
对 贝克特文学风格 的文体学研究
式”风格。向 “无风格” 的法语转 向作 为一
个契机使贝克特顿悟到他所需要的技巧是独
白。从语域 的角度看 ,贝克 特法语 的独白试图
消灭语域 ,这种强烈的愿望无异于宣布他渴望
“无语言地写作 ”或 “无墨迹地写作”。在这
个意义上讲 ,“无风格地写作”是失败的。然
而随着构成 “三 部曲” 的 那些绝妙 的独 白的
展开 ,在之 后的文本 中,这种失 败越来越 不显
眼了,风格愈加平直沉闷,用典不那 么多了,
但不论贝克特新的文本多么朴实无华 ,语域还
在那儿 ,要找还找得到。他失败了,但这个失
败是个巨大的成功,真可谓 “再次失败。失
败得更好 ”。四
《莫洛伊》是 “三部曲”的第一卷。许多
批评家认为小说安排的两部分叙事不连贯。由
莫朗叙事的第二部分 比由莫洛伊叙事的第一部
分更具写实主义传统 ,因此他应该在先 ,这样
让他最 远地躲 开 “三 部曲 ” 的 一贯 的宗 旨。
据此,叙事的顺序应该为莫朗 一莫洛伊 一马龙
一“无法称 呼的人 ”,而不是 贝 克特实 际安排
的顺序 :莫洛伊 一莫 朗 一马龙 一 “无法称呼
的人 ”。用语域来衡 量情况并 不尽然 。莫洛伊
叙事的部分的语域 比莫朗的叙事部分的语域离
“无法称呼的人”的语域更远。请看 :
M oran: I've always loved doing
nothing. And 1 would gladly have tested on
weekdays too, if I could have afforded it.
Not that 1 was positively lazy. It was
something else. Seeing something done
which I could have done better myself, if I
had wished, and which I did do better
whenever I put my mind to it, I had the
impression of discharging a function to which
n0 f_0rm of activitv c0uld have exaIted me.@
The Unnamable:And I await my turn.
Yes indeed, I do not despair, all things
considered, of drawing their attention to my
case, some fine day. Not that it offers thee
least interest, hey, something wrong there,
not that it is particularly interesting. I'll
accept that, but it’s my turn, I too have the
right to be shown impossible.国
M olloy:I took advantage of the silence
which fo1lowed these kind words to turn
towards the window ,blindly or nearly,for I
had closed my eyes, proffering to that
blandness of blue and gold my face and neck
alone, and my mind empty too, or nearly,
for I must have been wondering if I did not
feel like sitting down, after such a long time
standing, and remembering what I had
learnt in that connection, namely that the
sitting posture was not for me any more,
because of my short stiff leg, and that there
were only two postures for me any more, the
vertical, drooping between my crutched,
sleeping on my feet, and the horizontal,
down on the ground. And yet the desire to
sit came upon me from time to time, back
upon me from a vanished world。@
恰恰是前两段之间存在着语调的相似 :第一句
都是短句 ;分句和短语呈断裂状 ;执意的 自我
专注;词汇简单易懂 ,而分句结构颇具约翰逊
文体的复杂性。第三段莫洛伊的风格可以辨认
出是贝克特式的,但它所具有的流畅、隐喻的
倾向和一种乐观主义却是前两个选段所没有
的。这样,莫洛伊 “本人” 比后来 占据 和讲
述 “三部曲”的 “化身”,包括莫朗, “向外
走出得更远 ”,进入 了世界 ,而不 是那么 与世
隔绝地囚禁在 幽闭恐怖症 的梦魇里。曾即便这
一点从叙事者生活中的想象情景不是一 目了
然,从所运用的语域却可得到证实。随着
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