[PDF]

The Communist Manifesto (1848) PDF Free Download

1 / 23
1 views•23 pages

The Communist Manifesto (1848) PDF Free Download

The Communist Manifesto (1848) PDF free Download. Think more deeply and widely.

TheCommunist
Manifesto(1848)
EightReadings
Preliminaries:OnDangerousIdeas
“Aspectre ishauntingEurope—
thespectre ofCommunism”
(63).
AwarningfromformerCanadianPrimeMinister,
StephenHarper
AwarningfromformerCanadianPrimeMinister,
StephenHarper
“Whereisthepartyin
oppositionthathasnot
beendecriedas
Communisticbyits
opponentsinpower?”(63)
Thepamphletthat
changedtheworld?
Part1:UnlikelyRevolutionaries
“Justas…atanearlierperiod,a
sectionofthenobilitywent
overtothebourgeoisie,sonow
aportionofthebourgeoisie
goesovertotheproletariat,
andinparticular,aportionof
thebourgeoisideologists,who
haveraisedthemselvestothe
levelofcomprehending
theoreticallythehistorical
momentasawhole”(76).
Jenny,KarlandFriedrichbondinCologne,1844.Ascenefrom
“TheYoungMarx”(2018).
KarlMarx(1818‐1883):philosopher,historian,
politicaleconomist,agitator
•BornandeducatedinGermany,initiallyinlawandthenphilosophy;
beginslongcareerasradicaljournalist
•1843‐44:meetsEngels,beginslifelongcollaboration
•1845‐48:exiledtoBrussels,prohibitedfrompublishingonpolitics
•1847‐48:composesCommunistManifesto
•1848‐50:movestoParisandCologne,harassedbygovernment
•1850‐83:settlesinLondon,supportshisfamilyascorrespondentfor
NewYorkDailyHerald whileresearchingeconomichistoryatthe
BritishLibrary
•1867:PublishesfirstvolumeofCapital
Part2:TheContext
“Modernindustryhas
establishedtheworld
market,forwhichthe
discoveryofAmericapaved
theway”(66).
TheEngelsfactoryinManchester,whereFriedrichwasintroducedtothe
miseryoftheemergingworkingclass.
Part3:MarxasPhilosopher
“Doesitrequiredeepintuitionto
comprehendthatman’sideas,views
andconceptions,inoneword,man’s
consciousness,changeswithevery
changeintheconditionsofhismaterial
existence,inhissocialrelationsandin
hissociallife?...Therulingideasofeach
agehaveeverbeentheideasofits
rulingclass”(86).
Karl’sCave(materialismvsidealism)
Part4:MarxasHistorian
“Thehistoryofall
hithertoexisting
societyisthehistory
ofclassstruggle”(64).
DialecticalMaterialism
Part5:MarxasPoliticalEconomist
“Thebourgeoisiecannotexist
withoutconstantly
revolutionizingthe
instrumentsofproduction,
andtherebytherelationsof
production,andwiththem
thewholerelationsof
society”(67).
ComingtoMarxianterms:
•Meansofproduction:tools,ideas,etc.usedtoproducethings
•Modeofproduction:atypeofproductivesystem(feudalism,
capitalism)
•Alienation:theseparationofpartsofaproductiveprocesssuchasthe
workerfromtheirlabour ortheproductoftheirlabour
Capitalism’sMagicTrick
“Inbourgeoissocietycapitalis
independentandhas
individuality,whiletheliving
personisdependentandhas
noindividuality”(82).
“[Capitalism]has
convertedthephysician,
thelawyer,thepriest,the
poet,themanofscience,
intoitspaidwage‐
labourers”(67).
Capitalism’sContradictions
“Modernbourgeoissocietywithits
relationsofproduction,ofexchangeandof
property…islikethesorcerer,whoisno
longerabletocontrolthepowersofthe
netherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhis
spells….Inthesecrisestherebreaksoutan
epidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,would
haveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemic
ofoverproduction”(70‐71).
BourgeoisvsProletariat
“Theselabourers,whomustsell
themselvespiecemeal,areacommodity,
likeeveryotherarticleofcommerce,and
areconsequentlyexposedtoallthe
vicissitudesofcompetition,toallthe
fluctuationsofthemarket”(72).
“Everyclassstruggleisapolitical
struggle”(75).
Part6:MarxasSociologist
“Bourgeoismarriageisin
realityasystemofwivesin
commonandthus,atmost,
whattheCommunistsmight
possiblybereproachedwith,
isthattheydesireto
introduce,insubstitutionfor
ahypocriticallyconcealed,
anopenlylegalized
communityofwomen”(85).
“Theworkingmenhavenocountry”(85).
Part7:MarxasPoliticalAgitator
“Youarehorrifiedatourintendingtodo
awaywithprivateproperty.Butinyour
existingsociety,privatepropertyis
alreadydoneawaywithfornine‐tenths
ofthepopulation…”(82)
“Theproletarianmovementisthe
self‐conscious,independent
movementoftheimmensemajority,
intheinterestoftheimmense
majority”(77).
Part8:MarxasProphet
“Inplaceoftheoldbourgeois
society,withitsclassesandclass
antagonisms,weshallhavean
association,inwhichthefree
developmentofeachisthe
conditionforthefree
developmentofall”(89).
“TheCommunistrevolutionis
themostradicalrupturewith
traditionalpropertyrelations;
nowonderthatitsdevelopment
involvesthemostradical
rupturewithtraditionalideas”
(87).
Part9:MarxasPolemicist
“TheSocialisticbourgeoiswantallthe
advantagesofmodernsocial
conditionswithoutthestrugglesand
dangersnecessarilyresulting
therefrom.Theydesiretheexisting
stateofsocietyminusits
revolutionaryanddisintegrating
elements.Theywishforabourgeoisie
withoutaproletariat”(97).
Part10:MarxasLiteraryStylist
“Allthatissolidmeltsintoair,all
thatisholyisprofaned,andman
isatlastcompelledtofacewith
sobersenses,hisrealconditions
oflife,andhisrelationswithhis
kind”(68).
“Theproletarianshavenothingtolose
buttheirchains.Theyhaveaworldto
win”(104).
Epilogue:TheManyAfterlivesofThe
CommunistManifesto
“Theproletarianshavenothingto
losebuttheirchains.Theyhavea
worldtowin”(104).