. And Aaron shall cast lots on the two goats; one lot for YHWH, and the
other lot for Azazel. And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for
YHWH, and offer him for a purification-offering. But the goat, on which the lot fell
for Azazel, shall be set alive before YHWH, to make atonement for him, to send him
away for Azazel into the wilderness.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation And he shall take the two he-goats and shall cause them to stand before Jehovah,
at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall give lots over the
two he-goats, one lot for Jehovah, and one lot for a complete removal.
And Aaron shall bring the goat on which the lot of Jehovah fell and shall make it a
sin offering. And the goat on which the lot fell for a complete removal shall be made
to stand living before Jehovah to atone by it, to send it away for a complete removal
into the wilderness.
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version And Aaron has given lots over the two goats, one lot for YHWH and one lot for a
goat of departure; and Aaron has brought the goat near, on which the lot for YHWH
Leviticus Chapter 16 52
has gone up, and has made it a sin-offering. And the goat on which the lot for a
goat of departure has gone up is caused to stand living before YHWH to make
atonement by it, to send it away for a goat of departure into the wilderness. V. 7
was placed with the previous passage for context.
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And he will take the two goats and set them before Jehovah at the door of the tent
of meeting. And Aaron will cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for Jehovah and
the other lot for the scapegoat. And Aaron will present the goat upon which the lot
fell for Jehovah and offer him for a sin-offering.
But the goat, on which the lot fell for the scapegoat, will be set alive before Jehovah,
to make atonement for him, to send him away for the scapegoat into the wilderness.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible And he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation. M0010 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two
goats -- one lot for the LORD and the other lot for Azazel (scapegoat of departure).
And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD's lot fell, and offer him for a
sin offering. But the goat on which the lot fell to be the Azazel (scapegoat of
departure) shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with
him and to let him go as an Azazel into the wilderness.
In the KJV is "scapegoat" (Lev.16:8, Lev.16:26) which today has the connotation
of someone who is unjustly blamed for other's sins. The Hebrew is Azazel, which
means "one removed or separated ." The Azazel goat represents Satan, who is no
scapegoat. He is guilty of his part in our sins.
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and he will take the two hairy goats and he will make them stand to the face of
YHWH, at the opening of the appointed tent, and Aharon will place upon the two
hairy goats lots, one lot is for YHWH and one lot is for Azazeyl[778], and Aharon will
bring near the hairy goat, which went up[779] upon him the lot for YHWH, and he will
do him[780] as a failure, and the hairy goat which went up[781] upon him the lot for
Azazeyl, he will stand living to the face of YHWH to make a covering upon him, to
send him for Azazeyl unto the wilderness,...
778. Most translations have “scapegoat,” but the context implies that this is the
name of a person or other entity.
779. Meaning the one that was “selected.”
780. That is, “offer him.”
781. Meaning the one that was “selected.”
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
7-10
Leviticus 16:7
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
53 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:7
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâqach (ìÈ÷Çç)
[pronounced law-
KAHKH]
to take, to take away, to take in
marriage; to seize
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #3947
BDB #542
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
shenêy (ùÀðÅé) [pronounced
she-NAY]two of, a pair of, both of, a duo of masculine plural
numeral; construct form
Strong’s #8147
BDB #1040
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)âmad (òÈîÇã) [pronounced
ìaw-MAHD]
to cause to stand [firm], to maintain;
to station, to cause to set up [place,
raise up, erect], to establish, to
preserve; to decree, to impose [a
law, mandate]; to ordain, to
appoint, to destine; to stand still; to
present [one] before [a king]
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong's #5975
BDB #763
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
them; untranslated mark of a direct
object; occasionally to them, toward
them
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
pethach (ôÌÆúÇç)
[pronounced PEH-
thahkh]
opening, doorway, entrance, gate
[for a tent, house, or city];
metaphorically, gate [of hope, of
the mouth]
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6607
BDB #835
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
Leviticus Chapter 16 54
Leviticus 16:7
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
Translation: Then [Aaron] will take a pair of the he-goats to present them before Yehowah [at] the opening of the
Tent of Meeting.
Part of this ceremony will involve two goats. Aaron will bring two goats and present them to God at the opening
of the Tabernacle.
Insofar as I can tell, Aaron simply brings two goats and they stand in front of the Tabernacle.
Leviticus 16:7 Then [Aaron] will take a pair of the he-goats to present them before Yehowah [at] the opening of
the Tent of Meeting. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Yehowah, although He is said to be the cloud above the mercy seat, is omniscient; so we use the term faces to
indicate this.
Leviticus 16:8
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâthan (ðÈúÇï) [pronounced
naw-THAHN]
to give, to grant, to place, to put, to
set; to make
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5414
BDB #678
All of the BDB meanings for the Qal stem of nâthan are as follows: 1) to give, put, set; 1a) (Qal); 1a1) to give,
bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit,
entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out,
extend; 1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate; 1a3) to make, constitute.
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of, on
account of
preposition of relative
proximity
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
shenêy (ùÀðÅé) [pronounced
she-NAY]two of, a pair of, both of, a duo of masculine plural
numeral; construct form
Strong’s #8147
BDB #1040
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]hairy; shaggy; rough
masculine plural
adjective with the
definite article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
55 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:8
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
gôwrâl (âÌåÉøÈì)
[pronounced goh-RAWL]
allocation, lot (or, lots), [land]
allotment, portion, recompense,
retribution; what falls to anyone
because of a lot; inheritance;
metaphorically for one’s lot in life
masculine plural noun Strong’s #1486
BDB #174
gôwrâl (âÌåÉøÈì)
[pronounced goh-RAWL]
allocation, lot (or, lots), [land]
allotment, portion, recompense,
retribution; what falls to anyone
because of a lot; inheritance;
metaphorically for one’s lot in life
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #1486
BDB #174
(echâd (àÆçÈã)
[pronounced eh-
KHAWD]
one, first, certain, only; each, every;
but it can also mean a composite
unity; possibly particular; anyone;
same
masculine singular
numeral adjective
Strong's #259
BDB #25
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
gôwrâl (âÌåÉøÈì)
[pronounced goh-RAWL]
allocation, lot (or, lots), [land]
allotment, portion, recompense,
retribution; what falls to anyone
because of a lot; inheritance;
metaphorically for one’s lot in life
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #1486
BDB #174
(echâd (àÆçÈã)
[pronounced eh-
KHAWD]
one, first, certain, only; each, every;
but it can also mean a composite
unity; possibly particular; anyone;
same
masculine singular
numeral adjective
Strong's #259
BDB #25
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
)ãzâ’zel (òÂæÈàæÅì)
[pronounced az-aw-
ZALE]
escape, entire removal; scapegoat,
goat of removal (escape, departure,
that he will set free); transliterated,
Azazel, who is possibly a desert
demon?
masculine singular
noun; some say a
proper noun
Strong’s #5799
BDB #736
This word—possibly a proper noun—is found four times and only in this chapter. It is made up of two words:
the first being, )êz (òÅæ) [pronounced ìayz], which means, female goat, she-goat, goat, kid. Strong’s #5795 BDB
#777. The second is (âzal (àÈæÇì) [pronounced aw-ZAHL], which means, to go, to be gone, to go away; to go
about. Strong’s #235 BDB #23.
Leviticus Chapter 16 56
Translation: And Aaron has placed lots on both shaggy (goats): a lot of the one for Yehowah and a lot for the one
for an escape.
We need to examine a couple of words here. Casting lots is a method of divination used on important matters
when prescribed by God to ascertain divine will. This is used only in the Old Testament as a means of divine
guidance. This is because at that time there was no a completed Old Testament, so that God's will had to be
determined in a number of ways. When used in the New Testament, the first time was a method of selecting who
would legally steal our Lord's clothing at the cross, fulfilling prophecy, but not a matter of divine will; who got the
clothing was inconsequential and could possibly be in hell today. The only other time a lot is cast concerned the
choosing by the Apostles of a successor for Judas. Although God decreed there be a replacement for Judas from
eternity past, God would choose this person and the other eleven Apostles would not. They presented to God two
men who were not God's choice out of several candidates, who also were not God's choice, and asked God to
reveal to them who His choice was. God chose none of them and later revealed this by making the most
prominent Apostle out of a persecutor of the church. However, casting lots in the Old Testament was a bona fide
means of determining God's will. The mechanics of casting lots has not come down to us because people today
would abuse that knowledge (notice how people use prayer to determine God's will; they will go against the clear
teaching of Scripture thinking that if they pray hard enough and long enough that they can just go ahead and do
whatever it is that they wanted to and, through all their prayer, receive the blessings of God). We know from this
verse that when casting these lots, it was apparently done twice, once to determine which goat would be sacrificed
to Yehowah and the other to determine which goat would become the scapegoat, casting one lot for Yehowah and
the other for the scapegoat. Exatly why this was done this way and how is unknown to us. At least some of the
time, the lot was cast into the lap of the caster (Proverbs 16:33). Why it is occasionally in the plural and
occasionally in the singular is not clearly explained; but, knowing the exact mechanics, again, would be potentially
dangerous information.
The word for scapegoat is )ãzâ’zel (òÂæÈàæÅì) [pronounced az-aw-ZALE] and this word is found only in this chapter
of Leviticus (vv. 8, 10, 26). We do not find it in the New Testament or anywhere else in the Old. The words for
goat and departure are combined to make up this word. The Greek translation of the Septuagint confirms this.
The sins of Israel will be placed on this goat and it would take their sins far from them. There is a tradition which
came about much later that <ãzâ’zel is the name of a desert demon. There is absolutely nothing in Scripture to
support this notion. Recall, this is the only chapter in which this word occurs.
Leviticus 16:8 And Aaron has placed lots on both shaggy (goats): a lot of the one for Yehowah and a lot for the
one for an escape. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Aaron casts lots on these two goats or he simply chooses which lot goes for which goat. One goat is chosen for
Yehowah and the other is chosen to escape.
Leviticus 16:9
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
qârab (÷ÈøÇá) [pronounced
kaw-RABV]
to cause to approach, to bring
[draw] near, to bring, to offer; to
bring together; to cause to
withdraw, to remove
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong #7126
BDB #897
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
57 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:9
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
)âlâh (òÈìÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-LAWH]
to go up, to ascend, to come up, to
rise, to climb
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5927
BDB #748
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of, on
account of
preposition of relative
proximity; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
gôwrâl (âÌåÉøÈì)
[pronounced goh-RAWL]
allocation, lot (or, lots), [land]
allotment, portion, recompense,
retribution; what falls to anyone
because of a lot; inheritance;
metaphorically for one’s lot in life
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #1486
BDB #174
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture;
accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect;
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun Strong's #2403
BDB #308
Translation: Then Aaron brings near the goat which has gone up on the lot to Yehowah, and [Aaron] made it a
sin-offering.
The goat dedicates to Yehowah will be made into a sin-offering. Its throat will be cut and it will be offered on the
altar. Generally speaking, the priests or those who are sacrificed for will eat the meat of the animal offered up.
Leviticus Chapter 16 58
Obviously, the sacrifice of the goat to Yehowah represents Jesus dying for our sins.
Leviticus 16:9 Then Aaron brings near the goat which has gone up on the lot to Yehowah, and [Aaron] made it
a sin-offering. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The lot noted which goat would be sacrificed directly to God Again, the translations which are usually used make
it sound as though Aaron offers the goat here to God and then does it again in v. 15. I am certain that there are
been mentions of this as a contradiction in one of those many, short-lived books which purports to reveal all of the
contradictions found in the Bible. A correct translation clears up 90% of all alleged contradictions.
Leviticus 16:10
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
)âlâh (òÈìÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-LAWH]
to go up, to ascend, to come up, to
rise, to climb
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5927
BDB #748
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of, on
account of
preposition of relative
proximity; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
gôwrâl (âÌåÉøÈì)
[pronounced goh-RAWL]
allocation, lot (or, lots), [land]
allotment, portion, recompense,
retribution; what falls to anyone
because of a lot; inheritance;
metaphorically for one’s lot in life
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #1486
BDB #174
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
)ãzâ’zel (òÂæÈàæÅì)
[pronounced az-aw-
ZALE]
escape, entire removal; scapegoat,
goat of removal (escape, departure,
that he will set free); transliterated,
Azazel, who is possibly a desert
demon?
masculine singular
noun; some say a
proper noun
Strong’s #5799
BDB #736
)âmad (òÈîÇã) [pronounced
ìaw-MAHD]
to be presented, to be caused to
stand, to be stood before
3rd person masculine
singular, Hophal
imperfect
Strong's #5975
BDB #763
59 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:10
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
chay (çÇé) [pronounced
KHAH-ee]
living, alive, active, lively, vigorous
[used of man or animals]; green
[vegetation]; fresh [used of a plant];
flowing [water]; reviving [of the
springtime]; raw [flesh]
adjective; can be used
as a substantive;
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #2416
BDB #311
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
Piel infinitive Strong's #3722
BDB #497
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of, on
account of
preposition of relative
proximity; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
shâlach (ùÈìÇç)
[pronounced shaw-
LAKH]
to send, to send off, to send away,
to dismiss, to give over, to cast out,
to let go, to set free, to shoot forth
[branches], to shoot [an arrow]
Piel infinitive Strong’s #7971
BDB #1018
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
him, it; he; untranslated mark of a
direct object; occasionally to him,
toward him
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
Leviticus Chapter 16 60
Leviticus 16:10
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
)ãzâ’zel (òÂæÈàæÅì)
[pronounced az-aw-
ZALE]
escape, entire removal; scapegoat,
goat of removal (escape, departure,
that he will set free); transliterated,
Azazel, who is possibly a desert
demon?
masculine singular
noun; some say a
proper noun
Strong’s #5799
BDB #736
midebâr (îÄãÀáÈø)
[pronounced mide-
BAWR]
into the wilderness, toward the
unpopulated wilderness, toward the
desert wilderness; into the mouth
masculine singular
noun with directional
hê; with the definite
article
Strong’s #4057
BDB #184
Translation: But for the goat upon which [fell] the lot for escape, he will be presented alive before Yehowah to
atone for him, [and he will] set it free to escape into the desert-wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The other goat is set free, to escape into the desert-wilderness. This second goat represents the resurrection and
ascension of our Lord, after offering Himself as our sacrifice.
Leviticus 16:10 But for the goat upon which [fell] the lot for escape, he will be presented alive before Yehowah to
atone for him, [and he will] set it free to escape into the desert-wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
So there is no confusion in these brief references, the goat is undeniably identified with the scapegoat here (some
translations transliterate this word so that it sounds like someone's name). Jesus Christ is presented alive before
God the Father when the sins of the world are poured upon Him. Author's of books on systematic theology (such
as Chafer or Hodge) spend hundreds of pages on soteriology (the doctrine of salvation), so it only stands to
reason that the various aspects of salvation would be dealt with in great detail in the Old Testament, albeit in
shadow form.
Leviticus 16:7–10 Then [Aaron] will take a pair of the he-goats to present them before Yehowah [at] the opening
of the Tent of Meeting. And Aaron has placed lots on both shaggy (goats): a lot of the one for Yehowah and a lot
for the one for an escape. Then Aaron brings near the goat which has gone up on the lot to Yehowah, and [Aaron]
made it a sin-offering. But for the goat upon which [fell] the lot for escape, he will be presented alive before
Yehowah to atone for him, [and he will] set it free to escape into the desert-wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
Leviticus 16:7–10 Aaron will them take two goats and present them before Jehovah at the opening of the Tent
of Meeting. Aaron will cast lots on behalf of both goats: the lot upon one of them will dedicate it to Yehowah; and
the lot on the other one will be its escape. Aaron then brings near to the Tent the goat dedicated to Jehovah, and
he presents it as a sin-offering before God. However, the other goat will be presented alive before Jehovah, and
then it will be set free in the desert-wilderness. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
Vv. 11–14 belong together, but it is a long passage. Most translations, but not all, put a period at the end of v. 12.
Because the continuation from v. 12 to v. 13 does not strike me as fundamental, I will have one example with all
four verses below and with the passage which follows (vv. 13–14).
61 The Book of Leviticus
And brings near, Aaron, a young bull of the
sin-offering which [is] for him and he has
covered over for him and for his house. He
has slaughtered a young bull of the sin-
offering which [is] for him. And he has taken
a fullness of the fire pan [with] coals of fire
from upon the altar from with faces of
Yehowah. And a fullness of his hands, an
incense of sweet spices, fine, and he has
taken from within to the veil.
Leviticus
16:11–12
Aaron brings near the young bull of the sin-
offering which [is] for him and he has atoned
for himself and for his house. He has
slaughtered the young bull of the sin-offering
which [is] for him. And he has taken a full fire
pan [of] coals of fire from upon the altar from
the presence of Yehowah. Also a fullness of
his hands [is] an incense of sweet spices,
finely ground up; and he has taken [them all]
within the veil.
Aaron brings near the young bull for the sin-offering, which offering is for him and it will also atone for
his house. He will slaughter the young bull, the sin-offering, which [is] specifically for him. The bull is
placed upon the altar and then Aaron will take a fire pan and fill it with coals from the fire on the altar. All
of this is done in the presence of Jehovah. Also, Aaron will take two handfuls of incense, ground up and
made from several spices. He will take all of this behind the veil of the Tabernacle.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And brings near, Aaron, a young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him and he
has covered over for him and for his house. He has slaughtered a young bull of the
sin-offering which [is] for him. And he has taken a fullness of the fire pan [with]
coals of fire from upon the altar from with faces of Yehowah. And a fullness of his
hands, an incense of sweet spices, fine, and he has taken from within to the veil.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) After these things are duly celebrated, he shall offer the calf: and praying for himself
and for his own house, he shall immolate it.
And taking the censer, which he hath filled with the burning coals of the altar, and
taking up with his hands the compounded perfume for incense, he shall go in within
the veil into the holy place:...
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "Aaron shall present the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make
atonement for himself and for his house, and shall kill the bull of the sin offering
which is for himself.
He shall take a censer full of coals of fire from off the altar before Mar-Yah, and two
handfuls of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the veil:...
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And Aaron shall bring the calf for his sin, and he shall make atonement for himself
and for his house, and he shall kill the calf for his sin-offering.
And he shall take his censer full of coals of fire off the altar, which is before the
Lord; and he shall fill his hands with fine compound incense, and shall bring it inside
the veil.
Leviticus Chapter 16 62
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And Aaron is to give the ox of the sin-offering for himself and take away sin from
himself and his house, and put to death the ox of the sin-offering which is for
himself.
And he is to take a vessel full of burning coal from the altar before the Lord and in
his hand some sweet perfume crushed small, and take it inside the veil;...
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "Then Aaron will offer the bull as a sin offering for himself. He will purify himself and
his family. He will kill the bull for the sin offering for himself. Then he will take a
firepan full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD. Aaron will take two
handfuls of sweet incense that has been ground into powder and take it into the
room behind the curtain.
God’s Word™"Aaron will bring the bull. He will then slaughter it as his own offering for sin. By
doing this he will make peace with the LORD for himself and his family. He will take
an incense burner full of burning coals from the altar, which is in the LORD'S
presence, and two handfuls of finely ground, sweet-smelling incense. He will bring
them up to the canopy.
Good News Bible (TEV) When Aaron sacrifices the bull as the sin offering for himself and his family, he shall
take a fire pan full of burning coals from the altar and two handfuls of fine incense
and bring them into the Most Holy Place.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. You must offer the bull as a sacrifice to ask forgiveness for your own sins and for
the sins of your family. Then you will take a fire pan of live coals from the bronze
altar, together with two handfuls of finely ground incense, into the most holy place.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified Then Aaron must bring the young bull to me, for it to be an offering for himself and
for his family. He must slaughter that bull to be an offering for their sins, and he
must drain the blood into a basin. Then he must take some burning coals from the
bronze altar and put them into the incense burner. Then he must fill his hands with
fragrant, finely ground incense. Then he must take the incense and the incense
burner inside the curtain into the very holy place, in the sacred tent.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
63 The Book of Leviticus
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is his own, and
shall make a covering for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the
sin offering which is his own;
And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before
the face of Jehovah, and his hands full of restful incense beaten small, and bring
it within the veil;...
International Standard V The Sin Offering
“Aaron is then to bring the bull for a sin offering for him, thus making atonement for
himself and his household. He is to slaughter the ox for himself. Then he is to take
a censer, fill it with coals from the fire on the altar in the Lord’s presence. With his
hands full of spiced and refined incense, he is to bring it beyond the curtain.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version And Aaron will bring the young bull of the Sin-Offering, that is for himself and will
make Propitiatory- Covering for himself and for his house, and will slaughter the
young bull of the Sin-Offering that is for himself. He will take a fire-holder full of
burning coals of fire from off the Altar before YHWH, and his hands full of thin spicy
incense, and will enter the veiled House.
Wikipedia Bible Project And Aaron will sacrifice the sinstuff bull which he has, and atoned for himself, and
for his household, and he slaughtered the sinstuff bull, which is for himself. And he
took a pan's worth of fire-embers from above the altar, from before yahweh, and his
hand's fill of fine-ground fragrant incense, and he brought it under the curtain.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) Aaron will then bring the bullock as a sin offering for himself to make atonement for
himself and his household and he shall slaughter the bullock for the sin offering
which is for himself. Then he shall take a censer full of coals from the fire above the
altar before Yahweh and two handfuls of powdered, fragrant incense and take them
inside the veil.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And Aharon shall bring the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make
atonement for himself and for his house, and shall slay the bull as the sin offering
which is for himself, and shall take a fire holder filled with burning coals of fire from
Leviticus Chapter 16 64
the slaughter-place before éäåä, with his hands filled with sweet incense beaten fine,
and shall bring it inside the veil.
Tree of Life Version Also Aaron is to present the bull of the sin offering which is for himself and so make
atonement for himself and his house. He is to slaughter the bull of the sin offering
which is for himself.
He is to take a firepan full of coals of fire from off the altar before Adonai plus two
handfuls of sweet powdered incense and bring it within the curtain.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND AARON SHALL BRING THE CALF FOR HIS SIN, AND HE SHALL MAKE
ATONEMENT FOR HIMSELF AND FOR HIS HOUSE, AND HE SHALL KILL THE
CALF FOR HIS SIN-OFFERING.
AND HE SHALL TAKE HIS CENSER FULL OF COALS OF FIRE OFF THE ALTAR,
WHICH IS BEFORE JESUS; AND HE SHALL FILL HIS HANDS WITH FINE
COMPOUND INCENSE, AND SHALL BRING IT WITHIN THE VEIL.
Awful Scroll Bible Aaron is to have brought near the young bull, for the miss of the mark, and is to
have made a covering over for himself and his house, even is he to have
slaughtered the young bull, for the miss of the mark.
He is to have taken a fire pan full of fire coals, of the fire on the altar, turned before
Sustains To Become and a handful full of fragrant incense, made into powder, and
is to have brought them within the veil.
Concordant Literal Version Aaron will bring near the young bull of the sin offering which is for him, and make
a propitiatory shelter about himself and about his house. He will slay the young bull
of the sin offering which is for himself.
Then he will take a full fire-pan of embers of fire off the altar from before Yahweh
and both his hands full of thin incense spices and bring it inside the curtain;...
exeGeses companion Bible And Aharon oblates the bullock for the sin
which is for himself;
and kapars/atones for himself and for his house
and slaughters the bullock for the sin
which is for himself:
and he takes a tray full of burning coals of fire
from off the sacrifice altar at the face of Yah Veh
and his fists full of incense of aromatics beaten thin
and brings it to the housing of the veil:...
Orthodox Jewish Bible And Aharon shall bring the bull of the chattat, which is for himself, and shall make
kapporah for himself, and for his bais, and shall slaughter (shachat) the bull of the
chattat which is for himself;
And he shall take a machtah (censer) full of burning coals of eish from off the
Mizbe'ach before Hashem, and his hands full of ketoret, ground and fragrant, and
bring it within the Parochet (Curtain);...
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And Aaron shall present the sin offering’s bull, which is for himself, and so he shall
make atonement for himself and for his family; then [Or “and”] he shall slaughter the
sin offering’s bull, which is for himself. And he shall take a [Hebrew “the”] censer full
of burning charcoal [Literally “burning charcoal of fire”] from upon the altar from before
[Literally “to the faces of”] Yahweh and two handfuls [Literally “the fullness of the hollow of his
65 The Book of Leviticus
hands”] of incense of powdered fragrant perfumes, and he shall bring it from behind
[Literally “from the interior/inside of”] the curtain,...
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation Aaron shall present his sin offering bull, and make atonement for himself and his
fellow [priests]. He shall then slaughter his bull as a sin offering.
He shall take a fire pan full of burning coals from [the side of] the altar that is toward
God, along with a double handful of finely pulverized perfume incense, and bring
[them both] into the [inner sanctuary] beyond the cloth partition.
fire pan
See Exodus 27:3.
side of
The west side (Sifra; Rashi).
altar
The sacrificial altar (Yoma 45b; Rashi).
double handful
With both hands together. See Exodus 9:8.
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT Then Aaron shall bring forward the young bull for his own sin offering, to make
atonement for himself and his household, and shall slay the young bull for his sin
offering; and he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar, which is before
the Lord, and he shall fill his hands with the compound incense, beaten fine, and
carry it within the veil;...
Context Group Version And Aaron shall present the bull of the purification-offering, which is for himself, and
shall make atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bull of the
purification-offering which is for himself: and he shall take a censer full of coals of
fire from off the altar before YHWH, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten
small, and bring it inside the veil:...
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version And Aaron has brought the bullock of the sin-offering near, which is his own, and
has made atonement for himself and for his house, and has slaughtered the bullock
of the sin-offering which [is] his own,
and has taken the fullness of the censer of burning coals of fire from off the altar,
from before YHWH, and the fullness of his hands of thin spice-incense, and has
brought [it] within the veil;
and he has put the incense on the fire before YHWH, and the cloud of the incense
has covered the propitiatory covering which [is] on the Testimony, and he does not
die.
Leviticus Chapter 16 66
And he has taken of the blood of the bullock, and has sprinkled with his finger on
the front of the propitiatory covering eastward; even at the front of the propitiatory
covering he sprinkles seven times of the blood with his finger. Vv. 13–14 are
included for context..
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And Aaron will present the bull of the sin-offering, which is for himself and will make
atonement for himself and for his house and will kill the bull of the sin-offering which
is for himself. And he will take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before
Jehovah and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small and bring it within the
veil.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and Aharon will bring near the bull of the failure which is for himself, and he will
make a covering on behalf of himself and on behalf of his house, and he will slay
the bull of the failure which is for himself, and he will take the filling of the fire pan,
the embers of the fire, from upon the altar from before the face of YHWH, and a
filling of his cupped hand, incense smoke of scrawny aromatic spices, and he will
bring inside to the tent curtain,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
11-12
Leviticus 16:11
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
qârab (÷ÈøÇá) [pronounced
kaw-RABV]
to cause to approach, to bring
[draw] near, to bring, to offer; to
bring together; to cause to
withdraw, to remove
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong #7126
BDB #897
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
67 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:11
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #1004
BDB #108
Much of this is v. 6.
shâchaþ (ùÈçÇè)
[pronounced shaw-
KHAT]
to slaughter [animals], to
ceremonially sacrifice, to kill [with a
sacrificial knife]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #7819
and 7820 BDB
#1006
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
Leviticus Chapter 16 68
Leviticus 16:11
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
Translation: Aaron brings near the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him and he has atoned for himself
and for his house. He has slaughtered the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him.
Next we need to examine the preposition ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced BAH-ìad], which we have looked at before; it
connotes separation and is translated from, behind, about, away from; however, it can also mean through (as in
through a window) and on behalf of, as we find it used here. Strong's #1157 BDB #126.
Scofield's notes are well worth mentioning here. The sacrificial types which foreshadow the death of our Lord all
have these four necessary elements (I am paraphrasing): (1) The sacrifices are substitutionary; the offering takes
the place of the offerer in death; (2) God's law is not abrogated nor is it sidestepped or ignored; the sacrificial
death was a fulfillment of the sentence of the law; (3) an analogy to sinlessness must be emphasized with every
sacrifice, whether it be a lamb without spot or blemish, or the cleansing of the high priest; (4) the result of the
sacrifice was both forgiveness and fellowship20.
Leviticus 16:11 Aaron brings near the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him and he has atoned for
himself and for his house. He has slaughtered the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Aaron will take a young bull as a sin-offering. He will slaughter this bull and offer it up. This is necessary for him
to do for himself, but this also atones for his entire house. Recall that two of Aaron’s sons did not take their
responsibilities seriously enough, and God destroyed them for bringing strange incense to Him.
This offering would provide atonement (a covering) for Aaron’s entire house.
Leviticus 16:12
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
20 Scofield's Reference Bible, p. 148.
69 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:12
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâqach (ìÈ÷Çç)
[pronounced law-
KAHKH]
to take, to take away, to take in
marriage; to seize
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3947
BDB #542
melô( (îÀìÉà) [pronounced
melow]
fulness, that which fills, that which is
full; multitude, crowd [i.e., those
which fill a city]
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #4393
BDB #571
Also spelled melôw( (îÀìåÉà) and melôw (îÀìåÉ).
machetâh (îÇçÀúÈÌä)
[pronounced mahkh-
TAW]
a fire holder, fire pan, a tray, a
censer, a snuff-dish
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4289
BDB #367
gechel (âÌÆçÆì)
[pronounced GHE-kehl]
coal, burning coal; fiery (or, hot)
coals, embers
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1513
BDB #160
(esh (àÆù) [pronounced
aysh]
fire, lightning, supernatural fire;
presence of Yehowah, the
attendance of a theophany
feminine singular noun Strong's #784
BDB #77
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, away from, out from, out of
from, off, on account of, since,
above, than, so that not, beyond,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5920,
#5921 BDB #752
Together, these prepositions are mê)al (îÅòÇì) [pronounced may-ÌAHL]. Together, they mean from upon, from
over, from by, from beside, from attachment to, from companionship with, from accompanying [in a protective
manner], from adhesion to, from. Some translators rendered this away from. Some translate this from above,
above in Gen. 49:25.
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, away from, out from, out of
from, off, on account of, since,
above, than, so that not, beyond,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]
to, for, towards, in regards to, with
reference to, as to, with regards to,
belonging to
directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, the two prepositions and pânîym mean from before, from the presence of, from a position before a
person or object, from before a place. However, this also expresses source or cause, and is also rendered
because of, on account of. Literally, this is from to faces of...
Leviticus Chapter 16 70
Leviticus 16:12
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
melô( (îÀìÉà) [pronounced
melow]
fulness, that which fills, that which is
full; multitude, crowd [i.e., those
which fill a city]
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #4393
BDB #571
chôphen (çÉôÆï)
[pronounced KHOH-
fehn]
fists, hands, hollow of the hand;
handfuls
masculine dual noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #2651
BDB #342
qeþôreth (÷ÀèÉøÆú)
[pronounced keht-OH-
reth]
incense, smoke (or, odor) [from a
burning sacrifice]
feminine singular
construct
Strong's 7004
BDB #882
çam (ñÇí) [pronounced
sahm]
a spice used in incense; a smell
sweet, an aroma; a sweet (spice) masculine plural noun Strong’s #5561
BDB #702
Does the plural suggest a multiplicity of spices?
daq (ãÌÇ÷) [pronounced
dahk]thin, small, fine; gaunt feminine singular
adjective
Strong’s #1851
BDB #201
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to take in, to bring [near, against,
upon], to come in with, to carry, to
cause to come [in], to gather, to
bring to pass
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #1004
BDB #108
These two together perhaps mean within, from within.
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]
to, for, towards, in regards to, with
reference to, as to, with regards to,
belonging to
directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pôreketh (ôÉÌøÆëÆú)
[pronounced poh-REH-
keith]
curtain, veil feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #6532
BDB #827
71 The Book of Leviticus
Translation: And he has taken a full fire pan [of] coals of fire from upon the altar from the presence of Yehowah.
Also a fullness of his hands [is] an incense of sweet spices, finely ground up; and he has taken [them all] within
the veil. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Aaron is also to gather up a pan of coals from this fire (the fire where the bull was offered) and he also gets a large
amount of incense. Since he is taking two handfuls of finely ground incense, I would imagine that Aaron used
some sort of a pan or bowl to carry the incense. The incense would be in one hand and the fire pan in the other.
Now, normally, when going behind the veil, only blood is taken back there. It appears that Aaron is taking hot
coals and incense.
The hot coals represent the judgment of God (Aaron’s two oldest sons were judged and executed by God); and
the incense represents a sweet smell which will go up to God and quell His anger (this is an anthropopathism).
Leviticus 16:12 And he has taken a full fire pan [of] coals of fire from upon the altar from the presence of
Yehowah. Also a fullness of his hands [is] an incense of sweet spices, finely ground up; and he has taken [them
all] within the veil. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Now we are speaking of entering into the holy of holies. There cannot be a mistake in this procedure. It is the
Holy of Holies which speaks most convincingly of Jesus Christ and man's absolute need for salvation.
Leviticus 16:11–12 Aaron brings near the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him and he has atoned for
himself and for his house. He has slaughtered the young bull of the sin-offering which [is] for him. And he has
taken a full fire pan [of] coals of fire from upon the altar from the presence of Yehowah. Also a fullness of his
hands [is] an incense of sweet spices, finely ground up; and he has taken [them all] within the veil. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Leviticus 16:11–12 Aaron brings near the young bull for the sin-offering, which offering is for him and it will also
atone for his house. He will slaughter the young bull, the sin-offering, which [is] specifically for him. The bull is
placed upon the altar and then Aaron will take a fire pan and fill it with coals from the fire on the altar. All of this
is done in the presence of Jehovah. Also, Aaron will take two handfuls of incense, ground up and made from
several spices. He will take all of this behind the veil of the Tabernacle. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
And he has put the incense upon the fire to
faces of Yehowah and has covered a cloud of
incense the cover which [is] upon the
Testimony and he will not die. And he has
taken from blood of the bull and he has
sprinkled with his finger upon faces of the
cover eastward. And to faces of the cover,
he will sprinkle seven times from blood with
his finger.
Leviticus
16:13–14
He has put the incense upon the fire before
Yehowah and he has covered the Mercy Seat
which [is] upon the [Ark of] Testimony [with] a
cloud of incense [smoke]. Therefore, he will
not die. Then he has taken from [the] blood of
the bull and he has sprinkled [this blood] with
his finger in front of the Mercy Seat eastward.
And before the Mercy Seat, he will sprinkle
with his finger some of the blood seven times.
While in the Holy of Holies, Aaron will put the incense on top of his fire pan (which is filled with hot coals)
before Jehovah. By doing this, he will covered the Mercy Seat, which is on top of the Ark of Testimony,
with a cloud of incense smoke. As a result of this ritual, he will not die. Then he will take some of the
blood of the bull and he will sprinkle this blood with his finger in front of the Mercy Seat facing eastward.
And standing before the Mercy Seat, Aaron will sprinkle with his finger seven times, using the blood he
collected.
Leviticus Chapter 16 72
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And he has put the incense upon the fire to faces of Yehowah and has covered a
cloud of incense the cover which [is] upon the Testimony and he will not die. And
he has taken from blood of the bull and he has sprinkled with his finger upon faces
of the cover eastward. And to faces of the cover, he will sprinkle seven times from
blood with his finger.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) That when the perfumes are put upon the fire, the cloud and vapour thereof may
cover the oracle, which is over the testimony, and he may not die.
He shall take also of the blood of the calf, and sprinkle with his finger seven times
towards the propitiatory to the east.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta ...and he shall put the incense on the fire before Mar-Yah, that the cloud of the
incense may cover the mercy seat that is on the testimony, so that he will not die.
He shall take some of the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on the
mercy seat on the east; and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the
blood with his finger seven times.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the smoke of the
incense shall cover the mercy seat over the tables of testimony, and he shall not
die.
And he shall take of the blood of the calf, and sprinkle with his finger on the mercy
seat eastward: before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle seven times of the blood with
his finger.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And let him put the perfume on the fire before the Lord so that the ark may be
covered with a cloud of the smoke of the perfume, in order that death may not
overtake him.
And let him take some of the blood of the ox, shaking drops of it from his finger on
the cover of the ark on the east side, and before it, seven times.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 He will put the incense on the fire before the LORD. Then the cloud of incense will
hide the mercy-cover that is over the Box that holds the Agreement. This way Aaron
will not die. Aaron will dip his finger into the bull's blood and sprinkle it on the front
of the Holy Box. Then he will sprinkle the blood seven times onto the front of the
mercy-cover.
73 The Book of Leviticus
God’s Word™Then he will put the incense on the fire in the LORD'S presence. The cloud of
incense will cover the throne of mercy, which is over the words of God's promise,
so that he will not die.
He will take some of the bull's blood and sprinkle it with his finger on the east side
of the throne of mercy. Then he will sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven
times in front of the throne of mercy.
Good News Bible (TEV) There in the LORD's presence he shall put the incense on the fire, and the smoke
of the incense will hide the lid of the Covenant Box so that he will not see it and die.
He shall take some of the bull's blood and with his finger sprinkle it on the front of
the lid and then sprinkle some of it seven times in front of the Covenant Box.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. There you will present them to me by placing the incense on the coals, so that the
place of mercy will be covered with a cloud of smoke. Do this, or you will die right
there! Next, use a finger to sprinkle some of the blood on the place of mercy, which
is on the lid of the sacred chest; then sprinkle blood seven times in front of the
chest.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified In the presence of Yahweh, he must put the incense on the burning coals. And a
cloud of burning incense will rise up over the lid of the sacred chest. If he obeys
these instructions, he will not die when he presents these offerings to Yahweh.
Then Aaron must dip his finger into the basin and sprinkle some blood on the lid of
the sacred chest, and also sprinkle some blood seven times against the front of the
chest.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And he shall put the incense on the fire before the face of Jehovah, so that
the cloud of the incense shall cover the mercy seat that is on the testimony, and he
shall not die;
Leviticus Chapter 16 74
And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger
upon the face of the mercy seat eastward, and on the face of the mercy seat he
shall sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times.
International Standard V “Then he is to place the incense over the fire in the Lord’s presence, ensuring that
the smoke [Lit. cloud] from the incense covers the atonement place, according to
regulation, so he won’t die. He is to take blood from the ox and spatter it with his
forefinger toward the surface of the atonement place. Then he is to spatter the
blood on the surface of the atonement place with his forefinger seven times.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version Then he will put the incense upon the supernatural fire before YHWH, that the cloud
of the incense may conceal the Covering-Lid that is on the Testimony so that he
does not die. And he will take of the blood of the young bull and sprinkle it with his
finger on the Covering- Lid eastward, and in front of the Covering-Lid he will sprinkle
of the blood with his finger 7 times.
Wikipedia Bible Project And he put the incense on the fire before Yahweh, and the cloud of incense covered
the curtain which is on the testimony, and he will not die.
And he took from the blood of the bull, and he dripped with his finger on the face of
the curtain forward, before the curtain he will drip seven times from the blood in his
finger.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) He shall put the incense on the fire before Yahweh and the cloud of incense will
cover the mercy Seat that is on the Ark of the Covenant, so that he will not die. He
will take the blood of the bullock and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy Seat to
the east and also in front of the mercy Seat he shall sprinkle blood seven times.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And he shall put the incense on the fire before éäåä, and the cloud of incense shall
cover the lid of atonement which is on the Witness, lest he die.
“And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the
lid of atonement on the east side, also in front of the lid of atonement he sprinkles
some of the blood with his finger seven times.
Tree of Life Version .
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND HE SHALL PUT THE INCENSE ON THE FIRE BEFORE JESUS, AND THE
SMOKE OF THE INCENSE SHALL COVER THE SEAT OF RECONCILIATION
OVER THE TABLES OF TESTIMONY, AND HE SHALL NOT DIE.
75 The Book of Leviticus
AND HE SHALL TAKE OF THE BLOOD OF THE CALF, AND SPRINKLE WITH
HIS FINGER ON THE MERCY-SEAT EASTWARD: BEFORE THE SEAT OF
RECONCILIATION SHALL HE SPRINKLE SEVEN TIMES OF THE BLOOD WITH
HIS FINGER.
Awful Scroll Bible He is to have put the incense on the fire, turned before Sustains To Become and
the cloud mass from the incense, is to have covered over the cover on the
testimony - was he to die?
He is to have taken of the blood of the young bull, and is to have sprung it with his
finger, on the cover, eastward turned toward the cover, even is he to have sprung
the blood seven times with his finger.
Concordant Literal Version ...he will put the incense on the fire before Yahweh, and the cloud of incense will
cover the propitiatory shelter which is on the testimony, so that he may not die.
He will take some of the blood of the young bull and spatter it with his finger on the
face of the propitiatory shelter eastward, and before the propitiatory shelter shall he
spatter some of the blood seven times with his finger.
exeGeses companion Bible ...and he gives the incense on the fire
at the face of Yah Veh,
so that the cloud of the incense
covers the kapporeth on the witness
that he not die:
and he takes of the blood of the bullock
and with his finger,
sprinkles it on the face of the kapporeth eastward;
and with his finger he sprinkles of the blood
on the face of the kapporeth seven times:...
Orthodox Jewish Bible And he shall put the ketoret upon the eish before Hashem, that the anan of the
ketoret may cover the Kapporet that is upon the Edut, that he die not;
And he shall take of the dahm of the bull, and sprinkle it with his forefinger upon the
eastern front of the Kapporet; and before the Kapporet yazzeh (he shall sprinkle
[see Isaiah 52:15 for Moshiach’s world-wide sprinkling]) of the dahm with his
forefinger seven times.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible ...and he shall put the incense on the fire before [Literally “to the faces of”] Yahweh so
that the cloud of incense might cover the atonement cover, which is on the
covenant text, [Literally “testimony”] so that he might not die. And he shall take some
of [Literally “from”] the bull’s blood, and he shall spatter it [The direct object is supplied from
context in the English translation] with his finger on the atonement cover’s surface on the
eastern side , and before [Literally “to the faces of”] the atonement cover he shall spatter
some of [Literally “from”] the blood with his finger seven times.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation There, before God, he shall place the incense on the fire, so that the smoke from
the incense covers the ark cover over the [tablets of] testimony. Then he will not die.
Leviticus Chapter 16 76
He shall take some of the bull's blood, and, with his forefinger, sprinkle it [once]
above the east side of the ark cover. He shall [then] sprinkle with his forefinger
seven times [directly] toward the ark cover.
once
(Rashi).
east side
Since the Holy of Holies was to the west of the Tabernacle, the priest would
be facing the east side of the ark.
ark cover
The 'atonement device' (kapporeth); see Exodus 25:17. (Abarbanel;
HaKethav VeHaKabbalah).
He shall then...
Thus, he would sprinkle once upward and seven times downward (Sifra;
Rashi). He would thus count 'one, one and one, one and two ...' until 'one and
seven' (Yoma 53b). He would not actually sprinkle the blood upward or
downward, but lift his hand and sprinkle with the downward motion (Arukh,
s.v. Matzlif). Others say that there was no sharp division between the 'upper
blood' and the 'lower,' but the priest would begin sprinkling upward, and
gradually sprinkle lower (Rashi, Yoma 55a). See Yoma 53b; Yad, Avodath
Yom HaKippurim 3:5).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. So Aaron shall bring near the sin-bearing bullock which is for himself, and shall put
a propitiatory-covering about himself6 and about his household,—and shall slay the
sin-bearing bullock which is for himself;
and shall take the censer-full of burning coals of fire from off the altar6 from before
Yahweh, and his hands full of fragrant incense6 beaten small,—and bring within the
veil; and shall put the incense upon the fire6 before Yahweh,—and the cloud of
incense shall cover the propitiatory which is over the testimony6 and he shall not
die.h
Then shall he take of the blood of the bullock, and shall sprinkle with his finger upon
the face of the propitiatory6 eastwards,—and <before the propitiatory> shall he
sprinkle seven times6 of the blood6 with his finger. This is vv. 11–14, which
represents this entire passage.
h Cp. Exo. xxviii. 35.
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT ...and he shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord; and the smoke of this
incense shall cover the propitiatory which is on the testimonies, and he shall not die.
Then he shall take some of the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on
the propitiatory, on the east side. In front of the propitiatory he shall sprinkle some
of the blood seven times with his finger.
Context Group Version ...and he shall put the incense on the fire before YHWH, that the cloud of the
incense may cover the generosity-seat that is on the testimony, that he will not die:
and he shall take of the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on the
generosity-seat on the east; and before the generosity-seat he shall sprinkle of the
blood with his finger seven times.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
77 The Book of Leviticus
Literal Standard Version .
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And he will put the incense upon the fire before Jehovah, that the cloud of the
incense may cover the mercy-seat that is upon the testimony, that he does not die.
And he will take of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger upon the
mercy-seat on the east. And he will sprinkle with his finger of the blood seven times
before the mercy-seat.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and he will place the incense smoke upon the fire to the face of YHWH, and the
cloud of incense smoke will cover over the lid which is upon the evidence, and he
will not die, and he will take from the blood of the bull, and he will spatter with his
finger upon the east face of the lid, and to the face of the lid he will spatter seven
times from the blood with his finger,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness And he shall put the incense on the fire before Jehovah, that the cloud of incense
may cover the mercy seat that is on the Testimony, that he not die. And he shall
take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat
on the east side; and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with
his finger seven times.
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
13-14
Leviticus 16:13
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâthan (ðÈúÇï) [pronounced
naw-THAHN]
to give, to grant, to place, to put, to
set; to make
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5414
BDB #678
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
qeþôreth (÷ÀèÉøÆú)
[pronounced keht-OH-
reth]
incense, smoke (or, odor) [from a
burning sacrifice]
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's 7004
BDB #882
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5920,
#5921 BDB #752
(esh (àÆù) [pronounced
aysh]
fire, lightning, supernatural fire;
presence of Yehowah, the
attendance of a theophany
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #784
BDB #77
Leviticus Chapter 16 78
Leviticus 16:13
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâçâh (ëÌÈñÈä) [pronounced
kaw-SAWH]
to cover, to clothe, to conceal; to
spread over, to engulf; to
overwhelm
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong’s #3680
BDB #491
)ânân (òÈðÈï) [pronounced
ìaw-NAWN]
cloud (as a veiling over or covering
of heaven)
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6051
BDB #777
qeþôreth (÷ÀèÉøÆú)
[pronounced keht-OH-
reth]
incense, smoke (or, odor) [from a
burning sacrifice]
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's 7004
BDB #882
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only in
the Bible for the mercy seat of the
ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5920,
#5921 BDB #752
)êdûwth (òÅãåÌú)
[pronounced ìay-
DOOTH]
a precept, law, revelation,
testimony
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #5715
BDB #730
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
79 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:13
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lô( (ìÉà or ìåÉà)
[pronounced low]not, no
negates the word or
action that follows; the
absolute negation
Strong’s #3808
BDB #518
This is translated as lest by some translators in Leviticus 15:31 16:13.
mûwth (îåÌú)
[pronounced mooth]
to die; to perish, to be destroyed; to
be put to death; to die prematurely
[by neglect of wise moral conduct]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #4191
BDB #559
Translation: He has put the incense upon the fire before Yehowah and he has covered the Mercy Seat which [is]
upon the [Ark of] Testimony [with] a cloud of incense [smoke]. Therefore, he will not die.
Aaron has incense in one hand (possibly in a container), and a fire pan filled with coals in the other. He takes this
all into the Holy of Holies, stands before the Ark of God, which has the Mercy Seat over it, and he dumps the
incense into the fire pan of coals. This produces a massive amount of smoke which covers over the cover of the
Ark.
There is a ton of symbology to be found here. The Ark of God, called the Testimony here (short of Ark of
Testimony) is an acacia wood box overlaid with gold. This is a shadow of our Lord, the wood representing His
humanity and the gold His Deity. On top of the Ark is a gold lid or covering, upon which stand two angels, also
carved from gold. One represents the elect angels and the other, the fallen angels, and all of them watch the
events of history take place—particularly they watch the Lord and His being offered on the cross for our sins.
The incense smoke covering the Mercy Seat represents the atonement for our sins. How do we know this? The
verb covering actually means atonement. Although the smoke covers over the altar, it will rise up, and the sweet-
smelling smoke coming up to God represents that appeasement of God. That is, God is propitiated. Now, God
is actually propitiated by the spiritual death of our Lord for our sins, so all that takes place here is symbolic of that.
See the Doctrine of Propitiation (by R. B. Thieme, Jr.), which is placed in the Addendum.
Leviticus 16:13 He has put the incense upon the fire before Yehowah and he has covered the Mercy Seat which
[is] upon the [Ark of] Testimony [with] a cloud of incense [smoke]. Therefore, he will not die. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
The incense and the mercy seat both speak of propitiation to God; that is, God is satisfied with the sacrifice of
Jesus Christ; it is sufficient to allow fellowship between man and God. In the spiritual life, Thieme often
emphasized that strictly adhered to precise procedure, was the order of the day. Here is Yehowah speaking
directly to Moses telling him that this is exactly the way that this must be done to prevent Aaron dying the sin unto
death. Upon the ark of the covenant was the glory of God, which few if any could behold without dying (the clean
cannot come into contact with the unclean). The smoke would obscure some of the glory of God.
Leviticus 16:14
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
Leviticus Chapter 16 80
Leviticus 16:14
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâqach (ìÈ÷Çç)
[pronounced law-
KAHKH]
to take, to take away, to take in
marriage; to seize
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3947
BDB #542
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâzâh (ðÈæÈä) [pronounced
naw-ZAW]
to cause to spurt, to make spatter, to
make sprinkle
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong’s #5137
BDB #633
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
(etseba) (àÆöÀáÌÇò)
[pronounced etze-BAHÌ]
finger, forefinger, finger used for
dipping; toe
feminine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #676
BDB #840
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, )âl and pânîym mean upon the face of, towards the face of, facing, in front of, before (as in preference
to), in addition to, overlooking; before; east of; on [upon, over] the surface of; above; besides; over-against.
Literally, they would be translated upon faces of.
Here, mostly we are looking at being in opposition to; being against. These meanings come from the context
and the meaning of the preposition; they were not taken out of Gesenius.
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only in
the Bible for the mercy seat of the
ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
81 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:14
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
qêdem (÷ÆãÆí)
[pronounced KAY-dem]
east, antiquity, front, that which is
before, aforetime; in front, mount of
the East; ancient time, aforetime,
ancient, from of old, earliest time;
anciently, of old ; beginning, a
commencement; eastward, to or
toward the east
noun/adverb Strong’s #6924
BDB #869 & #870
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only in
the Bible for the mercy seat of the
ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
nâzâh (ðÈæÈä) [pronounced
naw-ZAW]
to cause to spurt, to make spatter, to
make sprinkle
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil
imperfect
Strong’s #5137
BDB #633
sheba) (ùÆáÇò)
[pronounced sheb-
VAHÌ]
seven numeral masculine
construct
Strong's #7651
BDB #987 & #988
Bible Hub has this is a feminine singular noun; but it is actually a masculine singular construct.
pe)âmîym (ôÌÀòÈîÄéí)
[pronounced peh-ìaw-
MEEM]
times, beats, feet, occurrences,
steps; the connotation is the
passage of time
feminine plural noun Strong’s #6471
BDB #821
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
Leviticus Chapter 16 82
Leviticus 16:14
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(etseba) (àÆöÀáÌÇò)
[pronounced etze-BAHÌ]
finger, forefinger, finger used for
dipping; toe
feminine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #676
BDB #840
Translation: Then he has taken from [the] blood of the bull and he has sprinkled [this blood] with his finger in
front of the Mercy Seat eastward. And before the Mercy Seat, he will sprinkle with his finger some of the blood
seven times. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The sacrificed bull represents Jesus dying for our sins. The bull’s blood represents the Blood of Christ, which is
not literal but symbolic of His spiritual death for our sins.
The Tabernacle of Moses (a graphic) from A History of Israel; accessed June 17, 2024.
83 The Book of Leviticus
When Aaron is facing east, he is looking toward the entry to the Tent of Meeting, and behind that is the Brazen
Altar, and behind that is the tribe of Judah. The entry into the Tabernacle represents entering into the plan of God
(which is by faith in Jesus Christ). The Bronze Altar is where the animal sacrifices are offered—all of them
representing Jesus Christ dying for our sins. Jesus, in His humanity, will come from the tribe of Judah.
The Ark of God must either be in the midst of the Holy of Holies (which is the back section of the Tabernacle); or
against the Veil in order for Aaron to face eastward.
Leviticus 16:14 Then he has taken from [the] blood of the bull and he has sprinkled [this blood] with his finger in
front of the Mercy Seat eastward. And before the Mercy Seat, he will sprinkle with his finger some of the blood
seven times. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
In the Bible, the number seven is the number of perfection and of completion. Jesus Christ will die for every
person’s sins. He will leave no one out (doctrine of unlimited atonement).
Seven was the first number that we became acquainted with in terms of meaning; we found that seven indicated
divine provision and completion. The sprinkled blood would be like the drops of blood coming from out Lord's
hands. Recall that the Tabernacle furniture is in the shape of a cross and the eastward side of the furniture
corresponds to the downward direction of the cross; that is, here the blood would be dripping down, so to speak.
Aaron here is in the holy of holies. Therefore, it was necessary for the copies of the things in the heavens to be
cleansed with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ did not enter
a holy place made with hands, a copy of the true one, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God
for us; nor was it that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the holy place year by year with blood
not his own, otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now once at
the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself (Hebrews
9:23–26).
By New Testament times, the ark of the covenant was no longer in the holy of holies. Sometime after the time
of David, who recovered the ark, and before the inter-testament times; probably during the dispersion, the ark was
removed from the Temple (no longer a tabernacle—or tent—at that time), not to ever be returned.21 The holy of
holies had become as empty as their apostate religion of works.
Leviticus 16:13–14 He has put the incense upon the fire before Yehowah and he has covered the Mercy Seat
which [is] upon the [Ark of] Testimony [with] a cloud of incense [smoke]. Therefore, he will not die. Then he has
taken from [the] blood of the bull and he has sprinkled [this blood] with his finger in front of the Mercy Seat
eastward. And before the Mercy Seat, he will sprinkle with his finger some of the blood seven times. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Leviticus 16:13–14 While in the Holy of Holies, Aaron will put the incense on top of his fire pan (which is filled with
hot coals) before Jehovah. By doing this, he will covered the Mercy Seat, which is on top of the Ark of Testimony,
with a cloud of incense smoke. As a result of this ritual, he will not die. Then he will take some of the blood of
the bull and he will sprinkle this blood with his finger in front of the Mercy Seat facing eastward. And standing
before the Mercy Seat, Aaron will sprinkle with his finger seven times, using the blood he collected. (Kukis
paraphrase)
——————————
21 Gower's The New Manners and Customs of the Bible; p. 360.
Leviticus Chapter 16 84
And he has slaughtered the goat of the sin-
offering which [is] for the people [of Israel]
and he has taken his blood unto from within
the curtain. And he has done with his blood
as which he did to blood of the bull. And he
has sprinkled him upon the cover and to
faces of the cover. And he has covered over
the Holy Place from uncleanness of sons of
Israel and from their transgressions to all
their sins. And so he will prepare for a Tent
of Meeting with them in a midst of their
uncleannesses.
Leviticus
16:15–16
[Aaron] has slaughtered the goat of the sin-
offering, which [offering is] for the people [of
Israel]; then he has taken its blood within the
curtain. He will do with its blood ad he did
regarding the blood of the bull. And he has
sprinkled it on the Mercy Seat and before the
Mercy Seat. And he has [by this ritual]
covered over the Sanctuary from the
uncleanness of the sons of Israel and from
their transgressions regarding all their sins.
Thus, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting
near them in the midst of their uncleannesses.
Aaron will then slaughter the goat for the sin-offering, which offering is done on behalf of the people of
Israel. Then he will take its blood behind the curtain and do with this blood as he had done with the blood
of the bull. He will sprinkle it on the Mercy Seat and in front of the Mercy Seat. By this ritual, Aaron will
have covered over the Sanctuary, cleansing it from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel and from their
transgressions and sins. Thus, by doing this, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting, which is near them,
for use, even in the midst of their uncleanness.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And he has slaughtered the goat of the sin-offering which [is] for the people [of
Israel] and he has taken his blood unto from within the curtain. And he has done
with his blood as which he did to blood of the bull. And he has sprinkled him upon
the cover and to faces of the cover. And he has covered over the Holy Place from
uncleanness of sons of Israel and from their transgressions to all their sins. And so
he will prepare for a Tent of Meeting with them in a midst of their uncleannesses.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And when he hath killed the buck goat for the sin of the people, he shall carry in the
blood thereof within the veil, as he was commanded to do with the blood of the calf,
that he may sprinkle it over against the oracle:
And may expiate the sanctuary from the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and
from their transgressions, and all their sins. According to this rite shall he do to the
tabernacle of the testimony, which is fixed among them in the midst of the filth of
their habitation.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his
blood within the veil, and do with his blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and
sprinkle it on the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat:
and he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleanness of the
B'nai Yisrael, and because of their transgressions, even all their sins; and so he
shall do for the Tabernacle, that dwells with them in the midst of their uncleanness.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
85 The Book of Leviticus
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he shall kill the goat for the sin-offering that is for the people, before the Lord.
And he shall bring in of its blood within the veil, and shall do with its blood as he did
with the blood of the calf, and shall sprinkle its blood on the mercy seat, in front of
the mercy seat.
And he shall make atonement for the sanctuary on account of the uncleanness of
the children of Israel, and for their trespasses in the matter of all their sins; and thus
shall he do to the tabernacle of witness established among them in the midst of their
uncleanness.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English Then let him put to death the goat of the sin-offering for the people, and take its
blood inside the veil and do with it as he did with the blood of the ox, shaking drops
of it on and before the cover of the ark.
And let him make the holy place free from whatever is unclean among the children
of Israel and from their wrongdoing in all their sins; and let him do the same for the
Tent of meeting, which has its place among an unclean people.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "Then Aaron will kill the goat of the sin offering for the people. He will bring this
goat's blood into the room behind the curtain. He will do with the goat's blood as he
did with the bull's blood. He will sprinkle the goat's blood on the mercy-cover and
in front of it. In this way Aaron will purify the Most Holy Place from all the
uncleanness and sins of the Israelites. He will also purify the Meeting Tent, because
it stands in the middle of people whose sins have made them unclean.
God’s Word™"Next, Aaron will slaughter the goat for the people's offering for sin. He will take the
blood inside, go up to the canopy, and sprinkle it on the throne of mercy and in front
of it, as he did with the bull's blood. So he will make peace with the LORD for all the
sins the Israelites committed against the holy place. These sins happened because
the Israelites were unclean and because they committed rebellious acts. He will do
the same for the tent of meeting which is among an unclean people.
Good News Bible (TEV) After that, he shall kill the goat for the sin offering for the people, bring its blood into
the Most Holy Place, and sprinkle it on the lid and then in front of the Covenant Box,
as he did with the bull's blood. In this way he will perform the ritual to purify the
Most Holy Place from the uncleanness of the people of Israel and from all their sins.
He must do this to the Tent, because it stands in the middle of the camp, which is
ritually unclean.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Aaron, you must next sacrifice the goat for the sins of the people, and you must
sprinkle its blood inside the most holy place, just as you did with the blood of the
bull. By doing this, you will take away the sins that make both the most holy place
and the people of Israel unclean. Do the same for the sacred tent, which is here
among the people.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
Leviticus Chapter 16 86
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified Aaron must then go outside the sacred tent and slaughter the goat, for it to be an
offering for the sins of the people. Then he must bring its blood into the very holy
place behind the curtain. There he must sprinkle some of that blood on the lid of the
sacred chest and against the front of the chest, as he did with the bull's blood. By
doing that, he will purify the very holy place. And he must sprinkle more of the blood
on the sacred tent, because I am present where the tent is, in the midst of the camp
of the Israelite people, who have become unacceptable to me because of their sins.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible Aaron shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people and bring its
blood behind the veil, and with its blood he must do as he did with the bull’s blood:
He is to sprinkle it against the mercy seat and in front of it. So he shall make
atonement for the Most Holy Place because of the impurities and rebellious acts of
the Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to do the same for the Tent of Meeting
which abides among them, because it is surrounded by their impurities.
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And he shall kill the goat of the sin offering, which is for the people, and bring
its blood within the veil, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the
bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, on the face of the mercy seat;
And he shall make a covering for the sanctuary, because of the uncleanness
of the children of Israel, and because of their transgression in all their sins; and so
he shall do for the tent of appointed meeting that dwells among them in the midst
of their uncleanness.
International Standard V “He is to slaughter the male goat as a sin offering for the people and bring its blood
beyond the curtain and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull: He is
to spatter it on the atonement place over the surface of the atonement place. Then
he is to make atonement on the sacred [Or holy] place on account of the uncleanness
of the Israelis, their transgressions, and all their sins. This is how he is to act in the
Tent of Meeting, which will remain with them in the middle of their uncleanness.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text Then he must kill the goat for the sin offering that is for the people and bring its
blood inside the curtain. There he must do with the blood as he did with the blood
of the bull: He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement
lid. He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of
the people of Israel, and because of their rebellion and all their sins. He must also
do this for the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among them, in the presence
of their unclean actions.
87 The Book of Leviticus
Urim-Thummim Version Then he will slaughter the goat of the Sin-Offering that is for the people and bring
its blood within the veil, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the young
bull, and sprinkle it upon the Covering-Lid, and in front of the Covering- Lid.
He will make Propitiatory-Covering for the Holy Place because of the uncleanness
of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins and so
he will do for the Tabernacle at the Appointed Place, that settles down among them
and between their uncleanness.
Wikipedia Bible Project And he slaughtered the sinstuff bull, which is for the people, and he brought its
blood to within the curtain, and he did to its blood as he did to the blood of the bull,
and he dripped it in the curtain, before the curtain.
And he atoned over the holy place from the defilements of the sons of Israle, and
from their crimes, to all their sins, and thus he will do to the tent of events, which
dwells with them, within their defilement.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) Then he shall slay the goat for the sin offering of the people and take its blood
inside the veil and do with its blood what he did with the blood of the bullock. He
shall sprinkle it on the mercy Seat and in front of it. In this way he shall make
atonement for the Holy Place because of the uncleanness of the Israelites and
because of all their sins. And he shall do the same for the Tent of Meeting which
stands among them in the midst of all their uncleanness.
Heb 9:12
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And he shall slay the goat of the sin offering, which is for the people, and shall
bring its blood inside the veil, and shall do with that blood as he did with the blood
of the bull, and sprinkle it on the lid of atonement and in front of the lid of
atonement.
“And he shall make atonement for the Set-apart Place, because of the uncleanness
of the children of Yisra’ìl, and because of their transgressions in all their sins. And
so he does for the Tent of Appointment which is dwelling with them in the midst of
their uncleanness.
Tree of Life Version “Then he is to slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, bring its
blood behind the curtain, and do with its as he did with the blood of the
bull—sprinkle it upon the atonement cover, and before the atonement cover.
So he is to make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the -uncleanness of
Bnei-Yisrael and because of their transgressions, all their sins. He is to do the same
for the Tent of Meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their impurities.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND HE SHALL KILL THE GOAT FOR THE SIN-OFFERING THAT IS FOR THE
PEOPLE, BEFORE JESUS; AND HE SHALL BRING IN OF ITS BLOOD WITHIN
Leviticus Chapter 16 88
THE VEIL, AND SHALL DO WITH ITS BLOOD AS HE DID WITH THE BLOOD OF
THE CALF, AND SHALL SPRINKLE ITS BLOOD ON THE SEAT OF
RECONCILIATION, IN FRONT OF THE SEAT OF RECONCILIATION.
AND HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT FOR THE SANCTUARY ON ACCOUNT OF
THE UNCLEANNESS OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL, AND FOR THEIR
TRESPASSES IN THE MATTER OF ALL THEIR SINS; AND THUS SHALL HE DO
TO THE TABERNACLE OF WITNESS ESTABLISHED AMONG THEM IN THE
MIDST OF THEIR UNCLEANNESS.
Awful Scroll Bible He is to have slaughtered the young goat, for the miss of the mark of the people,
and is to have brought in of its blood within the veil, and is to have effected with its
blood, as he is to have effected with the blood of the young bull, even is he to have
sprung it on the cover, turned toward the cover.
He is to have made a covering over in that set apart, for the uncleanness of the
sons of Isra-el, and for the transgressions of their misses of the mark. Even is he
to have prepared this in the tent of the appointed place, that is dwelling in their
midst, for their uncleanness.
Concordant Literal Version He will slay the hairy goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its
blood inside the curtain and do with its blood just as he did with the blood of the
young bull, and spatter it on the propitiatory shelter and before the propitiatory
shelter.
Thus he will make a propitiatory shelter over the holy place because of the
uncleannesses of the sons of Israel and because of their transgressions, for all their
sins. So shall he do for the tent of appointment that is tabernacling with them in the
midst of their uncleannesses.
exeGeses companion Bible ...and he slaughters the buck for the sin
which is for the people;
and brings his blood inside the housing of the veil;
and works that blood
as he worked the blood of the bullock;
and sprinkles it on the kapporeth
and at the face of the kapporeth:
and he kapars/atones for the holies
because of the foulness of the sons of Yisra El
and because of their rebellions in all their sins:
and thus he works for the tent of the congregation
that tabernacles among them midst their foulness:...
Orthodox Jewish Bible Then shall he slaughter (shachat) the goat of the chattat, that is for the Am, and
bring his dahm within the Parochet, and do with that dahm as he did with the dahm
of the bull, and sprinkle it upon the Kapporet, and before the Kapporet;
And he shall make kapporah for HaKodesh, because of the tuma of the Bnei
Yisroel, and because of their peysha'im in all their chattot; and so shall he do for the
Ohel Mo'ed, that remaineth among them in the midst of their tumah.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. Then shall he slay the sin!-bearing goat which is for the people, and bring in its
blood6 within the veil,—and do with its blood6 as he did to the blood of the bullock,
and shall sprinkle it6 upon the propitiatory6 and before the propitiatory: 16 so shall
he put a propitiatory covering over the holy place6 because of the uncleanness of
the sons of Israel, and because of their transgressions, to the extent of all their
sins,—and ||so|| shall he do for the tent of meeting, which abideth with them, in the
midst of their uncleanness.
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
89 The Book of Leviticus
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And he shall slaughter the sin offering’s goat, which is for the people, and he shall
bring its blood from behind [Literally “from the interior/inside of”] the curtain, and he shall
do with its blood as that which he did with [Hebrew “to”] the bull’s blood, and he shall
spatter it on the atonement cover and before [Literally “to the faces of”] the atonement
cover. Thus [Or “And”] he shall make atonement for the sanctuary from the Israelites’
[Literally “sons/children of Israel”] impurities and from their transgressions for all their sins;
and so he must do for the tent of assembly, which dwells with them in the midst of
their impurities. And no person [Literally “any man not”] shall be in the tent of assembly
when he enters to make atonement in the sanctuary until he comes out, and so he
shall make atonement for himself and for his family and for all of Israel’s assembly.
V. 17 is included for context.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation He shall then slaughter the people's sin offering goat, and bring its blood into [the
inner sanctuary] beyond the cloth partition. He shall do the same with this blood as
he did with the bull's blood, sprinkling it both above the ark cover and directly toward
the ark cover.
With this, he will make atonement for the Israelites' defilement, as well as for their
rebellious acts and all their inadvertent misdeeds.
He shall then perform [exactly] the same [ritual] in the Communion Tent, which
remains with the [Israelites] even when they are unclean.
sin offering goat
The one chosen by lot for God.
defilement
That is, entering the sanctuary or eating sacrifice while unclean (Rashi; see
Leviticus 15:31).
He shall then perform...
(Yoma 56a). Thus he must sprinkle both the blood of the bull and that of the
goat (separately) toward the cloth partition, once upward and seven times
downward (Yoma 53b; Yad, Avodath Yom HaKippurim 3:5).
which remains...
Indicating that there is atonement even when the Israelites are defiled
(Midrash HaGadol). This may also indicate that there would be atonement
even in the Second Temple, where there was no ark or ark cover.
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version . sanctuary
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT Then he shall kill the goat for a sin offering; that for the people, before the Lord, and
he shall carry some of its blood within the veil, and do with the blood thereof as he
did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle the blood thereof on the propitiatory, in
front of the propitiatory, and make atonement for the holy place on account of the
uncleanness of the children of Israel, and on account of their transgressions, for all
Leviticus Chapter 16 90
their sins. While he shall be doing this in the tabernacle of the testimony, which is
built among them in the midst of their uncleanness,... Thomson carries this
passage forward on through v. 19.
Context Group Version Then he shall kill the goat of the purification-offering, that is for the people, and
bring his blood inside the veil, and do with his blood as he did with the blood of the
bull, and sprinkle it on the generosity-seat, and before the generosity-seat: and he
shall make atonement for the special place, because of the uncleannesses of the
sons of Israel, and because of their transgressions, even all their disgraceful acts:
and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, that dwells with them in the midst of their
uncleannesses.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation And he shall kill the goat of the sin offering which is the people's, and shall bring in
its blood to the inside of the veil, and shall do with its blood as he has done with the
blood of the bull, and shall sprinkle it on the mercy-seat, and at the front of the
mercy-seat.
And he shall atone for the sanctuary because of the pollutions of the sons of Israel,
and because of their transgressions for all their sins. And so he shall do for the
tabernacle of the congregation dwelling in the midst of their pollutions.
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version .
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 Then he will kill the goat of the sin-offering, that is for the people and bring his blood
within the veil and do with his blood as he did with the blood of the bull and sprinkle
it upon the mercy-seat and before the mercy-seat.
And he will make atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleannesses of
the sons of Israel and because of their transgressions, even all their sins. And so
he will do for the tent of meeting that dwells with them in the midst of their
uncleannesses.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and he will slay the hairy goat of the failure which is for the people, and he will
bring his blood to the inside, to the tent curtain, and he will do with his blood, just as
he did to the blood of the bull, and he will spatter him upon the lid and to the face
of the lid, and he will make a covering upon the special place because of the
dirtiness of the sons of Yisra'eyl, and because of their offenses for all their failures,
and so he will do this for the appointed tent dwelling with them in the midst of their
dirtiness,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
15-16
91 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:15a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
shâchaþ (ùÈçÇè)
[pronounced shaw-
KHAT]
to slaughter [animals], to
ceremonially sacrifice, to kill [with a
sacrificial knife]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #7819
and 7820 BDB
#1006
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty
[for sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced uh-SHER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where; in that, in which, in what
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
)am (òÇí) [pronounced
ìahm]
people; race, tribe; family, relatives;
citizens, common people;
companions, servants; entire
human race; herd [of animals]
masculine singular
collective noun with the
definite article
Strong’s #5971
BDB #766
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to take in, to bring [near, against,
upon], to come in with, to carry, to
cause to come [in], to gather, to
bring to pass
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
noun with 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
Leviticus Chapter 16 92
Leviticus 16:15a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #1004
BDB #108
These two together perhaps mean within, from within.
pôreketh (ôÉÌøÆëÆú)
[pronounced poh-REH-
keith]
curtain, veil feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #6532
BDB #827
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture;
accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
with, at, near, by, among, directly
from
preposition (which is
identical to the sign of
the direct object)
Strong's #854
BDB #85
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
kaph or ke (ëÌÀ)
[pronounced ke]
like, as, according to; about,
approximately
preposition of
comparison,
resemblance or
approximation
No Strong’s #
BDB #453
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
Together, ka(ãsher (ëÌÇàÂùÆø) [pronounced kah-uh-SHER] means as which, as one who, as, like as, even as, just
as, according as; because; according to what manner, in a manner as, when, about when. Back in 1Sam. 12:8,
I rendered this for example. In Gen. 44:1, I have translated this, as much as.
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture;
accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
93 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:15a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
Translation: [Aaron] has slaughtered the goat of the sin-offering, which [offering is] for the people [of Israel]; then
he has taken its blood within the curtain. He will do with its blood ad he did regarding the blood of the bull.
Aaron will slaughter the goat and he will take its blood behind the curtain. He will do with the goat’s blood just as
he had done with the bull’s blood.
Leviticus 16:15b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâzâh (ðÈæÈä) [pronounced
naw-ZAW]
to cause to spurt, to make spatter,
to make sprinkle
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong’s #5137
BDB #633
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
him, it; he; untranslated mark of a
direct object; occasionally to him,
toward him
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only in
the Bible for the mercy seat of the
ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
kappôreth (ëÌÇôÌÉøÆú)
[pronounced kap-POH-
reth]
cover, atonement lid; used only in
the Bible for the mercy seat of the
ark of the covenant
feminine singular
substantive; with the
definite article
Strong’s #3727
BDB #498
Translation: And he has sprinkled it on the Mercy Seat and before the Mercy Seat.
Leviticus Chapter 16 94
He will sprinkle blood on top of the Mercy Seat and in front of the Mercy Seat.
Leviticus 16:15 [Aaron] has slaughtered the goat of the sin-offering, which [offering is] for the people [of Israel];
then he has taken its blood within the curtain. He will do with its blood ad he did regarding the blood of the bull.
And he has sprinkled it on the Mercy Seat and before the Mercy Seat. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Again, the blood placed where it was would have been equivalent to blood on the cross where the hands were and
this blood would be dripping downward. The sacrifice of the goat was on behalf of the people of Israel.
Leviticus 16:16a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy thing;
possibly, a sacred [holy, set apart]
place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
þume(âh (èËîÀàÈä)
[pronounced toom-AW]
uncleanness (sexual; ethical and
religious; ritual; local [of nations]);
[sexually] polluted; an unclean thing
feminine plural
construct
Strong’s #2932
BDB #380
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children; people;
sometimes rendered men; young
men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier of
God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper
noun; God-given name
to Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
95 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:16a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
pesha) (ôÌÆùÇò)
[pronounced PEH-
shahì]
violation, infraction, disobedience,
insubordination, rebellion,
transgression, trespass
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #6588
BDB #833
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
Literally, this means, to all, for all.
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
Translation: And he has [by this ritual] covered over the Sanctuary from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel
and from their transgressions regarding all their sins.
There have been many sins and transgressions taking place all of this time. When Moses was up on Mount Sinai,
the people had persuaded Aaron to make a golden calf for them to worship. Aaron’s eldest sons offered a strange
fire to God (meaning an offering which was not described or required by God).
The books of Exodus and Leviticus and Numbers are records of the many transgressions of the people of Israel.
Leviticus 16:16b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kên (ëÌÅï) [pronounced
kane]
so, therefore, thus; then, afterwards;
upright, honest; rightly, well; [it is]
so, such, so constituted
properly, an active
participle; used
primarily as an adverb
Strong's #3651
BDB #485
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture; accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
Leviticus Chapter 16 96
Leviticus 16:16b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
shâkan (ùÈëÇï)
[pronounced shaw-
KAHN]
dwelling, residing, living; settling [in,
down]; encamping; pitching one’s
tent
masculine singular,
Qal active participle
with the definite article
Strong’s #7931
BDB #1014
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
with, at, near, by, among, directly
from
preposition (which is
identical to the sign of
the direct object); with
the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #854
BDB #85
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
tâveke (úÌÈåÆ) [pronounced
taw-VEKE]midst, among, middle masculine singular
construct
Strong's #8432
BDB #1063
With the bêyth preposition, tâveke can mean in the middle of, in the midst of; into, among. In the Hebrew, this
is spelled áÌÀúåÉ. With the 1st person plural suffix, it means in our midst. With the 2nd person masculine plural
suffix, it can mean in your midst, among you. With the 3rd person masculine plural suffix, it can mean in their
midst, among them.
þume(âh (èËîÀàÈä)
[pronounced toom-AW]
uncleanness (sexual; ethical and
religious; ritual; local [of nations]);
[sexually] polluted; an unclean thing
feminine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #2932
BDB #380
Translation: Thus, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting near them in the midst of their uncleannesses. (Kukis
mostly literal translation)
Aaron, by performing these rituals, is cleansing the Tent of Meeting for use in the midst of the unclean Israelites.
God chose Israel because Jesus would come from this line. However, had He chosen any other people, the Tent
of Meeting would still need to be ritually cleansed.
Leviticus 16:16 And he has [by this ritual] covered over the Sanctuary from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel
and from their transgressions regarding all their sins. Thus, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting near them in
the midst of their uncleannesses. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Vv. 16–17 are summary verses telling us what has taken place so far and they give us the stated meaning for the
people of Israel in the Old Testament. This is done because of all of the sins and transgressions of the house of
Israel, to make a covering or a shielding for the Tabernacle, which is in the midst of Israel and in the midst of all
her impurities. Our Lord on this earth was preserved in His humanity through the strength, guidance and
protection of the Holy Spirit, the exact same Holy Spirit which offers us the exact same strength, guidance and
protection.
97 The Book of Leviticus
The purpose of the sacrifices was to temporarily cover over their transgressions so that the God of the Heavens,
the perfect and righteous God Who cannot come into contact with anything sinful, does not come into direct
contact with their sins and transgressions. There are two reasons why this did not cancel sin: (1) these are rituals,
and rituals portray what is real but they are not in of themselves real; and, (2) our Lord had not yet come in time
and paid the penalty for sin. For those same two reasons, none of the Jews from the age of Israel were ever
resurrected. Christ, the First Fruits, was first resurrected, to show God's approval and to bring many other sons
into salvation.
Therefore, He had to be made like His brothers in all things, that He might become a merciful and faithful high
priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people; for since He Himself was tempted
in that which He was suffered, He is able to come to the aid of those who are tempted (Hebrews 2:17–18).
Whereas Aaron offered up a blood sacrifice for himself and the people of God; God the Son offered up His own
blood, then helps us in our weaknesses to withstand sin.
Leviticus 16:15–16 [Aaron] has slaughtered the goat of the sin-offering, which [offering is] for the people [of
Israel]; then he has taken its blood within the curtain. He will do with its blood ad he did regarding the blood of
the bull. And he has sprinkled it on the Mercy Seat and before the Mercy Seat. And he has [by this ritual] covered
over the Sanctuary from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel and from their transgressions regarding all their
sins. Thus, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting near them in the midst of their uncleannesses. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Leviticus 16:15–16 Aaron will then slaughter the goat for the sin-offering, which offering is done on behalf of the
people of Israel. Then he will take its blood behind the curtain and do with this blood as he had done with the
blood of the bull. He will sprinkle it on the Mercy Seat and in front of the Mercy Seat. By this ritual, Aaron will have
covered over the Sanctuary, cleansing it from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel and from their transgressions
and sins. Thus, by doing this, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting, which is near them, for use, even in the midst
of their uncleanness. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
And every man will not be in a Tent of
Meeting in his going in to cover in the Holy
Place until his going out. And he has
covered for himself and for his house and for
an entire assembly of Israel. And he has
gone out unto the altar which [is] to faces of
Yehowah and he has covered over him. And
he has taken from blood of the bull and from
blood of the goat and he has put it upon
horns of the altar all around. And he has
sprinkled upon him from the blood with his
finger seven times and he has cleansed him
and he has made him holy from
uncleannesses of sons of Israel.
Leviticus
16:17–19
[Regarding Aaron’s cleansing rituals:] not any
man is to be in the Tent of Assembly in his
going in to make atonement in the Holy Place
until his going out. And he has atoned for
himself and for his household and for the
entire assembly of Israel. And he has gone out
to the altar, which [is] before Yehowah, and he
has made atonement over it. And he has taken
from the blood of the bull and from the blood
of the goat and he has put it on the horns of
the altar all around. And he has sprinkled from
the blood upon it with his finger seven times.
[By this] he has cleansed it and he has made it
holy from the uncleanliness of the sons of
Israel.
As long as Aaron is making atonement in the Holy Place, no one is to be inside of the Tent of Meeting.
He will atone for himself, for his household and for all Israel. He will go out to the altar, which altar is
before Jehovah, and he will make an atonement for the altar itself. He will take some of the blood of the
bull and of the goat and place it on and around the horns of the altar. He will dip his finger into the blood
and sprinkled it seven times toward the altar. By doing all of this, Aaron has cleansed the altar and he has
set it apart even from all the uncleanness of the sons of Israel.
Leviticus Chapter 16 98
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And every man will not be in a Tent of Meeting in his going in to cover in the Holy
Place until his going out. And he has covered for himself and for his house and for
an entire assembly of Israel. And he has gone out unto the altar which [is] to faces
of Yehowah and he has covered over him. And he has taken from blood of the bull
and from blood of the goat and he has put it upon horns of the altar all around. And
he has sprinkled upon him from the blood with his finger seven times and he has
cleansed him and he has made him holy from uncleannesses of sons of Israel.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) Let no man be in the tabernacle when the high priest goeth into the sanctuary, to
pray for himself and his house, and for the whole congregation of Israel, until he
come out.
And when he is come out to the altar that is before the Lord, let him pray for himself:
and taking the blood of the calf, and of the buck goat, let him pour it upon the horns
thereof round about.
And sprinkling with his finger seven times, let him expiate, and sanctify it from the
uncleanness of the children of Israel.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta There shall be no one in the Tabernacle when he enters to make atonement in the
Holy Place, until he comes out, and has made atonement for himself and for his
household, and for all the assembly of Yisrael.
"He shall go out to the altar that is before Mar-Yah and make atonement for it, and
shall take some of the bull's blood, and some of the goat's blood, and put it around
on the horns of the altar.
He shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse
it, and make it holy from the uncleanness of the B'nai Yisrael.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of witness, when he goes in to make
atonement in the holy place, until he shall have come out; and he shall make
atonement for himself, and for his house, and for all the congregation of the children
of Israel.
And he shall come forth to the altar that is before the Lord, and he shall make
atonement upon it; and he shall take of the blood of the calf, and of the blood of the
goat, and shall put it on the horns of the altar round about.
And he shall sprinkle some of the blood upon it seven times with his finger, and
shall purge it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
99 The Book of Leviticus
Bible in Basic English And no man may be in the Tent of meeting from the time when Aaron goes in to
take away sin in the holy place till he comes out, having made himself and his
house and all the people of Israel free from sin.
And he is to go out to the altar which is before the Lord and make it free from sin;
and he is to take some of the blood of the ox and the blood of the goat and put it on
the horns of the altar and round it;
Shaking drops of the blood from his finger on it seven times to make it holy and
clean from whatever is unclean among the children of Israel.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "No one must be in the Meeting Tent when Aaron goes in to purify the Most Holy
Place. No one is to go in there until Aaron comes out after purifying himself, his
family, and all the Israelites.
Then Aaron will go out to the altar that is before the LORD. Aaron will make the
altar pure. He will take some of the blood from the bull and from the goat and put
it on the corners of the altar on all four sides.
Then he will dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it on the altar seven times. In
this way Aaron will make the altar holy and clean from all the sins of the Israelites.
God’s Word™No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time Aaron enters the holy place to
do this until he comes out. Aaron will make peace with the LORD for his own sins,
his family's sins, and the sins of the entire assembly of Israel. Then he will go out
to the altar that is in the LORD'S presence and make peace with the LORD there
for the sins committed. He will take some of the blood from the bull and some of the
goat's blood and put it all around the horns of the altar. With his finger he will
sprinkle some of the blood on it seven times. Because the Israelites made it
unclean, he will cleanse it and declare it holy.
Good News Bible (TEV) From the time Aaron enters the Most Holy Place to perform the ritual of purification
until he comes out, there must be no one in the Tent. When he has performed the
ritual for himself, his family, and the whole community, he must then go out to the
altar for burnt offerings and purify it. He must take some of the bull's blood and
some of the goat's blood and put it all over the projections at the corners of the
altar. With his finger he must sprinkle some of the blood on the altar seven times.
In this way he is to purify it from the sins of the people of Israel and make it holy.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. Only you are allowed in the sacred tent from the time you enter until the time you
come out. After leaving the tent, you will purify the bronze altar by smearing each
of its four corners with some of the blood from the bull and from the goat. Use a
finger to sprinkle the altar seven times with the blood, and it will be completely clean
from the sins of the people.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified When Aaron goes into the very holy place in the sacred tent to purify it, no one else
is permitted to enter the other part of the sacred tent. Only after Aaron has
performed rituals to enable me to forgive him and his family, and all the Israelite
people, is any priest permitted to enter the sacred tent. Then Aaron must go
Leviticus Chapter 16 100
outside the tent to purify my altar. He must do this by smearing some of the blood
from the bull and some of the blood from the goat on each of the projections at the
corners of the altar. Then Aaron must dip his finger into the basin of blood and
sprinkle some of the blood over the altar seven times. By doing that, he will
separate the altar from the Israelites' deeds that are unacceptable to me. The altar
will be set apart for me.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And there shall be no man in the tent of appointed meeting when he goes in
to make a covering in the holy place, until he comes out, and has made a covering
for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel.
And he shall go out to the altar that is before the face of Jehovah, and make
a covering for it, and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the
goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around.
And he shall sprinkle of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and
cleanse it, and sanctify it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.
International Standard V “No person [Lit. man] is to be there when he enters the Tent of Meeting to make
atonement in the sacred place until he comes out and has made atonement on
account of himself, his household, and the entire assembly of Israel. When he goes
to the altar in the Lord’s presence to make atonement for himself, then he is to take
some of the blood from the bull and the male goat, place it around the horns of the
altar, spattering it with the blood on his forefinger seven times, cleansing and
sanctifying it from Israel’s sins.”
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version And there will be no man in the Tabernacle at the Appointed Place when he goes
in to make Propitiatory-Covering in the Holy Place, until he comes out and has
made Propitiatory-Covering for himself, his household, and for all the nation of
Israel. Then he will go out to the Altar that is before YHWH, and make Propitiatory-
Covering for it and will take of the blood of the young bull, and of the blood of the
he-goat, and put it upon the horns of the Altar all around. And he will sprinkle of the
blood upon it with his finger 7 times and cleanse it, and consecrate it from the
uncleanness of the children of Israel.
Wikipedia Bible Project And no man will be in the tent of events when he comes to atone in the holy place,
until he leaves. And he atones for himself and for his household, and for all Israel's
congregation.
101 The Book of Leviticus
And he will leave to the altar which is before Yahweh, and he will atone over it, and
he will take from the blood of the bull, and from the blood of the he-goat, and he will
put it on the horns of the altar, around.
And the goat upon which 'azazel's lot is, will stand alive before Yahweh. To atone
for him, send him to 'azalel, to the steppe. [Kukis: There are two v. 19s in the
Wikipedia translation.
And he will drip over it from the blood with his finger, seven times, and they will be
purified and they will be blessed, from the defilements of the sons of Israel.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) No one shall be in the Tent of Meeting from the time Aaron goes to make
atonement until he comes out. After he has made atonement for himself, for his
household and for the whole as sembly of Israel, he shall go out to the altar be fore
Yahweh and make atonement for it. Then he shall take some of the bullock’s blood
and some of the goat’s blood and put it on the horns of the altar on all sides. He
shall sprinkle it with blood seven times, and cleanse it and conse crate it from the
uncleanness of the Israelites.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And no man should be in the Tent of Appointment when he goes in to make
atonement in the Set-apart Place, until he comes out. And he shall make atonement
for himself, and for his household, and for all the assembly of Yisra’ìl.
“And he shall go out to the slaughter-place that is before éäåä, and make atonement
for it. And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the
goat, and put it on the horns of the slaughter-place all around.
“And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and
cleanse it, and set it apart from the uncleanness of the children of Yisra’ìl.
Tree of Life Version No one is to be in the Tent of Meeting when he enters to make atonement in the
Holy Place until he comes out, and has made atonement for himself and for his
household, and for all the assembly of Israel. Then he is to go out to the altar that
is before Adonai and make atonement for it. He is to take some of the bull’s blood
and some of the goat’s blood and dab it around on the horns of the altar. He is to
sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and
consecrate it from the uncleanness of Bnei-Yisrael.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND THERE SHALL BE NO MAN IN THE TABERNACLE OF WITNESS, WHEN
HE GOES IN TO MAKE ATONEMENT IN THE HOLY PLACE, UNTIL HE SHALL
HAVE COME OUT; AND HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT FOR HIMSELF, AND
FOR HIS HOUSE, AND FOR ALL THE CONGREGATION OF THE CHILDREN OF
ISRAEL.
Leviticus Chapter 16 102
AND HE SHALL COME FORTH TO THE ALTAR THAT IS BEFORE JESUS, AND
HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT UPON IT; AND HE SHALL TAKE OF THE BLOOD
OF THE CALF, AND OF THE BLOOD OF THE GOAT, AND SHALL PUT IT ON
THE HORNS OF THE ALTAR ROUND ABOUT.
AND HE SHALL SPRINKLE SOME OF THE BLOOD UPON IT SEVEN TIMES
WITH HIS FINGER, AND SHALL CLEANSE IT, AND SANCTIFY IT FROM THE
UNCLEANNESS OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL.
Awful Scroll Bible Is there to be a human in the tent of the appointed place, as he is to go in to cover
over in that set apart, till he is to come out? - He is to have made a covering over
for his house, and the assembly of Isra-eternal life.
He is to have gone forth to the altar, turned before Sustains To Become and is to
have made a covering over. He is to have taken of the blood of the young bull, and
the blood of the young goat, and is to have put it on the horns of the altar, on
around.
He is to have sprung the blood seven times with his finger, and is to have cleansed
them, even are the sons of Isra-el to have been set apart from their uncleanness.
Concordant Literal Version No human at all shall come to be in the tent of appointment when he enters to make
a propitiatory shelter in the holy place until his coming forth. He will make a
propitiatory shelter about himself and about his household and about the whole
assembly of Israel.
Then he will come forth to the altar which is before Yahweh and make a propitiatory
shelter over it. He will take some of the blood of the young bull and some of the
blood of the hairy goat and put it on the horns of the altar round about.
He will spatter some of the blood on it with his finger seven times and cleanse it and
hallow it from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel.
exeGeses companion Bible ...and there is no human
in the tent of the congregation
when he goes in to kapar/atone in the holies
until he comes out:
and he kapars/atones for himself
and for his household
and for all the congregation of Yisra El:
and he goes out to the sacrifice altar
at the face of Yah Veh
and kapars/atones for it;
and takes of the blood of the bullock
and of the blood of the buck
and gives it
on the horns of the sacrifice altar all around:
and with his finger
he sprinkles thereon of the blood seven times
and purifies it and hallows it
from the foulness of the sons of Yisra El.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And there shall be no adam in the Ohel Mo'ed when he goeth in to make kapporah
in HaKodesh, until he come out, and have made kapporah for himself, and for his
bais, and for kol Kehal Yisrael.
And he shall go out unto the Mizbe'ach that is before Hashem, and make kapporah
for it; and shall take of the dahm of the bull, and of the dahm of the goat, and put
it upon the Karnot of the Mizbe'ach around about.
And he shall sprinkle of the dahm upon it with his forefinger seven times, and make
it tahor, and set it apart as kodesh from the tumah of the Bnei Yisroel.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
103 The Book of Leviticus
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “Then [Or “And”] he shall go out to the altar that is before [Literally “to the faces of”]
Yahweh, and he shall make atonement for it; and he shall take some of [Literally
“from”] the bull’s blood and some of [Literally “from”] the goat’s blood, and he shall put
it [The direct object is supplied from context in the English translation] all around on the altar’s
horns.
And he shall spatter some of [Literally “from”] the blood on it seven times with his
finger, and he shall cleanse it and consecrate [Literally “he shall consecrate”] it from the
Israelites’ [Literally “of the sons/children of Israel”] impurities. V. 17 was placed with the
previous passage for context.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation No one else shall be in the Communion Tent from the time that [Aaron] enters the
sanctuary to make atonement until he leaves. In this manner he shall make
atonement for himself, for his family, and for the entire Israelite community.
He shall then go out to the altar that is before God, and make atonement on it. He
shall [do this by] taking some of the bull's and goat's blood, and placing [the mixture]
on the altar's horns all around.
He shall sprinkle the blood on it seven times with his forefinger. Through this, he
shall purify and sanctify it from any defilement on the part of the Israelites.
altar that is before God
The incense altar (Yoma 58b; Rashi).
mixture
(Yoma 53b; Yad, Avodath Yom HaKippurim 3:5).
all around
North-east, north-west, south-west and then south-east (Sifra).
on it
On the center of the altar (Sifra; Yoma 58b).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. And ||no human being|| shall be in the tent of meeting6 when he cometh in to make
a covering by propitiation in the holy place6 until he goeth out,—so shall he put a
propitiatory-covering about himself and about his household6 and about all the
convocation of Israel. Then shall he go out unto the altar which is before Yahweh6
and shall put a propitiatory-covering thereupon,— and shall take of the blood of the
bullock6 and of the blood of the goat, and put upon the horns of the altar6 round
about; and shall sprinkle upon it6 of the blood6 with his finger6 seven times,—and
shall cleansea it and hallow it, from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel.
a Usual word for “cleanse.”
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT ...there shall be no other man in the tabernacle of the testimony, from the time of
his going in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come out. And when
Leviticus Chapter 16 104
he shall have made atonement for himself, and his household, and for all the
congregation of the children of Israel, he shall come out to the altar which is before
the Lord, and make atonement on it. He shall take some of the blood of the bull,
and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar round about,
and sprinkle some of the blood against it seven times with his finger, and purify it,
and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.
Context Group Version And there shall not be any of man in the tent of meeting when he goes in to make
atonement in the special place, until he comes out, and makes atonement for
himself, and for his household, and for all the assembly of Israel. And he shall go
out to the altar that is before YHWH, and make atonement for it, and shall take of
the blood of the bull, and of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar
round about. And he shall sprinkle of the blood on it with his finger seven times,
and cleanse it, and make it special from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version . coming out
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And no man will be in the tent of meeting when he goes in to make atonement in the
holy place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his
household and for all the assembly of Israel.
And he will go out to the altar that is before Jehovah and make atonement for it.
And will take of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat and put it upon the
horns of the altar all around.
And he will sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times and cleanse it
and sanctify it from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and there will not exist any human in the appointed tent when he comes in to
make a covering in the special place, until his going out, and he will make a
covering on his behalf and on the behalf of his house and on behalf of all the
assembly of Yisra'eyl, and he will go out to the altar which is to the face of YHWH,
and he will make a covering upon him, and he will take from the blood of the bull
and from the blood of the hairy goat, and he will place them upon the horns of the
altar all around, and he will spatter upon him from the blood with his finger seven
times, and he will make him clean, and he will set him apart from the dirty ones of
Yisra'eyl,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
17-19
105 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:17a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
(âdâm (àÈãÈí)
[pronounced aw-DAWM]
a man, a human being, mankind;
transliterated Adam
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #120 &
#121 BDB #9
The word the Adam can mean man, mankind, humankind, men, human beings.
lô( (ìÉà or ìåÉà)
[pronounced low]not, no
negates the word or
action that follows; the
absolute negation
Strong’s #3808
BDB #518
hâyâh (äÈéÈä) [pronounced
haw-YAW]
to be, is, was, are; to become, to
come into being; to come to pass
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #1961
BDB #224
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
When the bêyth preposition is followed by an infinitive, it forms a periphrasis for the gerund and is commonly
expressed by the conjunctions while, when, in that, after that, if, though, even if.22
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to go,
to enter, to advance; to attain
Qal infinitive with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
22 Okay, a periphrasis is a round about way of speaking or saying something. A gerund is a verb which often functions as a
noun (in English, our gerunds often end in ing).
Leviticus Chapter 16 106
Leviticus 16:17a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
Piel infinitive Strong's #3722
BDB #497
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy, set
apart] place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
)ad (òÇã) [pronounced
ìahd]as far as, even to, up to, until preposition of duration
or of limits
Strong’s #5704
BDB #723
yâtsâ( (éÈöÈà) [pronounced
yaw-TZAWH]
to go [come] out, to go [come] forth;
to rise; to flow, to gush up [out]
Qal infinitive with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #3318
BDB #422
Translation: [Regarding Aaron’s cleansing rituals:] not any man is to be in the Tent of Assembly in his going in
to make atonement in the Holy Place until his going out.
There is going to be an extensive cleansing and atoning ceremony performed by Aaron. In this passage, he is
going to be mostly outside of the Tabernacle standing at the Brazen Altar.
While he is performing this set of rituals, no one is to be inside of the Tent of Meeting. They are to wait until he
goes into the Holy Place and then comes out again.
Leviticus 16:17b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
107 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:17b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
bayith (áÌÇéÄú) [pronounced
BAH-yith]
house, residence; household,
habitation as well as inward
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1004
BDB #108
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
qâhâl (÷ÈäÈì) [pronounced
kaw-HAWL]
an organized assembly, a
congregation, a called convocation;
this is not just a crowd, but people
who were assembled for a reason
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #6951
BDB #874
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier of
God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper
noun; God-given name
to Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
Translation: And he has atoned for himself and for his household and for the entire assembly of Israel.
These rituals will atone for Aaron, for his family and for all Israel. The word atonement occurs several times in
this passage, so I have placed the definition of Atonement in the Addendum.
This day appears to begin as though it is Aaron who must perform sites for himself and his family (given that two
of his sons sinned against God with their strange fire), the rituals taking place in this chapter will extend to the
atonement of the people of Israel and even of the Brazen Altar. At the end of this chapter, this set of practices
will become institutionalized to take place on this particular day (the 10th day of the 7th month) and later (Leviticus
23) it will be given the name, the Day of Atonement.
Leviticus Chapter 16 108
Leviticus 16:17 [Regarding Aaron’s cleansing rituals:] not any man is to be in the Tent of Assembly in his going
in to make atonement in the Holy Place until his going out. And he has atoned for himself and for his household
and for the entire assembly of Israel. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Aaron is not just atoning for himself and his family but for all Israel.
Aaron must be ceremonially clean in order to approach Yehowah and all the congregation must be ceremonially
clean in order to approach Yehowah. There is no approach to God apart from Aaron entering the holy of holies
and making an offering to God. Our Lord Jesus Christ, without any help from man, gave Himself as a sacrifice
for our sins. Jesus Christ died for our sins alone; He made atonement for our sins alone.
Leviticus 16:18a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
yâtsâ( (éÈöÈà) [pronounced
yaw-TZAWH]
to go [come] out, to go [come] forth;
to rise; to flow, to gush up [out]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #3318
BDB #422
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
109 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:18a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, over
above, by, beside; because of, on
account of
preposition of relative
proximity; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
Translation: And he has gone out to the altar, which [is] before Yehowah, and he has made atonement over it.
At this point, Aaron will atone for the altar itself.
Leviticus 16:18b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâqach (ìÈ÷Çç)
[pronounced law-
KAHKH]
to take, to take away, to take in
marriage; to seize
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3947
BDB #542
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
Leviticus Chapter 16 110
Leviticus 16:18b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâthan (ðÈúÇï) [pronounced
naw-THAHN]
to give, to grant, to place, to put, to
set; to make
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5414
BDB #678
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
qarenôwth (÷ÇøÀðÇåÉú)
[pronounced kahr-
NOHTH]
horns; flashes of lightning, rays of
light
feminine plural
construct
Strong’s #7161
BDB #901
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
çâbîyb (ñÈáÄéá)
[pronounced sawb-
VEEBV]
around, surrounding, circuit, round
about, encircle; all around; on every
side
adverb/preposition Strong’s #5439
BDB #686
Translation: And he has taken from the blood of
the bull and from the blood of the goat and he has
put it on the horns of the altar all around.
Around the altar are four horns. Aaron would take
some of the blood of the bull and the goat and he
would sprinkle it on the altar and on these horns.
The Altar of Sacrifice (a graphic); from the
Hashana Rabbah Blog; accessed June 18, 2024.
This altar is out in front of the Tent of Meeting.
Aaron is atoning for the altar itself, because
thousands of sacrifices for the sins of Israel have
been offered here.
Leviticus 16:18 And he has gone out to the altar,
which [is] before Yehowah, and he has made
atonement over it. And he has taken from the
blood of the bull and from the blood of the goat
and he has put it on the horns of the altar all
around. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The blood is used to cleanse; the altar is where all burned approaches to God are lain. Aaron emerges from the
holy of holies and from the Tabernacle, just as God the Son will leave the third heaven, then throne room of God,
the presence of God the Father, and gather Israel at the end of the tribulation
111 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:19
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâzâh (ðÈæÈä) [pronounced
naw-ZAW]
to cause to spurt, to make spatter, to
make sprinkle
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong’s #5137
BDB #633
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside
preposition of proximity
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
(etseba) (àÆöÀáÌÇò)
[pronounced etze-BAHÌ]
finger, forefinger, finger used for
dipping; toe
feminine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #676
BDB #840
sheba) (ùÆáÇò)
[pronounced sheb-
VAHÌ]
seven numeral masculine
construct
Strong's #7651
BDB #987 & #988
Bible Hub has this is a feminine singular noun; but it is actually a masculine singular construct.
pe)âmîym (ôÌÀòÈîÄéí)
[pronounced peh-ìaw-
MEEM]
times, beats, feet, occurrences,
steps; the connotation is the
passage of time
feminine plural noun Strong’s #6471
BDB #821
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
þâhêr (èÈäÅø) [pronounced
taw-HAIR]
to cleanse [clean] [physically,
ceremonially, morally]; to purify; to
pronounce [declare] clean; to
perform a ritual ceremony of
cleansing
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect;
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #2891
BDB #372
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
Leviticus Chapter 16 112
Leviticus 16:19
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
qâdash (÷ÈãÇù)
[pronounced kaw-
DAHSH]
to regard as holy, to declare holy or
sacred; to consecrate, to sanctify, to
inaugurate with holy rites; to set
apart for a spiritual purpose
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #6942
BDB #872
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
þume(âh (èËîÀàÈä)
[pronounced toom-AW]
uncleanness (sexual; ethical and
religious; ritual; local [of nations]);
[sexually] polluted; an unclean thing
feminine plural
construct
Strong’s #2932
BDB #380
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children; people;
sometimes rendered men; young
men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier of
God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper
noun; God-given name
to Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
Translation: And he has sprinkled from the blood upon it with his finger seven times. [By this] he has cleansed
it and he has made it holy from the uncleanliness of the sons of Israel. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Before Israel has a chance to do anything right or wrong, God calls them unclean and atonement must be made
the separate them from their acts of sin and transgressions.
Leviticus 16:19 And he has sprinkled from the blood upon it with his finger seven times. [By this] he has cleansed
it and he has made it holy from the uncleanliness of the sons of Israel. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Aaron sprinkles the blood with his finger at the altar and its horns.
Leviticus 16:17–19 [Regarding Aaron’s cleansing rituals:] not any man is to be in the Tent of Assembly in his
going in to make atonement in the Holy Place until his going out. And he has atoned for himself and for his
household and for the entire assembly of Israel. And he has gone out to the altar, which [is] before Yehowah, and
he has made atonement over it. And he has taken from the blood of the bull and from the blood of the goat and
he has put it on the horns of the altar all around. And he has sprinkled from the blood upon it with his finger seven
times. [By this] he has cleansed it and he has made it holy from the uncleanliness of the sons of Israel. (Kukis
mostly literal translation)
Leviticus 16:17–19 As long as Aaron is making atonement in the Holy Place, no one is to be inside of the Tent
of Meeting. He will atone for himself, for his household and for all Israel. He will go out to the altar, which altar
is before Jehovah, and he will make an atonement for the altar itself. He will take some of the blood of the bull
and of the goat and place it on and around the horns of the altar. He will dip his finger into the blood and sprinkled
it seven times toward the altar. By doing all of this, Aaron has cleansed the altar and he has set it apart even from
all the uncleanness of the sons of Israel. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
113 The Book of Leviticus
And he has made an end from covering the
holy place and the Tent of Meeting and the
altar; and he has brought near the goat,
living. And has laid Aaron a pair of hands
upon a head of the goat, living, and has
confessed over him all iniquities of sons of
Israel and all their trespasses for all of their
sins. And he has placed them on a head of
the goat and he has sent away into a hand of
a man, a ready (one), into the wilderness.
And has carried the goat upon himself all
their iniquities unto a land of separation and
he has sent away the goat into the
wilderness.
Leviticus
16:20–22
And [when Aaron] has completed making
atonement for the Holy Place and the Tent of
Meeting and the altar, he will bring near the
living goat. And Aaron will lay two hands upon
the head of the living goat and has confessed
over him all of the iniquities of the sons of
Israel and all their trespasses for all of their
sins. And he has placed them on the head of
the goat and he has sent [the goat] away by
the hand of man-at-the-ready into the
wilderness. And the goat has carried upon
itself all their iniquities to a land of separation
and he has sent the goat away into the
wilderness.
And once Aaron has come to the end of making atonement for the Holy of Holies, the Tent of Meeting and
the Brazen Altar, then he will bring near the remaining goat, the one which is still alive. Aaron will place
his two hands on the head of this goat and then confess before God all of the iniquities of the sons of
Israel, along with all of their trespasses and all of their sins. Ritually, he has transferred these iniquities
to the goat. Then he sends the goat away into the wilderness where it will never by found, by the hand
of a man standing there ready to take the goat away. By this, the goat carries on itself all of the iniquities
of Israel into a separate land, going deep into the uninhabited wilderness.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And he has made an end from covering the holy place and the Tent of Meeting and
the altar; and he has brought near the goat, living. And has laid Aaron a pair of
hands upon a head of the goat, living, and has confessed over him all iniquities of
sons of Israel and all their trespasses for all of their sins. And he has placed them
on a head of the goat and he has sent away into a hand of a man, a ready (one),
into the wilderness. And has carried the goat upon himself all their iniquities unto
a land of separation and he has sent away the goat into the wilderness.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) After he hath cleaned the sanctuary, and the tabernacle, and the altar, then let him
offer the living goat.
And putting both hands upon his head, let him confess all the iniquities of the
children of Israel, and all their offences and sins. And praying that they may light on
its head, he shall turn him out by a man ready for it, into the desert.
And when the goat hath carried all their iniquities into an uninhabited land, and shall
be let go into the desert:...
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "When he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place, the Tabernacle, and the
altar, he shall present the live goat.
Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over him
all the iniquities of the B'nai Yisrael, and all their transgressions, even all their sins;
Leviticus Chapter 16 114
and he shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away into the
wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness.
The goat shall carry all their iniquities on himself to a solitary land, and he shall let
the goat go in the wilderness.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he shall finish making atonement for the sanctuary and for the tabernacle of
witness, and for the altar; and he shall make a cleansing for the priests, and he shall
bring the living goat;
and Aaron shall lay his hands on the head of the live goat, and he shall declare over
him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their unrighteousness, and all
their sins; and he shall lay them upon the head of the live goat, and shall send him
by the hand of a ready man into the wilderness.
And the goat shall bear their unrighteousnesses upon him into a desert land; and
Aaron shall send away the goat into the wilderness.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And when he has done whatever is necessary to make the holy place and the Tent
of meeting and the altar free from sin, let him put the living goat before the Lord;
And Aaron, placing his two hands on the head of the living goat, will make a public
statement over him of all the evil doings of the children of Israel and all their
wrongdoing, in all their sins; and he will put them on the head of the goat and send
him away, in the care of a man who will be waiting there, into the waste land.
And the goat will take all their sins into a land cut off from men, and he will send the
goat away into the waste land.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "So Aaron will make the Most Holy Place, the Meeting Tent, and the altar pure.
Then he will bring the living goat to the front of the tent. He will put both his hands
on the head of the living goat. Then he will confess the sins and crimes of the
Israelites over the goat. In this way Aaron will lay the people's sins on the goat's
head. Then he will send the goat away into the desert. A man will be standing by,
ready to lead this goat away. So the goat will carry all the people's sins on itself into
the empty desert. The man who leads the goat will let it loose in the desert.
God’s Word™"When he finishes making peace with the LORD at the holy place, the tent of
meeting, and the altar, he will bring the living goat forward. Aaron will place both
hands on its head. He will confess over it all the sins, all the rebellious acts, and all
the things the Israelites did wrong. He will transfer them to the goat's head. A man
will be appointed to release the goat in the desert. The goat will take all their sins
away to a deserted place. The man must release the goat in the desert.
Good News Bible (TEV) When Aaron has finished performing the ritual to purify the Most Holy Place, the
rest of the Tent of the LORD's presence, and the altar, he shall present to the
LORD the live goat chosen for Azazel. He shall put both of his hands on the goat's
head and confess over it all the evils, sins, and rebellions of the people of Israel,
and so transfer them to the goat's head. Then the goat is to be driven off into the
desert by someone appointed to do it. The goat will carry all their sins away with
him into some uninhabited land.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
115 The Book of Leviticus
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. After you have purified the most holy place, the sacred tent, and the bronze altar,
you must bring the live goat to the front of the tent. There you will lay your hands
on its head, while confessing every sin the people have committed, and you will
appoint someone to lead the goat into the desert, so that it can take away their sins.
Finally, this goat that carries the heavy burden of Israel's sins must be released
deep in the desert.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified When Aaron has finished purifying the very holy place inside the sacred tent and
all of the sacred tent and the altar, he must bring the goat that was chosen to be set
free. He must put both of his hands on the goat's head and confess all the sins of
the Israelite people. By doing that, he will put the guilt of their sins on the goat's
head. Then he must give the goat to a man who is chosen, and that man will send
the goat out into the wilderness. I will view the goat as carrying away into the
wilderness the guilt for all the sins that the people have committed.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible When Aaron has finished purifying the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting, and
the altar, he is to bring forward the live goat. Then he is to lay both hands on the
head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities and rebellious acts of the
Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to put them on the goat’s head and send
it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man appointed for the task. The goat
will carry on itself all their iniquities into a solitary place, and the man will release it
into the wilderness.
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And when he has ceased making a covering for the sanctuary, and the tent
of appointed meeting, and the altar, he shall bring near the live goat;
And Aaron shall take hold with both his hands on the head of the live goat,
and wave with his hands all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their
transgressions in all their sins, over him, putting them on the head of the goat, and
shall send him away by the hand of an appropriate man into the desert;
And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities to a desert land, and he
shall send away the goat into the desert.
Leviticus Chapter 16 116
International Standard V The Scapegoat Offering
“When he has completed making atonement at the sacred place, the Tent of
Meeting, and the altar, then he is to present the live male goat. Aaron is to lay his
two hands upon the head of the male goat and confess over it the sins of Israel, all
their transgressions, and all their sins, thus placing them on the head of the male
goat that he’ll then send out to the wilderness by the hand of a man capable of
carrying out this task. [The Heb. lacks of carrying out this task] The male goat will bear on
itself all their sins to a solitary land, as Aaron sends the goat out to the wilderness.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text . sinfulness
Urim-Thummim Version When Aaron has made an end of covering the Holy Place in the Tabernacle at the
Appointed Place and the Altar, he will bring the live goat and Aaron will lay both
hands on the head of the live goat. He will confess over Azazel all the depravity of
the children of Israel and all their rebellions of all their sins, putting them upon the
head of the he-goat (Azazel) and will send him away by the hand of a prepared man
into the uninhabited land. And the he-goat will carry upon him all their depravities
to a separate place and he will cast out the he-goat in the uninhabited land.
Wikipedia Bible Project And he finished atoning over the holy-place, and the tent of events, and the altar,
and he sacrificed the living goat. And Aaron rested both his hands on the head of
the living goat, and attested to him over all the ill-deeds of the sons of Israel, and
all their crimes, to all their sins; and he placed them on the head of the goat. And
he sent it in the hand of an appointed man to the steppes. And the he-goat carried
upon it all their ill-deeds to a cut-off land, and he sent out the goat to the desert..
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) When he has finished making atone ment for the Holy Place, for the Tent of
Meeting and for the altar, he shall bring forward the live goat. He shall lay his hands
on the head of the goat and confess over it all the wickedness of the sons of Israel
and all the sins they have committed against me. So he will charge them on the
head of the goat and send it away to the wilderness by the hand of an assistant.
So the goat will carry away all their wickedness to an arid land, when the man
releases it in the wilderness.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And when he has finished atoning for the Set-apart Place, and the Tent of
Appointment, and the slaughter-place, he shall bring the live goat.
“Then Aharon shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and shall
confess over it all the crookednesses of the children of Yisra’ìl, and all their
transgressions in all their sins, and shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall
send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a fit man.
117 The Book of Leviticus
“And the goat shall bear on itself all their crookednesses, to a land cut off. Thus he
shall send the goat away into the wilderness.
Tree of Life Version “When he has finished atoning for the Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting and the altar,
then he is to present the live goat. Aaron should lay both his hands on the head of
the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of Bnei-Yisrael and all their
transgressions, all their sins. He should place them on the head of the goat and
send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness. The
goat will carry all their iniquities by itself into a solitary land and he is to leave the
goat in the wilderness.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible . witness
Awful Scroll Bible As he is to have completed to cover over in that set apart, and to the tent of the
appointed place, at its altar, he is to have brought near the live young goat,
Aaron is to have rested both his hands, upon the head of the live young goat, even
is he to have confessed the iniquities of the sons of Isra-el, and the transgressions
of their misses of the mark, and is to have put them on the head of the young goat,
and is to have let it loose into the wilderness, by the hand of a moral man.
The young goat is to have bore up their iniquities, to banished solid grounds, even
is he to have let the young goat loose into the wilderness.
Concordant Literal Version When he has finished making a propitiatory shelter for the holy place and the tent
of appointment and the altar, he will bring near the live hairy goat.
Aaron will support his two hands on the head of the live hairy goat, confess over it
all the depravities of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions in all their sins
and put them on the head of the hairy goat and send it away by the hand of a ready
man to the wilderness.
Thus the hairy goat will bear on it all their depravities to an inaccessible land, and
he will send the hairy goat free into the wilderness.
exeGeses companion Bible And when he finishes to kapar/atone in the holies
and the tent of the congregation and the sacrifice altar
he oblates the live buck:
and Aharon props his two hands
on the head of the live buck
and wrings hands over him
for all the perversities of the sons of Yisra El
and all their rebellions in all their sins
and gives them on the head of the buck;
and by the hand of a timely man
sends him away into the wilderness:
and the buck bears all their perversities on himself
to a land of separation:
and he sends away the buck in the wilderness.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And when he hath finished making kapporah for HaKodesh, and the Ohel Mo'ed,
and the Mizbe'ach, he shall bring the live goat;
And Aharon shall lay both his hands upon the rosh (head) of the live goat,
v'hitvaddah (and confess) over him kol avonot Bnei Yisroel, and all their peysha'im
in all their chattot, putting them upon the rosh of the goat, and shall send him away
by the hand of a designated man into the midbar;
And the goat nasah (shall carry, see Isaiah 53:12) upon him all their avonot unto an
eretz gezerah (uninhabited, solitary place); and he shall release the goat in the
midbar.
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
Leviticus Chapter 16 118
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And he shall finish making atonement for the sanctuary and the tent of assembly
and the altar; then [Or “and”] he shall present the living goat. And Aaron shall place
his two hands on the living goat’s head, and he shall confess over it all the
Israelites’ [Literally “of the sons/of the children of Israel”] iniquities and all their transgressions
for all their sins, and he shall put them on the goat’s head, and he shall send it [The
direct object is supplied from context in the English translation] away into the desert with [Literally
“by the hand of”] a man standing ready. [Or “at hand”] Thus [Or “And”] the goat shall bear
on it to a barren region [Literally “a land of separation” or “a land of infertility”] all their guilt, and
he shall send the goat away into the desert.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation When he thus finishes making atonement in the [inner] sanctuary, in the
Communion Tent, and on the altar, he shall present the live goat.
Aaron shall press both his hands on the live goat's head, and he shall confess on
it all the Israelites' sins, rebellious acts and inadvertent misdeeds. When he has
thus placed them on the goat's head, he shall send it to the desert with a specially
prepared man.
The goat will thus carry all the sins away to a desolate area when it is sent to the
desert.
When he...
(cf. Saadia).
sins, rebellious acts...
(Yoma 36b).
When he has...
(cf. Saadia).
specially prepared man
(Yoma 66a; Rashi). Iti in Hebrew.
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. And #when he hath made an end of covering by propitiation the holy place, and the
tent of meeting6 and the altar$ then shall heb bring near the living goat.
And Aaron shall lean his two hands6 upon the head of the living goat, and confess
over him6 all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions6 to the
extent of all their sins,—and shall put them upon the head of the goat, and then
send him away6 by the hand of a man appointed6 towards the desert:c so shall the
goat bear upon him all their iniquities6 into a lone! land,d—and he shall set the goat
free6 in the desert.e
b Or: “one.”
c Or: “wilderness.”
d Or: “land of seclusion; or (ml.) “of cutting off.”
e Or: “wilderness.”
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
119 The Book of Leviticus
A Faithful Version And when he has made an end of reconciling the sanctuary and the tabernacle of
the congregation and the altar, he shall bring the live goat. And Aaron shall lay both
his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the sins of the
children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them on the
head of the goat, and shall send it away by the hand of a chosen man into the
wilderness. And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities to a land in which
no one lives. And he shall let the goat go in the wilderness.
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT And when he hath finished making atonement for the sanctuary, and for the
tabernacle of the testimony, and the altar, and hath made purification for the priests,
then he shall bring forward the living goat,
and Aaron shall lay his hands on the head of the live goat, and over it make
confession of all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and of all their
transgressions, and all their sins, and lay them on the head of the live goat, and
send him away by the hand of a man ready for the purpose, into the wilderness.
And the goat shall bear away upon him their iniquities to an untrodden land. And
having sent away the goat into the wilderness,
Aaron shall go into the tabernacle of the testimony, and put off his linen raiment
which he had on when he went into the holy place, and shall lay it up there. V. 23
is included for context.
Context Group Version And when he has made an end of atoning for the special place, and the tent of
meeting, and the altar, he shall present the live goat: and Aaron shall lay both his
hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the
sons of Israel, and all their transgressions, even all their disgraceful acts; and he
shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a
man that is in readiness into the wilderness: and the goat shall carry on him all their
iniquities to a solitary land: and he shall let the goat go into the wilderness.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version And he has ceased from making atonement [for] the holy place, and the Tent of
Meeting, and the altar, and has brought the living goat near;
and Aaron has laid his two hands on the head of the living goat, and has confessed
over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their
sins, and has put them on the head of the goat, and has sent [it] away by the hand
of a ready man into the wilderness;
and the goat has borne on himself all their iniquities to a land of separation. And he
has sent the goat away into the wilderness,...
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And when he has made an end of atoning for the holy place and the tent of meeting
and the altar, he will present the live goat.
And Aaron will lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over
him all the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions, even all their
sins. And he will put them upon the head of the goat and will send him away by the
hand of a man who is in readiness into the wilderness.
And the goat will bear upon him all their iniquities to a solitary land. And he will let
the goat go in the wilderness.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and he will finish making a covering for the special place and the appointed tent
and the altar, and he will bring near the living hairy goat, and Aharon will support his
two hands upon the head of the living hairy goat, and he will confess upon him all
Leviticus Chapter 16 120
the twistedness of the sons of Yisra'eyl and all their offenses for all their failures,
and he will place them upon the head of the hairy goat, and he will send it by the
hand of a ready man unto the wilderness, and the hairy goat will lift up upon himself
all their twistedness to the uninhabited land, and he will send the hairy goat into the
wilderness,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
20-22
Leviticus 16:20
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâlâh (ëÌÈìÈä) [pronounced
kaw-LAWH]
to complete, to finish; to prepare; to
come to an end; to consume, to
waste, to destroy, to annihilate; to
make pine away
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3615
BDB #477
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, off, out from, out of, away
from, on account of, since, than,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
Piel infinitive Strong's #3722
BDB #497
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy, set
apart] place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
121 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:20
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
qârab (÷ÈøÇá) [pronounced
kaw-RABV]
to cause to approach, to bring
[draw] near, to bring, to offer; to
bring together; to cause to
withdraw, to remove
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect
Strong #7126
BDB #897
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
chay (çÇé) [pronounced
KHAH-ee]
living, alive, active, lively, vigorous
[used of man or animals]; green
[vegetation]; fresh [used of a plant];
flowing [water]; reviving [of the
springtime]; raw [flesh]
adjective; can be used
as a substantive;
masculine singular
noun; with the definite
article
Strong's #2416
BDB #311
Translation: And [when Aaron] has completed making atonement for the Holy Place and the Tent of Meeting and
the altar, he will bring near the living goat.
Aaron has been going through various ceremonial practices, like sprinkling the blood on the altar, and he comes
to the end of doing that. Then he brings the second goat, the goat which is alive, into the picture.
Leviticus 16:20 And [when Aaron] has completed making atonement for the Holy Place and the Tent of Meeting
and the altar, he will bring near the living goat. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus Chapter 16 122
These things are earthly items which are not holy in themselves; by the blood, Aaron makes all things holy, or set
apart to God by cleansing them with the blood which stands for the blood of our Lord. Then he approaches God
with the live goat.
Leviticus 16:21a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
çâmake (ñÈîÇêÓ)
[pronounced saw-
MAHKe]
to lean, to rest; to uphold, to
support, to sustain, to aid; to place,
to lay [something upon something
else]; to approach
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #5564
BDB #701
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
shenêy (ùÀðÅé) [pronounced
shen-Â]
two, two of, a pair of, a duo of; both
of
numeral, feminine dual
construct
Strong’s #8147
BDB #1040
yâdayim (éÈãÇéÄí)
[pronounced yaw-dah-
YIHM]
[two] hands; both hands figuratively
for strength, power, control of a
particular person
feminine dual noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #3027
BDB #388
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
rô(sh (øÉàù or øÉàÆù)
[pronounced rohsh]
head [of a man, city, state, nation,
place, family, priest], top [of a
mountain]; chief, prince, officer;
front, choicest, best; first; height [of
stars]; sum, census
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #7218
BDB #910
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
chay (çÇé) [pronounced
KHAH-ee]
living, alive, active, lively, vigorous
[used of man or animals]; green
[vegetation]; fresh [used of a plant];
flowing [water]; reviving [of the
springtime]; raw [flesh]
adjective; can be used
as a substantive;
masculine singular
noun; with the definite
article
Strong's #2416
BDB #311
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
123 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:21a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
yâdâh (éÈãÈä) [pronounced
yaw-DAWH]
to confess, to show oneself as
guilty; to object, to cast against; to
praise, to celebrate
3rd person masculine
singular, Hithpael
perfect
Strong’s #3034
BDB #392
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside
preposition of proximity
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
)âvôwn (òÈååÉï) [pronounced
ìaw-VOHN]
iniquity, crime, offense,
transgression, depraved action,
guilt, punishment from wrongdoing
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #5771
BDB #730
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children; people;
sometimes rendered men; young
men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier of
God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper
noun; God-given name
to Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
pesha) (ôÌÆùÇò)
[pronounced PEH-
shahì]
violation, infraction, disobedience,
insubordination, rebellion,
transgression, trespass
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #6588
BDB #833
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
Leviticus Chapter 16 124
Leviticus 16:21a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
Translation: And Aaron will lay two hands upon the head of the living goat and has confessed over him all of the
iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their trespasses for all of their sins.
Aaron places his two hand on the head of the live goat and he publically confesses all the iniquities, sins and
trespasses of the sons of Israel. Logically, since there are two million Hebrew people with him, Moses could be
naming specific sins for weeks. For this reason, if any specifics are given, Aaron will name specific sinful trends
of the people which have been obvious to all.
Leviticus 16:21b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâthan (ðÈúÇï) [pronounced
naw-THAHN]
to give, to grant, to place, to put, to
set; to make
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #5414
BDB #678
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
them; untranslated mark of a direct
object; occasionally to them, toward
them
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
rô(sh (øÉàù or øÉàÆù)
[pronounced rohsh]
head [of a man, city, state, nation,
place, family, priest], top [of a
mountain]; chief, prince, officer;
front, choicest, best; first; height [of
stars]; sum, census
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #7218
BDB #910
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
shâlach (ùÈìÇç)
[pronounced shaw-
LAKH]
to send, to send off, to send away,
to dismiss, to give over, to cast out,
to let go, to set free, to shoot forth
[branches], to shoot [an arrow]
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong’s #7971
BDB #1018
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
125 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:21b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
yâd (éÈã) [pronounced
yawd]generally translated hand feminine singular
construct
Strong's #3027
BDB #388
This combination of the bêyth preposition and hand literally means in a hand of, in [the] hand of; and can be
rendered into the hand [s] of; by the hand of; in [under] the power [control] of, in the possession of; by the power
of; with; through, by, by means of; before, in the sight of.
(îysh (àÄéù) [pronounced
eesh]
a man, a husband; anyone; a certain
one; each, each one, each man,
everyone
masculine singular
noun (sometimes
found where we would
use a plural)
Strong's #376
BDB #35
#ittîy (òÄúÄÌé) [pronounced
it-TEE] timely, ready masculine singular
adjective
Strong’s #6261
BDB #774 (hapax
legomenon)
midebâr (îÄãÀáÈø)
[pronounced mide-
BAWR]
into the wilderness, toward the
unpopulated wilderness, toward the
desert wilderness; into the mouth
masculine singular
noun with directional
hê; with the definite
article
Strong’s #4057
BDB #184
Translation: And he has placed them on the head of the goat and he has sent [the goat] away by the hand of
man-at-the-ready into the wilderness.
The description of the man varies from translation to translation because the adjective describing this man occurs
only one time and that is here. It is the word #ittîy (òÄúÄÌé) [pronounced ìit-TEE], which means, timely, ready. It is very
close to the word )âthîyd (òÈúÄéã) [pronounced ìaw-THEED] (Strong’s #6264 (&6259) BDB #800) so some
translators give them the exact same meaning. Whereas the latter word has a verb cognate to help fix its
meaning, this word does not. There prepared is a reasonable, but not necessarily accurate guess as to the
adjective used here.
Ritually, Aaron has placed all of the sins on the head of this goat. Then he sends the goat away. There is a man
there, at-the-ready, to help with this process. That man will walk the goat into the wilderness.
This goat represents God removing our sins far from us, the idea being that God will never consider these sins
again.
Leviticus 16:21 And Aaron will lay two hands upon the head of the living goat and has confessed over him all of
the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their trespasses for all of their sins. And he has placed them on the head
of the goat and he has sent [the goat] away by the hand of man-at-the-ready into the wilderness. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
This verse tells us exactly what was done with the scape goat. Aaron lays both of his hands on the head of the
goat and all of the sins of Israel are transferred from Israel to the goat; then the goat will be taken by a man who
will free the goat in the wilderness. The goat will in this way take the sins of Israel far from Israel. As far as the
east is from the west, so far has He removed our transgressions from us (Psalm 103:12). The Egyptians had a
practice when offering sacrifices to place their hands on the head that so that evil may not fall upon them but upon
the head of the animal being sacrificed.23 This is not something which the Jews copied from the Egyptians, but
23 Freeman, p. 91.
Leviticus Chapter 16 126
a similar symbol used by God that the Jews were familiar with; much like language of accommodation, this was
symbol or type by accommodation.
Leviticus 16:22
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nâsâ( (ðÈùÒÈà) [pronounced
naw-SAW]to lift up, to bear, to carry 3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #5375
BDB #669
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside
preposition of proximity
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
)âvôwn (òÈååÉï) [pronounced
ìaw-VOHN]
iniquity, crime, offense,
transgression, depraved action,
guilt, punishment from wrongdoing
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5771
BDB #730
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
(erets (àÆøÆõ) [pronounced
EH-rets]
earth (all or a portion thereof), land,
territory, country, continent; ground,
soil; under the ground [Sheol]
feminine singular
construct
Strong's #776
BDB #75
gezêrâh (âÀæÅøÈä)
[pronounced ghez-ay-
RAWH]
a separation, a separate place;
uninhabited region, desert
feminine singular
adjective
Strong’s #1509
BDB #160 hapax
legomenon
This word is closely related to the verb gâzar (âÌÈæÇø) [pronounced gaw-ZAHR], which means, to be cut off,
separated, excluded; to be destroyed, cut off. Strong's #1504 BDB #160.
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
shâlach (ùÈìÇç)
[pronounced shaw-
LAKH]
to send, to send off, to send away,
to dismiss, to give over, to cast out,
to let go, to set free, to shoot forth
[branches], to shoot [an arrow]
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong’s #7971
BDB #1018
127 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:22
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
midebâr (îÄãÀáÈø)
[pronounced mide-
BAWR]
into the wilderness, toward the
unpopulated wilderness, toward the
desert wilderness; into the mouth
masculine singular
noun with directional
hê; with the definite
article
Strong’s #4057
BDB #184
Translation: And the goat has carried upon itself all their iniquities to a land of separation and he has sent the
goat away into the wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Just as our Lord took all of our sins upon Himself; He bore our sins in His own body on the tree (1Peter 2:24a).
The solitary land is into the earth when our Lord's body went into the ground, His Spirit into heaven, and his soul
to preach to the souls in Tartarus (Luke 23:43, 46, 53).24 This solitary land (Rotherham calls it lone land and
footnotes land of seclusion), is Tartarus to us; where all the souls are kept until the resurrection of our Lord Jesus
Christ. In fact, it is probably better translated land of separation; the word is gezêrâh (âÀæÅøÈä) [pronounced ghez-ay-
RAWH] Strong’s #1509 BDB #160. Although this word is found nowhere else in the Old Testament, it is closely
related to gâzar (âÌÈæÇø) [pronounced gaw-ZAHR], and this means to cut, to divide, to decree. Strong's #1504 BDB
#160. This is where our Lord went upon His resurrection, into the solitary land—the land of seclusion, with
reference to those who are still alive.
Leviticus 16:22 And the goat has carried upon itself all their iniquities to a land of separation and he has sent the
goat away into the wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
The goat symbolically carries this sins on its head as it is guided into a separate, uninhabited land. In this way,
the sins of Israel will be taken far away from Israel.
Leviticus 16:20–22 And [when Aaron] has completed making atonement for the Holy Place and the Tent of
Meeting and the altar, he will bring near the living goat. And Aaron will lay two hands upon the head of the living
goat and has confessed over him all of the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their trespasses for all of their
sins. And he has placed them on the head of the goat and he has sent [the goat] away by the hand of man-at-the-
ready into the wilderness. And the goat has carried upon itself all their iniquities to a land of separation and he
has sent the goat away into the wilderness. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus 16:20–22 And once Aaron has come to the end of making atonement for the Holy of Holies, the Tent
of Meeting and the Brazen Altar, then he will bring near the remaining goat, the one which is still alive. Aaron will
place his two hands on the head of this goat and then confess before God all of the iniquities of the sons of Israel,
along with all of their trespasses and all of their sins. Ritually, he has transferred these iniquities to the goat. Then
he sends the goat away into the wilderness where it will never by found, by the hand of a man standing there ready
24 This in itself is quite a study.
Leviticus Chapter 16 128
to take the goat away. By this, the goat carries on itself all of the iniquities of Israel into a separate land, going
deep into the uninhabited wilderness. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
And has come in Aaron unto a Tent of
Meeting and has stripped off garments of
white linen which he had worn in his coming
into the Holy Place; and he has set them
down there. And he has washed his flesh in
the waters in a place, sacred, and he has put
on his garments. And he has come out and
he has made his burnt offering and a burnt
offering of the people, and he has covered
over for himself and for the people. And fat
of the sin-offering he has caused to burn [or
smoke] upon the altar.
Leviticus
16:23–25
Then Aaron has come into the Tent of Meeting
and he has stripped off his white linen
garments which he had worn coming into the
Holy Place. He will set them down there. And
he has washed his body in the waters in [that]
sacred place and he has put on his garments
[again]. Then he has come out and he has
made his burnt offering and a burnt offering
for the people, and he has [thus] atoned for
himself and for the people. And he will cause
the fat of the sin-offering to burn [or smoke]
upon the altar.
After the goat has been led away, Aaron will go back into the Tent of meeting and take off his white linen
priestly clothing which he worn coming into this Holy Place. He will set them down there and wash
himself with waters in that sacred place. Then he will put his clothing back on and come back out again.
He will then make a burnt offering on behalf of himself and on behalf of the people. After he has atoned
for himself and the people, he will take the fat from this sin-offering and cause it to be smoked upon the
altar.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And has come in Aaron unto a Tent of Meeting and has stripped off garments of
white linen which he had worn in his coming into the Holy Place; and he has set
them down there. And he has washed his flesh in the waters in a place, sacred,
and he has put on his garments. And he has come out and he has made his burnt
offering and a burnt offering of the people, and he has covered over for himself and
for the people. And fat of the sin-offering he has caused to burn [or smoke] upon
the altar.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) Aaron shall return into the tabernacle of the testimony, and putting off the
vestments, which he had on him before when he entered into the sanctuary, and
leaving them there,
He shall wash his flesh in the holy place, and shall put on his own garments. And
after that he is come out and hath offered his own holocaust, and that of the people,
he shall pray both for himself, and for the people.
And the fat that is offered for sins, he shall burn on the altar.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "Aaron shall come into the Tabernacle, and shall take off the linen garments, which
he put on when he went into the Holy Place, and shall leave them there.
129 The Book of Leviticus
Then he shall bathe himself in water in a holy place, and put on his garments, and
come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, and make
atonement for himself and for the people.
The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And Aaron shall enter into the tabernacle of witness, and shall put off the linen
garment, which he had put on, as he entered into the holy place, and shall lay it by
there.
And he shall bathe his body in water in the holy place, and shall put on his
garments, and shall go out and offer the whole burnt offering for himself and the
whole burnt offering for the people: and shall make atonement for himself and for
his house, and for the people, as for the priests.
And he shall offer the fat for the sin-offering on the altar.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English Then let Aaron come into the Tent of meeting and take off the linen clothing which
he put on when he went into the holy place, and put them down there;
And after bathing his body in water in a holy place, he is to put on his clothing and
come out and give his burned offering and the burned offering of the people, to take
away his sin and the sin of the people.
And the fat of the sin-offering is to be burned by him on the altar.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "Then Aaron will enter the Meeting Tent. He will take off the linen clothes that he put
on when he went into the Holy Place. He will leave these clothes there. He will
wash his whole body with water in a holy place. Then he will put on his clothes. He
will come out and offer his burnt offering and the people's burnt offering. He will
make himself and the people pure. Then he will burn the fat of the sin offering on
the altar.
God’s Word™"Then Aaron will go to the tent of meeting, take off the linen clothes he had put on
to go into the holy place, and leave them there. He will wash his body in the holy
place and put on his other clothes. Then he will come out and sacrifice the burnt
offering for himself and for the people to make peace with the LORD for his own
sins and the sins of the people. He will burn the fat of the offering for sin on the
altar.
Good News Bible (TEV) Then Aaron shall go into the Tent, take off the priestly garments that he had put on
before entering the Most Holy Place, and leave them there. He must take a bath
in a holy place and put on his own clothes. After that, he shall go out and offer the
burnt offering to remove his own sins and those of the people. He shall burn on the
altar the fat of the animal for the sin offering.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Leviticus Chapter 16 130
Contemporary English V. Aaron, after this you must go inside the sacred tent, take a bath, put on your regular
priestly clothes, and leave there the clothes you put on before entering the most
holy place. Then you will come out and offer sacrifices to please me and sacrifices
for your sins and for the sins of the people. The fat from these sacrifices for sin
must be sent up in smoke on the bronze altar.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified When Aaron leaves the very holy place and goes into the other part of the sacred
tent, he must take off the linen clothes that he had put on; he must leave those
special clothes there. Then he must bathe in a sacred place, put on his regular
clothes, and sacrifice the animals that he will burn whole on the altar, for his own
sins and for the sins of the Israelite people. Then Yahweh will forgive their sins. He
must also burn on the altar all the fat of the two animals that were sacrificed.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And Aaron shall come into the tent of appointed meeting, and shall put off the
linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall deposit
them there.
And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his
garments, and go out, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the
people, and make a covering for himself, and for the people.
And he shall burn the fat of the sin offering as perfumed incense upon the
altar.
International Standard V “Then Aaron is to enter the Tent of Meeting, taking off his white linen clothes that
he had put on when he entered the sacred place and leaving them there. He is to
wash his body with water at the sacred place and put on his clothes. Then he is to
go out, offer a whole burnt offering for himself and a whole burnt offering for the
people, thereby making atonement on account of himself and on account of the
people.
“As to the fat from the burnt offering, he is to incinerate it on the altar.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text Then Aaron must go back into the tent of meeting and take off the linen garments
that he had put on before going into the most holy place, and he must leave those
garments there. He must bathe his body in water in a holy place, and put on his
normal garments; then he must go out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt
131 The Book of Leviticus
offering for the people, and in this way make atonement for himself and for the
people. He must burn the fat of the sin offering on the altar.
Urim-Thummim Version Then Aaron will come into the Tabernacle at the Appointed Place and will strip off
the linen garments that he put on when he went into the Holy Place and will leave
them there. And he will wash his body with water in the Holy Place and put on his
garments and come out to offer his whole Burnt-Offering and the Burnt-Offering of
the people and make Propitiatory-Covering for himself, and for the people. The fat
of the Sin- Offering he will burn as sacrifice on the Altar.
Wikipedia Bible Project And Aaron comes to the tent of events, and he will disrobe of the linen clothes
which he wore in coming into the holy place, and he placed them there. And he
washed his flesh in water in a holy place, and he wore his clothes, and he exited,
and he made his raised-offer and the people's raised-offer, and atones for himself,
and for the people. And the sinstuff fat, he will grill on the altar.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) Then Aaron is to go into the Tent of Meet ing and take off the linen garments he had
put on before he entered the sacred place. He shall leave them there, bathe himself
with water in a sacred place and put on his clothes. After that he will come out and
sacrifice the burnt offering for himself and the burnt offering for the people to make
atonement for himself and the people. The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on
the altar.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “Aharon shall then come into the Tent of Appointment, and shall take off the linen
garments which he put on when he went into the Set-apart Place, and shall leave
them there.
“And he shall bathe his body in water in the set-apart place, and shall put on his
garments, and shall come out and prepare his ascending offering and the
ascending offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the
people,
and burn the fat of the sin offering on the slaughter-place.
Tree of Life Version .
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible . rainment
Awful Scroll Bible Aaron is to have come into the tent of the appointed place, and stripped off his linen
garments, he is to have worn to go into that set apart, and is to have set them down
there.
He is to have bathe his flesh with water, in that set apart, and is to have put on his
garments and came out, and is to have prepared his whole burnt offering, and the
whole burnt offering for the people, even is he to have covered over for the people.
The fat for the misses of the mark, was he to make a smoky burning of on the altar.
Leviticus Chapter 16 132
Concordant Literal Version Then Aaron will enter the tent of appointment and strip off the linen garments which
he put on when he came into the holy place, and he will leave them there.
He will bathe his flesh in water in a holy place, put on his garments, go forth, make
his ascent offering and the ascent offering of the people and thus make a
propitiatory shelter about himself and about the people.
The fat of the sin offering shall he cause to fume on the altar.
exeGeses companion Bible And Aharon goes into the tent of the congregation
and strips the linen clothes
he enrobes when he goes into the holies;
and sets them there:
and he baptizes his flesh in water in the holies
and enrobes his clothes;
and comes and works his holocaust
and the holocaust of the people
and kapars/atones for himself and for the people:
and he incenses the fat of that for the sin
on the sacrifice altar.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And Aharon shall come into the Ohel Mo'ed, and shall put off the linen garments,
which he put on when he went into HaKodesh, and shall leave them there;
And he shall wash his basar with mayim in the Makom Kadosh, and put on his
garments, come out, and offer his olah and the olah of HaAm, and make kapporah
for himself, and for HaAm.
And the chelev of the chattat shall he burn upon the Mizbe'ach.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. Then shall Aaron come into the tent of meeting, and put off the linen! garments
which he put on when he came into the holy place,—and shall leave them there;
and shall bathe his flesh in water6 in a holy place, and put on his [other]
garments,—and go forth6 and offer his own ascending-sacrifice6 and the ascending-
sacrifice of the people, so shall he put a propitiatory-covering about himself6 and
about the people; and <with the fat of the sin-bearer> shall he make a perfume at
the altar.
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And Aaron shall enter the tent of assembly, and he shall take off the linen
garments that he put on at his coming to the sanctuary, and he shall leave them
there. And he shall wash his body with water in a holy place, and he shall put on
his garments and go out and sacrifice [Literally “he shall do” or “he shall make”] his burnt
offering and the people’s burnt offering, and so he shall make atonement for himself
and for people. And he must turn into smoke the sin offering’s fat on the altar.
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation Aaron shall then go into the Communion Tent, and take off the white linen
vestments that he wore when he entered the [inner] sanctuary. He shall leave [these
vestments] there.
133 The Book of Leviticus
He shall immerse his body in a mikvah in the sanctified area, and put on his
[regular] vestments. He shall then go out and complete his own burnt offering and
the people's burnt offering, thus atoning for himself and the people.
He shall [also] burn the choice parts of the sin offering on the altar.
burnt offering
The rams mentioned in Leviticus 16:3,5.
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT Aaron shall go into the tabernacle of the testimony, and put off his linen raiment
which he had on when he went into the holy place, and shall lay it up there. And he
shall wash his body with water, in a holy place, and put on his robe, and come forth,
and offer his own whole burnt offering, and the whole burnt offering of the people,
and made atonement for himself and his household, and for the people, as well as
for the priests; and shall offer up the suet of the sin offerings on the altar.
Context Group Version And Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting, and shall put off the linen garments,
which he put on when he went into the special place, and shall leave them there:
and he shall bathe his flesh in water in a special place, and put on his garments,
and come out, and offer his ascension [offering] and the ascension [offering] of the
people, and make atonement for himself and for the people. And the fat of the
purification-offering he shall burn on the altar.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version .
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And Aaron will come into the tent of meeting and will put off the linen garments,
which he put on when he went into the holy place and will leave them there. And
he will bathe his flesh in water in a holy place and put on his garments and come
out and offer his burnt-offering and the burnt-offering of the people and make
atonement for himself and for the people. And he will burn upon the altar the fat of
the sin-offering.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and Aharon will come to the appointed tent and he will strip off the garments of
strand which he wore in his coming to the special place, and he will make them rest
there, and he will bathe his flesh in the waters in the unique area, and he will wear
his garments, and he will go out and he will do his ascension offering and the
ascension offering of the people, and he will make restitution on his behalf and on
behalf of the people, and the fat of the failure he will burn as incense upon the
altar,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Leviticus Chapter 16 134
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
23-25
Leviticus 16:23
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to go,
to enter, to advance; to attain
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(Ahãrôn (àÇäÂøÉï)
[pronounced ah-huh-
ROHN]
transliterated Aaron masculine proper noun Strong’s #175
BDB #14
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
pâshaþ (ôÌÈùÇè)
[pronounced paw-
SHAHT]
to spread out; to strip, to plunder, to
unclothe; to flay, to remove the
skin; in war, means, to raid, to
invade, to make a vicious attack;
along the lines of flaying the skin
off an animal
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #6584
BDB #832
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing,
apparel; possibly blankets
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #906
BDB #94
135 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:23
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
lâbash (ìÈáÇù)
[pronounced lawb-
VAHSH]
to put on, to clothe, to be clothed,
to wear
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3847
BDB #527
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
When the bêyth preposition is followed by an infinitive, it forms a periphrasis for the gerund and is commonly
expressed by the conjunctions while, when, in that, after that, if, though, even if.25
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to go,
to enter, to advance; to attain
Qal infinitive with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy
thing; possibly, a sacred [holy, set
apart] place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
nûwach (ðåÌçÇ)
[pronounced NOO-ahkh]
to deposit, to set down; to cause to
rest [to set down]; to let remain, to
leave; to depart from; to abandon;
to permit
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil perfect;
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5117
(and #3240) BDB
#628
shâm (ùÈí) [pronounced
shawm]
there; at that time, then; therein, in
that thing adverb of place Strong’s #8033
BDB #1027
Translation: Then Aaron has come into the Tent of Meeting and he has stripped off his white linen garments
which he had worn coming into the Holy Place. He will set them down there.
After Aaron has completed the ceremony with the goats, he goes into the Tent of Meeting, remove his white linen
priestly garments, and set them down there. This is the clothing which he wore when coming to work that day.
Leviticus 16:23 Then Aaron has come into the Tent of Meeting and he has stripped off his white linen garments
which he had worn coming into the Holy Place. He will set them down there. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
What is being taught here is amazing. And after these things, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but
a secret [one], for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate granted
25 Okay, a periphrasis is a round about way of speaking or saying something. A gerund is a verb which often functions as a
noun (in English, our gerunds often end in ing).
Leviticus Chapter 16 136
permission. He came therefore, and took away His body. And Nicodemus came also, who had first come face
to face with Him by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. And so they took the
body of Jesus and bound it in linen wrappings with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. Now in the
place where He was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet been
laid. Therefore, on account of the day of preparation, because the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there...and
he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb...and looking up, they saw that the tomb had been rolled away,
although it was extremely large...[John] cam to the tomb first [before Peter], and stooping and looking in, he saw
the linen wrappings laying; he he did not go in. Simon Peter therefore also arrived, following him, and entered the
tomb and he looked at the linen wrappings laying; and the face-cloth, which had been on His head, not lying with
the linen wrappings, but rolled up in a place by itself (John 19:38–41 Mark 14:46b John 20:4b–7). Just as our
Lord was resurrected and left his linen wrappings in His tomb, so Aaron would leave his linen clothing behind in
the Tabernacle after the symbolic offerings for our sins. Furthermore, Our Lord would shed His covering, His
human body in the grave, so to speak; and He was resurrected into a spiritual body. The seed for his resurrection
body, that is, His human body, died, was placed into the ground, and was resurrected as a new body.26 That which
was human and temporal was left behind and He took up a new body. Obviously, his body went through a
transformation of sorts to one that was capable of walking through closed doors and of vertical ascent. Aaron,
in the same way, left his covering behind once the sacrifice for the day of atonement had been completed.
Leviticus 16:24a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
râchats (øÈçÇõ)
[pronounced raw-
BAHTS]
to wash, to bathe (oneself), to wash
off (away); possibly to declare
oneself innocent
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #7364
BDB #934
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft portions
of the] body; animal meat
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mayim (îÇéÄí)
[pronounced mah-YIHM]water (s) masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4325
BDB #565
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mâqôwm (îÈ÷åÉí)
[pronounced maw-
KOHM]
place, situated; for a soldier, it may
mean where he is stationed; for
people in general, it would be their
place of abode (which could be their
house or their town)
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #4725
BDB #879
26 See I Cor. 15:35–48.
137 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:24a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
qâdôwsh (÷ÈãåÉù)
[pronounced kaw-
DOWSH]
sacred, holy, set apart, sacrosanct masculine singular
adjective
Strong's #6918
BDB #872
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâbash (ìÈáÇù)
[pronounced lawb-
VAHSH]
to put on, to clothe, to be clothed, to
wear
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3847
BDB #527
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing, apparel;
possibly blankets
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
Translation: And he has washed his body in the waters in [that] sacred place and he has put on his garments
[again].
He will wash himself with water while in that sacred place (he is not in the Holy of Holies but in the sanctuary) and
he will put his clothing back on. I am assuming that he does not change into his street clothes for two reasons:
(1) they are not there, as he wore his priestly clothing when coming to work. (2) He is going to perform more
priestly duties, so these would properly be done wearing his priestly garb.
Leviticus 16:24b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
yâtsâ( (éÈöÈà) [pronounced
yaw-TZAWH]
to go [come] out, to go [come] forth;
to rise; to flow, to gush up [out]
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #3318
BDB #422
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture; accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
Leviticus Chapter 16 138
Leviticus 16:24b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
)ôlâh (òÉìÈä) [pronounced
ìo-LAW]burnt offering, ascending offering
feminine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong #5930
BDB #750
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
)ôlâh (òÉìÈä) [pronounced
ìo-LAW]burnt offering, ascending offering feminine singular
construct
Strong #5930
BDB #750
)am (òÇí) [pronounced
ìahm]
people; race, tribe; family, relatives;
citizens, common people;
companions, servants; entire human
race; herd [of animals]
masculine singular
collective noun with the
definite article
Strong’s #5971
BDB #766
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness; with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
ba)ad (áÌÇòÇã) [pronounced
BAH-ìad]
by, near; because of; behind, after;
about, round about; between [two
things], through; into, among; pro,
for; away from, behind; on behalf of
generally a preposition
of separation or
nearness
Strong's #1157
BDB #126
)am (òÇí) [pronounced
ìahm]
people; race, tribe; family, relatives;
citizens, common people;
companions, servants; entire human
race; herd [of animals]
masculine singular
collective noun with the
definite article
Strong’s #5971
BDB #766
Translation: Then he has come out and he has made his burnt offering and a burnt offering for the people, and
he has [thus] atoned for himself and for the people.
139 The Book of Leviticus
He will come out of the Tent of Meeting and make another burnt offering for himself and for the people. I am not
sure I know what animal is offered up at this point.
Leviticus 16:24 And he has washed his body in the waters in [that] sacred place and he has put on his garments
[again]. Then he has come out and he has made his burnt offering and a burnt offering for the people, and he
has [thus] atoned for himself and for the people. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Our Lord took upon Himself our sins and was judged for our sins in His body on the cross. However, when He
was raised from the dead, He was raised free of these sins, which had been paid for. Aaron's cleansing and
putting on his garments and emerging from the Tabernacle is analogous to our Lord being raised from the dead
in His perfect resurrection body and emerging from the grave, perfect. The burnt offering speaks of the judgement
of our Lord; there was a ram for himself and a ram for the congregation (Leviticus 16:3, 5). This judgement is the
final process.
Leviticus 16:25
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
chêleb (çÅìÆá)
[pronounced KHAY-lebv]
fat; choicest, best part, abundance
(of products of the land)
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #2459
BDB #316
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
qâþar (÷ÈèÇø) [pronounced
kaw-TAR]
to cause (incense) to burn, to make
smoke, that is, to turn into fragrance
by fire, to make smoke upon
(especially as an act of worship)
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil
imperfect
Strong’s #6999
BDB #882
In other words, whatever is burned is caused to smoke. It might not really catch fire and burn, but it can be
caused to decompose, the smoke being a sign of that chemical decomposition.
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article; with the 3rd
person feminine
singular suffix; with the
locative hê
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
With the locative hê, this means towards the altar, near the altar, upon the altar.
Translation: And he will cause the fat of the sin-offering to burn [or smoke] upon the altar. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
He will then take the fat from the offering and place it upon the altar, causing it to smoke. The smoke rising up
into the air is a sweet smelling smoke to Yehowah, which placates Him (I am speaking anthropomorphically). All
of this is done for the benefit of the people there; for the people to follow many generations after; and for us today.
We read about these offerings, we can see them being done (in our mind’s eye); and we understand what every
symbolic gesture and nuance is about.
Leviticus 16:25 And he will cause the fat of the sin-offering to burn [or smoke] upon the altar. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
Leviticus Chapter 16 140
This is either the bull which was offered fro himself or the boat which was offered for the people of Israel.
Leviticus 16:23–25 Then Aaron has come into the Tent of Meeting and he has stripped off his white linen
garments which he had worn coming into the Holy Place. He will set them down there. And he has washed his
body in the waters in [that] sacred place and he has put on his garments [again]. Then he has come out and he
has made his burnt offering and a burnt offering for the people, and he has [thus] atoned for himself and for the
people. And he will cause the fat of the sin-offering to burn [or smoke] upon the altar. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
Leviticus 16:23–25 After the goat has been led away, Aaron will go back into the Tent of meeting and take off his
white linen priestly clothing which he worn coming into this Holy Place. He will set them down there and wash
himself with waters in that sacred place. Then he will put his clothing back on and come back out again. He will
then make a burnt offering on behalf of himself and on behalf of the people. After he has atoned for himself and
the people, he will take the fat from this sin-offering and cause it to be smoked upon the altar. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
And the one sending away the goat for an
escape, will wash his garments and wash his
flesh in the waters, and afterward, he will
come into the camp. And a bull of the sin-
offering and a goat of the sin-offering which
he brought their blood to cover over in the
holy. And he will bring out unto outside to
the camp and he has burned in fire their
skins and their flesh and their excrement.
And the one burning them will wash his
garments and wash his flesh in the waters,
and afterward, he will come into the camp.
Leviticus
16:26–28
The one having sent away the goat for
removal, will wash his clothing and wash his
body in the waters, and afterward, he will
come into the camp. And [regarding] the bull
of the sin-offering and the goat of the sin-
offering, he has brought their blood to atone
[for all] in the Holy Place. He will bring out
from the camp their skins, their flesh and their
excrement and burnt [them] in fire. And the
one having burned them will wash his clothing
and wash his body in the waters.
The one who sent away the scapegoat will wash his clothing and himself with water. After that, he may
come back into the camp. Another priest who has brought the blood of the bull and the goat into the Holy
place to perform the atonement ritual, he will then take the hides, the flesh and the dung of these animals
outside the camp and burn them there. Then before returning to the camp, he will wash his clothing and
himself with water.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And the one sending away the goat for an escape, will wash his garments and wash
his flesh in the waters, and afterward, he will come into the camp. And a bull of the
sin-offering and a goat of the sin-offering which he brought their blood to cover over
in the holy. And he will bring out unto outside to the camp and he has burned in fire
their skins and their flesh and their excrement. And the one burning them will wash
his garments and wash his flesh in the waters, and afterward, he will come into the
camp.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
141 The Book of Leviticus
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) But he that hath let go the emissary goat, shall wash his clothes, and his body with
water, and so shall enter into the camp.
But the calf and the buck goat, that were sacrificed for sin, and whose blood was
carried into the sanctuary, to accomplish the atonement, they shall carry forth
without the camp, and shall burn with fire: their skins and their flesh, and their dung.
And whosoever burneth them shall wash his clothes, and flesh with water: and so
shall enter into the camp..
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "He who lets the goat go for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his
flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp.
The bull for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was
brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried forth outside the
camp; and they shall burn their skins, their flesh, and their dung with fire.
He who burns them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and
afterward he shall come into the camp.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And he that sends forth the goat that has been set apart to be let go, shall wash his
garments, and bathe his body in water, and afterwards shall enter into the camp.
And the calf for the sin-offering, and the goat for the sin-offering, whose blood was
brought in to make atonement in the holy place, they shall carry forth out of the
camp, and burn them with fire, even their skins and their flesh and their dung.
And he that burns them shall wash his garments, and bathe his body in water, and
afterwards he shall enter into the camp.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And the man who takes away the goat for Azazel is to have his clothing washed and
his body bathed in water and then he may come back to the tent-circle.
And the ox of the sin-offering and the goat of the sin-offering, whose blood was
taken in to make the holy place free from sin, are to be taken away outside the tent-
circle and their skins and their flesh and their waste are to be burned with fire.
And the man by whom they are burned is to have his clothing washed and his body
bathed in water, and then he may come back to the tent-circle.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "The man who led the goat to Azazel must wash his clothes and his whole body with
water. After that he may come into the camp. "The bull and the goat for the sin
offerings will be taken outside the camp. (The blood from these animals was
brought into the Holy Place to make the holy things pure.) The skins, bodies, and
body waste of those animals will be burned in the fire. Then the man who burns
them must wash his clothes and bathe his whole body with water. After that he may
come into the camp.
God’s Word™"The man who released the goat to Azazel must wash his clothes and his body.
Then he may return to the camp. He must take the bull and the goat outside the
camp. These animals were the offering for sin whose blood was brought into the
holy place to make peace with the LORD for sins. The skin, meat, and excrement
from the animals must be burned. Whoever burns them must wash his clothes and
his body. Then he may return to the camp.
Leviticus Chapter 16 142
Good News Bible (TEV) The man who drove the goat into the desert to Azazel must wash his clothes and
take a bath before he comes back into camp. The bull and the goat used for the sin
offering, whose blood was brought into the Most Holy Place to take away sin, shall
be carried outside the camp and burned. Skin, meat, and intestines shall all be
burned. The one who burns them must wash his clothes and take a bath before he
returns to camp.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. The one who led the goat into the desert and sent it off to the demon Azazel must
take a bath and wash his clothes before coming back into camp. The remains of
the bull and the goat whose blood was taken into the most holy place must be taken
outside the camp and burned. And whoever does this must take a bath and change
clothes before coming back into camp.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified After the man who was to lead the goat into the wilderness has done that and set
it free, then he must return, wash his clothes, and bathe himself. Then he may enter
the camp again. The carcasses of the bull and the goat that were slaughtered as
an offering for the people's sins, to make atonement for them, must be carried
outside the camp and burned. The hides of these animals, their inner organs, and
their dung must be burned. The man who burns those things must then wash his
clothes and bathe before he comes back into the camp.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible .
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible .
International Standard V The one who sent away the male goat as a scapegoat [So with LXX; MT reads for
Azazel; i.e. the goat that will be sent away] is to wash his clothes and bathe his body
with water. After doing so, he may enter the camp.
“The bull for the sin offering and the male goat for the sin offering, whose blood was
brought in to the sacred place, are to be taken outside the camp. Their skin, meat,
143 The Book of Leviticus
and offal are to be incinerated. The one who burns them is to wash his clothes and
bathe his body with water. After doing so, he may enter the camp.”
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version He that let go the goat for the removal will wash his clothes and bath his body in
water, and afterward will come into the camp. And the young bull for the Sin-
Offering and the he-goat for the Sin-Offering, whose blood was brought in to make
Propitiatory-Covering in the Holy Place, one will carry forth outside the camp and
they will burn in the fire the skins of their flesh and their dung. He that burns them
will wash his clothes and bath his body in water, and afterward he will come into the
camp.
Wikipedia Bible Project And the one who sends the he-goat to 'azazel will wash his clothes, and bathe his
flesh in water, and afterwards will come to the camp. And the sinstuff bull, and the
sinstuff goat, which had their blood brought to atone in the holy place, he will take
out to outside the encampment, and burn them in fire, their skin and their flesh and
their dung. And the one who burns them, will wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh
in water, and afterwards will return to the camp.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) The man who releases the scapegoat to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe
himself with water, after which he may re-enter the camp. The bullock of the sin
offering and the goat of the sin offering whose blood was brought in to make
atonement in the Holy Place, shall be brought outside the camp and they shall burn
their hides, their flesh and their dung in the fire. The one who burns them shall
wash his clothes and bathe himself in water, after which he may reenter the camp.
Heb 13:11
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation The one who sends the goat to Azazel shall immerse his clothing and body in a
mikvah; only then can he enter the camp.
The bull and goat presented as sin offerings, whose blood was brought into the
[inner] sanctuary to make atonement, shall be brought outside the camp. There,
their skin, flesh and entrails shall be burned in fire.
The one who burns them shall immerse his clothing and body in a mikvah, and he
may then come back into the camp.
The Scriptures–2009 “And he who sent away the goat to Azazel washes his garments, and shall bathe
his body in water, and afterward he comes into the camp.
“And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was
brought in to make atonement in the Set-apart Place, is brought outside the camp.
And they shall burn their skins, and their flesh, and their dung with fire.
“And he who burns them washes his garments, and shall bathe his body in water,
and afterward he comes into the camp.
Leviticus Chapter 16 144
Tree of Life Version .
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible .
Awful Scroll Bible He letting loose the young goat for the scapegoat, was to wash his garments, and
is to have bathe his flesh with water, and after that he was to come into the camp.
The young bull for the misses of the mark, and the young goat for the miss of the
mark, which blood is to have been brought in to cover over, in that set apart, was
to be brought out without the camp, and is to have been burnt with fire, their hide,
flesh and scatterings.
He burning them was to wash his garment, and is to have bathe his flesh with water,
after that was he to come into the camp.
Concordant Literal Version The one sending the hairy goat free as the goat of departure shall rinse his
garments and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
As for the young bull of the sin offering and the hairy goat of the sin offering, whose
blood was brought to make a propitiatory shelter in the holy place, one shall bring
them forth outside the camp, and they will burn with fire their hides and their flesh
and their dung.
The one burning them shall rinse his garments and bathe his flesh in water, and
afterward he may come into the camp.
exeGeses companion Bible And he who sent the buck for the scapegoat
launders his clothes and baptizes his flesh in water
and afterward comes into the camp.
And the bullock for the sin and the buck for the sin
whose blood they bring to kapar/atone in the holies,
one carries outside the camp;
and in the fire they burn their skins
and their flesh and their dung:
and he who burns them
launders his clothes and baptizes his flesh in water
and afterward comes into the camp.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And he that released the goat for Azazel shall immerse his garments and immerse
his basar in mayim, and afterward come into the machaneh.
And the bull for the chattat, and the goat for the chattat whose dahm was brought
in to make kapporah in HaKodesh, shall one carry forth outside the machaneh; and
they shall burn in the eish their hides, and their basar, and their dung.
And he that burneth them shall immerse his garments, and immerse his basar in
mayim, and afterward he shall come into the machaneh.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And the person who sends out the goat for Azazel shall wash his garments, and
he shall wash his body with water, and afterward [Literally “after thus”] he shall come to
the camp. And the sin offering’s bull and the sin offering’s goat, whose blood was
brought to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall be brought outside the camp,
[Literally “to from an outside place of the camp”] and they shall burn their hide and their flesh
and their offal in the fire. And the person who burns them shall wash his garments,
and he shall wash his body with water, and afterward [Literally “after thus”] he must
come to the camp.
145 The Book of Leviticus
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. And ||he that sent away the goat unto Azazel|| shall wash his clothes, and bathe his
flesh in water,—and <after that> shall he come into the camp.
And the <sin-bearing bullock6 and the sinbearing goat6 whose blood was brought
in to make a propitiatory-covering in the holy place> shall be carried forth6 outside
the camp,—and they shall burn up6f in fire6 their skins and their flesh6 and their
dung;g
and ||he that hath burned them|| shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in
water,—and <after that> shall he come into the camp.
f Cp. Heb. xiii. 11.
g Cp. chap. iv. 11, n.
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version .
C. Thomson Updated OT And he who lets go the he-goat which was sent away to be set at liberty, will wash
his clothes, and wash his body with water, and after that come into the camp. And
they will carry forth out of the camp the bull for the sin offering, and the goat for the
sin offering, the blood of which was carried in to make atonement in the holy place,
and will burn them with fire, both the skins, and the flesh, and the dung thereof.
And he who burns them will wash his clothes and wash his body with water, and
after that he will come into the camp.
Charles Thomson OT .
Context Group Version And he who lets the goat go for Azazel shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh
in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. And the bull of the
purification-offering, and the goat of the purification-offering, whose blood was
brought in to make atonement in the special place, shall be carried outside the
camp; and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung. And
he who burns them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and
afterward he shall come into the camp.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation And he who let the goat go for a complete removal shall wash his garments and
shall bathe his flesh with water; and later he shall come into the camp. And the bull
of the sin offering, and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood has been brought
in to atone in the sanctuary, one shall carry them out to the outside of the camp;
and they shall burn their skins with fire and their flesh, and their dung. And he
burning them shall wash his garments, and shall bathe his flesh with water, and
afterwards he shall come into the camp.
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version . departure
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And he who lets the goat go for the scapegoat will wash his clothes and bathe his
flesh in water and afterward he will come into the camp. And the bull of the sin-
offering and the goat of the sin-offering, whose blood was brought in to make
Leviticus Chapter 16 146
atonement in the holy place, will be carried forth outside the camp and they will burn
in the fire their skins and their flesh and their manure. And he who burns them will
wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water and afterward he will come into the
camp.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible And he that let go the goat as the Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh
in water, and afterward come into the camp. And the bullock for the sin offering and
the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the
Holy Place, shall one carry forth outside the camp; and they shall burn in the fire
their skins and their flesh and their dung. And he that burns them shall wash his
clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp.
In the KJV is "scapegoat" (Lev.16:8, Lev.16:10) which today has the connotation of
someone who is unjustly blamed for other's sins. The Hebrew is Azazel, which
means "one removed or separated ." The Azazel goat represents Satan, who is no
scapegoat. He is guilty of his part in our sins.
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and the one sending the hairy goat for Azazeyl will wash his garments and he will
bathe his flesh in the waters and after this he will come to the camp, and the bull of
the failure, and the hairy goat of the failure, whose blood was brought to make a
covering in the special place, he will bring it out to the outside of the camp, and they
will cremate their skin and their flesh and their dung in the fire, and the one
cremating them will wash his flesh in the waters, and after this he will come to the
camp,...
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness .
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
26-28
Leviticus 16:26
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
shâlach (ùÈìÇç)
[pronounced shaw-
LAKH]
the one sending [off, away], the one
dismissing, the one giving over, one
casting out, one letting go, one
setting free, the one shooting forth
[branches], one shooting [an arrow]
masculine singular, Piel
participle
Strong’s #7971
BDB #1018
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat
(like the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
147 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:26
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
)ãzâ’zel (òÂæÈàæÅì)
[pronounced az-aw-
ZALE]
escape, entire removal; scapegoat,
goat of removal (escape, departure,
that he will set free); transliterated,
Azazel, who is possibly a desert
demon?
masculine singular
noun; some say a
proper noun
Strong’s #5799
BDB #736
kâbaç (ëÌÈáÇñ) [pronounced
kaw-BAHÇ]
to wash [garments, a person]; to
make wash
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong’s #3526
BDB #460
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing,
apparel; possibly blankets
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
râchats (øÈçÇõ)
[pronounced raw-
BAHTS]
to wash, to bathe (oneself), to wash
off (away); possibly to declare
oneself innocent
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #7364
BDB #934
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft portions
of the] body; animal meat
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mayim (îÇéÄí)
[pronounced mah-YIHM]water (s) masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4325
BDB #565
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(achãrêy (àÇçÂøÅé)
[pronounced ah-kuh-
RAY]
behind, after; following; after that,
afterwards; hinder parts preposition; plural form Strong’s #310
BDB #29
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to go,
to enter, to advance; to attain
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
Leviticus Chapter 16 148
Leviticus 16:26
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
machãneh (îÇçÂðÆä)
[pronounced mah-khuh-
NEH]
camp, encampment; an army
camp; those who are camped
[army, company, people]; the
courts [of Jehovah]; the heavenly
host
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4264
BDB #334
Translation: The one having sent away the goat for removal, will wash his clothing and wash his body in the
waters, and afterward, he will come into the camp.
I would assume that this is the person who took the scapegoat and led it out into the wilderness, far from the
Israelites, and turned it loose. He is closely associated with the goat and with the sins that the goat carried, so
this man must cleanse himself with water before returning into the camp.
Obviously, this is all ceremonial; but the priests could not continue to have close contact with sin without some sort
of cleansing to follow. They could not continue these priestly tasks as unclean.
Leviticus 16:26 The one having sent away the goat for removal, will wash his clothing and wash his body in the
waters, and afterward, he will come into the camp. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
This is analogous to rebounding after sinning. God forgives the sin and cleanses us from all unrighteousness
afterwards (1John 1:9).
This person has been in contact with the goat, which is bearing all of the sins of Israel. Even though this is a
picture of our Lord, it is also a goat bearing the sins of Israel, and therefore, because of the sins, is unclean. The
person in charge of releasing the goat must cleanse himself. Since this is all a shadow, an analogy to what is real,
the analogy will break down occasionally. This was seen with Aaron, who represents Jesus Christ, our High Priest,
but then Aaron had to make sacrifices for himself in order to perform the Levitical ceremonies herein described.
For it was fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners and
exalted above the heavens; Who does not need daily, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His
own sins, and then for the people, because this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. For the Law
appoints men as high priests who are weak, but the word of the oath, which came after the Law, [appoints] a Son,
made perfect forever (Hebrews 7:26–28). This is why there was so much ceremony and so many different
sacrifices; to illustrate the multifarious aspects of salvation.
Leviticus 16:27a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
par (ôÌÇø) [pronounced
pahr]bull, [especially a] young bull, steer masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #6499
BDB #830
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
149 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:27a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
sâ)îyr (ùÒÈòÄéø) [pronounced
saw-ÌEER]
he goat; buck; a sacrificial animal;
wood demons (carved like goats); a
satyr; a demon-possessed goat (like
the swine of Matt. 8:30–32)
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #8163
BDB #972
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to be brought, brought in; to be
introduced, be put
3rd person masculine
singular, Hophal
perfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
dâm (ãÌÈí) [pronounced
dawm]
blood, often visible blood;
bloodshed, slaughter; bloodguilt;
blood of the grape [wine]
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
plural suffix
Strong's #1818
BDB #196
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
Piel infinitive Strong's #3722
BDB #497
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy thing;
possibly, a sacred [holy, set apart]
place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
Leviticus Chapter 16 150
Translation: And [regarding] the bull of the sin-offering and the goat of the sin-offering, he has brought their
blood to atone [for all] in the Holy Place.
I would understand this to be a different priest. Remember, there is Aaron and his two remaining sons.
Throughout Israel’s history, there will be a high priest and many priests under him.
Leviticus 16:27b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
yâtsâ( (éÈöÈà) [pronounced
yaw-TZAWH]
to cause to go out, to lead out, to
bring out, to carry out, to draw out,
to take out [of money]; to put forth,
to lay out, to exact; to promulgate; to
produce
3rd person masculine
singular, Hiphil
imperfect
Strong's #3318
BDB #422
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, away from, out from, out of
from, off, on account of, since,
above, than, so that not, beyond,
more than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
chûts (çåÌõ) (õ{ç)
[pronounced khoots]outside, outward; street masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #2351
BDB #299
Together, these seem to simply mean, from without, outside, on the outskirts of.
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
machãneh (îÇçÂðÆä)
[pronounced mah-khuh-
NEH]
camp, encampment; an army camp;
those who are camped [army,
company, people]; the courts [of
Jehovah]; the heavenly host
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4264
BDB #334
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
sâraph (ùÒÈøÇó)
[pronounced saw-RAHF]
to suck in, to absorb, to drink in, to
swallow down; to absorb or
consume [with fire], to burn; to bake
[bricks]; to cremate
3rd person plural, Qal
perfect
Strong’s #8313
BDB #976
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
(esh (àÆù) [pronounced
aysh]
fire, lightning, supernatural fire;
presence of Yehowah, the
attendance of a theophany
feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong's #784
BDB #77
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
151 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:27b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
gôwr (òåÉø) [pronounced
gohr]
skin, skins, hide; poetically used of
the body, life
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5785
BDB #736
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft portions
of the] body; animal meat
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
plural suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
peresh (ôÆÌøÆù)
[pronounced PEH-rehsh]
fecal matter [from the intestines],
excrement, dung
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
plural suffix
Strong's #6569
BDB #831
Translation: He will bring out from the camp their skins, their flesh and their excrement and burnt [them] in fire.
This second priest will carry the remains of the bull and goat outside of the camp and then burn them there.
Leviticus 16:27 And [regarding] the bull of the sin-offering and the goat of the sin-offering, he has brought their
blood to atone [for all] in the Holy Place. He will bring out from the camp their skins, their flesh and their
excrement and burnt [them] in fire. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
These animals came into contact with the sins of Israel and have ceremonially become unclean due to that
contact. Therefore, they are carried outside the camp of Israel and their remains are burned. There are two
analogies found here; this is analogous to our Lord being sacrificed outside the gate: For the bodies of those
animals whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest for sin are burned outside the camp;
therefore, Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people through His own blood, suffered outside the gate
(Hebrews 13:11–12). This is also analogous to those who chose to remain in their sins and are burned outside
of God's love in the lake of fire: And if anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he ws thrown into
the lake of fire (Revelation 20:15).
Leviticus 16:28
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
Leviticus Chapter 16 152
Leviticus 16:28
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
sâraph (ùÒÈøÇó)
[pronounced saw-RAHF]
the one burning; absorbing or
consuming [with fire], the person
baking [bricks]; the one cremating;
sucking in, absorbing, the one
drinking in, swallowing down
masculine singular,
Qal participle; with the
definite article
Strong’s #8313
BDB #976
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
them; untranslated mark of a direct
object; occasionally to them, toward
them
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
kâbaç (ëÌÈáÇñ) [pronounced
kaw-BAHÇ]
to wash [garments, a person]; to
make wash
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong’s #3526
BDB #460
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing, apparel;
possibly blankets
masculine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
râchats (øÈçÇõ)
[pronounced raw-
BAHTS]
to wash, to bathe (oneself), to wash
off (away); possibly to declare
oneself innocent
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #7364
BDB #934
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
bâsâr (áÌÈùÒÈø) [pronounced
baw-SAWR]
flesh, skin, epidermis; [soft portions
of the] body; animal meat
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd
person masculine
singular suffix
Strong's #1320
BDB #142
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
mayim (îÇéÄí)
[pronounced mah-YIHM]water (s) masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #4325
BDB #565
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(achãrêy (àÇçÂøÅé)
[pronounced ah-kuh-
RAY]
behind, after; following; after that,
afterwards; hinder parts preposition; plural form Strong’s #310
BDB #29
bôw( (áÌåÉà) [pronounced
boh]
to come in, to come, to go in, to go,
to enter, to advance; to attain
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #935
BDB #97
(el (àÆì) [pronounced ehl]
unto; into, among, in; toward, to;
against; concerning, regarding;
besides, together with; as to
directional preposition
(respect or deference
may be implied)
Strong's #413
BDB #39
153 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:28
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
machãneh (îÇçÂðÆä)
[pronounced mah-khuh-
NEH]
camp, encampment; an army camp;
those who are camped [army,
company, people]; the courts [of
Jehovah]; the heavenly host
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4264
BDB #334
Most of this is simply v. 26.
Translation: And the one having burned them will wash his clothing and wash his body in the waters. (Kukis
mostly literal translation)
Afterward, this second priest will cleanse himself as well before reentering the camp. This is a rebound object
lesson.
Leviticus 16:28 And the one having burned them will wash his clothing and wash his body in the waters. (Kukis
mostly literal translation)
Just like the one who released the goat, this close contact with the sacrifices that bore the sins has made these
men unclean and they must cleansed again to return to the camp of Israel.
Leviticus 16:26–28 The one having sent away the goat for removal, will wash his clothing and wash his body in
the waters, and afterward, he will come into the camp. And [regarding] the bull of the sin-offering and the goat
of the sin-offering, he has brought their blood to atone [for all] in the Holy Place. He will bring out from the camp
their skins, their flesh and their excrement and burnt [them] in fire. And the one having burned them will wash his
clothing and wash his body in the waters. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Leviticus 16:26–28 The one who sent away the scapegoat will wash his clothing and himself with water. After
that, he may come back into the camp. Another priest who has brought the blood of the bull and the goat into the
Holy place to perform the atonement ritual, he will then take the hides, the flesh and the dung of these animals
outside the camp and burn them there. Then before returning to the camp, he will wash his clothing and himself
with water. (Kukis paraphrase)
It appears that we have two different priests at work, so I worked that into the translation.
——————————
And he is to you (all) a statute of perpetuity,
in the new moon, the seventh, in the tenth to
the new moon, you (all) will humble your
souls and any work you (all) will not do, the
native born and the immigrant dwelling in a
midst of you (all). For in the day the this, he
will cover over upon you (all) to cleanse you
(all) from any of your sins to faces of
Yehowah, you (all) will be made clean. A
Sabbath of rest she [is] to you (all) and you
(all) have humbled your souls, a statute of
perpetuity.
Leviticus
16:29–31
And [this set of rituals] is for you (all) a statute
of perpetuity in the month, the seventh, on the
tenth [day] regarding the month, [when] you
(all) will humble your souls. Also, you will not
do any work, [not you, not] the native-born and
[not] the immigrant dwelling among you (all).
For in this day, [the priest] will atone for you to
cleanse you (all) from any of your sins. Before
Yehowah, you will be made clean. This [is] for
you (all) a Sabbath of rest and you (all) will
humble your souls. [This is] a statute of
perpetuity.
Leviticus Chapter 16 154
This set of rituals, previously described, will be for you all a statute of long duration, to take place during
the seventh month on the tenth day of that month. This is a day when you will humble your souls. You
will not do any work on this day, nor will the native-born resident or the immigrant who ilives among you.
On this day, the priest will atone for you to cleanse you fall all of your sins. Before Jehovah, you will be
made clean. This is a Sabbath day of rest for you, during which you will humble your souls. This ritual
will continue for a long time.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And he is to you (all) a statute of perpetuity, in the new moon, the seventh, in the
tenth to the new moon, you (all) will humble your souls and any work you (all) will
not do, the native born and the immigrant dwelling in a midst of you (all). For in the
day the this, he will cover over upon you (all) to cleanse you (all) from any of your
sins to faces of Yehowah, you (all) will be made clean. A Sabbath of rest she [is] to
you (all) and you (all) have humbled your souls, a statute of perpetuity.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And this shall be to you an everlasting ordinance. The seventh month, the tenth day
of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no work, whether it be one of
your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you.
Upon this day shall be the expiation for you, and the cleansing from all your sins.
You shall be cleansed before the Lord.
For it is a sabbath of rest: and you shall afflict your souls by a perpetual religion.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta "It shall be a statute to you forever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the
month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no manner of work, the native-born,
or the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you:
for on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins
you shall be clean before Mar-Yah.
It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict your souls; it is a statute
forever.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) And this shall be a perpetual statute for you; in the seventh month, on the tenth day
of the month, you shall humble your souls, and shall do no work, the native and the
stranger who abides among you.
For in this day he shall make an atonement for you, to cleanse you from all your
sins before the Lord, and you shall be purged.
This shall be to you a most holy Sabbath, a rest, and you shall humble your souls;
it is a perpetual ordinance.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
155 The Book of Leviticus
Bible in Basic English And let this be an order to you for ever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day, you
are to keep yourselves from pleasure and do no sort of work, those who are
Israelites by birth and those from other lands who are living among you:
For on this day your sin will be taken away and you will be clean: you will be made
free from all your sins before the Lord.
It is a special Sabbath for you, and you are to keep yourselves from pleasure; it is
an order for ever.
Easy English .
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "This law will always continue for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month, you
must not eat food. You must not do any work. None of the travelers or foreigners
living in your land can do any work either. Because on this day, the priest will do
this to make you pure and wash away your sins. Then you will be clean to the
LORD. You must humble yourselves because this day is a very important day of
rest for you. This law will continue forever.
God’s Word™"This will be a permanent law for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month both
native Israelites and foreigners must humble themselves. They must do no work.
On this day Aaron will make peace with the LORD to make you clean. Then you will
be clean from all your sins in the LORD'S presence. This is the most important
worship festival there is for you. You will humble yourselves. It is a permanent law.
Good News Bible (TEV) The following regulations are to be observed for all time to come. On the tenth day
of the seventh month the Israelites and the foreigners living among them must fast
and must not do any work. On that day the ritual is to be performed to purify them
from all their sins, so that they will be ritually clean. That day is to be a very holy
day, one on which they fast and do no work at all. These regulations are to be
observed for all time to come.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. On the tenth day of the seventh month of each year, you must go without eating to
show sorrow for your sins, and no one, including foreigners who live among you, is
allowed to work. This is the day on which the sacrifice for the forgiveness of your
sins will be made in my presence, and from now on, it must be celebrated each
year. Go without eating and make this a day of complete rest just like the Sabbath.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified On the tenth day of the seventh month, on the day that I have appointed, you all
must fast and not do any work. This is a rule that you must always obey—all you
native born Israelites and all the foreigners living among you. On that day, Aaron
will perform rituals to enable me to forgive you all, and then I will free you all from
the guilt of all your sins. That will be a day for you to rest and not do any work, like
the Sabbath days, and you must fast all that day. That is a permanent command for
you all to obey.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Leviticus Chapter 16 156
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible . resides
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And this shall be an enactment forever to you; you shall look down upon your
souls with harshness in the seventh new moon, on the tenth of the new moon, and
all shall do no work, native born, nor a foreigner who lodges among you,
Because on that day the priest shall make a covering for you to cleanse you,
that you may be clean from all your sins before the face of Jehovah.
It shall be a Sabbath, a great solemn Sabbath, to you, and you shall look
down upon your souls with harshness by an enactment forever.
International Standard V The Perpetual Statute
“This is to be a perpetual statute for you. On the tenth day of the seventh month,
you (including both the native born and the resident alien) are to humble yourselves
by not doing any work, because on that day, atonement will be made [Lit. day, he
will make atonement] for you to cleanse you from all your sins. You are to be clean
in the Lord’s presence. It’s the Sabbath of all Sabbaths for you, so humble
yourselves. This is to be a perpetual statute.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version And this will be a statute for the ages for you that in the 7th month, on the 10th day
of the month, you will afflict yourselves [with fasting] and do no work at all, whether
you are a native Israelite or a foreigner that dwells among you. For on that day will
the priest make Propitiatory-Covering for you to cleanse you so that you may be
clean from all your sins before YHWH. It will be a Sabbath of Rest for you and you
will afflict yourselves [with fasting] by a statute for the ages of time.
Wikipedia Bible Project And it was for you an eternal statute: on the seventh month, on the tenth of the
month, you will torment your souls, and all work you will not do--- the citizen and the
stranger staying within you. Because on this day, it will be atoned of you, to purify
you, from all your sins before Yahweh you will be purified. It is a rest-sabbath-day
for you, and you tormented your souls, an eternal statute.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) This shall be a lasting ordinance for you: on the tenth day of the seventh month you
must deny yourselves and do no work—neither the native nor the stranger living
among you—for on this day atonement will be made for you to cleanse you. You
shall be cleansed of your sins before Yahweh. It is a sabbath of solemn rest when
you must deny your selves. It is a lasting ordinance.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
157 The Book of Leviticus
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And this shall be for you a law forever: In the seventh new moon, on the tenth day
of the new moon, you afflict your beings, and do no work, the native or the stranger
who sojourns among you.
“For on that day he makes atonement for you, to cleanse you, to be clean from all
your sins before éäåä.
“It is a Sabbath of rest for you, and you shall afflict your beings – a law forever.
Tree of Life Version “It is to be a statute to you forever, that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of
the month, you are to afflict your souls, and do no kind of work—both the native-
born and the outsider dwelling among you. For on this day atonement will be made
for you, to cleanse you. From all your sins you will be clean before Adonai. It is a
Shabbat of solemn rest to you, and you are to afflict your souls. It is a statute
forever.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible AND THIS SHALL BE A LONG-TERM STATUTE FOR YOU; IN THE SEVENTH
MONTH, ON THE TENTH DAY OF THE MONTH, YOU SHALL HUMBLE YOUR
SOULS, AND SHALL DO NO WORK, THE NATIVE AND THE STRANGER WHO
ABIDES AMONG YOU.
FOR IN THIS DAY HE SHALL MAKE AN ATONEMENT FOR YOU, TO CLEANSE
YOU FROM ALL YOUR SINS BEFORE JESUS, AND YOU SHALL BE CLEANSED.
THIS SHALL BE TO YOU A MOST HOLY REST DAY, A REST, AND YOU SHALL
HUMBLE YOUR SOULS; IT IS A LONG-TERM ORDINANCE.
Awful Scroll Bible Even is it to be a continual prescription, for the seventh moon month. On the tenth
of the moon month, you was to look down on yourselves - was a breather to
produce of his business, the native and nonnative sojourning among you? -
On that day they were to be covered over, even were they to be cleansed, a
cleansing from their miss of the mark, turned before Sustains To Become
It is a sabbath rest, even are the breathers to have looked down on themselves;
even is it to be a continual prescription.
Concordant Literal Version It will come to be for you as an eonian statute:in the seventh month on the tenth of
the month you shall humble your souls, and no work at all shall you do, the native
or the sojourner sojourning in your midst.
For on this day shall one make a propitiatory shelter over you to cleanse you from
all your sins. Before Yahweh shall you be clean.
It is a sabbath of cessation for you, and you will humble your souls; it is an eonian
statute.
exeGeses companion Bible ANNUAL KOPER/ATONEMENT
And this becomes an eternal statute to you:
in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month,
humble your souls and work no work,
whether native or sojourner sojourning among you:
for on that day he kapars/atones for you,
to purify you,
you purify from all your sins
at the face of Yah Veh.
It is a shabbath
- a shabbathism to you to humble your souls
Leviticus Chapter 16 158
- an eternal statute.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And this shall be a chukkat olam (eternal decree) unto you: that in the Chodesh
HaShevi'i, on the tenth day of the chodesh, ye shall afflict your nefashot, and do no
melachah at all, whether it be ezrach (native) or the ger that sojourneth among you:
For on that day shall the kohen make kapporah for you, to make you tahor, that ye
may be tahor from all your chattot before Hashem.
It shall be a Shabbat Shabbaton unto you, and ye shall afflict your nefashot, by a
chukkat olam.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible “And this shall be a lasting statute [Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”]
for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you must deny yourselves
and you must not do any work, whether the native or [Or “and”] the alien who is
dwelling in your midst, because on this day he shall make atonement for you to
cleanse you; you must be clean from all your sins before [Literally “to the faces of”]
Yahweh. It is a Sabbath of complete rest [Literally “a Sabbath of ‘Sabbathation.’ ”
“Sabbathation” is not a real word, but it is devised as an attempt to convey the sounds of the related
nouns in the Hebrew phrase] for you, and you shall deny yourselves—it is a lasting
statute. [Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”]
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation [All] this shall be an eternal law for you. [Each year] on the 10th day of the 7th
month you must fast and not do any work. This is true of both the native born and
the proselyte who joins you.
This is because on this day you shall have all your sins atoned, so that you will be
cleansed. Before God you will be cleansed of all your sins.
It is a Sabbath of Sabbaths to you, and [a day upon which] you must fast. This is a
law for all time.
the 10th day of the 7th month
That is Yom Kippur, the tenth of Tishrei, counting from Nissan (Targum
Yonathan; see Exodus 12:2). See Leviticus 23:27.
fast
(Saadia; Targum Yonathan; cf. Yoma 77a). Literally, 'afflict yourselves,' or
'afflict your souls.' 'Affliction' also includes refraining from washing, anointing,
wearing shoes and sex (Yad, Shevithath Assur 1:5), but many say that these
are forbidden only by rabbinic legislation (Tosafoth, Yoma 7b).
work
Like the Sabbath, see Exodus 20:9.
proselyte
(see HaKethav VeHaKabbalah).
a law for all time
Even when there is no temple (Sforno).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
159 The Book of Leviticus
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. And it shall become unto you, a statute age abiding,—
<In the seventh month6 on the tenth of the month>
Shall ye humble your souls6
And <no work> shall ye do,
The homeborn6
Or the sojourner that sojourneth in your midst;
For <on this day> shall a propitiatory-covering
be put over you6 to cleanse you,—
<From all your sins before Yahweh> shall ye be clean.
<A sabbath of sacred rest>h it is! unto you,
Therefore shall ye humble your souls,
A statute age-abiding.
h Heb.: shabbâthôn.
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version And it shall be a statute forever to you: in the seventh month, on the tenth of the
month, you shall afflict your souls and do no work at all, whether it be one of your
own country or a stranger who is living among you, For on that day an atonement
shall be made for you, to cleanse you, so that you may be clean from all your sins
before the LORD. It shall be a Sabbath of rest to you, and you shall afflict your
souls, by a statute forever.
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT And this shall be to you an everlasting rite. In the seventh month, on the tenth day
of the month, you shall humble your souls, and do no work, whether native or the
proselyte who dwelleth among you; for on that day he shall make atonement for
you, to purify you from all your sins before the Lord, that you may be cleansed. This
rest shall be to you a sabbath of sabbaths, and you shall humble your souls. It is an
everlasting statute.
Context Group Version And it shall be a statute forever to you (pl): in the seventh month, on the tenth day
of the month, you (pl) shall humble your (pl) lives, and shall do no manner of work,
the home-born, or the stranger that sojourns among you (personal love): for on this
day atonement shall be made for you (pl), to cleanse you (pl); from all your (pl)
disgraceful acts you (pl) shall be clean before YHWH. It is a Sabbath of solemn
rest to you (pl), and you (pl) shall humble your (pl) lives; it is a statute forever.
English Standard Version And it shall be for a never ending statute, in the seventh month, in the tenth of the
month, you shall humble yourself and do no work, the native, and the alien who is
staying in your midst. For on this day he shall atone for you, to cleanse you from
all your sins you shall be clean before Jehovah. It is a sabbath of rest to you, and
you shall humble yourself. It is a never ending statute.
Green’s Literal Translation .
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version . Continuous
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And it will be an everlasting statute to you*. In the seventh month, on the tenth day
of the month, you* will humble your* souls and will not do any work, the home-born,
or the stranger who travels among you*. Because on this day atonement will be
made for you*, to cleanse you*. You* will be clean from all your* sins before
Jehovah. It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you* and you* will humble your* souls.
It is an everlasting statute.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Leviticus Chapter 16 160
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and she will exist for you for a distant custom, in the seventh new moon in the
tenth one to the new moon[783] you will afflict your souls and you will not do any
business, the native and the immigrant immigrating in your midst, given that in this
day he will make restitution upon you to make you clean from all your failures, to the
face of YHWH you will be clean. She is a ceasing rest period for you, and you will
afflict your souls, it is a distant custom,...
783. That is the “tenth day of the new moon.”
Updated Bible Version 2.17 And it will be a statute forever to you +: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of
the month, you + will afflict your + souls, and will do no manner of work, the home-
born, or the stranger who sojourns among you +: for on this day atonement will be
made for you +, to cleanse you +; from all your + sins you + will be clean before
Yahweh. It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you +, and you + will afflict your + souls;
it is a statute forever.
A Voice in the Wilderness This shall be a perpetual statute for you: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of
the month, you shall afflict your souls, and do no work, whether a native or a
stranger who sojourns among you. For on that day the priest shall make atonement
for you, to cleanse you from all your sins, that you may be clean before Jehovah.
It is a sabbath observance of rest for you, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a
perpetual statute.
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
29-31
Leviticus 16:29a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
hâyâh (äÈéÈä) [pronounced
haw-YAW]
to be, is, was, are; to become, to
come into being; to come to pass
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #1961
BDB #224
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 2nd
person masculine plural
suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
chuqqâh (çË÷ÌÇä)
[pronounced khoo-
KAWH]
that which is established or defined;
statute, ordinance, law [often of
God]; enactment; practice, custom;
limit; right, privilege
feminine singular
construct
Strong's #2708
BDB #349
161 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:29a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
)ôwlâm (òåÉìÈí)
[pronounced ìo-LAWM]
properly what is hidden [time]; of
[in] times past, from ancient time,
old, antiquity, long duration,
everlasting, eternal, forever,
perpetuity; for future time, futurity;
of the world, worldly
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #5769
BDB #761
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
chôdesh (çÉãÆù)
[pronounced KHOH-
desh]
new moon, month; monthly; first
day of the month
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #2320
BDB #294
shebîy)îy (ùÀáÄéòÄé)
[pronounced she-bee-
EE]
seventh
masculine singular
adjective; numeral
ordinate with the
definite article
Strong’s #7637
BDB #988
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
)âsôr (àÈùÒÉø) [pronounced
ìaw-SOHR]
a ten, a decade; tenth; ten-stringed
harp
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #6218
BDB #797
Also spelled: )âsôwr (àÈùÒåÉø) [pronounced ìaw-SOHR].
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
chôdesh (çÉãÆù)
[pronounced KHOH-
desh]
new moon, month; monthly; first
day of the month
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #2320
BDB #294
)ânâh (òÈðÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-NAWH]
to oppress, to depress, to afflict; to
persecute; to intimidate; to humble;
to deal harshly [with someone]; to
harangue [harass, provoke, hassle]
2nd person masculine
plural, Piel imperfect
Strong's #6031
BDB #776
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
nephâshôwth (ðÀôÈùåÉú)
[pronounced NEH-faw-
shohth]
souls, lives, persons, living beings,
desire, volition; will
feminine plural noun
with the 2nd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5315
BDB #659
Translation: And [this set of rituals] is for you (all) a statute of perpetuity in the month, the seventh, on the tenth
[day] regarding the month, [when] you (all) will humble your souls.
Leviticus Chapter 16 162
It is at this point that God indicates that this statute will be followed every year on the 10th day of the 7th month.
Leviticus 16:29b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]every, each, all of, all; any of, any
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
melâ(kâh (îÀìÈàëÈä)
[pronounced melaw-
KAWH]
work, occupation, labor,
workmanship; craftsmanship, craft;
items produced by work; that which
is related to work
feminine singular noun Strong’s #4399
BDB #521
lô( (ìÉà or ìåÉà)
[pronounced low]not, no
negates the word or
action that follows; the
absolute negation
Strong’s #3808
BDB #518
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture;
accomplish
2nd person masculine
plural, Qal imperfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
(ezerâch (àÆæÀøÈç)
[pronounced eze-
RAWKH]
arising from the soil, home born,
native
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #249
BDB #280
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
gêr (âÅø) [pronounced
gare]
sojourner, stranger, immigrant [or,
outsider], temporary resident
[inhabitant]; newcomer without
inherited [property] rights
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #1616
BDB #158
gêr (âÌÅø) [pronounced
gare]
visitor, temporary resident,
sojourner; the one dwelling
masculine singular, Qal
active participle
Strong’s #1481
BDB #157
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
Strong’s #none
BDB #88
tâveke (úÌÈåÆ) [pronounced
taw-VEKE]midst, among, middle
masculine singular
noun with the 2nd
person masculine plural
suffix
Strong's #8432
BDB #1063
With the bêyth preposition, tâveke can mean in the middle of, in the midst of; into, among. In the Hebrew, this
is spelled áÌÀúåÉ. With the 1st person plural suffix, it means in our midst. With the 2nd person masculine plural
suffix, it can mean in your midst, among you. With the 3rd person masculine plural suffix, it can mean in their
midst, among them.
163 The Book of Leviticus
Translation: Also, you will not do any work, [not you, not] the native-born and [not] the immigrant dwelling among
you (all).
On this particular day, no one is to do any work at all.
Leviticus 16:29 And [this set of rituals] is for you (all) a statute of perpetuity in the month, the seventh, on the tenth
[day] regarding the month, [when] you (all) will humble your souls. Also, you will not do any work, [not you, not]
the native-born and [not] the immigrant dwelling among you (all). (Kukis mostly literal translation)
I don't know if I am quite ready to deal with the word for yourself in this verse. However, notice that on the day
of atonement, the day which speaks of the one day our Lord went to the cross to die for our sins; no one is to do
any work. You cannot work or earn your salvation in any way. What God has accomplished is perfect and there
is no human effort involved on any level. We merely accept what He has done for us on our behalf. Notice that
this is applied to all who are there; not just the Jews, but any stranger who resides there with Israel. Salvation is
open to all mankind.
I should take a moment to clear up any confusion when one reads this passage and also reads Leviticus 23:32,
where the Day of Atonement is to begin on the ninth day of the seventh month. The rest is to begin on the ninth
day of the month at dusk; this then became the tenth day of the month for the Jews, as they calculate their days
from evening to evening.
Next the date: this was to occur sometime in September/October (according to my NIV); why was this not
correspondent to the day our Lord died on our behalf? This is because this particular group of sacrifices spans
all history from the ceremonial cleansing of the people of Israel (to which Aaron is analogous) all the way to the
end of history when those who do not believe in our Lord are cast into the lake of fire and our Lord returns to rule
over a new heavens and a new earth forever. Even though they focus of all sacrifices is firmly upon our Lord's
sacrifice on the cross, this particular day is historically far-reaching in both directions of time.
Leviticus 16:30a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kîy (ëÌÄé) [pronounced kee]for, that, because; when, at that
time, which, what time
explanatory or
temporal conjunction;
preposition
Strong's #3588
BDB #471
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
No Strong’s #
BDB #88
yôwm (éåÉí) [pronounced
yohm]
day; time; today (with a definite
article)
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #3117
BDB #398
hûw( (äåÌà) [pronounced
hoo]that, this
masculine singular,
demonstrative pronoun
(with the definite
article)
Strong’s #1931
BDB #214
The bêyth preposition, yôwm and hûw (with definite articles) mean in that day, on that day, in [on] the same day.
Literally, this reads in the day the that.
Leviticus Chapter 16 164
Leviticus 16:30a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside
preposition of proximity
with the 2nd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
þâhêr (èÈäÅø) [pronounced
taw-HAIR]
to cleanse [clean] [physically,
ceremonially, morally]; to purify; to
pronounce [declare] clean; to
perform a ritual ceremony of
cleansing
Piel infinitive Strong's #2891
BDB #372
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
you, you [all]; untranslated mark of a
direct object; occasionally to you,
toward you
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 2nd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #853 BDB
#84
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, away from, out from, out of
from, off, on account of, since,
above, than, so that not, beyond,
more than, greater than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]
with a plural noun, it is rendered all
of, all; any of
masculine singular
construct with a
masculine plural noun
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
Literally, min kôl (ëÌÉì îÄï) [pronounced mihn-kohl] means, from all, from every. However, together, various literal
translations give the following renderings: about all, of all (1Sam. 23:23); over all, more than all, above all (Gen.
3:14); from among all (Exodus 19:5).
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine plural noun
with the 2nd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
Translation: For in this day, [the priest] will atone for you to cleanse you (all) from any of your sins.
The priest, by following the rituals of this chapter will atone for all the people and cleanse them from their sins
(ritually speaking).
Leviticus 16:30b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
165 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:30b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
pânîym (ôÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced paw-
NEEM]
face, faces, countenance; presence
masculine plural
construct (plural acts
like English singular)
Strong’s #6440
BDB #815
Together, they mean upon the face of, before, before the face of, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of,
which faces. When used with God, it can take on the more figurative meaning in the judgment of. This can also
mean forwards; the front part [or, the edge of a sword]. Lepânîym (ìÀôÌÈðÄéí) can take on a temporal sense as well:
before, of old, formerly, in the past, in past times. Literally, this means to faces of.
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
þâhêr (èÈäÅø) [pronounced
taw-HAIR]
to be cleansed [clean, pure]
[physically, of disease; ceremonially,
of uncleanness]; to purify, to be
clean morally, to be made clean; to
declare clean
2nd person masculine
plural, Qal imperfect
Strong's #2891
BDB #372
Translation: Before Yehowah, you will be made clean.
Before God, they will be made ritually clean.
Leviticus 16:30 For in this day, [the priest] will atone for you to cleanse you (all) from any of your sins. Before
Yehowah, you will be made clean. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
There is no confusing this issue—the sins of the Jews are dealt with on this day, albeit ceremonially. They cannot
work for it; they can only stand and solemnly observe in humility. However, they must be cleansed. There is no
provision made for the one who has kept the whole law because no such man exists. Even Aaron had to bring
for himself a bull and a ram to sacrifice for his own sins and he had to cleanse himself several times in order to
present these things to the sons of Israel.
Leviticus 16:31
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
shâbbath (ùÈáÌÇú)
[pronounced shawb-
BAHTH]
ceasing, resting; desisting;
transliterated Sabbath
common singular
construct
Strong's #7676
BDB #992
shabbâthôn (ùÇáÈÌúåÉï)
[pronounced shab-baw-
THONE]
Sabbath observance, Sabbatism, a
day of solemn rest, rest
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #7677
BDB #992
hîy( (äÄéà) [pronounced
hee]
she, it; also used as a demonstrative
pronoun: that, this (one)
3rd person feminine
singular, personal
pronoun; sometimes
the verb is, is implied
Strong’s #1931
BDB #214
Leviticus Chapter 16 166
Leviticus 16:31
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 2nd
person masculine
plural suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)ânâh (òÈðÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-NAWH]
to oppress, to depress, to afflict; to
persecute; to intimidate; to humble;
to deal harshly [with someone]; to
harangue [harass, provoke, hassle]
2nd person masculine
plural, Piel perfect
Strong's #6031
BDB #776
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
nephâshôwth (ðÀôÈùåÉú)
[pronounced NEH-faw-
shohth]
souls, lives, persons, living beings,
desire, volition; will
feminine plural noun
with the 2nd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong’s #5315
BDB #659
chuqqâh (çË÷ÌÇä)
[pronounced khoo-
KAWH]
that which is established or defined;
statute, ordinance, law [often of
God]; enactment; practice, custom;
limit; right, privilege
feminine singular
construct
Strong's #2708
BDB #349
)ôwlâm (òåÉìÈí)
[pronounced ìo-LAWM]
properly what is hidden [time]; of [in]
times past, from ancient time, old,
antiquity, long duration, everlasting,
eternal, forever, perpetuity; for future
time, futurity; of the world, worldly
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #5769
BDB #761
Translation: This [is] for you (all) a Sabbath of rest and you (all) will humble your souls. [This is] a statute of
perpetuity. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Again, a Sabbath is a time of no work; they cannot work for what is being accomplished on their behalf. Even in
the Old Testament, it was clear that man could not work to achieve cleansing before God. It is only on this day
when the high priest enters into the holy of holies (a place known to the rest of Israel only through God's Word).
The priest entered into the holy of holies three times on this day, once with the incense (vv. 12–13), once with the
blood of the bull (v. 14) and once with the blood of the goat (v. 15). This was the only day that the people were
specifically told to humble themselves. However, I do not believe that they were to necessarily fast (the Scripture
is inconclusive here; I have carefully examined the Scriptures used to support such a fast and find them
unconvincing in this regard). It may have become a fast day, but that is not necessarily a result of divine mandate
but of human works (Isaiah 58:5 Zechariah 7:5 8:19). The contexts of Isaiah 58:5 and Zechariah 7:5 indicates
that the fasting they did was not approved of by Yehowah (however, it is inconclusive as to whether it was divinely
sanctioned or no). There is one verse where humbling oneself is associated with fasting, and that is Psalm 35:13.
In any case, it certainly became a day of fasting (Acts 27:9), being called by the name The Fast. We have to
separate what God commanded from the later bastardization of these holy days.
Leviticus 16:31 This [is] for you (all) a Sabbath of rest and you (all) will humble your souls. [This is] a statute of
perpetuity. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
167 The Book of Leviticus
This becomes a very important Sabbath day to the people, during which they will humble their souls.
Leviticus 16:29–31 And [this set of rituals] is for you (all) a statute of perpetuity in the month, the seventh, on the
tenth [day] regarding the month, [when] you (all) will humble your souls. Also, you will not do any work, [not you,
not] the native-born and [not] the immigrant dwelling among you (all). For in this day, [the priest] will atone for you
to cleanse you (all) from any of your sins. Before Yehowah, you will be made clean. This [is] for you (all) a
Sabbath of rest and you (all) will humble your souls. [This is] a statute of perpetuity. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
Leviticus 16:29–31 This set of rituals, previously described, will be for you all a statute of long duration, to take
place during the seventh month on the tenth day of that month. This is a day when you will humble your souls.
You will not do any work on this day, nor will the native-born resident or the immigrant who ilives among you. On
this day, the priest will atone for you to cleanse you fall all of your sins. Before Jehovah, you will be made clean.
This is a Sabbath day of rest for you, during which you will humble your souls. This ritual will continue for a long
time. (Kukis paraphrase)
——————————
Although much of this chapter was fairly easy to translate, this final set of three verses was quite a bit more difficult
to unravel and fully understand. I am only moderately pleased with the mostly literal translation and the
paraphrase.
And has covered over the priest, whom he
will anoint him, and so [the one] whom he
will make full his hand to act as a priest
instead of his father. And he has put on
garments of white linen, garments of the
Holy (Place), and to cover over a sanctuary
of the holiness and a Tent of Meeting and the
altar he will cover over. And upon the
priests and upon all people of the
congregation he has covered over. And was
this to you (all) a statute of perpetuity to
cover over upon sons of Israel from all their
sins once in the year. And so he will do as
that which mandated Yehowah Moses.
Leviticus
16:32–34
And the priest who will anoint him will make
an atonement and who will fill up his hand, to
act as priest instead of his father. And he will
put on the garments of white linen, the
garments of the Holy (Place); and he has made
an atonement for the sanctuary of holiness
and the Tent of Meeting, and he will make
atonement for the altar. And he will make
atonement for the priests and all people of the
congregation. And [all of] this has been for
you (all) a perpetual statute, to make an
atonement over the sons of Israel [to separate
them] from all their sins once in the year. And
Moses will do [all] that Yehowah has mandated
[him to do].
The next in line to acts as priest, one of Aaron’s sons, will make the atonement and take on the
responsibility of acting as priest instead of his father. He, instead of Aaron, will put on the white linen
clothing, the clothing of the Holy place. He will perform the ceremonies to make an atonement for the holy
sanctuary and the Tent of Meeting. He will also make an atonement for the altar. Furthermore, he will
make an atonement for the priests and all the people of the congregation. All of this will become a
perpetual statute, where atonement is made for the sons of Israel, to ritually separate them from their sins
each year. Therefore, Moses will do all the Jehovah has required him to do.
Here is how others have translated this passage:
Ancient texts:
Masoretic Text (Hebrew) And has covered over the priest, whom he will anoint him, and so [the one] whom
he will make full his hand to act as a priest instead of his father. And he has put on
garments of white linen, garments of the Holy (Place), and to cover over a
sanctuary of the holiness and a Tent of Meeting and the altar he will cover over.
Leviticus Chapter 16 168
And upon the priests and upon all people of the congregation he has covered over.
And was this to you (all) a statute of perpetuity to cover over upon sons of Israel
from all their sins once in the year. And so he will do as that which mandated
Yehowah Moses.
Dead Sea Scrolls .
Jerusalem targum .
Targum (Onkelos) .
Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan) .
Aramaic Targum .
The Psalms Targum .
Updated Douay-Rheims .
Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And the priest that is anointed, and whose hands are consecrated to do the office
of the priesthood in his father's stead, shall make atonement. And he shall be
vested with the linen robe and the holy vestments.
And he shall expiate the sanctuary and the tabernacle of the testimony and the
altar: the priest also and all the people.
And this shall be an ordinance for ever, that you pray for the children of Israel, and
for all their sins once a year. He did therefore as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Aramaic ESV of Peshitta The priest, who is anointed and who is consecrated to be priest in his father's place,
shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen garments, even the holy
garments.
Then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary; and he shall make
atonement for the Tabernacle and for the altar; and he shall make atonement for
the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
"This shall be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for the B'nai Yisrael
once in the year because of all their sins." It was done as Mar-Yah commanded
Mosha.
Original Aramaic Psalms .
V. Alexander’s Aramaic T. .
Plain English Aramaic Bible .
Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac) .
Samaritan Pentateuch .
Updated Brenton (Greek) The priest whomsoever they shall anoint shall make atonement, and whomsoever
they shall consecrate to exercise the priestly office after his father; and he shall put
on the linen robe, the holy garment.
And he shall make atonement for the most holy place, and the tabernacle of
witness; and he shall make atonement for the altar, and for the priests; and he shall
make atonement for all the congregation.
And this shall be to you a perpetual statute to make atonement for the children of
Israel for all their sins: it shall be done once in the year, as the Lord commanded
Moses.
Significant differences:
Limited Vocabulary Translations:
Bible in Basic English And the man on whose head the holy oil has been put, and who has been marked
out to be a priest in his father's place, will do what is necessary to take away sin,
and will put on the linen clothing, even the holy robes:
And he will make the holy place and the Tent of meeting and the altar free from sin;
he will take away sin from the priests and from all the people.
And let this be an order for ever for you, so that the sin of the children of Israel may
be taken away once every year. And he did as the Lord gave orders to Moses.
Easy English .
169 The Book of Leviticus
Easy-to-Read Version–2008 "In the future, this ceremony will be done by the priest who will be anointed and
appointed to serve after his father. That priest will put on the holy linen clothes and
make the Most Holy Place, the Meeting Tent, and the altar pure. He will also make
the priests and all the people pure. That law will continue forever. Once every year
you will purify the Israelites from all their sins." So they did everything that the LORD
had commanded Moses.
God’s Word™The priest who is anointed and ordained to serve as chief priest in his father's place
will pay for sins. He will put on the holy linen clothes and will make peace with the
LORD at the holy place, the tent of meeting, and the altar. He will make peace with
the LORD for the priests and all the worshipers.
"This permanent law tells you how to make peace with the LORD once a year for
all the sins the Israelites committed." Aaron did as the LORD had commanded
Moses.
Good News Bible (TEV) The High Priest, properly ordained and consecrated to succeed his father, is to
perform the ritual of purification. He shall put on the priestly garments and perform
the ritual to purify the Most Holy Place, the rest of the Tent of the LORD's presence,
the altar, the priests, and all the people of the community. These regulations are
to be observed for all time to come. This ritual must be performed once a year to
purify the people of Israel from all their sins. So Moses did as the LORD had
commanded.
The Message .
Names of God Bible .
NIRV .
New Simplified Bible .
Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:
Casual English Bible .
Contemporary English V. The high priest must offer the sacrifices for cleansing from sin, while wearing the
sacred linen clothes. He will offer these sacrifices for the most holy place, the
sacred tent, the bronze altar, all the priests, and for the whole community. You
must celebrate this day each year--it is the Great Day of Forgiveness for all the sins
of the people of Israel. Moses did exactly as the LORD had commanded.
The Living Bible .
New Berkeley Version .
New Life Version .
New Living Translation .
The Passion Translation .
Unfolding Bible Simplified The priest who is anointed with olive oil and set apart from others to serve Yahweh,
he will offer a sacrifice, put on linen clothes that are set apart for the honor of God,
and offer sacrifices. He will do this to purify the very holy place, all of the sacred
tent, the altar, the priests, and all the Israelites, as Aaron did. This will be a
permanent command for you to obey once every year, to enable me to forgive you
Israelite people for the sins that you have committed." Moses obeyed all the
instructions that Yahweh had given to him.
Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:
American English Bible .
Beck’s American Translation .
Common English Bible .
New Advent (Knox) Bible .
Translation for Translators .
Leviticus Chapter 16 170
Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):
Christian Standard Bible .
Berean Study Bible The priest who is anointed and ordained to succeed his father as high priest shall
make atonement. He will put on the sacred linen garments and make atonement for
the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, and for the priests and all
the people of the assembly.
This is to be a permanent statute for you, to make atonement once a year for the
Israelites because of all their sins.” And all this was done as the LORD had
commanded Moses.
Conservapedia Translation .
Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible .
God’s Truth (Tyndale) .
The Heritage Bible And the priest whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall fill his hand to
officiate in the priest’s office after his father, shall make the covering, and shall put
on the linen clothes, the holy garments.
And he shall make a covering for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make a
covering for the tent of appointed meeting, and for the altar, and he shall make a
covering for the priests, and for all the people of the congregation.
And this shall be an everlasting statute to you, to make a covering for the
children of Israel for all their sins once a year. And he did as Jehovah commanded
Moses. Heb 9:7
International Standard V “The priest who has been anointed and consecrated to be priest after his father is
to make the atonement. He is to put on the sacred linen clothing and make
atonement for the sacred sanctuary, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar where
atonement is carried out. He is also to make atonement for the priests and the
people of the entire assembly. This will be a perpetual statute for you as you make
atonement once a year for the Israelis on account of all their sins.”
So Moses did just as the Lord had commanded him.
H. C. Leupold .
Lexham English Bible .
NIV, ©2011 .
Unfolding Bible Literal Text .
Urim-Thummim Version And the priest who is anointed and who will be consecrated to act as High Priest in
the priesthood (in succession of his dad) will make the Propitiatory-Covering and will
put on the linen clothes, even those Holy garments. He will make Propitiatory-
Covering for the Holy Place and he will make Propitiatory-Covering for the
Tabernacle at the Appointed Place and for the Altar, and he will make Propitiatory-
Covering for the priests, and for all the people of the nation. This will be an age
lasting statute for you to make Propitiatory-Covering for the children of Israel for all
their sins once a year. And he did as YHWH commanded Moses.
Wikipedia Bible Project And the priest who will be anointed, who will fill his hand, to be priest under his
father, will atone. And he wore the linen clothes, the holy clothes.
And he will atones the holy holy-place, and the tent of events, and atone over the
altar, and he will atone over the priests and over all the people of the congregation.
And this was to you an eternal statute: to atone for the sons of Israel from all their
sins, once a year, and he will do as Yahweh commanded of Moses.
Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):
Christian Community (1988) The priest who is anointed and ordained to succeed his father will make atonement.
He shall put on the linen garments, the holy garments, and will make atonement for
the Holy Place, for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar. He shall also make
atonement for the priests and all the people of the assembly. This shall be for you
171 The Book of Leviticus
a lasting ordinance to make atonement for the people of Israel once a year,
because of all their sins.”
And Moses did as Yahweh commanded him.
New American Bible (2011) .
The Catholic Bible .
New Jerusalem Bible .
NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .
Revised English Bible–1989 .
Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:
Complete Jewish Bible .
exeGeses companion Bible .
Hebraic Roots Bible .
Kaplan Translation .
The Scriptures–2009 “And the priest, who is anointed and ordained to serve as priest in his father’s place,
shall make atonement, and shall put on the linen garments, the set-apart
garments, and he shall make atonement for the Most Set-apart Place, and make
atonement for the Tent of Appointment and for the slaughter-place, and make
atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
“And this shall be for you a law forever, to make atonement for the children of
Yisra’ìl, for all their sins, once a year.” And he did as éäåä commanded Mosheh.
Tree of Life Version The kohen who is anointed and who is consecrated to be kohen in his father’s place
will make the atonement, and put on the linen garments, the holy garments. He is
to make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, for the Tent of Meeting, for the altar, for
the kohanim, and for all the people of the assembly.
“This will be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for Bnei-Yisrael once
in the year because of all their sins.” It was done as Adonai commanded Moses.
Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:
Alpha & Omega Bible THE PRIEST WHOMSOEVER THEY SHALL ANOINT SHALL MAKE
ATONEMENT, AND WHOMSOEVER THEY SHALL CONSECRATE TO EXERCISE
THE PRIESTLY OFFICE AFTER HIS FATHER; AND HE SHALL PUT ON THE
LINEN ROBE, THE HOLY GARMENT.
AND HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT FOR THE MOST HOLY PLACE, AND THE
TABERNACLE OF WITNESS; AND HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT FOR THE
ALTAR, AND FOR THE PRIESTS; AND HE SHALL MAKE ATONEMENT FOR ALL
THE CONGREGATION.
AND THIS SHALL BE TO YOU A LONG-TERM STATUTE TO MAKE ATONEMENT
FOR THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL FOR ALL THEIR SINS: IT SHALL BE DONE
ONCE IN THE YEAR, AS JESUS COMMANDED MOSES.”
Awful Scroll Bible The priest, who was to be anointed, and was to fulfill his part to minister as priest
for his father, and is to have made the covering over, is to have put on the white
linen garments, even the designated garments.
He is to have made the covering over in that set apart, even in the set apart place
was he to make the covering over, in the tent of the appointed place, at its altar,
was the priest to make the covering over for the people of the assembly.
It is a continual prescription, to cover over for the sons of Isra-el their misses of the
mark, once a year. Even was he to effect it, as Sustains To Become is to have laid
charge to Moses.
Concordant Literal Version The priest whom one is anointing and whose hands one is filling to serve as priest
instead of his father, will make a propitiatory shelter. He will put on the linen
garments, the holy garments, and make a propitiatory shelter over the holy
Leviticus Chapter 16 172
sanctuary. Over the tent of appointment and the altar shall he make a propitiatory
shelter; over the priests and over all the people of the assembly shall he make a
propitiatory shelter.
This will come to be for you as an eonian statute to make a propitiatory shelter over
the sons of Israel because of all their sins, once a year. And he did just as Yahweh
had instructed Moses.
exeGeses companion Bible And the priest whom he anoints
and whose hand he fills
to priest the priesthood in the stead of his father,
kapars/atones and enrobes the linen clothes
- the holy clothes:
and he kapars/atones for the holy of holies;
and he kapars/atones for the tent of the congregation
and for the sacrifice altar;
and he kapars/atones for the priests
and for all the people of the congregation:
and this becomes an eternal statute to you
to kapar/atone for the sons of Yisra El
for all their sins once a year.
- and he works as Yah Veh misvahed Mosheh.
Orthodox Jewish Bible And the kohen, who has been anointed or who has been given authority to minister
as a kohen in place of his father, shall make kapporah, and shall put on the linen
garments, even the Bigdei Hakodesh;
And he shall make kapporah for the Mikdash HaKodesh, and he shall make
kapporah for the Ohel Mo'ed, and for the Mizbe'ach, and he shall make kapporah
for the kohanim, and for kol HaAm HaKahal.
And this shall be a chukkat olam unto you, to make kapporah for the Bnei Yisroel
for all their chattat once a year. And he did as Hashem commanded Moshe.
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. Therefore shall the priest who shall be anointed6 and installed, to minister as priest
in the stead of his father6 |make propitiation|,—
So then he shall put on the linen! garments6 the holy! garments;
And make propitiation for the holy! sanctuary,
And <for the tent of meeting6 and for the altar> shall he make propitiation,—
<Over the priests also6 and over all the people of the convocation> shall he put
a covering by propitiation.
So shall this become unto you an age-abiding statute,—to put a propitiatory-
covering over the sons of Israel6 because of all their sins,
||Once in the year||.
And he did!
As Yahweh commanded Moses.
Expanded/Embellished Bibles:
The Amplified Bible .
The Expanded Bible .
Kretzmann’s Commentary
Lexham English Bible And the priest who is anointed and who is ordained [Literally “filled his hand”] to serve as
a priest in place of his father shall make atonement; thus [Or “and”] he shall put on
the linen garments, the holy garments, and he shall make atonement for the
sanctuary’s holy place, and he shall make atonement for the tent of assembly and
the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all of the assembly’s
people. And this shall be a lasting statute [Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long
duration”] for you to make atonement for the Israelites [Literally “sons/children of Israel”] one
time in a year from all their sins.”
173 The Book of Leviticus
Syndein/Thieme .
The Voice .
Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:
The Complete Tanach .
The Geneva Bible .
Kaplan Translation The priest who is anointed and installed to be [High] Priest in his ancestor's place
shall make [this] atonement, wearing the sacred vestments of white linen.
He shall be the one to make atonement in the holy [inner] sanctuary, in the
Communion Tent, and on the altar. The atonement that he makes shall be for the
priests and for the people of the community.
[All this] shall be for you as a law for all time, so that the Israelites [will be able to]
gain atonement for their sins once each year.
[Aaron later] did exactly as God had commanded Moses.
ancestor's place
That is, whoever is High Priest just as was Aaron, the father of all priests (cf.
Sifra).
Aaron later
(Rashi; Rashbam).
NET Bible® .
New American Bible (2011) .
New Catholic Bible .
Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .
Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:
A Faithful Version . minister
C. Thomson Updated OT .
Charles Thomson OT That priest shall make the atonement, who shall be anointed, and whose hands
shall be consecrated to officiate as priest after his father. And he shall put on the
linen raiment; the holy raiment, and shall make an atonement for the holy sanctuary,
and for the tabernacle of the testimony, and he shall make atonement for the altar;
and he shall make atonement for the priests, and for all the congregation. And the
making this atonement for the children of Israel, for all their sins, shall be to you an
everlasting statute. It shall be made once a year, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Context Group Version And the priest, who shall be anointed and who shall be consecrated to be priest in
his father's place, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen garments,
even the special garments: and he shall make atonement for the special special
place; and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar; and
he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. And
this shall be an everlasting statute to you (pl), to make atonement for the sons of
Israel because of all their disgraceful acts once in the year. And he did as YHWH
commanded Moses.
English Standard Version .
Green’s Literal Translation . Never ending
Legacy Standard Bible .
Literal Standard Version And the priest whom he anoints, and whose hand he consecrates to act as priest
instead of his father, has made atonement, and has put on the linen garments, the
holy garments; and he has made atonement [for] the holy sanctuary; and [for] the
Tent of Meeting, even [for] the altar he makes atonement; indeed, he makes
atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. And this has been
for a continuous statute to you, to make atonement for the sons of Israel, because
of all their sins, once in a year”; and he does as YHWH has commanded Moses.
Leviticus Chapter 16 174
Modern English Version .
Modern Literal Version 2020 And the priest, who will be anointed and who will be consecrated to be priest in his
father's stead, will make the atonement. And he will put on the linen garments, even
the holy garments, and will make atonement for the holy sanctuary and he will make
atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar and he will make atonement for
the priests and for all the people of the assembly. And this will be an everlasting
statute to you*, to make atonement for the sons of Israel because of all their sins
once in the year. And he did as Jehovah commanded Moses.
New American Standard B. .
New European Version .
New King James Version .
Niobi Study Bible .
Owen's Translation .
Revised Mechanical Trans. ...and the administrator, who smeared himself and filled his hand[784] to be adorned
in place of his father, will make restitution, and he will wear the garments of strand,
the special garments, and he will make a covering for the special sanctuary, and the
appointed tent and the altar he will make a covering, and upon the administrators
and upon the people of the assembly he will make a covering, and this will exist for
you for a distant custom to make a covering upon the sons of Yisra'eyl from all their
failures once in the year, and he will do just as YHWH directed Mosheh,...
784. To “fill the hand” is an idiom of uncertain meaning, but the same phrase is
used in Akkadian to mean the placing of a relevant tool or insignia (such as a
scepter for a king) in the hand of one being installed in a high office.
Updated Bible Version 2.17 .
A Voice in the Wilderness And the priest, who is anointed and whose hand is confirmed to serve as priest in
his father's place, shall make atonement, and put on the linen clothes, the holy
garments; and he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make
atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement
for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. This shall be a perpetual
statute for you, to make atonement for the children of Israel, for all their sins, once
a year. And he did as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
Webster’s Bible Translation .
World English Bible .
Young's Literal Translation .
Young’s Updated LT .
The gist of this passage:
32-34
Leviticus 16:32a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as simple wâw conjunction No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
175 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:32a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
kôhên (ëÌÉäÅï) [pronounced
koh-HANE]priest; principal officer or chief ruler
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #3548
BDB #463
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
mâshach (îÈùÇç)
[pronounced maw-
SHAHKH]
to smear, to anoint 3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong’s #4886
BDB #602
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
him, it; he; untranslated mark of a
direct object; occasionally to him,
toward him
sign of the direct object
affixed to a 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #853
BDB #84
wa (or va) (åÇ)
[pronounced wah]
and so, and then, then, and; so,
that, yet, therefore, consequently;
because
wâw consecutive No Strong’s #
BDB #253
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
mâlê( (îÈìÅà) [pronounced
maw-LAY]
to fill, to make full, to fill up, to fulfill;
to overflow; to satisfy; to complete,
to accomplish, to confirm
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong's #4390
BDB #569
In Exodus 31:5 35:33, this is variously translated for setting, for finishing, to finish [or set] (them).
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
yâd (éÈã) [pronounced
yawd]generally translated hand
feminine singular noun
with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong's #3027
BDB #388
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kâhan (ëÌÈäÇï) [pronounced
kaw-HAHN]
to act as a priest, to be [become] a
priest, to serve [function] [as a
priest], to minister as a priest
Piel infinitive Strong’s #3547
BDB #464
tachath (úÌÇçÇú)
[pronounced TAH-
khahth]
underneath, below, under, beneath;
instead of, in lieu of; in the place [in
which one stands]; in exchange for;
on the basis of
preposition of location
or foundation
Strong’s #8478
BDB #1065
Leviticus Chapter 16 176
Leviticus 16:32a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(âb (àÈá) [pronounced
awbv]
father, both as the head of a
household, clan or tribe; ancestor,
grandfather; founder, civil leader,
military leader; master, teacher
masculine singular
noun with the 3rd person
masculine singular
suffix
Strong’s #1
BDB #3
Translation: And the priest who will anoint him will make an atonement and who will fill up his hand, to act as
priest instead of his father.
One of Aaron’s sons will take over the priestly duties of Aaron. Aaron would, therefore, guide his son as to what
to do.
Leviticus 16:32a And the priest who will anoint him will make an atonement and who will fill up his hand, to act
as priest instead of his father. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
When I first translated this, I kept all of v. 32 together, as follows:
"And the priest will make a covering; whoever is anointed and whose hand is filled as priest in his father's place
wearing the linen garments, the holy garments. [Leviticus 16:32]
When someone has their hands full it means that they had more than enough to do. When, as it was put in those
days, someone had their hand filled, then he had a responsibility, a vocation, a calling, which occupied his time.27
This expression is often translated installed, consecrated. The Piel imperfect of the verb acts almost like a passive
voice. That is, the priest did not go out and solicit this position; it was given him by God.
Allow me to quote from Zodhiates concerning the use of the Piel: the Piel stem refers to an
accomplished or established state of being, without regard to the process or events that brought it
about (a meaning reserved to the Qal stem). The Piel stem is used to refer to verbal facts and results.
In the Piel stem, the object of the verb is passively transformed so that there is an idea of causation
inherent in the meaning, though this causative aspect is never the point of emphasis. It may refer to
the difference between a current state and the one that is to be established...Many occupations and
repetitive acts are referred to by the Piel stem28.
This just lets the Israelites know that this great day of atonement continues throughout time, past the death of
Aaron and that someone else will take Aaron's place; and then someone will take his place.
Leviticus 16:32b–33a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
lâbash (ìÈáÇù)
[pronounced lawb-
VAHSH]
to put on, to clothe, to be clothed, to
wear
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong’s #3847
BDB #527
27 Bullinger, p. 607.
28 Zodhiates Complete Word Study Old Testament, p. 2280.
177 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:32b–33a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing, apparel;
possibly blankets
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
bad (áÌÇã) [pronounced
bahd]white linen for priestly garments
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #906
BDB #94
begâdîym (áÌÀâÈãÄéí)
[pronounced be-gaw-
DEEM]
garments, clothes, clothing, apparel;
possibly blankets
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #899
BDB #93
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy thing;
possibly, a sacred [holy, set apart]
place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
mîqeddâsh/miqqedâsh
(îÄ÷ÀãÌÈù/îÄ÷ÌÀãÈù)
[pronounced mihkd-
DAWSH, mihk-qeh-
DAWSH]
sanctuary, sacred place, holy place;
Tabernacle; Temple; a synonym for
the Tabernacle of God
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #4720
BDB #874
qôdesh (÷ÉãÆù)
[pronounced koh-DESH]
holiness, sacredness, apartness,
that which is holy, a most holy thing;
possibly, a sacred [holy, set apart]
place
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6944
BDB #871
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
Leviticus Chapter 16 178
Leviticus 16:32b–33a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
(ohel (àÉäÆì) [pronounced
OH-hel]
tent, tabernacle, house, temporary
dwelling
masculine singular
construct
Strong's #168
BDB #13
môw)êd (îåÉòÅã)
[pronounced moh-
ÌADE]
a specific (set, pre-determined,
appointed) time; a point in time; a
sacred season, a set feast; an
appointed meeting; an appointed
place [where people meet; of an
assembly]; a specific sign or signal;
an assembly
masculine singular
noun
Strong's #4150
BDB #417
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
mizebêach (îÄæÀáÌÅçÇ)
[pronounced miz-BAY-
ahkh]
altar; possibly monument
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong’s #4196
BDB #258
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
Is this the last verb of this sentence, or the first verb of the next sentence?
Translation: And he will put on the garments of white linen, the garments of the Holy (Place); and he has made
an atonement for the sanctuary of holiness and the Tent of Meeting, and he will make atonement for the altar.
An atonement ceremony is done by the son of Aaron (not sure which one). He will put on the white linen garments
(there is a high priest set of clothes, but this does not appear to be it); and he will go through the ceremony of
atoning for the main sanctuary, which is in the Tabernacle; and the Tabernacle itself; and the altar which sits out
in front of the Tabernacle.
Leviticus 16:33b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
kôhên (ëÌÉäÅï) [pronounced
koh-HANE]priest; principal officer or chief ruler masculine plural noun
with the definite article
Strong's #3548
BDB #463
179 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:33b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]
every, each, all of, all; any of, any;
some have translated, all manner of
masculine singular
construct not followed
by a definite article
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
)am (òÇí) [pronounced
ìahm]
people; race, tribe; family, relatives;
citizens, common people;
companions, servants; entire human
race; herd [of animals]
masculine singular
construct
Strong’s #5971
BDB #766
qâhâl (÷ÈäÈì) [pronounced
kaw-HAWL]
an organized assembly, a
congregation, a called convocation;
this is not just a crowd, but people
who were assembled for a reason
masculine singular
noun with the definite
article
Strong's #6951
BDB #874
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel imperfect
Strong's #3722
BDB #497
Translation: And he will make atonement for the priests and all people of the congregation.
This new priest will also make atonement for the other priests and for all the people of the congregation.
Leviticus 16:32b–33 And he will put on the garments of white linen, the garments of the Holy (Place); and he has
made an atonement for the sanctuary of holiness and the Tent of Meeting, and he will make atonement for the
altar. And he will make atonement for the priests and all people of the congregation. (Kukis mostly literal
translation)
All those things which represent that which is holy must be covered, as all that is in the earth is corrupt and it must
be ceremonially cleansed to represent the things which are above.
Leviticus 16:34a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
we (or ve) (åÀ or åÌ)
[pronounced weh]
and, even, then; namely; when;
since, that; though; as well as
simple wâw
conjunction
No Strong’s #
BDB #251
hâyâh (äÈéÈä) [pronounced
haw-YAW]
to be, is, was, are; to become, to
come into being; to come to pass
3rd person feminine
singular, Qal perfect
Strong's #1961
BDB #224
Leviticus Chapter 16 180
Leviticus 16:34a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
zô(th (æÉàú) [pronounced
zoth]
here, this, this one; thus; possibly
another
feminine of singular
zeh; demonstrative
pronoun
Strong’s #2063 (&
2088, 2090) BDB
#260
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to
directional/relational
preposition with the 2nd
person masculine
plural suffix
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
chuqqâh (çË÷ÌÇä)
[pronounced khoo-
KAWH]
that which is established or defined;
statute, ordinance, law [often of
God]; enactment; practice, custom;
limit; right, privilege
feminine singular
construct
Strong's #2708
BDB #349
)ôwlâm (òåÉìÈí)
[pronounced ìo-LAWM]
properly what is hidden [time]; of [in]
times past, from ancient time, old,
antiquity, long duration, everlasting,
eternal, forever, perpetuity; for future
time, futurity; of the world, worldly
masculine singular
noun
Strong’s #5769
BDB #761
lâmed (ìÀ) [pronounced le]to, for, towards, in regards to directional/relational
preposition
No Strong’s #
BDB #510
kâphar (ëÌÈôÇø)
[pronounced kaw-FAHR]
to cover, to cover over [with], to be
covered [with]; to spread over; to
appease, to placate, to pacify; to
pardon, to expiate; to atone, to
make an atonement [for]; to obtain
forgiveness; to free an offender of a
charge
Piel infinitive Strong's #3722
BDB #497
)al (òÇì) [pronounced
ìahl]
upon, beyond, on, against, above,
over, by, beside preposition of proximity Strong’s #5921
BDB #752
bânîym (áÌÈðÄéí)
[pronounced baw-
NEEM]
sons, descendants; children; people;
sometimes rendered men; young
men, youths
masculine plural
construct
Strong’s #1121
BDB #119
Yiserâ(êl (éÄùÒÀøÇàÅì)
[pronounced yis-raw-
ALE]
God prevails; contender; soldier of
God; transliterated Israel
masculine proper
noun; God-given name
to Jacob; and national
name for the Jewish
people
Strong’s #3478 &
#3479 BDB #975
min (îÄï) [pronounced
mihn]
from, away from, out from, out of
from, off, on account of, since,
above, than, so that not, beyond,
more than, greater than
preposition of
separation
Strong's #4480
BDB #577
kôl (ëÌÉì) [pronounced
kohl]
with a plural noun, it is rendered all
of, all; any of
masculine singular
construct with a
masculine plural noun
Strong’s #3605
BDB #481
181 The Book of Leviticus
Leviticus 16:34a
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
Literally, min kôl (ëÌÉì îÄï) [pronounced mihn-kohl] means, from all, from every. However, together, various literal
translations give the following renderings: about all, of all (1Sam. 23:23); over all, more than all, above all (Gen.
3:14); from among all (Exodus 19:5).
chaþþâ(th (çÇèÌÈàú)
[pronounced khat-
TAWTH]
misstep, slip of the foot; sin;
sinfulness; a sin-offering; penalty [for
sin], calamity, misfortune
feminine plural noun
with the 3rd person
masculine plural suffix
Strong's #2403
BDB #308
(echâd (àÆçÈã)
[pronounced eh-
KHAWD]
one, first, certain, only; each, every;
but it can also mean a composite
unity; possibly particular; anyone;
same
feminine singular
numeral adjective
Strong's #259
BDB #25
be (áÌÀ) [pronounced beh]
in, into, through; at, by, near, on,
upon; with, before, against; by
means of; among; within
a preposition of
proximity
No Strong’s #
BDB #88
shânâh (ùÈðÈä)
[pronounced shaw-NAW]year feminine singular noun
with the definite article
Strong’s #8141
BDB #1040
Translation: And [all of] this has been for you (all) a perpetual statute, to make an atonement over the sons of
Israel [to separate them] from all their sins once in the year.
What is found here in this chapter will become a statute which Israel will follow every year, in order to make an
atonement for the sins of Israel once a year. This will be known as the Great Day of Atonement.
Leviticus 16:34b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
wa (or va) (åÇ)
[pronounced wah]
and so, and then, then, and; so,
that, yet, therefore, consequently;
because
wâw consecutive No Strong’s #
BDB #253
)âsâh (òÈùÉÈä) [pronounced
ìaw-SAWH]
to do, to make, to construct, to
produce, to fashion, to form, to
prepare, to manufacture; accomplish
3rd person masculine
singular, Qal imperfect
Strong's #6213
BDB #793
kaph or ke (ëÌÀ)
[pronounced ke]
like, as, according to; about,
approximately
preposition of
comparison,
resemblance or
approximation
No Strong’s #
BDB #453
(ãsher (àÂÉùÆø)
[pronounced ash-ER]
that, which, when, who, whom;
where
relative pronoun;
sometimes the verb to
be is implied
Strong's #834
BDB #81
Together, ka(ãsher (ëÌÇàÂùÆø) [pronounced kah-uh-SHER] means as which, as one who, as, like as, even as, just
as, according as; because; according to what manner, in a manner as, when, about when. Back in 1Sam. 12:8,
I rendered this for example. In Gen. 44:1, I have translated this, as much as.
Leviticus Chapter 16 182
Leviticus 16:34b
Hebrew/Pronunciation Common English Meanings Notes/Morphology BDB & Strong #’s
tsâvâh (öÈåÈä) [pronounced
tsaw-VAW]
to commission, to mandate, to
appoint; to ordain; to lay charge
upon, to give charge to, to charge
[command, order]; to instruct [as in,
giving an order]
3rd person masculine
singular, Piel perfect
Strong's #6680
BDB #845
YHWH (éäåä)
[pronunciation is possibly
yhoh-WAH]
transliterated variously as Jehovah,
Yahweh, Yehowah proper noun Strong’s #3068
BDB #217
(êth (àÆç) [pronounced
ayth]
generally untranslated; possibly be
translated to, toward (s)
mark of a direct object;
indicates next word is
the object of the verb
Strong's #853
BDB #84
Mosheh (îÉùÆä)
[pronounced moh-
SHEH]
to draw out [of the water] and is
transliterated Moses masculine proper noun Strong’s #4872
BDB #602
Translation: And Moses will do [all] that Yehowah has mandated [him to do]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Moses is overseeing everything that is in this chapter; and he will do all that God has required him to do.
Leviticus 16:34 And [all of] this has been for you (all) a perpetual statute, to make an atonement over the sons
of Israel [to separate them] from all their sins once in the year. And Moses will do [all] that Yehowah has mandated
[him to do]. (Kukis mostly literal translation)
Notice the chain of command; Yehowah spoke to Moses who then spoke to Aaron. See the chart of the Day of
Atonement in the Chapter Summary. And what does all of this to mean to us as believers? Since, therefore,
brothers, we have confidence with reference to access to the holy place by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living
way which He inaugurated on our behalf through the veil, that is, His flesh, and because [He is] a great priest over
the house of God, then let us draw near with a sincere heart in full confidence from doctrine, having our hearts
sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water (Hebrews 10:19–22).
Leviticus 16:32–34 And the priest who will anoint him will make an atonement and who will fill up his hand, to act
as priest instead of his father. And he will put on the garments of white linen, the garments of the Holy (Place);
and he has made an atonement for the sanctuary of holiness and the Tent of Meeting, and he will make
atonement for the altar. And he will make atonement for the priests and all people of the congregation. And [all
of] this has been for you (all) a perpetual statute, to make an atonement over the sons of Israel [to separate them]
from all their sins once in the year. And Moses will do [all] that Yehowah has mandated [him to do]. (Kukis mostly
literal translation)
Leviticus 16:32–34 The next in line to acts as priest, one of Aaron’s sons, will make the atonement and take on
the responsibility of acting as priest instead of his father. He, instead of Aaron, will put on the white linen clothing,
the clothing of the Holy place. He will perform the ceremonies to make an atonement for the holy sanctuary and
the Tent of Meeting. He will also make an atonement for the altar. Furthermore, he will make an atonement for
the priests and all the people of the congregation. All of this will become a perpetual statute, where atonement
is made for the sons of Israel, to ritually separate them from their sins each year. Therefore, Moses will do all the
Jehovah has required him to do. (Kukis paraphrase)
Beginning of Document Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines
183 The Book of Leviticus
Introduction and Text First Verse Addendum
www.kukis.org Leviticus folder Exegetical Studies in Leviticus
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A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary
A Brief Review of Leviticus 16:
Leviticus 16 in subsections:
Leviticus 16:1–2 Jehovah spoke to Moses shortly after the deaths of Aaron’s two sons, when the came near to
the Presence of God with strange incense and died as a result. So Jehovah said to Moses, “You need to carefully
instruct your brother Aaron. He cannot simply enter into the Holy of Holies, behind the veil, at any time. After all,
the Presence of God may be found upon the Mercy Seat. If he follows instructions, he will not die nor will his sons
die when I appear in the cloud over the Mercy Seat. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:3–4 Aaron will come to the holy place in this manner: he will bring a young bull for a sin-offering and
a ram for a burnt-offering. He will wear white linen clothing—an undergarment, drawers, a belt and a
turbine—everything made from white linen. These are the holy garments of his priesthood. He will put them on
after thoroughly washing himself. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:5–6 Aaron must make an atonement for himself and his house, due to the treachery of his two sons
who died the sin unto death. He will take from the assembly of the sons of Israel two kids of the boats for a sin-
offierng and one ram for a burnt-offering. Aaron will also bring near to be sacrificed a bull of the sin-offering that
[is] specifically for himself. By these offerings, he will have atoned for himself and for his house. (Kukis
paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:7–10 Aaron will them take two goats and present them before Jehovah at the opening of the Tent
of Meeting. Aaron will cast lots on behalf of both goats: the lot upon one of them will dedicate it to Yehowah; and
the lot on the other one will be its escape. Aaron then brings near to the Tent the goat dedicated to Jehovah, and
he presents it as a sin-offering before God. However, the other goat will be presented alive before Jehovah, and
then it will be set free in the desert-wilderness. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:11–12 Aaron brings near the young bull for the sin-offering, which offering is for him and it will also
atone for his house. He will slaughter the young bull, the sin-offering, which [is] specifically for him. The bull is
placed upon the altar and then Aaron will take a fire pan and fill it with coals from the fire on the altar. All of this
is done in the presence of Jehovah. Also, Aaron will take two handfuls of incense, ground up and made from
several spices. He will take all of this behind the veil of the Tabernacle. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:13–14 While in the Holy of Holies, Aaron will put the incense on top of his fire pan (which is filled with
hot coals) before Jehovah. By doing this, he will covered the Mercy Seat, which is on top of the Ark of Testimony,
with a cloud of incense smoke. As a result of this ritual, he will not die. Then he will take some of the blood of
the bull and he will sprinkle this blood with his finger in front of the Mercy Seat facing eastward. And standing
before the Mercy Seat, Aaron will sprinkle with his finger seven times, using the blood he collected. (Kukis
paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:15–16 Aaron will then slaughter the goat for the sin-offering, which offering is done on behalf of the
people of Israel. Then he will take its blood behind the curtain and do with this blood as he had done with the
blood of the bull. He will sprinkle it on the Mercy Seat and in front of the Mercy Seat. By this ritual, Aaron will have
covered over the Sanctuary, cleansing it from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel and from their transgressions
and sins. Thus, by doing this, he has prepared the Tent of Meeting, which is near them, for use, even in the midst
of their uncleanness. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus Chapter 16 184
Leviticus 16:17–19 As long as Aaron is making atonement in the Holy Place, no one is to be inside of the Tent
of Meeting. He will atone for himself, for his household and for all Israel. He will go out to the altar, which altar
is before Jehovah, and he will make an atonement for the altar itself. He will take some of the blood of the bull
and of the goat and place it on and around the horns of the altar. He will dip his finger into the blood and sprinkled
it seven times toward the altar. By doing all of this, Aaron has cleansed the altar and he has set it apart even from
all the uncleanness of the sons of Israel. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:20–22 And once Aaron has come to the end of making atonement for the Holy of Holies, the Tent
of Meeting and the Brazen Altar, then he will bring near the remaining goat, the one which is still alive. Aaron will
place his two hands on the head of this goat and then confess before God all of the iniquities of the sons of Israel,
along with all of their trespasses and all of their sins. Ritually, he has transferred these iniquities to the goat. Then
he sends the goat away into the wilderness where it will never by found, by the hand of a man standing there ready
to take the goat away. By this, the goat carries on itself all of the iniquities of Israel into a separate land, going
deep into the uninhabited wilderness. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:23–25 After the goat has been led away, Aaron will go back into the Tent of meeting and take off his
white linen priestly clothing which he worn coming into this Holy Place. He will set them down there and wash
himself with waters in that sacred place. Then he will put his clothing back on and come back out again. He will
then make a burnt offering on behalf of himself and on behalf of the people. After he has atoned for himself and
the people, he will take the fat from this sin-offering and cause it to be smoked upon the altar. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:26–28 The one who sent away the scapegoat will wash his clothing and himself with water. After
that, he may come back into the camp. Another priest who has brought the blood of the bull and the goat into the
Holy place to perform the atonement ritual, he will then take the hides, the flesh and the dung of these animals
outside the camp and burn them there. Then before returning to the camp, he will wash his clothing and himself
with water. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:29–31 This set of rituals, previously described, will be for you all a statute of long duration, to take
place during the seventh month on the tenth day of that month. This is a day when you will humble your souls.
You will not do any work on this day, nor will the native-born resident or the immigrant who ilives among you. On
this day, the priest will atone for you to cleanse you fall all of your sins. Before Jehovah, you will be made clean.
This is a Sabbath day of rest for you, during which you will humble your souls. This ritual will continue for a long
time. (Kukis paraphrase)
Leviticus 16:32–34 The next in line to acts as priest, one of Aaron’s sons, will make the atonement and take on
the responsibility of acting as priest instead of his father. He, instead of Aaron, will put on the white linen clothing,
the clothing of the Holy place. He will perform the ceremonies to make an atonement for the holy sanctuary and
the Tent of Meeting. He will also make an atonement for the altar. Furthermore, he will make an atonement for
the priests and all the people of the congregation. All of this will become a perpetual statute, where atonement
is made for the sons of Israel, to ritually separate them from their sins each year. Therefore, Moses will do all the
Jehovah has required him to do. (Kukis paraphrase)
The idea here is, there are things which we find in this chapter which are extremely important.
Why Leviticus 16 is in the Word of God
1. T
2.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
185 The Book of Leviticus
These are things which we learn while studying this particular chapter.
What We Learn from Leviticus 16
1. T
2.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Many chapters of the Bible look forward to Jesus Christ in some way or another. A person or situation might
foreshadow the Lord or His work on the cross (or His reign over Israel in the Millennium). The chapter may
contain a prophecy about the Lord or it may, in some way, lead us toward the Lord (for instance, by means of
genealogy).
Jesus Christ in Leviticus 16
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Shmoop tends to be rather flippant. It is not unusual for his summaries to be longer than the text which is being
summarized.
Shmoop Summary of Leviticus 16
Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch
• After the yuck-filled tedium of the purity laws, the writer loops back to the deaths of Nadab and Abihu to
at least pretend he's telling a story.
• God tells Aaron that if he and his leftover sons don't want to die, Aaron has to make atonement for his
whole family. It's a lot like the end of the last chapter, except instead of bodily fluids at home, there are
dead bodies in the Tabernacle.
• Do you see what he did there? The book so far has been going on about how unclean and sinful things
at home also pollute the holy Tabernacle. Well, hey, whaddaya know, it's exactly like having dead bodies
pollute the Tabernacle.
• And Leviticus just happens to have the perfect ritual that will take all this away.
• In English, it's called the day of atonement, but its Hebrew name is much more famous: Yom Kippur.
It Was the Best of Goats, It Was the Worst of Goats
• The rest of the chapter describes a religious ceremony that is the basis of this important Jewish holiday.
• It also helps explain the ending of The Dark Knight. Except the hero of our tale is not a bat. It's a goat.
• Here's what happens. Aaron takes a young bull to the Tabernacle courtyard to be sacrificed. Then a goat
wearing a cape rushes in and kicks the knife out of Aaron's hands before he can kill again.
• Well, not really. What actually happens is much more dramatic.
• First, Aaron brings to the Tabernacle a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. For the
high priest, this is just like going to work with a briefcase and Blackberry, except in this case, they smell
pretty bad.
• Then, he goes to the regular Israelites and gets a ram for a burnt offering and two he-goats for a sin
offering.
• Confused? No problem. The most important thing to know here is that following Aaron's example, the high
priest in the traditional Yom Kippur ceremony gets animals to atone for himself and animals to atone for
Leviticus Chapter 16 186
Shmoop Summary of Leviticus 16
all of Israel.
Luck Be a He-Goat Tonight
• But he doesn't sacrifice them right away. This ceremony is much more elaborate.
• Aaron—again setting the example for future high priests—takes out a couple of lots, which in ancient
Israel can refer to flat stones, sticks, or dice a lot like the ones used today except with far less plastic.
• Whatever the lots look like, Aaron marks one "God" and the other, "Azazel" or "scapegoat," depending
on which version of the English Bible he happens to be reading.
• What are Israelites talking about when they talk about Azazel? The dirty Levitical secret is that no one's
really sure.
• Some think he's an old, forgotten demon who lives in the wilderness. Because he's not mentioned
anywhere else in the Bible, all we know about this Azazel is that he has a killer goat collection.
• Anthropologist Mary Douglas observes that "Azazel" can be translated as "the one that God (el) sent
away." Which, by the way, is exactly what is going to happen in this ritual.
• The writer of Leviticus likes names that are punny. When death is poised to strike in Leviticus 24, he will
pun four times.
• For our purposes, from here on out we'll just call the goat the Azazel goat, since that's the word in the
original Hebrew.
• According to the long-lost rules of Bible Yahtzee, the roll of the dice decides which goat is the God goat
and which goat is the Azazel goat.
• Guess which one of these two goats gets sacrificed as a sin offering?
• If you picked the Azazel goat, sorry. The God goat's reward for winning the atonement lottery is to get
grilled and eaten.
https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/leviticus/chapter-16-summary.html accessed June 22, 2024.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
The Day of Atonement (a chart)
(Not sure if I will keep this or rework it?)
This was to take place once a year on the tenth day of the seventh month (Leviticus 16:29 23:27 Heb. 9:7).
The Act and What Takes Place
Performed
by
Stated Purpose Scriptural
Reference
Its Actual Meaning
• The gathering of items needed by the high priest for the Day of Atonement, which include a bull and a
ram, the holy garments (the holy linen tunic, the linen undergarments, the linen sash, linen turban).
Aaron (the
high priest)
The bull is for a sin offering and the ram is for a burnt offering. Lev. 16:3–4a
The sacrifices will cleanse Aaron (or the high priest) and the clothing sets him apart to God's work.
• The cleansing of the high priest.
187 The Book of Leviticus
Aaron None specifically stated Lev. 16:4b
This again speaks of the cleansing of the high priest, as Jesus Christ had to be clean from sin in order to
offer Himself on our behalf..
• Aaron takes from the congregation two male goats and a ram.
Aaron The goats are for a sin offering and the ram is for a burnt offering Lev. 16:5
These will speak symbolically of the sanctification of Israel and, by wider application, the sanctification of all
mankind. From an historical perspective, Aaron represents Israel, whose sins were symbolically atoned for
with the many sacrifices described in the book of Leviticus.
• Aaron approaches with the bull of the herd. He apparently does not sacrifice the bull yet.
Aaron This is to make a covering (or atonement) for himself. Lev. 16:6
Aaron must be ceremonially clean in order to enter into the holy of holies and offer a sacrifice on behalf of
the entire congregation. Our Lord had to be without spot and without blemish in order to go to the cross on
our behalf.
• Aaron presents the two goats before Yahweh at the doorway to the tent of meeting and casts lots.
Aaron Lots are cast to determine which goat dies and which becomes the
scapegoat.
Lev. 16:7–8
The goat which is sacrificed represents our Lord Jesus Christ dying for our sins on the cross; the goat which
is to be let go in the wilderness carries the sins of Israel far from Israel as God removes our sins far from
us.
• The goat upon which the lot of the Lord fell is presented to Yahweh as a sin offering; it is not yet
slaughtered.
Aaron This goat is a sin offering for Israel. Lev. 16:9
As noted above, the goat that is a sin offering represents our Lord dying on our behalf on the cross.
• The scapegoat is presented before the Lord alive.
Aaron This goat will make a covering (or, atonement) on behalf of Israel. Lev. 16:10
This goat represents both our Lord's resurrection and the removal of our sins.
• The bull is slaughtered.
Aaron The offering of the bull makes atonement for Aaron and his household. Lev. 16:11
The one who represents our Lord must be ceremonially cleans as our Lord is sinless.
• Aaron will take a firepan full of coals and incense and bring it inside the veil. The cloud of the incense
is to fill the holy of holies, covering even the mercy seat.
Leviticus Chapter 16 188
Aaron The cloud of incense will cover the mercy seat so that Aaron is not killed
under the principle the sin unto death.
Lev. 16:12–13
Aaron is in the presence of God when in the holy of holies. When in the presence of God, we must be
covered or protected or shielded from God's perfection, which demands the ultimate penalty for our
rebellion against Him. Our being in Christ allows us to be in the presence of God.
• The blood from the bull is sprinkled on the mercy seat seven times on the east side and on the
ground.
Aaron Not specifically stated. Lev. 16:14
This blood represents the blood from our Lord's hand which dripped from the cross onto the ground. Seven
times is the number of divine completion; the cross completed all that was necessary for our salvation.
• The goat is slaughtered and its blood is taken into the holy of holies and sprinkled seven times on the
mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat.
Aaron This is done as a sin offering for the people. Lev. 16:15
This is again our Lord on the cross dying for our sins, the blood representing the actual blood from His
hands and also representing His spiritual death—the judgement of our sins—on our behalf.
• Aaron will emerge from the holy of holies take some of the blood from the bull and from the goat and
put it on the protrusions of the brazen altar.
Aaron To make atonement for the altar, to cleanse it and to set it apart; and to
cleanse the sons of Israel for their impurities.
Lev. 16:18–19
The altar is an earthly copy of what is in heaven; it must be covered or atoned for, in order to be used to
represent our Lord's death on our behalf. Our Lord is in the Holy of Holies right now.
• Aaron approaches Yahweh with the live goat, lays both of his hands upon the head of the live goat.
Aaron The sins, transgressions and iniquities of Israel are born by the goat. Lev. 16:20–22
The goat is our Lord removing our transgressions far from us.
• The goat is taken away and released into the desert.
A prepared
man
The goat bears the iniquities of Israel. Lev. 16:22
The prepared man is our Lord; who releases the goat into the desert, which also represents our Lord
carrying our sins far from us.
• Aaron returns to the tabernacle and removes his garments and leaves them in the tabernacle.
Aaron No stated purpose. Lev. 16:23
This means more than the ritual is pretty much over. Our Lord, when brought down from the cross, had his
human body wrapped and when he was resurrected, he left these wrappings behind in the grave.
189 The Book of Leviticus
• Aaron will bathe himself in the holy place.
Aaron No stated purpose. Lev. 16:24a
Aaron is still just a man and this cleansing allows him to continue in this ritual. Our Lord, although He took
upon Himself our sins, was raised sinless from death.
• Aaron would put on his clothes and come out of the tabernacle.
Aaron No stated purpose. Lev. 16:24b
This is the resurrection of our Lord in His new body.
• Aaron would offer the two burnt offerings.
Aaron These offerings would atone for himself and for the people. Lev. 16:24c
The burnt offerings represent a sweet savor to God the Father, Who accepted the sacrifice of His Son on
our behalf. This act represents the acceptance of God the Father.
• The fat of the sin offerings (the bull and the goat) are burned upon the altar.
Aaron No stated purpose. Lev. 16:25
Again, that which is burned represents a sweet savor to God the Father, Who accepts the substitutionary
work of HIs Son on our behalf. This is our Lord's ascension into heaven.
• The man who released the scapegoat in the desert will bathe himself and return to the camp.
The prepared
man
No stated purpose. Lev. 16:26
Once our sins have been removed from us, our Lord returns to us (the second advent).
• What remains of the sin offerings (the hides and flesh and refuse of the goat and bull) are burned in a
fire outside the camp, presumably in the area where unclean things are disposed of.
Not stated No stated purpose. Lev. 16:27
That which remains corrupted by sin is taken outside the camp and burned, just as the unbelievers who fail
to appropriate the provision of God, spend eternity in the Lake of Fire, which was prepared for the devil and
his angels.
• The one who burns the remains of the two sin offerings washes his clothes and bathes his flesh and
then returns to the camp.
Not stated No stated purpose. Lev. 16:28
Once our Lord judges all of mankind and throws them along with the devil and his angels into the Lake of
Fire, He returns to the earth to rule, making a new heavens and a new earth (this is the cleansed clothing
and flesh.
Leviticus Chapter 16 190
• Finally, and most importantly (from the human standpoint), the people will approach God on this day
in humility (grace-orientation) and they will do not work.
The Israelites The ritual is the cleanse them from all their sins before the Lord. Lev. 16:30–31
We can do nothing to obtain salvation; we can only believe in Him who provided it for us.
Alfred Edersheim wrote a book called The Bible History, Old Testament, which is very similar to Josephus,
where he simply rewrites much of what is in the Bible, and adds in notes and comments as he deems to be
relevant.
This comes from Chapter 14, entitled Analysis Of The Book Of Leviticus.
Edersheim Summarizes Leviticus 16
To sum up its general contents - it tells us in its first Part (1-16.) how Israel was to approach God, together with
what, symbolically speaking, was inconsistent with such approaches; and in its second Part (17-27.) how,
having been brought near to God, the people were to maintain, to enjoy, and to exhibit the state of grace of
which they had become partakers. Of course, all is here symbolical, and we must regard the directions and
ordinances as conveying in an outward form so many spiritual truths. Perhaps we might go so far as to say, that
Part 1 of Leviticus exhibits, in a symbolical form, the doctrine of justification, and Part * that of sanctification;
or, more accurately, the manner of access to God, and the holiness which is the result of that access.
* So literally.
Part 1 (1-16.), which tells Israel how to approach God so as to have communion with Him, appropriately opens
with a description of the various kinds of sacrifices. (Leviticus 1-7) It next treats of the priesthood.
(Leviticus 8-10) The thoroughly symbolical character of all, and hence the necessity of closest adherence to the
directions given, are next illustrated by the judgment which befell those who offered incense upon "strange fire."
(Leviticus 10:1-6) From the priesthood the sacred text passes to the worshippers. (Leviticus 11-15) These must
be clean - personally (11:1-47), in their family-life, (Leviticus 12) and as a congregation. (Leviticus 13-15) Above
and beyond all is the great cleansing of the Day of Atonement, (Leviticus 16) with which the first part of the
book, concerning access to God, closes.
From www.biblestudytools.com/history/edersheim-old-testament/volume-2/chapter-14.html accessed July 11, 2020.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Beginning of Document Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines
Introduction and Text First Verse Addendum
www.kukis.org Leviticus folder Exegetical Studies in Leviticus
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Addendum
This note was referenced in Leviticus 16:7. and taken from Rotherham’s Emphasized Bible.
ESCAPE GOAT, THE—(FOR AZAZEL)
“And one lot for Azazel” (Lev. xvi. 8).—It seems impossible to dissent from the opinion that “Azazel,” instead
of being a name for the (e)scape goat, is the name or title of an evil Being, opposed to Yahweh, to whom the
191 The Book of Leviticus
ESCAPE GOAT, THE—(FOR AZAZEL)
live goat on the great Day of Propitiation was sent. Admitting so much, it still remains to inquire into the meaning
of this very peculiar but impressive ceremony of sending the living goat to Azazel. Assuming that Satan is
represented by Azazel—and there does not appear anything else which biblically we can assume—it is most
important to observe that there is here no .sacrifice offered to the evil spirit. The second goat is not slain, but
in marked contrast to its fellow is preserved alive, and remains the living goat to the end. It is true it is led away
to or towards the desert, and goes there bearing the sins of the people which have been symbolically laid upon
its head. But it has been too much overlooked, that it carries into the desert something else besides the sins
of the congregation. It bears the death of its companion, which has been just as truly put upon it as have the
sins of the people (ver. 10). The death thus put upon it was the death of the people’s sin-bearer. Therefore, the
only sin it bears into the desert is atoned-for sin—sin for which death has already been exacted. And, unless
we stultify the whole transaction of that solemn day, we must admit that, if the sins resting upon the live goat
proclaimed to Azazel, “Slay me if thou canst,” the death of its fellow, which covered it, as loudly cried, “Slay me
if thou durst! I claim to live! I have already died in my companion whose death is accounted mine!” In point of
fact, no hint is given of any harm befalling the goat that was dismissed; and despite the romance of the book
of Enoch, preceded or followed by Jewish tradition, to the effect that the goat was precipitated from steep rocks
and so killed, it is far more respectful to the Levitical appointment to stop where it closes than to add a sequel
which mars the whole symbolical transaction. As well imagine an untimely end to the living bird dipped in the
blood of its fellow and then let go free (chap. xiv. 33) as to pursue the escaped goat with any such morbid
imagination. That it was taken, by the man appointed, into a lone land is excellent symbology; and may well
have pictured the dismissal of the past year’s offences into the land of forgetfulness— into utter oblivion. Instead
of fancying anything further, rather let common sense suggest that the released goat could (just as well as its
conductor) find its way back to the haunts of men, to be indistinguishably lost in the crowd of its natural
congeners. Delivered once and for all from this mistaken dream, and reverting once more to Azazel, it is enough
to say that this particular feature, instead of suggesting any sacrifice to Satan, much rather amounts to a
triumphant defiance of “him that held the dominion of death, that is, the Adversary” (Heb. ii. 14); all the more
so when the trend of such passages as Isa. 1. 8, Rom. viii. 33, 34, and Rev. xii. 10, 11, is patiently
considered.—From the above it may rightly be inferred that the meaning of %azâ%zël given in O.G. (“entire
removal”) is regarded by the present translator as unsatisfactory.
This is taken from Rotherham’s Emphasized Bible pp. 1171–1173.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
This doctrine is referenced in Leviticus 16:13.
Abbreviated Doctrine of Propitiation (by R. B. Thieme, Jr.)
A. Definition.
1. Propitiation is the Godward side of the work of Christ in salvation. God the Father is satisfied with
the sacrificial ministry of our Lord on the cross.
2. Propitiation is the work of Christ on the cross which deals with the integrity of God.
3. Propitiation means what our Lord satisfied the Father. Hence, in propitiation the justice of God
judges our sins and the integrity of God is satisfied with that judgment.
4. Propitiation frees the justice of God to immediately give anyone who believes in Christ one-half of
divine integrity, the righteousness of God. This is the down payment on our salvation.
5. Propitiation is the Godward side of salvation. Reconciliation is the manward side, and redemption
is the sinward side.
6. Therefore, propitiation relates directly to the integrity of God, since it is the Godward side.
Propitiation means that the act of judgment satisfies the integrity of God. Romans 3:25-26 says that
Jesus Christ was publicly displayed as the mercy seat, the place of the propitiation of God’s justice.
Cf. 1John 2:2, 4:10.
7. Propitiation is the turning away of the wrath of God by the offering of Jesus Christ on the cross for
Leviticus Chapter 16 192
Abbreviated Doctrine of Propitiation (by R. B. Thieme, Jr.)
our sins.
B. Propitiation is appropriated by faith, is the basis for justification, and demonstrates the celebrityship of our
Lord. Romans 3:20-28, Because by means of the works of the Law no flesh will be justified in His sight;
for through the Law comes the knowledge of sin. But now apart from the Law, the righteousness of God
has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, even the righteousness of God
through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction; for all have sinned and
come short of the glory of God, being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in
Christ Jesus; whom God has publicly displayed by His blood as the mercy seat [a propitiation] through
faith for a demonstration of His righteousness, because of the passing over of previously committed sins,
because of the delay in judgment from God; I say for a demonstration of His righteousness at the present
time, in order that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Where then is
boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? Definitely not, but by the law of faith. Therefore
we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the Law.
C. The Shadows of Propitiation.
1. The Ark of the Covenant.
a. The ark was a wooden box 45” by 27” by 27” made of Acacia wood overlaid with gold. The
wood represents the humanity of Christ; the gold represents the deity of Christ. Together,
they represent the Hypostatic Union.
b. Hebrews 9:4 and Numbers 17:8 tell us that inside the box were:
1) The urn of manna, which represented sin as rejection of God’s logistical grace
provision.
2) Aaron’s rod that budded, which speaks of sin in the sense of rebellion against the
authority of God and rejection of God’s system for communication of doctrine.
3) The tablets of the Law, which spoke of sin as transgression of divine law, since the Law
defined freedom in the client nation.
c. The contents represent Christ bearing our sins on the cross, 1Peter 2:24; 2 Cor 5:21.
d. On top of the ark was the solid gold mercy seat, Exodis 25:17-22. The two cherubs of gold
represent the righteousness and justice of the Integrity of God. Exodis 25:22 says, “There I
will meet with you.” This shows us that the integrity of God is the point of reference, the place
of contact between God and man.
2. The New Testament confirms the importance of the mercy seat as a shadow of propitiation,
Hebrews 9:5.
3. The day of atonement portrayed the whole picture of salvation from the standpoint of propitiation.
The sprinkling of animal blood represented the spiritual death of Christ bearing our sins and the
acceptance by the integrity of God of this work.
4. The resultant principle is that at the moment of salvation, the justice of the Father is satisfied,
freeing the love of God to motivate the justice of God to bless the believer. God is now free to love
and bless us.
The full doctrine of propitiation by R. B. Thieme, Jr. in the 1985 Ephesians study, lessons 1140 and forward.
This doctrine was first given in Bob’s Study of Romans, Lesson #100.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
Referenced in Leviticus 16:17.
Definition of Atonement (from the Chafer Seminary)
Atonement – The word "Atonement" is used collectively to include the whole efficacious, sacrificial, and
redemptive work of Christ on the cross on behalf of mankind. It is not a New Testament word, only occurring
in one English mistranslation (KJV Romans 5:11) where the Greek word katallagh should have been translated
"reconciliation." A careful student of the Scriptures will be influenced by the fact that the Holy Spirit confined the
193 The Book of Leviticus
Definition of Atonement (from the Chafer Seminary)
word "atonement" to the Old Testament, and did not use the term in any way to describe any aspect of the New
Testament believer's relationship to God. The word "atonement" is from the Hebrew KAPHAR – to cover.
Atonement looked forward to the Cross. When a Jewish believer participated in a sacrifice, the bloodcovered
the sin. On the Day of Atonement, the High Priest sprinkled blood on the mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenant,
which covered the sin, represented in the Ark by the broken tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod that budded, and
a pot of manna (Leviticus 16; Leviticus 23:26-32; Hebrews 9:3-7). Actually, Hebrews 10:4 declares that "it is
impossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sin." In the atonement, God simply covered over
the sin until Christ actually "took away" the sin, once "covered" by sacrifice (Romans 3:23-26; Hebrews 9:15).
The extent of the collective atonement is unlimited (2 Corinthians 5:14; 1 Timothy 2:6; 1 Timothy 4:10; Titus
2:11; Hebrews 2:9; 1 John 2:2). "And He is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the
sins of the entire world."
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
The ancient historian Josephus seems to take the Old Testament texts at face value and uses them to record
the history of this era.
Josephus’ History of this Time Period
Antiquities of the Jews - Book III
CONTAINING THE INTERVAL OF TWO \YEARS.
FROM THE Leviticus OUT OF EGYPT, TO THE REJECTION OF THAT GENERATION.
CHAPTER 9.
THE MANNER OF OUR OFFERING SACRIFICES.
1. I WILL now, however, make mention of a few of our laws which belong to purifications, and the like sacred
offices, since I am accidentally come to this matter of sacrifices. These sacrifices were of two sorts; of those
sorts one was offered for private persons, and the other for the people in general; and they are done in two
different ways. In the one case, what is slain is burnt, as a whole burnt-offering, whence that name is given to
it; but the other is a thank-offering, and is designed for feasting those that sacrifice. I will speak of the former.
Suppose a private man offer a burnt-offering, he must slay either a bull, a lamb, or a kid of the goats, and the
two latter of the first year, though of bulls he is permitted to sacrifice those of a greater age; but all
burnt-offerings are to be of males. When they are slain, the priests sprinkle the blood round about the altar; they
then cleanse the bodies, and divide them into parts, and salt them with salt, and lay them upon the altar, while
the pieces of wood are piled one upon another, and the fire is burning; they next cleanse the feet of the
sacrifices, and the inwards, in an accurate manner and so lay them to the rest to be purged by the fire, while
the priests receive the hides. This is the way of offering a burnt-offering.
From: http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-3.htm accessed July 11, 2020. Josephus Antiquities of the Jews;
Book 3, Chapter 6.
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
It may be helpful to see this chapter as a contiguous whole:
A Complete Translation of Leviticus 16
A Reasonably Literal Translation A Reasonably Literal Paraphrase
Leviticus Chapter 16 194
A Complete Translation of Leviticus 16
A Reasonably Literal Translation A Reasonably Literal Paraphrase
195 The Book of Leviticus
A Complete Translation of Leviticus 16
A Reasonably Literal Translation A Reasonably Literal Paraphrase
Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines
The study of the book of Leviticus would properly be paired with the study of the book of Hebrews.
The following Psalms would be appropriately studied at this time:
Doctrinal Teachers* Who Have Taught Leviticus 16
Series Lesson (s) Passage
R. B. Thieme, Jr. did not teach this chapter in any available lessons.
Syndein http://syndein.com/leviticus.html
Keil and Delitzsch Commentary on Leviticus https://www.gracenotes.info/leviticus/leviticus.pdf
Todd Kennedy overview of Leviticus http://www.spokanebiblechurch.com/books/leviticus
* By doctrinal teacher, I mean a man whose primary focus is the teaching of the Word of God, verse-by-
verse and book by book. A believer under the teaching of such a man should fully understand the gospel
and rebound after less than a month in attendance.
When it comes to teaching, I should think that a 45 minute teaching session would be the bare minimum;
and that, at least 3x a week (with provisions for getting teaching in some way on the other days of the
week). Although this man may interact or even learn from other teachers, he should clearly be the authority
over his church; and the authority over him is the Word of God and God the Holy Spirit (Who guides the
pastor in his study).
ICE teaching would also be a part of the package, ICE being an acronym standing for Isagogics (a teaching
of the history of that time in order to understand a passage), Categories (a study of categories of Bible
doctrine), and Exegesis (a close study of each passage).
R. B. Thieme, Jr. and R. B. Thieme, III have not taught this on any available lesson.
Leviticus Chapter 16 196
Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Leviticus 16
Word Cloud from Exegesis of Leviticus 1629
These two graphics should be very similar; this means that the exegesis of Leviticus 16 has stayed on topic and
has covered the information found in this chapter of the Word of God.
Beginning of Document Chapter Outline Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines
Introduction and Text First Verse Addendum
www.kukis.org Leviticus folder Exegetical Studies in Leviticus
29 Some words have been left out of this graphic; including Strong, BDB, and pronounced.
