A Study on the Reader Reception of English Translations of The Analects-Data Analysis with Python PDF Free Download
1 / 7/7
100%
$6WXG\RQWKH5HDGHU5HFHSWLRQRI(QJOLVK
7UDQVODWLRQVRIThe Analects'DWD$QDO\VLVZLWK
3\WKRQ
+XL/LX
&ROOHJHRI)RUHLJQ/DQJXDJHV
1DQMLQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI$HURQDXWLFVDQG$VWURQDXWLFV
1DQMLQJ&KLQD
OXLVDOLX#JPDLOFRP
Abstract²%DVHG RQ 3\WKRQ GDWD SURFHVVLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ WKLV
VWXG\FROOHFWVUHDGHUFRPPHQWVRQWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQVRI7KH
$QDOHFWV RQ WKH PDLQVWUHDP ZHVWHUQ VRFLDO ERRN SODWIRUPV WR
FRQVWUXFW D UHYLHZ GDWDEDVH VR DVWR DQDO\]H UHDGHUVµHPRWLRQDO
DWWLWXGHV UHFRJQLWLRQ RI WKH ZRUNV LGHRORJLFDO YDOXHV IRFDO
GLPHQVLRQV RI WUDQVODWLRQ TXDOLW\ JDLQV DQG ORVVHV RI ZRUG
WUDQVODWLRQ DQG WKH UHIOHFWHG LPDJH RI &KLQD 7KH TXDQWLWDWLYH
DQGTXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VHVILQGWKDWWKHRYHUDOOUHDGHUDFFHSWDQFHRI
WKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQVRI7KH$QDOHFWVLVJRRGDQGWKDW&KLQD
ZLWKLWVSKLORVRSK\DQGFXOWXUHLVDWWUDFWLYHDQGEULOOLDQWZKLFK
DOVRDULVHWKHLULQWHUHVWDQGHQWKXVLDVPLQJHWWLQJWRNQRZ
&KLQHVH FXOWXUHDQG HOHPHQWV +RSHIXOO\ WKLV VWXG\ ZLOO SURYLGH
LQVLJKW IRU UHOHYDQW UHVHDUFK RQ WKH SRVLWLRQLQJ DQG LQIOXHQFH RI
IRUHLJQWUDQVODWLRQRI&KLQHVHFODVVLFV
Keywords- reader reception; English Translation; The Analects;
data analysis; Python
,,1752'8&7,21
The AnalectsDQDQFLHQW&KLQHVHFODVVLFPDGHXSRILGHDV
DQGVD\LQJVIURPWKHIDPRXV&KLQHVHSKLORVRSKHU&RQIXFLXV
DV ZHOO DV KLV FRQWHPSRUDULHV LV WUDGLWLRQDOO\ UHJDUGHG DV D
FROOHFWLRQ FRPSLOHG DQG ZULWWHQ E\ &RQIXFLXV IROORZHUV
%HOLHYHG WR KDYH EHHQ ZULWWHQ GXULQJ WKH :DUULQJ 6WDWHV
SHULRG±%&DQGGHYHORSHGLQWRLWVILQDOIRUPGXULQJ
WKH PLG+DQ G\QDVW\ %&± $' The AnalectsLV
FRQVLGHUHG WR EH WKH PRVW FRPSUHKHQVLYH HPERGLPHQW RI
&RQIXFLXVHWKLFDODQGPRUDOWKRXJKWVDQGKDVEHHQH[HUWLQJD
SURIRXQG LQIOXHQFH RQ &KLQHVH SROLWLFV HFRQRPLFV
SKLORVRSK\FXOWXUHDQGHGXFDWLRQIRUPRUHWKDQ\HDUV
:KDWVPRUHLWVSRSXODULW\KDVDOVRHQGXUHGLQWKHZHVW
$V RQH RI WKH HDUOLHVW &KLQHVH FODVVLFV LQWURGXFHG DQG
WUDQVODWHGLQWKHZHVWThe Analects ERDVWVDOVRRQHRIWKHPRVW
IUHTXHQWO\WUDQVODWHG&KLQHVHFODVVLFVLQZHVWHUQFRXQWULHV>@
ZLWK WUDQVODWLRQV SURGXFHG LQ DOO FRXQWULHV DQG DOO HUDV 7KH
HDUOLHVW IRUHLJQ WUDQVODWLRQ RI The Analects ZDV D /DWLQ
WUDQVODWLRQDQGLWZDVDOVRWKHHDUOLHVWDQGRQHRIWKHORQJHVW
WUDQVODWHG&RQIXFLDQFODVVLFVFRPSOHWHGE\$OYDUR6HPHGR>@
$IWHU DUULYLQJ LQ 0DFDX LQ $OYDUR 6HPHGR GHYRWHG
KLPVHOI WR UHVHDUFK DQG FRPSOHWLRQ RI WKH VLQRORJLFDO
PDVWHUSLHFH The History of that Great and Renowned
Monarchy of ChinaZKLFKZDVWUDQVODWHGLQWR6SDQLVK,WDOLDQ
)UHQFK DQG /DWLQ 7UDQVODWHG IURP ,WDOLDQ LQWR (QJOLVK DQG
SXEOLVKHGLQ/RQGRQLQFKDSWHURIWKHERRNFRPSLOHG
SRUWLRQV RI WKH WUDQVODWLRQ IURP The Analects $OWKRXJK WKH
WUDQVODWLRQZDVRQO\DWUDQVFULSWLRQRIWKHRULJLQDOWH[WLWZDV
WKHILUVWWUDQVODWLRQDQGTXRWDWLRQRIWKH&RQIXFLDQFODVVLFVE\
DZHVWHUQPLVVLRQDU\ZKLFKPDGHWKHERRNWKHSUHFHGHQWIRU
WKH VSUHDG RI WKH HVVHQFH RI &RQIXFLDQ FXOWXUH LQ (XURSH
LELG6LQFHWKHQThe AnalectsKDGEHHQWUDQVODWHGUHSHDWHGO\
ZLWK D WRWDO QXPEHU RI PRUH WKDQ (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV
)DPRXVWUDQVODWRUVLQFOXGH-DPHV/HJJH&ROOLH'DYLG+XQJ
PLQJ.X$UWKXU:DOH\<XWDQJ/LQDQG'&/DX
$OWKRXJK VFKRODUV DW KRPH DQG DEURDG KDYH FRQGXFWHG
VRPHVWXGLHVRQWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsWKH\
DUH PRVWO\ WUDQVODWLRQ WKHRUHWLFDO VWXGLHV DQG GRFXPHQWDWLRQ
VWXGLHVLQQDWXUHDQGIHZVFKRODUVKDYHFRQGXFWHGTXDQWLWDWLYH
RU TXDOLWDWLYH VWXGLHV RQ UHDGHU DFFHSWDQFH UHDGHUV¶ FXOWXUDO
SV\FKRORJ\ DQG HPRWLRQDO WHQGHQFLHV $V D UHVXOW WKLV VWXG\
FROOHFWV UHDGHU FRPPHQWV RQ WKH (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV RI The
AnalectsRQWKHPDLQVWUHDPZHVWHUQVRFLDOERRNSODWIRUPVWR
FRQVWUXFW D UHYLHZ GDWDEDVH VR DV WR DQDO\]H
UHDGHUVµ HPRWLRQDO DWWLWXGHV UHFRJQLWLRQ RI WKH ZRUNV
LGHRORJLFDO YDOXHV IRFDO GLPHQVLRQV RI WUDQVODWLRQ TXDOLW\
JDLQVDQGORVVHVRIZRUGWUDQVODWLRQDQGWKHUHIOHFWHGLPDJHRI
&KLQD EDVHG RQ 3\WKRQ GDWD SURFHVVLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ 7KH
UHPDLQGHU RI WKH DUWLFOH LV RUJDQL]HG DV IROORZV 6HFWLRQ
UHIOHFWV RQ SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV DERXW WKH (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ RI
The Analects 6HFWLRQ GHVFULEHV WKH GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG
SURFHVVLQJ SURFHVV 6HFWLRQ SUHVHQWV WKH TXDQWLWDWLYH
DQDO\VHVRQUHDGHUUDWLQJVDVZHOODVWKHLUHPRWLRQDODWWLWXGHV
6HFWLRQ H[SORUHV UHDGHUV IRFDO GLPHQVLRQV RI WUDQVODWLRQ
TXDOLW\UHFRJQLWLRQRIWKH LGHRORJLFDO YDOXH RIThe Analects
JDLQVDQGORVVHVRIZRUGWUDQVODWLRQDQGWKHUHIOHFWHGLPDJHRI
&KLQDEDVHGRQTXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VHVRIUHDGHUUHYLHZV)LQDOO\
FRQFOXVLRQVDUHPDGHLQ6HFWLRQ
,,35(9,2865(6($5&+(6$1'67$7(2)7+($57
5HVHDUFK RQ WKH (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ RI The AnalectsLQ
&KLQDEHJDQIURPWKHV7KHILUVWUHOHYDQWUHVHDUFKSDSHU
ZDV FRPSOHWHG E\ >@ ZKLFK PDLQO\ LQWURGXFHG WKH OLIH DQG
GHHGVRI$UWKXU:DOH\RQHRIWKHPRVWUHQRZQHGWUDQVODWRUV
RI The Analects &XUUHQW UHVHDUFK RQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQ RI The
Analects LQ &KLQD FDQ EH GLYLGHG LQWR WUDQVODWRU UHVHDUFK
2381
2020 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE)
978-1-6654-2314-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICMCCE51767.2020.00514
2020 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE) | 978-1-6654-2314-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICMCCE51767.2020.00514
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
WUDQVODWLRQ UHVHDUFK WUDQVODWLRQ KLVWRU\UHODWHG UHVHDUFK
WUDQVODWLRQGLVVHPLQDWLRQDQGLQIOXHQFHUHVHDUFK
)LUVWO\VWXGLHV RQ WKHWUDQVODWRUVRI The AnalectsLQYROYH
-DPHV /HJJH $UWKXU :DOH\ HWF DQG IRFXV RQ WKHLU OLIH
VWRULHV DV ZHOO DV FXOWXUDO DFKLHYHPHQWV HVSHFLDOO\ WKH
SURPRWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO H[FKDQJH EHWZHHQ &KLQD DQG WKH ZHVW
>@ 6HFRQGO\ WUDQVODWLRQ UHVHDUFK RI The AnalectsFDQEH
VXEGLYLGHG LQWR VWXGLHV RQ ZRUG FKRLFH VHPDQWLFV FXOWXUDO
HOHPHQWVDQGLQIOXHQFHWUDQVODWLRQVW\OHDVZHOODVWUDQVODWLRQ
VWDQGDUGVVWUDWHJLHVDQGWUDQVODWDELOLW\>@7KLUGO\UHVHDUFK
RQ WKH KLVWRU\ RI WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG WUDQVODWLRQ RI The
Analects FDQ EH IRXQG LQ DFDGHPLF ZRUNV RQ WUDQVODWLRQ
KLVWRU\DQGVLQRORJ\VXFKDVWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHWUDQVODWLRQRI
The Analects IURP &KLQHVH LQWR ZHVWHUQ ODQJXDJHV DQG WKH
DFWLYLWLHVRIWKHWUDQVODWRUVRIThe Analects >@)LQDOO\VWXGLHV
RQWKHLQIOXHQFHRIThe AnalectsRQZHVWHUQFXOWXUHVILQGWKHLU
ZD\LQZRUNVRQKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUDOH[FKDQJHVVXFKDV>@
ZKLFKGHYRWHVDODUJHSDUWWRWKHWUDQVODWLRQGLVVHPLQDWLRQDQG
LQIOXHQFH RI The Analects LQ (XURSH DQG >@ ZKLFK GHDOV
ZLWK WKH WUDQVODWLRQ DQG GLVVHPLQDWLRQ RI &KLQHVH FODVVLFV LQ
WKH ZHVW IURP WKH ODWH 0LQJ '\QDVW\ WR WKH PRGHUQ HUD
(QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects E\ -DPHV /HJJH DQG
$UWKXU:DOH\DUHDOVRH[DPLQHGLQ>@
2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKHUH DUH UHODWLYHO\ IHZ VSHFLDOL]HG
SDSHUV DQG PRQRJUDSKV SXEOLVKHG RQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQ RI The
Analects LQ ZHVWHUQ FRXQWULHV. $QG WRSLFV FRYHUHG LQFOXGH
ODQJXDJH VW\OH WUDQVODWLRQ PRWLYDWLRQ OLIH RI WKH WUDQVODWRU
WUDQVODWLRQ PHWKRG VHFRQGDU\ WH[WV DQG WKH IOXHQF\ RI WKH
WUDQVODWLRQ >@ ,Q DGGLWLRQ RWKHU UHOHYDQW VWXGLHV ZKLFK
FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH ZHVWHUQ ZRUNV RI VLQRORJ\ FDQ EH
FDWHJRUL]HG LQWR WKUHH W\SHV VWXG\ RQ WKH FROOHFWLRQ RI
UHOHYDQW WH[WV LQIOXHQFH RI &RQIXFLDQ FODVVLFV DV
UHSUHVHQWHGE\The AnalectsRQ(XURSHDQSKLORVRSK\>@DQG
WKHUROHRIPLVVLRQDULHVLQWKHGLVVHPLQDWLRQRI&RQIXFLDQ
FODVVLFV DQG WKH VWXG\ RI (XURSHDQ DFFHSWDQFH RI &KLQHVH
FXOWXUH>@,QDGGLWLRQZRUNVRIVRPH(XURSHDQVLQRORJLVWV
KDYH EHHQ LPSRUWHG FRPSLOHG DQG LQWURGXFHG LQWR &KLQD
DPRQJ ZKLFK WKH UHSUHVHQWDWLYH ZRUNV LQFOXGH 2YHUVHDV
6LQRORJ\5HVHDUFK6HULHVDQG7UDQVODWLRQRI&RQWHPSRUDU\
2YHUVHDV6LQRORJ\0DVWHUSLHFHV6HULHV
,,,'$7$$&48,6,7,21$1'352&(66,1*
)LUVWO\EDVHGRQWKHFROOHFWHG(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQVRIThe
AnalectsZHFRQGXFWHGUHVHDUFKWRFROOHFWUHDGHUUHYLHZVE\
VHDUFKLQJ RQ WKH WZR PDLQVWUHDP ZHVWHUQ VRFLDO ERRN
SODWIRUPV LH $PD]RQ DQG *RRGUHDGV ZLWK WKH NH\ZRUGV
LQFOXGLQJDQDOHFWV&RQIXFLXVDQGOXQ\X%HFDXVHRIWKH
ODUJH QXPEHU RI (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects WKH
WDUJHWRIFROOHFWLQJUHDGHUUHYLHZVRILWV(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRQ
$PD]RQLVVHWDWPRUHWKDQUHDGHUUHYLHZV7UDQVODWLRQV
ZLWKDWRWDORIUHDGHUUHYLHZVZHUHREWDLQHG2QWKHRWKHU
KDQGWKHVHWWLQJRI*RRGUHDGVLVTXLWHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKDWRI
$PD]RQ DQG UHDGHU UHYLHZV RI *RRGUHDGV VKRZ WKH
DJJUHJDWHGGDWDRIDOOWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQVRIThe Analects
WUDQVODWLRQV$OWRJHWKHUUHYLHZVZULWWHQLQ(QJOLVK
ZHUH FROOHFWHG $IWHU FRPELQLQJ WKH GDWD IURP WKH WZR
SODWIRUPV DOWRJHWKHU UHDGHU UHYLHZV ZH UHPRYHGWLWOH
OLQNV 85/V UHDGHU DYDWDUV DQG LUUHOHYDQW SHUVRQDO
LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG UHWDLQHG UHDGHU QDPHV UHYLHZ GDWHV DQG
GHWDLOHGUHYLHZFRQWHQWDVDFRUSXVIRUDQDO\VLV
6HFRQGO\ GDWD FOHDQLQJ DQG QRLVH UHGXFWLRQ ZHUH
SHUIRUPHG (PRWLFRQV DQG JDUEOHG FRGHV LQ DOO WKH
UHYLHZV ZHUH UHPRYHG 7KHQ 3\WKRQ ZDV XVHG WR VHW XS D
FXVWRP ODQJXDJH SURFHVVLQJ FRGH IRU WH[W QRLVH UHGXFWLRQ
LQFOXGLQJ VHJPHQWDWLRQ PRUSKRORJLFDO UHVWRUDWLRQ VXFK DV
SOXUDO QRXQV DGMHFWLYHV DQG DGYHUEV OHWWHU FDVH FRQYHUVLRQ
UHWDLQLQJ SHUVRQDO QDPHV DQG ERRN WLWOHV DQG D FXVWRP
VHWWLQJ RI VWRS ZRUGV $IWHU WKH LQLWLDO QRLVH UHGXFWLRQ WKH
FRUSXVZDVVRUWHGE\ZRUGIUHTXHQF\PDQXDOO\PDUNHGZLWK
QRQWKHPDWLFRUPHDQLQJOHVVZRUGVDQGDGGHGWRWKHFXVWRP
VWRSZRUGOLVWIRUIXUWKHUQRLVHUHGXFWLRQ
7KLUGO\ D ZRUG FORXG ZDV FUHDWHG WR YLVXDOL]H WKH
DFFHSWDQFH RI WKH (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ RI The Analects E\
RYHUVHDVUHDGHUV$WWKHVDPHWLPHDVXEGDWDEDVHRIUHDGHUV
FRPPHQWVZDVEXLOWEDVHGRQUHYLHZVRIKLJKQXPEHURIOLNHV
E\RWKHUUHDGHUV LQ RUGHU WRFRQGXFW DTXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VLV RI
VSHFLILFFRPPHQWV
,948$17,7$7,9($1$/<6,62)5($'(55(9,(:6
A. Trends in Reader Rating, Emotional Attitude and Attention
,Q WHUPV RI UHDGHUV RYHUDOO UDWLQJV RI WKH (QJOLVK
WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects WKH DYHUDJH UDWLQJ IRU WKH
(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQVDFFRUGLQJWRUHDGHUVRQ$PD]RQLV
VWDUVRXWRIVWDUV7KHDYHUDJHUDWLQJRIUHDGHUV
RQ*RRGUHDGVLVVWDUVRXWRIVWDUV:KHQLWFRPHVWR
HPRWLRQDO DWWLWXGHV ZH XVHG $PD]RQV DXWRPDWLF UHYLHZ
FODVVLILFDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ WR LQWHOOLJHQWO\ DQDO\]H WKH HPRWLRQDO
DWWLWXGHVRIUHDGHUUHYLHZVDPRQJWKHUHYLHZVZHUH
SRVLWLYH DQG ZHUH QHJDWLYH 7KH VDPH QXPEHU RQ
*RRGUHDGV LV SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH UHVSHFWLYHO\
7KHWRWDOUDWLRRISRVLWLYHWRQHJDWLYHUHDGHUUHYLHZVRIWKHWZR
SODWIRUPV LV DERXW ,Q WHUPV RI UHDGHU DWWHQWLRQ WKH
QXPEHURIUHDGHUUHYLHZVRQERWKSODWIRUPVKDVEHHQRQWKH
ULVH VLQFH VHH )LJ EHORZ 7KH WUHQG EHFDPH PRUH
HYLGHQWVLQFHDVWKHDQQXDOWRWDOUHDGHUUHYLHZH[FHHGHG
HYHU\ VLQJOH \HDU ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH QXPEHU RI UHDGHU
UHYLHZV IURP -DQXDU\ WR 6HSWHPEHU KDV UHDFKHG
ZKLFKVKRZVWKDWWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsZLOO
VWLOOPDLQWDLQDKLJKOHYHORIDWWHQWLRQLQWKHIXWXUH
2382
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
)LJXUH7KH$QQXDO1XPEHURI5HDGHU5HYLHZVRIWKH(QJOLVK7UDQVODWLRQ
RIThe AnalectsIURPWR
7RVXPXSLWFDQEHVHHQWKDWWKHRYHUDOODFFHSWDQFHRIWKH
(QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects LV JRRG DOWKRXJK WKH
UHYLHZV DUH PL[HG ZLOO EH GLVFXVVHG ODWHU LQ WKH TXDOLWDWLYH
DQDO\VLVDQGWKHDWWHQWLRQDWWDFKHVWRWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQV
RI The Analects LV LQFUHDVLQJ %DVHG RQ WKHVH IDFWVZH PD\
VD\WKDWWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsKDVDSRVLWLYH
LPSDFWRQSURPRWLQJWKHH[FKDQJHFROOLVLRQDQGLQWHJUDWLRQRI
&KLQHVH DQG :HVWHUQ FXOWXUHV DQG LGHDV $W WKH VDPH WLPH
UHDGHUHYDOXDWLRQLVQRWRQO\DQLPSRUWDQWSDUW RI WHVWLQJ WKH
HIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGLPSDFWRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQEXWDOVRLQIOXHQFHV
WKH UHDGLQJ DQG SXUFKDVLQJ EHKDYLRU RI WKH RWKHU UHDGHUV
7KHUHIRUH UHDGHUV SRVLWLYH DFFHSWDQFH RI WKH (QJOLVK
WUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsZLOOSURYLGHDJRRGUHDGHUVKLSEDVH
IRU D EHWWHU GLVVHPLQDWLRQ RI &KLQHVH FODVVLFV UHSUHVHQWHG E\
&RQIXFLDQLVP
B. Word Cloud of Reader Reviews
$IWHU GDWD FOHDQLQJ DQG QRLVHUHGXFWLRQ RI WKH UHDGHU
UHYLHZV ZH XVHG 3\WKRQ WR GUDZ D ZRUG FORXG VR DV WR
YLVXDOL]HWKHNH\ZRUGVLQUHDGHUFRPPHQWVVHH)LJEHORZ
:RUGFORXGLVDEOHWRYLVXDOL]HWKHNH\ZRUGVWKDWDSSHDUWKH
PRVWIUHTXHQWO\LQWKHWH[WDQGWKHKLJKHUWKHIUHTXHQF\LVWKH
ODUJHU WKH IRQWVL]H LV $V D UHVXOW ZRUG FORXG FDQ YLYLGO\
GLVSOD\ WKH WKHPH DQG FRQFHUQV RI D FHUWDLQ FRUSXV :H FDQ
VHH IURP WKH ZRUG FORXG WKDW WKH NH\ZRUGV RI UHDGHU
FRPPHQWV FDQ EH GLYLGHG LQWR WKUHH FDWHJRULHV WLWOH RI
ZRUNV DQG SHUVRQDO QDPHV VXFK DV The Analects &RQIXFLXV
HWF ZRUGV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK HYDOXDWLRQ VXFK DV &KLQHVH
WUDQVODWLRQ SKLORVRSK\ ZLVGRP DQG VR RQ ZRUGV
DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK UHDGLQJ H[SHULHQFH VXFK DV JUHDW DQG JRRG
ZKLFK VKRZ WKH SRVLWLYH H[SHULHQFH DQG JRRG DFFHSWDQFH RI
WKHDXGLHQFH
ϭ'DWDIRULVFDOFXODWHGIURP-DQXDU\WR6HSWHPEHU
)LJXUH:RUG&ORXGRI5HDGHU5HYLHZVRIWKH(QJOLVK7UDQVODWLRQRIThe
Analects
948$17,7$7,9($1$/<6,62)5($'(55(9,(:6
$ERYH LV D PDFUR TXDQWLWDWLYH DQDO\VLV RI WKH UHDGHU
DFFHSWDQFHRIWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe Analects,QRUGHU
WRXQGHUVWDQGUHDGHUV¶IRFDOGLPHQVLRQVRIWUDQVODWLRQTXDOLW\
UHFRJQLWLRQRI LGHRORJLFDOYDOXHV SHUVRQDORSLQLRQV RQ JDLQV
DQGORVVHVRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQDQGWKHUHIOHFWHGLPDJHRI&KLQD
LQPRUHGHWDLOVZHVHOHFWHGUHDGHUUHYLHZVFROOHFWHGIURP
$PD]RQ ZLWK WKH QXPEHU RI OLNHV DW OHDVW HTXDO WR IRU D
TXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VLV
$PRQJWKHIDYRULWHUHDGHUUHYLHZVWKHKLJKHVWQXPEHU
RIOLNHVLVDQGWKHORZHVWLV7KHWRWDOQXPEHURIZRUGV
LQ WKH IDYRULWH UHDGHU UHYLHZV LV ZRUGV ZLWK DQ
DYHUDJHOHQJWKRIZRUGV:HUHDGWKHWH[WVRQHE\RQH
DQG WKHQ XVHG 3\WKRQ WR SHUIRUP WH[W VHQWLPHQW DQDO\VLV DV
ZHOO DV PDQXDO PDUNLQJ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FRQQRWDWHG IHHOLQJ
UHIOHFWHGE\HDFKUHYLHZ5HVXOWVDUHGLVSOD\HGLQ)LJ
)LJXUH6HQWLPHQW$QDO\VLVRI5HDGHUVRQWKH(QJOLVK7UDQVODWLRQVRIThe
Analects
2IWKHUHDGHUUHYLHZVDUHSRVLWLYHDUHQHXWUDODQG
DUHQHJDWLYH7KHIRFDOSRLQWVRISRVLWLYHUHYLHZVFRYHUD
ZLGHUDQJH LQFOXGLQJWKHVWDWXVDQGFRQWHQWRIThe Analects
UHDGHUV¶ FRPSDULVRQV RI &RQIXFLDQLVP ZLWK DQFLHQW *UHHN
SKLORVRSK\ -HZLVK&KULVWLDQ SKLORVRSK\ DQG RWKHU &KLQHVH
WKLQNHUV VXFK DV /DR7]H DQG &KXDQJ7]H WUDQVODWLRQ
2383
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
TXDOLW\GLIIHUHQWWUDQVODWLRQVWUDWHJLHVUHDGLQJPRWLYDWLRQDQG
FRQFHUQV DQG FXOWXUDO SV\FKRORJ\ DV ZHOO DV UHIOHFWLRQ0RVW
RI WKH UHDGHUV ZKR KROG D QHXWUDO DWWLWXGH DUH TXLWH SRVLWLYH
DERXW WKH WUDQVODWLRQ DQG SXW IRUZDUG VXJJHVWLRQV IRU
LPSURYLQJWKHSULQWLQJDQGELQGLQJRIWKHERRN)RUH[DPSOH
D UHDGHU FRPPHQWHG WKH ERRN LV FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH &KLQHVH
%LEOHWKURXJKRXWWKHDJHVDQGZLGHO\UHDG&RQIXFLDQLVPDV
DQRUWKRGR[SKLORVRSK\LVEDVHGRQThe Analects7KHERRNLV
DFROOHFWLRQRI&RQIXFLXVVZLVGRPFRPSLOHGWRJHWKHUE\KLV
GLVFLSOHV7KHVHWHDFKLQJVDUHVWLOOUHOHYDQWDVVHOINQRZOHGJH
DQGSXUVXLWRIYLUWXHDUHDJHOHVVWKHPHV1RZDERXWWKHTXDOLW\
RI WKH ERRN 7KLV ERRN LV DZIXOO\ SURGXFHG WR VD\ WKH OHDVW
7KLV LV D 3HQJXLQ &ODVVLFV HGLWLRQ DQG WKH\ MXVW IDLOHG
WKHPVHOYHVWRGRMXVWLFHWRWKHLUIDPH)URPWKHIRQWVHOHFWLRQ
WR WKH TXDOLW\ RI SDJHV HYHU\ZKHUH D FDUHOHVV DWWLWXGH LV
SUHYDLOLQJ7KHWUDQVODWLRQLVXSWRWKHPDUNEXWWKHERRNKDV
PLVVHGLW$EKLVKHN'HEQDWK$PD]RQUHDGHU0RVWRI
WKHUHDGHUVZKRKROGQHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVWKHWUDQVODWLRQ
DUHDOVRGLVVDWLVILHGZLWKWKHGHVLJQRIWKHERRN)RULQVWDQFH
DQDQRQ\PRXVUHDGHUFRPPHQWHG7KLVLVWKHZRUVWH[DPSOH
LQ WKH SXEOLVKLQJ LQGXVWU\ 7KHUH LV QR LQWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH
WUDQVODWRUQRSUHYLRXVSXEOLFDWLRQGDWDQRSUHIDFHQRLQGH[
7KHERRNORRNVFKHDSDQGWKHFRYHUPDWHULDOLVWKHNLQG\RX
XVXDOO\ ILQG RQ FKHDS FKLOGUHQ¶V ERRNV $PD]RQ UHDGHU
´6RPHUHDGHUVDOVRH[SUHVVHGFRQIXVLRQDERXWKRZWR
XQGHUVWDQG WKH FRQWHQW RI The Analects ³, KDG KHDUG PXFK
DERXWWKH6D\LQJVEXWDIWHUDFWXDOO\UHDGLQJWKHP,FDQRQO\
VD\WKH\OHIWPHTXLWHXQLPSUHVVHG7KHUHLVYHU\OLWWOHLQWKH
ERRN EHVLGHV H[KRUWDWLRQV WR EH VWHDG\ VLQFHUH DQG WR REH\
RQHVSDUHQWVDQGWUDGLWLRQ1RWKLQJDWDOOLVVDLGDERXWDQ\VRUW
RILQWHUQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDVRQHILQGVLQ/DR7]H,FDQWUHDG
&KLQHVHVR,FDQW VD\ KRZDFFXUDWHWKHWUDQVODWLRQLVEXWLI
WKLVLVZKDW&RQIXFLXVZDVDOODERXW,MXVWGRQWVHHZKDWDOO
WKHIXVVLVDERXW5DQG\/H-HXQH$PD]RQUHDGHU´
,Q WKH IROORZLQJ SDUW ZH ZLOO IXUWKHU DQDO\]H UHDGHUV
HYDOXDWLRQ RI The Analects IURP IRXU SHUVSHFWLYHV LQFOXGLQJ
UHDGHUV FRQFHUQ IRU WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH WUDQVODWLRQ WKHLU
UHFRJQLWLRQ RI LWV LGHRORJLFDO YDOXH WKH DHVWKHWLFV JDLQV DQG
ORVVHVRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQDQGWKHUHIOHFWHGLPDJHRI&KLQD
A. Readers' Focal Dimensions of Translation Quality Some
Common Mistakes
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH WRS UHDGHU UHYLHZV UHDGHUV PDLQO\
DVVHVV WKH RYHUDOO TXDOLW\ RI WKH WUDQVODWLRQ IURP WKH
SHUVSHFWLYHVRIWUDQVODWRUVODQJXDJHEDFNJURXQGWKHODQJXDJH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQDQGWKHSULQWLQJDQGELQGLQJ
RIWKHWUDQVODWLRQ2QRQHKDQGXSWLOOQRZWKHUHDUHDODUJH
QXPEHU RI WUDQVODWRUV RI The Analects DQG WKH WUDQVODWLRQV
YDU\ ZLGHO\ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG MXVW OLNH 7DR 'H -LQJ DQG
RWKHUDQFLHQW&KLQHVHFODVVLFVWKHGLYHUVLW\LQWUDQVODWLRQDQG
RSHQQHVV RI WKH RULJLQDO WH[W HQDEOH WUDQVODWRUV WR KDYH
PXOWLSOH FKRLFHV $OWKRXJK KH FKRLFH RI WKH WUDQVODWRU LV
DOZD\V UHVWULFWHG E\ SUHYLRXV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG WKH ILQDO
WUDQVODWLRQFRXOGEHDPRUHFUHDWLYHRXWFRPHRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
DQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ>@´
Ϯ$OO RI WKH UHDGHU UHYLHZV RQ $PD]RQ DUH DFFHVVHG IURP
KWWSVZZZDPD]RQFRP$QDOHFWV3HQJXLQ&ODVVLFV&RQIXFLXVSURGXFW
UHYLHZVUHI FPBFUBGSBGBVKRZBDOOBEWP"LH 87)UHYLHZHU7\S
H DOOBUHYLHZV
$OWKRXJK WKH WRS UHYLHZV FRPPHQWHG RQ PDQ\
WUDQVODWRUVWKHLUIRFXVZDVPDLQO\RQWZRWUDQVODWRUVLH'&
/DX DQG 5D\PRQG 'DZVRQ 5HDGHUV¶ IRFDO DVSHFWV LQFOXGH
WUDQVODWRUV¶ ODQJXDJH EDFNJURXQG WUDQVODWLRQ VW\OH ODQJXDJH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG TXDOLW\ RI WKH WUDQVODWLRQ ,Q JHQHUDO
UHDGHUVWKLQNWKDW'&/DX¶VWUDQVODWLRQLV³WKRXJKWIXODQGLWV
IRRWQRWHV DUH RIWHQ KHOSIXO SDUWLFXODUO\ RQ FRUUXSWLRQ
6RPHWKLQJ,GLGQRWQRWHXQWLO,ZDVQHDUWKHHQGRIWKHERRN
ZDV WKH YHU\ KHOSIXO JORVVDU\ RI QDPHV DIWHU WKH PDLQ WH[W
ZKLFK , ZRXOG UHFRPPHQG WR XVH PLQLPDOGUREH ,Q
DGGLWLRQ KLV WUDQVODWLRQ LV PRUH REMHFWLYH '& /DXV
LQWURGXFWLRQ DQG QRWHV JLYH WKH ILUVWWLPH UHDGHU HQRXJK
FRQWH[W DQG EDFNJURXQG WR UHDG WKLV ZRUN ZLWK VRPH
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG DGPLUDWLRQEXWQRWVRPXFKDVWRLPSRVH
DQLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ-0DUOLQ$PD]RQUHDGHU5HDGHUV
DUH DOVR SRVLWLYH DERXW 5D\PRQG 'DZVRQV WUDQVODWLRQ ,
IRXQG 'DZVRQV WUDQVODWLRQ WR EH YHU\ VPRRWK DQG KLJKO\
FRQVLVWHQW WKURXJKRXW DQG KH VXSSOHPHQWV WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ
ZLWKKHOSIXOQRWHVRQKLVWUDQVODWLRQRINH\WHUPV 7KLVLVDQ
HGLWLRQSULPDULO\IRUWKHQHZFRPHUUDWKHUWKDQWKHVFKRODUQRW
WR VD\ LW LV LQ DQ\ZD\ µGXPEHG GRZQ¶ DV LW LV ZRQGHUIXOO\
FRQFLVHLQLWVLQWURGXFWLRQDQGQRWHVQHYHUVD\LQJPRUHWKDQ
QHHGVWREHVDLG5D]]PDWD]]$PD]RQUHDGHU
$QG WKHUH LV VRPH FULWLFLVP RQ 6OLQJHUODQG¶V WUDQVODWLRQ
HJRQLWVJUDPPDUDQGGHYLDWLRQIURPWKHRULJLQDOPHDQLQJ
$VDQ(QJOLVKODQJXDJHWHDFKHU,KDGDIHZSUREOHPVZLWKWKH
(QJOLVK7KHUHDUHIDUWRRPDQ\W\SRVLIIRULVDVIRUDQRU
IRULVHGHQGLQJVZKHUHLQJHQGLQJVZHUHQHHGHGSUHSRVLWLRQV
OHIW RXW $QG , KDG WURXEOH ZLWK VRPH ZRUGV IRU H[DPSOH
VDJHO\ XVHG DV DQ DGMHFWLYH XVHG LQ SKUDVHV VXFK DV VDJHO\
DGYLFHRUVDJHO\UXOHU$QGVDJHOLQHVVZKLFKP\VSHOOFKHFNHU
ZDQWVWRFRUUHFWWRVDJHQHVVJUDWHG,DPDELWRIDJUDPPDU
QD]L DERXW VSOLW LQILQLWLYHV ZLWK WKH ZRUGV RI P\ (QJOLVK
WHDFKHUIURP\HDUVDJRVWLOOULQJLQJLQP\HDUVGRQWVSOLW
DQLQILQLWLYHILQGDEHWWHUZD\RIH[SUHVVLQJ WKHLGHD7KHUH
ZHUHWRRPDQ\H[DPSOHVRIFOXQN\VSOLWLQILQLWLYHV0-0&,
$PD]RQ UHDGHU 6OLQJHUODQGV WUDQVODWLRQ RI The
AnalectsLVQRWEDG+RZHYHU,DPRQO\JLYLQJLWWKUHHVWDUV
7KLV LV EHFDXVH WKHUH DUH VRPH SRLQWV ZKHUH WKH DXWKRU
SXUSRVHIXOO\ GLYHUJHV IURP ZKDW KH NQRZV WR EH WKH QRUPDO
XQGHUVWDQGLQJRI D VHQWHQFH)RU H[DPSOHYHUVHLQYHUWV
WKHPHDQLQJRIWKHVHQWHQFHPDNLQJ&RQIXFLXVDQ$ULVWRWHOLDQ
,Q YHUVH WKH UHPDUNDEOH VWDWHPHQW WKDW µ&RQIXFLXV UDUHO\
VSRNHDERXWJRRGQHVV¶NQRZQWRDOO&KLQHVHLVWXUQHGRQLWV
KHDG WKURXJK D UHYLVLRQLVW UHDGLQJ RI D FKDUDFWHU 7KH ODWWHU
WUDQVODWLRQ LV H[SODLQHG DW OHQJWK LQ FRPPHQWDU\ VR WKDW WKH
UHDGHU LV DZDUH ZKDW LV JRLQJ RQ EXW WKH IRUPHU LV QRW -6
$PD]RQUHDGHU´
0RUHRYHU LQ JHQHUDO WKH WUDQVODWLRQV DUH ZHOO GHVLJQHG
DQGHDV\WRFDUU\7KLVHGLWLRQOLNHDOO RIWKHQHZHU2[IRUG
:RUOGV&ODVVLFVLVQHDWO\GHVLJQHGZLWKDEHDXWLIXOFRYHUDQG
JRRGTXDOLW\SDSHULELG2[IRUGGLGDSKHQRPHQDOMRELQ
WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKLV KLVWRULF ZRUN &RQIXFLXV LV
XQGRXEWHGO\RQH RIWKH PRVWLQIOXHQWLDO PHQWR KDYHZDONHG
WKHHDUWKDQGThe AnalectsLVDZRUNWKDWDOOOLEUDULHVVKRXOG
HQFRPSDVV7KLVERRNLQFOXGHVDGGLWLRQDOQRWHV DQG LQVLJKWV
DQG LV D JUHDW VL]H WR FDUU\ DURXQG ZLWK \RX ZKHWKHU \RX
GHVLUH VRPH OLJKW UHDGLQJ DUH RQ WKH WUDLQ WR ZRUN RU LQ D
2384
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
ZDLWLQJURRPDWWKHGRFWRU:HOOGRQH2[IRUG$VK$PD]RQ
UHDGHU´
)LQDOO\ VXJJHVWLRQV IRU EX\LQJ DQ (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ RI
The AnalectsZHUHPDGHE\WKHUHDGHUV³%HIRUH\RXEX\JR
WRDODUJHSXEOLFOLEUDU\DQGWU\FRPSDULQJWKLVWRDQHGLWLRQE\
%XUWRQ :DWVRQ RU $UWKXU :DOH\ LELG´ 6RPH UHDGHUV DOVR
VWDWHGLQWKHLUFRPPHQWVWKDWWKHPRWLYDWLRQRIWKHLUSXUFKDVH
ZDVQRWWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHRULJLQDOWH[WQRUWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRI
WKHWUDQVODWRUEXWEHFDXVH,OLYHLQDVRFLHW\ZLWK&RQIXFLDQ
XQGHUSLQQLQJVDQGKDGUHDGDFROOHDJXHV3K'WKHVLVRQVRPH
RIWKHFRQIXVLRQWKDWRFFXUVLQZRUNSODFHVZKHUHSHRSOHIURP
&RQIXFLDQ EDVHG FXOWXUHV ZRUN ZLWK ZHVWHUQHUV , WKRXJKW
UHDGLQJThe AnalectsZRXOGJLYHPHVRPHLQVLJKWVDQGLWGLG
0-0&, $PD]RQ UHDGHU 2QFH DJDLQ LVVXHV OLNH
ELQGLQJ SDSHU TXDOLW\ JUDSKLF VL]H DQG IRQW VL]H KDYH DOVR
DWWUDFWHGUHDGHUV¶DWWHQWLRQ
B. Recognition of the Ideological Value of The Analects
$V WKH IRXQGHU RI &RQIXFLDQLVP &RQIXFLXV DQG KLV
GRFWULQH RFFXS\ D SLYRWDO DQG LUUHSODFHDEOH SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH
KLVWRU\ RI &KLQHVH FXOWXUH DQG ZRUOG FXOWXUH >@ 7KH YDVW
PDMRULW\ RI UHDGHUV KDYH D SRVLWLYH DWWLWXGH WRZDUGV WKH
SURIRXQG LGHRORJLFDO FRQQRWDWLRQ RI The Analects ,Q WKHLU
FRPPHQWV UHDGHUV QRW RQO\ H[SUHVVHG WKHLU UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG
ORYH IRU LWV SKLORVRSKLFDO YDOXH EXW DOVR VKDUHG WKHLU RZQ
FXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHDQGDHVWKHWLFLPDJLQDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQ
DV WKH RULJLQDOV UHFUHDWLRQ %\ DQ\ QDPH KRZHYHU
&RQIXFLXVLVDJUHDWSKLORVRSKHUZKRVSHDNVWRXVWRGD\MXVWDV
FOHDUO\ DV KH VSRNH WR WKH SHRSOH RI &KLQHVH DQWLTXLW\ +H
OLYHGDORQJWLPHDJR±ZKHQKHGLHGLQ%&WKH6SDUWDQ
GHIHQVHRI7KHUPRS\ODHKDGWDNHQSODFHMXVWRQH\HDUEHIRUH±
EXW LW LV DVWRQLVKLQJ KRZ FXUUHQW DQG UHOHYDQW KLV ZRUGV DQG
LGHDVUHPDLQ3DXO+DVSHO$PD]RQ5HDGHU´
5HDGHUVDOVRH[SODLQHGWKH ZLVGRP RIThe AnalectsIURP
GLIIHUHQWDQJOHVDQGKLJKO\DSSUDLVHGLWDVRQHRIWKHFODVVLFV
RI WUDGLWLRQDO &KLQHVH FXOWXUH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKHP The
AnalectsKDVDFRPSOHWHDQGSURIRXQGLGHRORJLFDOV\VWHPDQG
WKHUHIRUH KDV HWHUQDO YDOXH DFURVV WLPH DQG VSDFH The
AnalectsWRXFKHVRQWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDQGGHHSHVWSUREOHPV
RIOLIHVHOIPDVWHU\VRFLDOUHODWLRQVJRYHUQPHQWIDPLO\DQG
PXFKPRUH&RQIXFLXVXUJHVXVWRIROORZµWKHZD\¶WRVWXG\
DQGWRREVHUYHµWKHULWHV¶DVDZRUWK\ZD\RIOLIH+HGRHVQW
SURPLVH WKDW RQH ZKR IROORZV WKLV ZD\ ZLOO EH ZHDOWK\ RU
KDSS\RUHQOLJKWHQHGRUµVDYHG¶EXWUDWKHUWKDWVXFKDOLIHLV
VWLOOWKHEHVW RQH FDQOLYH DV LW LVGHFRURXV DQG HQQREOLQJ-
0DUOLQ$PD]RQ5HDGHU´
0DQ\UHDGHUVDOVRFRPPHQWHGWKDWThe AnalectsLVZRUWK
RIUHSHDWHGUHDGLQJDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQ2QWKLVUHUHDGLQJ
RIThe Analects,HQFRXQWHUHGVRPHVD\LQJVWKDWZHUHDOUHDG\
IDPLOLDUWRPHHJµ7RVD\\RXNQRZZKHQ\RXNQRZDQGWR
VD\\RXGRQRWZKHQ\RXGRQRWWKDWLVNQRZOHGJH¶,,S
<HW RQ WKLV UHDGLQJ , OHDUQHG PDQ\ WKLQJV WKDW , IRXQG
QHZ 3DXO +DVSHO $PD]RQ 5HDGHU , ZRXOG
UHFRPPHQG The AnalectsWRDQ\RQHZKRPLJKWZDQWWR
LPPHUVH WKHPVHOYHV LQ RQH RI WKH LPSRUWDQW IRXQGDWLRQV RI
&KLQHVHFXOWXUHPLQLPDOGUREH$PD]RQ5HDGHU
,Q DGGLWLRQ VRPH UHDGHUV WKLQN WKDW The Analects VKDSHG
WKHLU RXWORRN RQ OLIH DQG ZRUOG DQG UHDGLQJ The Analects
KHOSHGWKHPDQGFKDQJHGWKHLUZD\RIWKLQNLQJ6RPHRIWKH
LGHDV RI &RQIXFLXV FDQ FKDQJH WKH ZD\ \RX WKLQN DQG DFW
WRZDUGV RWKHUV IRU WKH EHWWHU LI \RX WDNH WKHP RQERDUG DQG
DSSO\WKHPLQ\RXUOLIH&KULVWRSKHU0RUJDQ$PD]RQ5HDGHU
, DP QRW D VWUDQJHU WR UHDGLQJ SKLORVRSK\ RGG
SHUKDSV FRQVLGHULQJ P\ DJH , KDG UHDG 1LHW]VFKH
0LOWRQ)ULHGPDQVPRQRJUDSKCapitalism and FreedomPXFK
RI 0D[ 6WLUQHUV The Ego and Its Own QXPHURXV SROLWLFDO
HVVD\VDQGRSLQLRQSLHFHV0DFKLDYHOOLVThe PrinceDOOWKRVH
ZHUH PXFK PRUH F\QLFDO WKDQ &RQIXFLXV ZKR KDV D
ZRQGHUIXO LI FDXWLRXV RXWORRN RQ OLIH0RVW LPSRUWDQWO\ WR
WKLVUHYLHZWKLVERRNKHOSHGVWDELOL]HPHDWDWLPHZKHQ,ZDV
XQFHUWDLQDQGWKLQNLQJDORW,IHHO&RQIXFLXVKHOSHGWXUQPH
LQWRDZLVHUPDQPLQLPDOGUREH$PD]RQ5HDGHU´
/DVW EXW QRW OHDVW UHDGHUV LQFRUSRUDWHG PDQ\ &KLQHVH
FXOWXUHDQGHOHPHQWVVXFKDV&RQIXFLDQLVP6XQ7]HWKH$UW
RI :DUIDUH &KXDQJ7]H DQG 0HQFLXV ZKHQ VKDULQJ WKHLU
UHDGLQJH[SHULHQFHRI The Analects ,QJHQHUDOLWVHHPVWKDW
WKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsKDVDOVREHFRPHRQHRI
WKHSODWIRUPVIRUUHDGHUVLQ(QJOLVKVSHDNLQJFRXQWULHVWRJHW
WRNQRZDQGXQGHUVWDQG&KLQDDQGLWVFXOWXUH
C. Aesthetics, Translation Gains and Losses
$VRQHRIWKH&RQIXFLDQFODVVLFVThe AnalectsLVQRWRQO\
SURIRXQG LQ WHUPV RI SKLORVRSKLFDO FRQQRWDWLRQ EXW DOVR
FRQFLVH$VDUHVXOWLWVWUDQVODWLRQSODFHVKLJKUHTXLUHPHQWVRQ
WKHWUDQVODWRUVODQJXDJHVNLOOVDQGDHVWKHWLFDELOLW\HVSHFLDOO\
WKH DELOLW\ WR WUDQVIHU XQLTXH VRXQGIRUP DQG PHDQLQJ LQWR
WKHWUDQVODWLRQ2QWKHRWKHUKDQGDV(QJOLVKQDWLYHVSHDNHUV
DUH OLPLWHG LQ WKHLU &KLQHVH WKHLU MXGJHPHQW RI WKH (QJOLVK
YHUVLRQRIThe AnalectsPDLQO\OLHVLQWKHWUDQVODWLRQDVZHOODV
DHVWKHWLFJDLQVDQGORVVHVDWWKHZRUGOHYHOLHE\H[DPLQLQJ
D FHUWDLQ SLHFH RI WUDQVODWLRQ RU FRPSDULQJ PXOWLSOH
WUDQVODWLRQV WR GHWHUPLQH ZKLFK RQH DFFXUDWHO\ FRQYH\V WKH
PHDQLQJRIWKHRULJLQDOWH[W
7DNLQJ 䠻 DV DQ H[DPSOH WKH FRQQRWDWLRQ RI LW FDQ EH
GLYLGHG LQWR WZR OHYHOV WKH YDULRXV LQWHUQDO UXOHV DQG
UHJXODWLRQVRIVWDWHDJHQFLHVDQGVRFLDORUJDQL]DWLRQVDQG
WKH KLHUDUFK\ EHWZHHQ SHRSOH DQG WKH QRUPV RI EHKDYLRU
UHODWHGWRWKLVKLHUDUFK\&RUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHVHWZROHYHOVRI
FRQWHQWWKHXOWLPDWHJRDORI䠻LVWRDFKLHYHVRFLDOKDUPRQ\
ZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKH KDUPRQ\RI WKH FRXQWU\ DQGWKHKDUPRQ\
EHWZHHQ SHRSOH LQ VRFLHW\ ,Q DGGLWLRQ 䠻LVQRWRQO\D
FRPELQDWLRQRIHWLTXHWWHLGHDVDQGULWXDOVEXWDOVRFDQEHXVHG
DVDSROLWLFDOVWUDWHJ\WRJRYHUQWKHFRXQWU\DQGWKHFRXQWU\µV
EHKDYLRUV LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH ILYH WUDQVODWLRQV DOO UHIOHFW WKH
UHOLJLRXVPHDQLQJRI䠻HPSKDVL]LQJWKDWWKHVRFLHW\EXLOWRQ
LW LV QRW RQO\ D VHFXODU VRFLHW\ EXW DOVR D SODFH RI UHOLJLRXV
H[SHULHQFH,QFRPSDULVRQWUDQVODWLRQVRI-DPHV/HJJHDQG'
& /DX SDLG PRUH DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH IRUP RI WKH RULJLQDO WH[W
ZKLOHWKHWUDQVODWLRQVRI$PHV5RJHU7DQG+HQU\5RVHPRQW
-UDGRSWHGIUHHWUDQVODWLRQSLQ\LQ&KLQHVHFKDUDFWHUWR
WUDQVODWH 䠻 DQG HPSKDVL]HG WKH FRQQRWDWLRQ RI &KLQHVH
SKLORVRSK\ 6OLQJHUODQG KLJKOLJKWHG RQ WKH XOWLPDWH SXUSRVH
DQGIXQFWLRQRIULWXDOVDQGLVPRUHIRUPDOZKLOH+XQJPLQJ
.XVWUDQVODWLRQLVHDV\WRXQGHUVWDQGDQGPRUHDXWKHQWLF
,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHUH DUH UHDGHUV ZKR FRPSDUHG DQG
FRPPHQWHG RQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQV RI 6LPRQ /H\V DQG $UWKXU
2385
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
:DOH\ , WKLQN WKH /H\V WUDQVODWLRQ LV D YHU\ JRRG
LQWURGXFWLRQWRThe AnalectsIRUVRPHRQHZKRLVORRNLQJIRUD
VWDUWLQJSRLQWLQ&RQIXFLDQWKRXJKW7KHWUDQVODWLRQLVDOLWWOH
ELW ORRVH EXW IORZV ZHOO LQ (QJOLVK WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ JLYHV D
JRRG DPRXQW RI FRQWH[W ZLWKRXW JRLQJ RYHUERDUG DQG WKH
QRWHV DUH QLFHO\ VLWXDWHG DW WKH HQG WR SUHYHQW FOXWWHU 7KLV
PDNHVLWDJRRGYHUVLRQIRUWKH&RQIXFLXVQRYLFHDFRPPHQW,
PHDQLQHDUQHVWDQGQRWDEDFNKDQGHGFRPSOLPHQW7KDWVDLG
, KDYH \HW WR ILQG D WUDQVODWLRQ WKDW VXUSDVVHV :DOH\V LQ LWV
ULJRU DQG WKRURXJKQHVV WKH FRSLRXV QRWHV DQG GHWDLOHG
LQWURGXFWLRQDUHH[FHOOHQWDVZHOO+RZHYHU:DOH\LVOLNHO\WR
EH D OLWWOH PRUH GLIILFXOW IRU WKH QHZFRPHU WR &RQIXFLXV DQG
&RQIXFLDQLVPVRKHPLJKWQRWEHWKHEHVWVWDUWLQJSRLQW&(
6WHYHQV$PD]RQ5HDGHU´
,QVKRUWWKHWUDQVODWLRQRI&KLQHVHFODVVLFVPXVWQRWRQO\
EH IDLWKIXO WR WKH VSLULWXDO HVVHQFH RI WKH RULJLQDO ZRUN EXW
DOVR WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ &KLQHVH DQG
ZHVWHUQ ODQJXDJHV FXOWXUHV DQG SKLORVRSKLFDO WUDGLWLRQV LH
WKH WUDQVODWLRQV PXVW QRW RQO\ FRQYH\ WKH HVVHQFH RI WKH
RULJLQDO HWKLFDO WKRXJKWV EXW DOVR UHIOHFW WKH ODQJXDJH DQG
TXHVWLRQVW\OH>@
D. The Image of China Reflected in The Analects
:H XVHG 3\WKRQ WR VHDUFK WKH VXEFRUSXV RI UHDGHU
FRPPHQWVZLWKWKHNH\ZRUGV&KLQDVHH)LJDQG&KLQHVH
VHH)LJDQGILQGWKDWWKHLPDJHRI&KLQDUHIOHFWHGLQWKH
UHDGHU UHYLHZV LV TXLWH SRVLWLYH 2QO\ RI FRPPHQWV DUH
QHJDWLYHZKLFKSRLQWRXWWKDW&KLQHVHHVSHFLDOO\WKHZULWWHQ
ODQJXDJHLVUHODWLYHO\YDJXHDQGDPELJXRXVDQGLQFUHDVHVWKH
GLIILFXOW\ RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ &KLQHVH SKLORVRSK\ DQG FXOWXUH
7KHPDMRULW\RIWKHFRPPHQWVFRQVWUXFWVWKHLPDJHRI
&KLQD DV DQ ³HOLWHPDQDJHG VRFLHW\´ ,W LV RQO\ LQ PRGHUQ
WLPHVWKDW&KLQDKDVODJJHGEHKLQGWKHZHVWLQVFLHQFHDQGLV
FDWFKLQJ XS TXLFNO\ &KLQHVH SKLORVRSK\ DQG FXOWXUH DUH
SURIRXQGDQGEULOOLDQWDQG&KLQHVHLVPRUHIOH[LEOH0RUHRYHU
WKHLPDJHRI&KLQHVHVFKRODUVLVDOVRYHU\SRVLWLYH,WFDQEH
VHHQWKDWUHDGHUVIRFXVRQ&KLQDVLPDJHFDQEHVXPPDUL]HG
LQWRILYHDVSHFWVODQJXDJH&KLQHVHLWVSKLORVRSK\FXOWXUH
VRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWDQG&KLQHVHVFKRODUV
)LJXUH6HDUFK5HVXOWZLWKWKH.H\ZRUG&KLQDLQ5HDGHU5HYLHZ6XE
&RUSXV%DVHGRQ3\WKRQ
3\WKRQLVQRWFDVHVHQVLWLYH
)LJXUH6HDUFK5HVXOWZLWKWKH.H\ZRUG&KLQHVHLQ5HDGHU5HYLHZ6XE
&RUSXV%DVHGRQ3\WKRQ
9,&21&/86,216
%DVHGRQWKHDERYHTXDQWLWDWLYHDQGTXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VHVRI
UHDGHU UHYLHZV RQ WKH WZR PDMRU ZHVWHUQ UHDGHUV¶ VRFLDO
QHWZRUNVZHFDQVHHWKDWDOWKRXJKVRPHUHDGHUVFULWLFL]HGWKH
WUDQVODWLRQ TXDOLW\ ELQGLQJ DQG SDFNDJLQJ RI FHUWDLQ
WUDQVODWLRQV WKH RYHUDOO UHDGHU DFFHSWDQFH LV JRRG 0RVW
UHDGHUV FRPPHQWHG SRVLWLYHO\ DQG VKDUHG WKHLU UHDGLQJ
H[SHULHQFH RI WKH (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects E\
DFWLYHO\ UHFRJQL]LQJ LWV LGHRORJLFDO YDOXH FRQQRWDWLRQ DQG
JXLGLQJ VLJQLILFDQFH RI WKHLU RXWORRN RQ OLIH 7KH (QJOLVK
WUDQVODWLRQV RI The Analects DOVR DULVH WKHLU LQWHUHVW DQG
HQWKXVLDVPLQJHWWLQJWRNQRZ&KLQHVHFXOWXUHDQGHOHPHQWV
:KDW XOWLPDWHO\ GHWHUPLQHV WKH IDWH RI D ERRN LV WKH UHDGHU
IHHGEDFN DQG HYDOXDWLRQ :KHQ WUDQVODWLQJ FXOWXUDO FODVVLFV
DWWHQWLRQ VKRXOG EH SDLG WR WKH UHTXLUHPHQW RI WKH WDUJHW
DXGLHQFH DQG WKHLU DFWXDO QHHGV >@ +RSHIXOO\ WKLV VWXG\
ZLOO SURYLGH LQVLJKW IRU UHOHYDQW UHVHDUFK RQ WKH SRVLWLRQLQJ
DQGLQIOXHQFHRIIRUHLJQWUDQVODWLRQRI&KLQHVHFODVVLFV
5()(5(1&(6
>@ < < :DQJ &RQWURYHUV\ EHWZHHQ &RQIXFLDQLVP DQG &KULVWLDQLW\ DQG
EHWZHHQ &RQIXFLDQLVP DQG %XGGKLVPChina National News
>2QOLQH@ $YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZGRFFRPFRQWHQWBVKWPO
>$FFHVVHG2FW@
>@;)DQ2QWKHFXOWXUDOWUDQVPLVVLRQWKURXJKHDUO\(QJOLVKUHWUDQVODWLRQV
RI&RQIXFLDQFODVVLFVForeign Language Teaching and ResearchYRO
QRSS
>@ < 0 /LX ³2Q WKH IDPRXV %ULWLVK WUDQVODWLRQ $UWKXU :DOH\´ Chinese
Translators JournalYROQRSS
>@ * 4 +H ³2Q WKH µ7ZLQ /HJLWLPDFLHV¶ LQ WKH 7UDQVODWLQJ RI7KH
$QDOHFWV²:LWK 6SHFLDO 5HIHUHQFH WR $UWKXU :DOH\¶V 9HUVLRQ´
Shanghai Journal of TranslatorsYROQRSS±
>@-*/LX³$FULWLFDOUHYLHZRIWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRILunyuE\$PHV
DQG 5RVHPRQW´ Fudan Forum on Foreign Languages and Literature
YROQRSS±
>@ - * /LX ³7RZDUG D UHVHPEODQFH LQ ERWK IRUP DQG VSLULW²RQ %XUWRQ
:DWVRQ¶V (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ RI The Analects”,Journal of Tianjin
Foreign Studies UniversityYROQRSS±
>@*/LDQG-6/L³$VWXG\RQ(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQRIThe AnalectsIURP
WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI GHVFULSWLYH WUDQVODWLRQ VWXGLHV´ Journal of Foreign
LanguagesYROQRSS±
>@ . /L ³7KH SHUSOH[LWLHV RI WUDQVODWLQJ The Analects LQWR (QJOLVK DQG
IXUWKHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQDFDVHVWXG\RIFRPSDULQJWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQV
2386
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
RINH\FRQFHSWVLQThe Analects”Journal of Mudanjiang UniversityYRO
QRSS±
>@3<DQJ³(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIThe AnalectsLQWKHWK
&HQWXU\´Studies on ConfuciusYROQRSS±
>@ = < 0D DQG 5 = 5HQ History of World's Translations of Chinese
Writing:XKDQ+XEHL+XEHL(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV
>@ ; 6 /L DQG 6 6 &KHQ5000 Years' History of Cultural Exchanges
between China and the Outside World %HLMLQJ :RUOG .QRZOHGJH
3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH
>@ 6 : 'XUUDQW ³2Q WUDQVODWLQJ /XQ \´ Chinese Literature: Essays,
Articles, Reviews (CLEARYROQR SS±
>@ ' 6FKDEHUJ ³5HYLHZ µ6HOO LW VHOO LW¶ UHFHQW WUDQVODWLRQV RI Lunyu´
Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews(CLEARYRO QR
SS
>@5eWLHPEOHDe La Sinophilie a La Sinophobie (Bibliotheque des Idees)
3DULVeGLWLRQV*DOOLPDUG
>@/3ILVWHUNotices Biographiques et Bibliographiques Sur les Jésuites de
L'ancienne Mission de Chine/RQGRQ)DFVLPLOH3XEOLVKHU
>@ 0 /LDR ³$Q DQDO\VLV RI WKH YDULHW\ RI WUDQVODWLRQV RI Tao De Jing´
Journal of Southwest Minzu University (Humanities and Social Science)
YROQRSS
>@ < + :X ³$ VXPPDU\ RI VWXGLHV RQ (QJOLVK 7UDQVODWLRQV RIThe
Analects LQ&KLQDDQGDEURDG´Overseas English YRO QR SS
>@-/HJJH Confucian Analects, the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of
the Mean7DLSHL60&3XEOLVKLQJ,QF
>@'&/DXConfucius: The Analects+RQJ.RQJ7KH&KLQHVH8QLYHUVLW\
RI+RQJ.RQJ3UHVV
>@ 5 7 $PHV DQG + 5RVHPRQW WUDQV The Analects of Confucius: A
Philosophical Translation1HZ<RUN%DOODQWLQH
>@(*6OLQJHUODQGConfucius: Analects, with Selections from Traditional
Commentaries,QGLDQDSROLV+DFNHWW3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\,QFRUSRUDWHG
>@+0.XThe Discourse and Sayings of Confucius6KDQJKDL.HOO\DQG
:DOVK/LPLWHG
>@1'RQJ³$GHVFULSWLYHVWXG\RQWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQV
RITao Te Ching´Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,
YROQRSS
>@ < + &XL ³$ VWXG\ RQ WKH WDUJHW DXGLHQFH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH (QJOLVK
YHUVLRQV RI Tao Te Ching IURP WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI YDOXH HYDOXDWLRQ´
Foreign Language ResearchYROQRSS
2387
Authorized licensed use limited to: East Carolina University. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 00:26:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
