AKSF NEWSLETTER Issue 11 September 2024 PDF Free Download
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Meike Akveld
News from The President
Agnieszka Krause
Math Kangaroo Zakopane Camp
Özgür Özdemir
Kangaroo Math Summer Camps
Joanna Matthiesen
Hello and welcome
AKSF NEWSLETTER
Issue 11
September 2024
Follow us on Facebook and Instagram www.instagram.com/aksf_org http://facebook.com/aksf.org
Michail Lambrou
Scripta Manent
Greg Becker
AI chatbots are already better
at hard maths than you are
Yichan Yuan
Math Kangaroo Asia Camp:
A Feast for Young
Math Enthusiasts
Renate Gotlieb
DATCH 2024 in Vienna
-1-
Hello and welcome to
our 11th Kangourou
sans Frontières
Newsletter.
Joanna Ma tthiesen
joanna@mathkangaroo.org
Dear Kangaroo Frends,
It’s a pleasure to contrbute to the 11th edton
of our newsletter! Over the years, we’ve shared
many exceptonal artcles, and t’s exctng to
see our organzaton growng, wth more
countres jonng us. In ths ssue, I partcularly
enjoyed the stores about Kangaroo summer
camps from Austra, Chna, Poland, and
Turkey. Each camp s unque and brngs great
value to our students. Thank you to Agneszka,
Ozgur, Renate, and Yhan for sharng your
experences. Addtonally, bg thanks to the
Greek representatve, for contrbutng to each
and every edton of the newsletter, fun
mathematcal stores n the Scrpta Manent
artcles. Thank you, Mchael!
What else s new? Researchers are ncreasngly
usng Math Kangaroo questons to test AI
capabltes. Ths summer, I had the
opportunty to observe AI studes n the U.S.,
partcularly at Mtsubsh Electrc Research
Labs and MIT. AI shows promse n solvng
math problems, but much work remans. If
you’re curous, I recommend readng ths here
https://arxv.org/pdf/2406.15736 Another
great read, AI-related, s from Greg (South
Afrca), see how thngs are developng
there—thanks, Greg, for your contrbuton!
Wshng you all a wonderful Fall! I’m excted
to see many of you n Santos ths October.
Please check out the fun conference
announcement from our fantastc Brazlan
team. The next newsletter wll be publshed n
January 2025, and I encourage more
contrbutons. The artcles can be up to 700
words, wth a submsson deadlne of December
15. I look forward to your deas!
Sncerely yours,
Joanna
AKSF Newsletter Editor in Chief
Dear Kangaroo frends,
Whereas summer s comng to ts end n the northern hemsphere, faster or more slowly
dependng on where you are, sprng s peekng around the corner n the southern hemsphere. It
shows the dversty of our assocaton.
However for all of us n common s the upcomng Kangaroo season. I hope all of you have flled
out the annual report, have handed n some exctng proposals for next year’s competton, are
n the process of ratng all those proposals and I hope that many of you wll be able to travel to
our Annual Meetng, n Santos. For the frst tme, we wll meet n the Southern Hemsphere. So
exctng! And I can already tell you now that our AKSF4D scheme was very successful ths year.
We wll be able to brng more members to our meetng who, wthout ths extra support, wouldn’t
be able to travel. It shows the sprt of our famly, and I am proud of ths!
Well, what happened snce our Board meetng n sprng n Istanbul (Thanks Özgür for hostng
us agan!)? Most of the board members supervse one or more provsonal members and
dependng on the experence of ths member wth organsng compettons, ths s more or less
work. Sometmes t can keep us qute busy. On top of that, Robert s always busy wth the
fnances. As you must have read n the prevous Newsletter, we are actually lookng for an
assstant treasurer. I hope one or more of you are nterested n ths job. We smply need more
hands, and t s a good way to get a glmpse of what the AKSF board s dong.
Whch brngs me to the Board electons ths year. Remember every three years the board s
elected newly (don’t forget, the board conssts of 5 elected and 3 co-opted members – the latter
beng the organsers of the prevous, the current, and the next annual meetng). Ths year those
fve board members wll be elected agan. It’s mportant that the board represents the assocaton
– we are gettng bgger and bgger, and ths should be represented n all sorts of ways. By gettng
bgger and bgger, there s also more and more work, so we are lookng for people that want to
help. I would be lyng f I sad, that beng a board member s smply fun. No, t nvolves work,
News from The President
Meike Akveld
meike.akveld@math.ethz.ch
Dear
Kan
ga
roo
frends
,
W
hereas summer s comng to ts end n the northern hemsp
he
e
e
e
e
re, fa
st
st
st
st
st
st
s
st
er or more slowl
y
ependng on where you are, sprng s peekng around the corner n
t
t
t
t
t
t
he
sou
th
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
e
er
e
e
e
e
e
n hemsphere. I
t
h
ows the dversty of our assocaton
.
H
owever for all of us n common s the upcomng Kangaroo season. I
h
h
h
h
h
op
o
o
e all of y
ou
u
u
u
u
u
have flle
d
u
t the annual report, have handed n some exctng proposals for ne
xt
t
year’s comp
et
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
o
o
o
o
o
n,
ar
e
n
the process of ratng all those proposals and I hope that many of you
w
w
w
w
ll be able to trave
l
l
l
l
to
t
t
t
to
u
r Annual Meetng, n Santos. For the frst tme, we wll meet n the S
ou
u
u
u
u
u
thern Hemsphe
re
e
e
.
.
.
So
S
So
S
S
So
S
x
ctng! And I can already tell you now that our AKSF4D scheme was ve
r
r
ry
r
r
succe
s
s
ss
s
s
ss
s
s
f
f
f
fu
fu
l
l
l
l
l
h
th
th
s year
.
W
e wll be able to brng more members
to
o
t
t
t
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ur
ur
ur
ur
r
r
ur
m
m
m
m
e
ee
ee
t
t
ng
ng
ng
g
g
ng
g
w
w
w
w
ho
ho
h
h
ho
ho
o
,
,
,
,
wthout ths
e
e
e
e
e
xtra s
up
up
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
port, wouldn’
t
e able to travel. It shows the sp
r
r
r
r
r
r
t
t
t
t
t
of our famly, and I am proud of ths!
W
ell, what happened snce our Bo
ar
r
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
meet
n
n
n
n
n
g
g
n
n
s
s
pr
pr
pr
n
n
g
g
n
n
n
n
I
I
I
I
st
st
st
s
s
t
st
t
an
a
a
an
a
a
an
bul (Thanks
Ö
zgü
r
r
r
r
r
for
h
ho
o
o
o
s
st
n
g
s agan!)? Most of the board
me
e
e
mbers
s
u
u
pervse one
or
r
r
m
m
m
or
or
o
or
e
e
e
pr
p
pr
r
o
ov
ov
ov
s
s
s
onal
m
m
me
me
mb
er
r
r
r
s
s
s
an
d
ependng on the experence of ths
m
m
me
m
m
mber
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
t
t
t
h
h
h
h
or
or
o
ga
ga
g
ga
a
g
n
n
s
s
s
s
ng
ng
g
g
c
c
c
om
om
m
m
o
pe
pe
p
p
p
pe
p
p
t
t
t
t
t
t
o
on
on
s,
s,
s,
t
hs s
m
m
m
m
or
e
o
o
o
r
r
r
les
s
w
ork. Sometmes t can keep us q
u
te
t
te
e
e
e
e
e
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
us
u
us
us
y
y
y
y
.
y
.
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
to
to
to
to
p
p
of
o
that, Rober
t
t
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
lw
lw
lw
lw
w
w
lw
w
lw
ay
s busy w
t
t
t
t
t
h
h
h
th
e
nances. As you must have read n the pre
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
ou
ou
o
ou
ou
u
o
ou
s
s
s
s
N
N
Ne
Ne
Ne
w
ws
ws
ws
l
l
l
e
le
le
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
er
er
er
,
we
we
we
we
a
a
a
re
e
re
re
e
a
a
a
t
t
ct
ct
ct
c
ua
u
a
a
ua
ua
ua
l
ll
l
ll
l
l
ll
ll
ll
l
y
y
y
y
l
lo
lo
k
ok
ok
ok
n
n
g
g
g
f
f
f
f
fo
fo
fo
fo
f
ran
-2-
sometmes hard work, but t s very nterestng, t s workng n a wonderful team of great
people, and t gves you the experence of workng n a very nternatonal team on very dverse
ssues. Does ths sound lke somethng for you? If you are not sure, contact one of the current
board members, or me, to fnd out more about what sort of work s nvolved. And f t s perhaps
nothng for you, but for your frend, then please encourage them!
Apart from that, we worked on the usual stuff; changes n membershp (thanks Lus), ssues wth
the fnances (thanks Robert), ssues that people had wth the system (thanks Alex, Ozgur, and
Matjaz), supportng the organsers of the Annual Meetng (thanks Joanna) and ths year some of
us met at the WFNMC mn-conference whch was part of the bg cme15 meetng n Sydney. It
was lovely to see so many kangaroo faces n the country of kangaroos.
We also had the opportunty to dscuss varous ssues wth the IMU presdent prof. Hraku
Nakajma, one of whch s very close to my heart: Why do boys outperform grls n maths
compettons? Is anyone nterested n dscussng ths wth me, or brngng me a counterexample?
Openng ceremony of cme’15
Presdental gatherng Sydney
At the WFNMC mn conference
Matjaz),
supportng
the
organsers
of
the
Annual
Meetng
(thanks
Joa
nn
n
a
a
a)
and
ths
year
some
o
u
s met at the WFNMC mn-conference whch was part of the bg
c
c
c
c
me
me
me
me
me
15
5
5
5
5
5
5
meetng n Sydney. I
w
as lovely to see so many kangaroo faces n the country of kanga
ro
o
o
o
o
os
.
W
e also had the opportunt
y
t
to
t
dscuss v
ar
r
r
o
us ssues wth the I
MU
U
p
r
re
re
e
re
e
e
e
e
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
d
de
nt prof.
H
H
H
H
H
r
ak
u
N
akajma, one of whch s
v
v
ve
v
v
ry close to
m
m
my
y
heart: Why do boys
ou
u
u
tp
tp
tp
e
e
e
er
r
r
r
r
e
e
e
fo
fo
rm g
r
r
ls
ls
n
n
m
m
m
m
ma
th
s
o
mpettons? Is anyone
n
n
t
t
te
t
rested
n
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
sc
c
c
c
us
u
u
u
s
s
s
ng th
s
s
wth me, or brn
g
g
g
g
n
ng
n
ng
g
n
n
ng
n
me a
co
o
u
u
un
u
te
te
te
te
te
r
re
re
r
x
x
x
x
xa
a
a
a
mpl
e
Openng cere
mo
mo
nyny
y
y
y
y
y
of cme’1
5
At
At
At
t
t
t
he
he
he
W
W
W
FN
FN
FN
MC
MC
MC
m
m
m
n
n
n
c
c
co
oo
c
c
c
co
co
o
co
n
nf
n
nf
nf
er
er
er
e
en
en
en
ce
ce
ce
c
ce
-3-
I would lke to take ths opportunty to express my heartfelt thanks to all the authors who have
contrbuted artcles, wth specal apprecaton to Joanna, as well as Özgür and hs team, who
work trelessly behnd the scenes to make everythng run smoothly. Your efforts are truly
apprecated!
If you have deas for artcles or even just want to dscuss potental topcs, please don't hestate
to reach out to Joanna. We are always eager to feature engagng and thought-provokng content.
In an assocaton as large as ours, t's not always possble to connect wth everyone ndvdually,
but the Newsletter serves as a platform for sharng what we're all workng on. It mght spark
nspraton, start conversatons, foster collaboraton, or even lead to somethng unexpected.
That leaves me to wsh you a
wonderful tme readng ths
Newsletter. Take care, stay
healthy, and see you n Santos!
Yours,
Meke
AKSF Presdent
Follow us on Facebook and Instagram
www.instagram.com/aksf_org
http://facebook.com/aksf.org
Th
h
h
h
a
at
a
a
leave
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
meme
to wsh you a
wo
wo
o
o
o
nd
n
n
n
n
er
fu
f
l
t
t
t
t
m
me
me
m
m
m
m
rr
e
ea
dng th
s
Ne
Ne
e
e
e
e
ws
w
w
w
w
letter.
Ta
a
a
a
a
a
keke
k
k
k
k
c
c
ar
a
e, sta
y
h
eal
th
h
y,
y,
a
a
nd see you
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
SaSa
nt
nt
os
!
Yo
Yo
Yo
Yo
Yo
o
ur
ur
ur
ur
u
u
s,
s,
M
e
k
e
AK
K
SF
S
Pres
de
d
e
nt
t
t
nt
nt
nt
nt
-4-
Eureka, eureka
“Eureka” s a famous exclamaton of Archmedes (287 BC - 212 BC), uttered n hs mother
tongue Greek, at the moment of nspraton when he successfully solved a practcal problem
posed to hm by the tyrant of Syracuse, Heron (308 BC - 215 BC). The tyrant had commssoned
hs goldsmth to construct a golden crown, but when t was delvered, he suspected that hs
Before comng to the ancent sources of the story, let us dscuss n bref the word “eureka” tself.
The word “eureka” n Greek comes from the verb “eursko” (I use here Latn characters to
translterate the correspondng Greek because readers mght not be famlar wth t) whch means
to fnd or to dscover. The word “heurstcs” n Englsh, referrng to the process of
problem-solvng that facltates the dscovery of a path towards a soluton to a problem, comes
from the same verb (the extra letter “h” at the begnnng of the word “heurstcs” s a slent sound
n Greek). Archmedes’ exclamaton became a proverbal phrase, often used by scentsts at the
moment of llumnaton or dscovery after consderable thought on a problem that occuped ther
mnds. My favourte example s when the great German mathematcan Carl Fredrch Gauss
(1777-1855) at the age of 19 on the 10th of July 1796 recorded n hs Tagebuch (Dary) the
cryptc sentence "ΕΥΡΗΚΑ! num = Δ + Δ + Δ". He was referrng to hs dscovery on July 10th
that any natural number can be expressed as the sum of three trangular numbers. In passng, note
that Gauss wrote the word “eureka” usng the orgnal Greek alphabet although the rest of hs
dary s wrtten n Latn.
goldsmth had embezzled a quantty of
gold and replaced t wth slver. He then
asked Archmedes to nvestgate the case
but wthout destroyng the crown. The
story goes that whle takng hs bath,
Archmedes conceved the prncple of
buoyancy, whch today bears hs name,
through whch he confrmed the fraud. At
that moment he exctedly leaped out of hs
bath runnng naked nto the streets of
Syracuse, shoutng “eureka, eureka”.
The purpose of this column is to discuss, periodically,
proverbial phrases from philosophy, literature, or
history that are relevant to Mathematics. In each case,
we explore the origin, meaning, and use of maxims
which mathematicians and intellectuals often like to
refer to.
Scripta Manent
Michael Lambrou
lambrou@uoc.gr
ureka
,
eureka
E
ureka” s a famous exclamaton of Archmedes
(
287 BC - 212 B
C
C)
C)
C
C
C)
, uttered
n
h
h
h
h
h
s
mothe
r
o
ngue Greek, at the moment of nspraton when he successfully so
lv
v
v
v
v
v
v
ed a practcal p
ro
ro
ro
o
o
o
bl
bl
bl
b
b
b
bl
e
m
o
sed to hm by the tyrant of Syracuse, Heron (308 BC - 215 BC). The
ty
y
y
y
r
ra
r
r
r
nt had commssone
d
s goldsmth to construct a golden crown, but when t was delvered, he
s
s
s
s
uspected t
ha
ha
ha
h
a
a
a
a
t
t
t
t
t
h
h
h
h
h
s
s
s
s
efore comng to the ancent sourc
es
s
s
s
s
s
of the
s
t
t
t
ory,
l
l
t
et
us
d
d
sc
us
us
us
us
s
s
ss
s
s
n
n
n
bref the word
“e
e
e
urek
a
a”
”
”
”
”
tse
l
h
e word “eureka” n Greek com
es
s
s
s
s
from
th
h
h
h
e verb “eursk
o”
(
(
(
I
I
I
use
he
h
r
re
e
e
re
e
Latn
c
c
c
c
ha
ra
c
ct
t
t
e
e
e
r
s t
o
anslterate the correspondng Gree
k
be
b
b
b
caus
e
e
e
e
e
re
r
re
e
e
r
ad
a
ad
ad
d
a
er
e
e
er
s
s
s
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
gh
g
h
h
g
g
g
gh
g
gh
t
t
t
t
no
no
no
t
t
t
t
b
b
b
e
b
e
e
be
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
am
m
m
am
a
am
m
l
l
l
l
l
a
a
a
a
r
r
r
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
th t)
w
w
w
h
h
ch
ch
m
m
m
m
m
m
ean
s
o
fnd or to dscover. The word
“
“
h
h
h
h
he
ur
s
s
s
s
s
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
cscs
””
n Englsh
,
,
re
fe
e
rr
rr
n
n
n
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
t
to
o
t
t
o
t
the pro
ce
e
e
e
e
e
s
s
ss
s
o
f
roblem solvng that facltates the dscovery
o
o
o
f
f
f
f
a
a
pa
th
th
t
t
owar
ds
d
as
ol
l
t
ut
t
o
n
n
t
t
to
o
a
a
p
ro
o
bl
bl
bl
em comes
o
ldsmth had embezzled a quantty of
o
ld and replaced t wth slver.
H
H
H
H
H
e
e
e
e
e
th
h
h
h
h
h
th
t
en
s
ked Archmedes to nvestgat
e
e
e
e
the case
u
t wthout destroyng the
c
c
c
c
r
r
ro
r
r
r
wn. The
ory goes that whle tak
n
ng
ng
n
hs bath,
rchmedes conceved t
he
e
e
e
prncple of
u
oyancy, whch today
b
be
b
b
b
ars hs
n
na
a
na
na
n
n
me
m
me
me
me
me
me
e
,
,
,
,
h
ro
ug
ug
ug
ug
ug
ug
ug
h
h
h
h
h
h
wh
wh
wh
wh
w
wh
w
ch he conf
r
m
rm
r
r
r
ed the f
ra
a
a
a
a
u
u
u
ud
u
u
u
u
.
At
t
t
t
t
t
h
a
a
at
at
a
a
a
a
m
om
m
m
m
m
en
en
n
n
t
t
t
t
he exc
t
t
ed
d
ed
ed
ed
e
e
ly
lea
pe
d
ou
u
ou
u
u
u
ou
o
t of h
s
s
s
s
s
s
a
a
th r
u
u
n
u
u
u
n
ng n
ak
k
k
k
a
ak
d
ed
e
e
nto the
st
s
reets
o
o
of
o
o
o
y
y
y
y
y
y
racuse,
h
h
h
sh
out
ng
“eureka,
eu
eu
eu
e
reka”.
which
mathematicians
and
intellectuals
often
like
to
refer to.
Mic
h
h
h
h
a
a
e
e
l
l
L
L
L
L
a
a
m
b
r
o
u
la
m
b
b
b
b
b
r
r
o
o
u
u
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
uu
o
c.
g
r
-6-
The next two paragraphs of Vtruvus gve us a summary of how Archmedes used “Archmedes’
Prncple” for hs task.
We also have a reference to the ncdent n Greek. It s n a passage of the wdely read hstoran,
bographer, and essayst Plutarch (46 A.D. – 119 A.D.) n hs Morala, n the chapter on Epcurus.
He wrtes referrng to Archmedes (I translate), "bathng, as they say, after the overflow of water
he perceved the measurement of the wreath as f he were sezed by a frenzy, and came out
shoutng several tmes eureka".
Such s the story of the most popular word used by nventors and creatve mnds.
Let us return to the Archmedean ncdent.
Our earlest source for the ncdent s n Latn some two centures after t occurred. It s recorded
by the Roman archtect and engneer Vtruvus (about 80 BC to 15 BC) n hs treatse De
Archtectura. Ths s a wonderful and nfluental book n ten chapters on all the knowledge an
archtect should have for ths work. The begnnng of every chapter has an nterestng
accumulaton of hstorcal facts and phlosophcal thoughts, wdely drawn from classcal Greek
art, hstory, and mythology, whch were hs prototypes. And there, n Book IX, he descrbes the
story we are dscussng. Here t s verbatm n translaton to Englsh from the Latn orgnal:
9. Though Archmedes dscovered many curous matters
whch evnce great ntellgence, that whch I am about to
menton s the most extraordnary. Hero, when he
obtaned the regal power n Syracuse, havng, on the
fortunate turn of hs affars, decreed a votve crown of
gold to be placed n a certan temple to the mmortal gods,
commanded t to be made of great value, and assgned an
approprate weght of gold to the manufacturer. He, n
due tme, presented the work to the kng, beautfully
wrought, and the weght appeared to correspond wth
that of the gold whch had been assgned for t.
10. But a report havng been crculated, that some of the
gold had been abstracted, and that the defcency thus
caused had been suppled wth slver, Hero was ndgnant
at the fraud, and, unacquanted wth the method by whch
the theft mght be detected, requested Archmedes would
undertake to gve t hs attenton. Charged wth ths
commsson, he by chance went to a bath, and beng n the
vessel, perceved that, as hs body became mmersed, the water ran out of the vessel.
Whence, catchng at the method to be adopted for the soluton of the proposton, he
mmedately followed t up, leapt out of the vessel n joy, and, returnng home naked,º cred
out wth a loud voce that he had found that of whch he was n search, for he contnued
exclamng, n Greek, εὑρηκα (I have found t out).
y
g
(
)
A
rchtectura. Ths s a wonderful and nfluental book n ten chap
te
te
e
te
e
te
t
t
rs
rs
r
rs
rs
rs
rs
o
o
o
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
all the knowledge a
n
rchtect should have for ths work. The begnnng of every chap
te
e
e
e
e
e
e
r
r
r
has an nterestn
ccumulaton of hstorcal facts and phlosophcal thoughts, wdel
y
y
y
drawn
fr
f
fr
fr
f
fr
f
fr
fr
om classcal Gree
k
rt, hstory, and mythology, whch were hs prototypes. And there,
n
n
n
n
n
Book I
X,
X
X,
X
X,
X,
X,
,
he descrbes th
t
ory we are dscussng. Here t s verbatm n translaton to Englsh
f
f
f
f
f
f
ro
r
r
r
r
m the
La
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
t
t
t
t
t
t
n orgnal:
. Though Archmedes dscovered many curous matters
w
hch evnce great ntellgence, that whch I am about to
m
enton s the most extraordnary. Hero, when he
btaned the regal power n Syracuse, havng, on the
o
rtunate turn of hs affars
,
decreed a
v
v
ot
o
ot
t
v
v
v
e
e
cr
c
c
r
r
ow
o
n o
f
old to be placed n a certan tem
pl
pl
pl
p
p
pl
p
p
e
e
e
e
e
t
t
to
the mmortal go
ds
d
,
ommanded t to be made of
g
r
re
r
r
at value,
an
n
n
n
n
d
d
d
d
d
d
as
as
as
s
s
s
gn
gn
gn
g
ed
ed
ed
a
a
a
n
n
n
pproprate weght of gold
t
t
t
t
o
o
o
o
the manu
fa
a
a
a
a
cturer. He, n
d
ue tme, presented the
wo
wo
wo
wo
rk to the k
n
n
n
ng
, beautfully
w
rought, and the weght appeared to
co
o
o
rrespond wth
h
at of the
go
ld whch h
ad
ad
ad
a
a
a
been as
s
s
s
gn
g
n
n
n
n
ed
e
ed
d
d
ed
e
ed
ed
d
f
o
o
o
or
o
t.
1
0.
.
.
.
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
ut
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
r
eport hav
n
ng
n
n
n
n
been c
rc
c
c
c
u
ul
u
u
u
at
ed
d
d
d
d
d
d
,
th
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
at
at
a
s
s
s
s
s
s
o
o
om
o
om
m
om
o
o
om
om
o
om
e
e
e
e
e
e
of
oo
of
of
o
o
o
of
f
t
t
he
o
o
o
o
l
ld
h
ad
a
d
d
d
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
een ab
st
t
t
t
r
r
ra
r
cted, and
th
at t
h
h
h
he
h
h
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
ef
ef
ef
ef
e
e
ef
f
f
f
f
e
f
f
c
c
e
e
nc
nc
c
c
nc
n
c
c
y
y
y
y
y
y
th
th
th
th
t
us
a
a
us
ed
d
d
d
d
d
h
h
h
ad b
ee
e
e
n
n
n
n
n
s
s
su
su
s
pp
led wt
h
h
h
h
slver,
H
H
H
H
H
H
er
o
o
o
o
o
w
w
w
w
w
wa
wa
w
w
w
w
s
s
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
d
d
d
d
d
d
g
g
gn
n
n
an
an
an
n
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
at
at
at
at
the fra
ud
, and, una
cq
ua
n
n
n
n
ted wth
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
he
h
h
h
m
et
e
et
et
t
t
t
e
t
t
t
t
t
ho
h
h
h
h
h
h
d
by
y
w
w
w
h
h
h
h
h
c
ch
h
h
h
h
e
e
e
e
e
theft mght be det
ec
c
ec
c
t
t
t
te
t
d, request
e
ed
e
e
e
A
rc
c
h
hh
h
h
m
m
m
m
me
me
m
m
m
m
m
e
des would
u
n
de
de
de
rt
r
r
r
r
ake to
g
g
g
g
g
v
v
v
v
v
e
e
e
e
t
hs attent
on
n
n
n
n
n
n
. Ch
ar
r
r
r
r
r
ge
ge
ge
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
th
th
t
t
t
t
h
s
s
s
s
s
s
ommsson, he b
y
chance went to
a
a
a
bath,
a
a
a
a
a
nd
n
nd
b
b
e
e
e
ng
ng
n
n
th
h
t
th
th
t
e
ee
e
e
v
essel, perceved that, as hs b
od
d
d
y beca
m
m
m
me
mmersed,
t
he
h
he
he
w
w
w
w
at
at
at
e
er
er
r
r
r
r
an
an
a
n
n
out o
f
f
f
f
the
v
v
v
e
e
e
ss
el.
W
hence, catchng at the method
t
t
t
t
t
t
o be a
d
d
do
d
d
o
o
o
d
pt
p
pt
p
p
ed
e
e
d
f
f
f
or
o
or
or
r
r
t
t
t
t
he
he
he
s
s
s
ol
ol
l
ol
ut
u
ut
u
u
u
t
t
o
o
n
n
n
of
o
of
f
tt
t
t
h
h
he
h
h
h
h
h
h
pro
po
po
po
o
st
o
o
n
n
n
n
, he
m
medately followed t up, leapt ou
t
t
t
t
of
of
o
f
f
f
of
of
f
t
t
t
t
he
e
e
he
he
he
e
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
es
es
s
s
e
es
es
es
es
es
s
se
e
e
sese
l
l
l
l
n
j
j
oy, an
d,
ret
ur
r
nn
n
n
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
n
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
h
h
h
h
h
h
o
o
om
o
o
o
o
o
e naked,º
c
c
c
r
c
ed
ut wth a loud voce that he had found
th
h
h
h
h
at
at
at
t
a
at
t
a
at
t
a
t
a
o
o
o
o
f
f
f
f
f
f
h
h
wh
wh
wh
c
c
c
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
he
he
he
w
w
w
a
as
as
as
n
n
n
s
se
se
se
se
a
ar
ar
ar
h
h
ch
h
ch
c
ch
h
,
fo
f
f
f
f
fo
o
fo
r
r
h
he
he
he
c
c
c
on
on
n
t
t
t
t
t
t
n
nu
n
ed
-7-
-8-
AI chatbots are already
better at hard maths
than you are
Greg Becker
becker.greg@gmail.com
Wth the pace of development, by 2025 humans
may already offer lttle competton n math
compettons.
Measurement of ntellgence n humans has
always been contentous and vgorously
debated. Artfcal ntellgence (AI) has led to a
resurgence of nterest n ths area, especally
snce AI engnes are now regarded as havng
passed the Turng Test.
The Turng Test holds that f a machne can
engage n a conversaton wth a human wthout
beng detected as a machne, t has
demonstrated human ntellgence.
AI engnes have also passed other dffcult tests
used to evaluate and accredt humans, such as
the US Medcal Lcensng Examnaton and the
US Unform Bar exam.
Large language models (LLMs) are evaluated
aganst dfferent queston banks contanng
thousands of questons coverng a wde range
of areas. Havng been traned on all wrtten text
Wth the pace of development of AI, we may
not offer much competton n maths
compettons or maths Olympads from as early
as 2025, the wrter says. Pcture: 123RF
South Afrca has competed n the IMO snce
1992, and ts teams have receved one gold
medal, 11 slver medals, 55 bronze medals, and
78 honourable mentons. The country placed
md-pack — 53 out of 107 natons — n 2024, a
vast mprovement from 1992 when no South
Afrcan got more than seven ponts and we
came 54th out of the 56 partcpatng natons.
We earned our frst honourable mentons n
1993, our frst bronze medals n 1994, and
Bruce Merry earned SA ts one and only gold
medal n 1997 and our frst slver medals n
1998, managng to get four medals n the 2004
event. We have mproved over tme, but so has
the competton.
As n the Summer Olympcs, partcpants from
Chna and the US have consstently topped the
table. The Chnese have won more than 60% of
the compettons they have entered, but n July
the Chnese team was bumped off the top spot
for the frst tme snce 2019 by the team from
the US. Photographs of the wnnng US team —
comprsng Wang, Wan, Tang, Pothapragada,
Zhang and Lefkowtz — generated many
memes.
In the future, the IMO wll not just be a
competton between countres but also
between manknd and machnes, though the top
compettors are lkely to reman Chnese and
Amercan for a whle yet.
The AI Mathematcal Olympad (AIMO) prze
was created n 2023 to spur nnovaton. The
sponsors, XTX, put up a prze pool of $10m, of
whch a grand prze of $5m wll be awarded to
the frst publcly shared AI model to score a
gold medal at the IMO (or smlar). In the frst
year, the AIMO was run Team Numna topped
the leaderboard, correctly answerng 29 out of
50 IMO-type questons.
Wth a lttle help and “non-exam-lke
condtons”, Google Deepmnd’s AlphaProof
and AlphaGeometry correctly solved four of
the sx IMO 2024 questons, scorng 29 out of
42, whch was better than SA’s top IMO
compettor of 2024 (Ben Maree), who scored
22, mpressvely answerng three of the sx
IMO problems correctly and earnng a
prestgous slver medal.
Maths olympad problems are exceptonally
hard, takng hours to answer and requrng
years of preparaton and tranng. Very few
humans would earn a non-zero score. On the
other hand, maths competton questons could
be descrbed as reasonng problems or logc
puzzles, though many stll rely on
mathematcal technques and concepts to get
the rght answer.
These multple-choce problems are quck to
answer, but they don’t come wth reference to
the subject matter beng employed. As wth
problems n everyday lfe, knowng what
knowledge and reasonng sklls to employ s at
least as mportant as beng profcent n ther
applcaton.
The UCT Mathematcs Competton s the
oldest and most prestgous mathematcs
competton n SA and s used to dentfy the
grade 8 mathematcans selected to represent
ther schools. It would have only just beaten
Anthropc’s Claude. Google’s free verson of
Gemn dd not perform as well, but t s only a
matter of tme before the DeepMnd models
underlyng AlphaProof and AlphaGeometry
fnd ther way onto our devces through a
software update to Gemn.
• View 6 questions in the grade 8 paper from
the 2024 UCT maths competition and how the
chatbots fared here
Humans are already no match for chess
computers, and wth the pace of development,
we may not offer much competton n maths
compettons or maths Olympads from as early
as 2025. In the case of the UCT Mathematcs
Competton 2024 paper, generatve AI models
are already performng at a level only the top
1% of maths competton entrants can acheve,
and snce they are the cream of the crop ths
probably already compares to one-n-1,000
hgh school students.
Each year these studous models wll have done
more past problems and learnt from ther
mstakes, so they’ll perform even better.
-9-
camp Adam Makowsk. He talked about the
program and all the partcpants and countres
were presented and gven hats wth Kangaroo
logos.
Trp to Nosal mountan
-10-
Math Kangaroo
Zakopane Camp
Agnieszka Krause
akrause@mat.umk.pl
Math Kangaroo Poland Camp took place n
Zakopane from July 30 to August 8, 2024.
Around 70 students who won the Kangaroo
Math Competton partcpated n ths camp.
The partcpants came from eght dfferent
countres, ncludng Germany, Chna, France,
Lthuana, Ukrane, Turkey, USA and Poland.
The openng ceremony was held on Tuesday
and the welcomng speech was gven by prof.
Meczysław K. Mentzen and drector of the
To get back from the hll, the students took a
rde on the Butorowy Werch charlft. The
Butorowy Werch charlft provdes a scenc
rde to the summt of Butorowy Werch Peak. It
offers stunnng vews of the Tatra Mountans
and serves as a popular startng pont for hkng
and skng adventures.
In the afternoon we contnued the math
workshops.
-11-
The camp started wth a hke to Nosal
Mountan. It s known for ts amazng vews
and the students could admre them from the
top as well as take pctures of the Tatra
Mountans. Afterward, the partcpants were
sorted nto age categores and took part n
mathematcal workshops on subjects such as
nterestng geometrcal theorems, probablty,
or prme numbers.
Trp to Gubałówka Hll
On the thrd day, the students took a short hke
to the Gubałówka Hll. It s located on the edge
of Zakopane cty and t s famous for ts
shoppng area and the gravty slde. The slde
was very exctng and students had a lot of fun
whle rdng t.
Hertage ste, t hghlghts the hstory of salt
mnng and Poland's cultural hertage,
attractng mllons of vstors annually.
The students had an opportunty to lsten to the
stores about Welczka from experenced tour
gudes and they also went to a museum wth
exhbts connected to the mne.
Rest day
On Saturday, students went to thermal aquapark
n Zakopane to rest after an eventful start of the
camp. Ths aquapark offers a relaxng
experence wth natural thermal pools and
water attractons. Addtonally, t s surrounded
by stunnng mountan vews.
-12-
Sports compettons
Durng the camp, there were two sports
tournaments avalable for students – a chess
tournament and a table tenns competton. A
lot of students partcpated n both of them and
the partcpants had an opportunty to challenge
themselves as well as have a lot of fun.
Excurson to Welczka
The fourth day of our camp was a full-day trp
to the Salt Mne Welczka. The Welczka Salt
Mne, near Kraków, Poland, s one of the oldest
n the world, datng back to the 13th century. It
features extensve underground tunnels wth
mpressve chambers, chapels, and sculptures
carved entrely from salt. A UNESCO World
Trp to Murowanec
The last hkng trp was to the Murowanec
Shelter. The students were greeted by ran, but
despte that, they were happy to contnue the
hke.
In the afternoon the ndvdual math
competton took place. Each student was gven
3 tasks to solve n two hours.
-13-
In the afternoon we contnued the math
workshops.
Funny Mathematcs
On Sunday, students partcpated n the Funny
Mathematcs event. They were gven logcal
puzzles, games, and problems to solve as well
as other mathematcal toys.
They also vsted the Jagellonan Unversty,
one of the oldest unverstes n Europe, and
admred the stunnng archtecture of St. Mary's
Baslca n the Man Market Square. The trp
offered a rch cultural and hstorcal experence
n one of Poland's most sgnfcant ctes.
In the evenng, there was a young talent
competton, where each country presented a
song or a performance. We heard a lot of great
tunes and some amazng spectacles such as
magc trcks or dancng.
-14-
Excurson to Kraków Cty
The last full-day trp was vstng Kraków Cty.
An excurson to Kraków ncluded vsts to
several of the cty's most conc landmarks. The
group explored Wawel Castle, where they saw
the famous Sgsmund Bell
and learned about the legend of the Wawel
Dragon.
The camp drector summed up the camp and
gave an nsprng speech for students to keep
learnng math and contnue on ther journey.
-15-
The closng ceremony
On the last day of the camp, the problems from
the mathematcal competton were explaned
and presented. There was also a lecture gven
by Dr Mateusz Topolewsk on the subject of
random numbers.
In the evenng, the closng ceremony took
place, where all of the przes were gven for
sports tournaments and mathematcal
compettons.
-16-
Math Kangaroo Asia Camp:
A Feast for Young
Math Enthusiasts
YichanYuan
yichan.yuan@seedasdan.org
From July 19 to 22, 2024, the Kangaroo Math
Asa Camp was successfully held n Bo'ao,
Hanan, Chna. Nearly 1,000 award-wnnng
Kangaroo Math contestants partcpated n ths
grand event. The frst sesson of Kangaroo Asa
Camp extended nvtatons to partcpants who
acheved a gold award or hgher n the 2024
Kangaroo Math competton n the Ecoler,
Benjamn, and Cadet categores.
Representatves from Chna, Thaland, Sweden,
Swtzerland, and Ghana partcpated n ths
mathematcal celebraton. At the openng
ceremony, Dr. Meke Akveld, delvered the
openng address. She ntroduced the hstory,
msson, and some nterestng statstcs of Math
Kangaroo to all partcpants.
Asia Camp: The Inspiration behind the
Concept
The nspraton behnd the Kangaroo Asa
Camp s rooted n the Kangaroo annual meetng
n Orhrd, when Chna Kangaroo organzer
learnt so many countres, especally European
kangaroo countres had organzed camps that
exemplfed the mportance of nurturng
mathematcal talent through both competton
and collaboraton. The dea of an Asa camp
was proposed durng the annual meetng and
mmedately got support from the board and
many member countres as well. Kangaroo Asa
camp ams to brng together the brghtest mnds
from varous countres, fosterng a sprt of
nternatonal collaboraton and frendshp. By
blendng rgorous academc challenges wth
fun and engagng actvtes, the Asa Camp
seeks to gnte a passon for mathematcs n a
vbrant and supportve envronment. The
tropcal sland settng adds an element of
exctement and adventure, makng the camp an
unforgettable experence for all partcpants.
Competition: Exciting Individual Challenges
and Intense Team Showdowns
Kangaroo Asa Camp prepared multple rounds
of ndvdual and team-based compettons. The
team compettons nclude the Team Round,
where a group of partcpants dscusses and
-17-
answer questons together; the Puzzle Round, n whch teams work together to solve
cross-number math puzzles; and the Guts Round, where partcpants need to submt multple
sets of problems wthn a short tme frame, wth a real-tme team scoreboard dsplayed. These
team events are not only exctng and compettve but also foster collaboraton and
communcaton among partcpants. Gven that we have observed how engaged and enthusastc
the students are about team compettons, we plan to contnue organzng the Kangaroo Team
Competton by assemblng more dffcult questons from the questons pool, for groups of four,
specfcally for the students who have won n the ndvdual compettons. We also welcome the
teachers from each member country to jon us n contrbutng exctng problems for ths team
competton.
-18-
Team Creative Fashion Show and Math Bazaar: Infinite Creativity in Mathematics!
In addton to team compettons, teams are also requred to collaborate on creatve challenges,
such as a team fashon show themed "Kangaroo and Geometry" and a Math Inspraton Bazaar.
At the Math Bazaar, teams needed to jontly create a math-themed booth, and a math talk
centered on "Mathematcs n Our Real Lfe." Ths encouraged students to connect mathematcs
wth everyday lfe and to creatvely present mathematcal concepts.
Math Workshops: A Unique Math Learning Experience
A key component of Kangaroo Asa Camp s the Math Workshops, featurng experenced math
teachers as lead nstructors. The workshops cover a range of ntrgung topcs, ncludng math
board games, orgam, knot theory, probablty n daly lfe, creatve compass-and-straghtedge
constructons, and so on. These nteractve sessons are desgned to encourage students to
actvely explore the world of mathematcs n a hands-on and engagng way.
-19-
Math Games and Social Activities: A Rich Variety of Entertainment
Amdst the ntense compettons, students can enjoy a varety of entertanng actvtes to gve
ther brans a break. These nclude Math Games Carnval, Tropcal Dance Party, and the
sumptuous BBQ feast, all contrbutng to a joyful and lvely atmosphere throughout the camp.
-20-
See You Next Year: Looking Forward to Our Reunion!
After the successful awardng ceremony as concluson of the Math Kangaroo Asa Camp, we
receved a lot of postve feedback from partcpants. Ths event marked the frst tme the
Kangaroo Math Asa countres hosted such a large-scale camp, nvolvng extensve preparatons
and supported by the global board commttee and other Kangaroo member countres. We extend
our specal thanks to all the member countres that sent representatves and to Brazl, Germany,
Thaland, Ghana, and others for ther congratulatory vdeos. We am to contnue fosterng a
platform where students can enhance ther mathematcal sklls whle formng lastng
nternatonal frendshps. We beleve wth the jont efforts of member countres, we wll be able
to make Math Kangaroo Asa Camp even better. We look forward to nvtng more member
countres and partcpants to next year's Asa Camp for the mathematcs celebraton together wth
us!
You can click the following link to watch a recap video of Math Kangaroo Asia Camp!
https://www.facebook.com/share/v/L3PY315PZbPYpNCA/
the quckest group s not automatcally also the
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-21-
DATCH 2024 in Vienna
Renate Gotlieb
renate.gottlieb@inode.at
3 countres, 5 days, 6 adults, 12 grls, 12
boys, and one passon: Math.
2011 Austra, Germany, and Swtzerland
started the so-called “DATCH” meetngs,
whereby D stands for Germany (Deutschland),
AT for Austra, and CH for Confoederato
Helveta. The man dea behnd these meetngs
was to honor the best partcpants of the
category Cadet of each country.
Also we thought to recrut some talented young
mathematcans for Math Olympc courses.
Ths year’s meetng took place n Venna
begnnng on the 19th of June and endng on the
23rd of June. Although dfferent math actvtes
are an mportant part of the meetng, there s
also enough tme to get to know the country and
have fun actvtes.
Lke every year our students had to go through
a speed competton, based on 30 problems of
the category Cadet, an ndvdual competton,
and a group competton. For the speed
competton, the partcpants formed small
groups of four. All groups were supervsed by
an adult. The task of the speed competton s to
solve the 30 gven problems one by one and as
quckly as possble. All groups start wth the
same problem at the same tme, and after
havng solved the frst problem, they go to the
second one. If an ncorrect soluton, they get
the chance for a second try. There s a lmt of
fve chances for a second try. For every not
solved problem of the group fnshng frst the
other groups get 2,5 mnutes. That means that
-22-
No matter where or when these meetngs take place, they are always a great success, therefore
we are lookng forward to next year n Swtzerland.
We would lke to thank MmF (“Mathematk macht Freunde”, Professor Mchael Echmar), a
project of the Unversty of Venna, Math department, and the OeNB (Austran Natonal Bank)
for the fnancal support.
-23-
We have been organzng summer camps as awards for successful students who have won the
compettons of the Kangaroo Mathematcs Assocaton, of whch we have been a member snce
2014. Our Istanbul Kangaroo Mathematcs Summer Camp s organzed for 8 days n Polonezköy,
a cute neghborhood of Istanbul. Our camp, whch s open to the partcpaton of mddle school
and hgh school students, s held at the Adampol Hotel, whch s also located n ths
neghborhood and has been run by a Polsh famly for 3 generatons. We want to open our
summer camp, whch s attended by students from Azerbajan, Iran, Poland and Turkey, to
students from more countres wth the renovaton of the hotel.
In our camp, there are math lessons from academcs almost every day, math questons and
solutons of the day, math games n the garden, varous mathematcal puzzles and treasure hunts.
We also organze daly Island tours and Istanbul trps. We expect Kangaroos from all over the
world to our camp at the begnnng of July!
To partcpate, just contact us at letsm@kanguru-tr.com.
Kangaroo Math Summer Camps:
A Global Sanctuary for Young
Mathematicians
Özgür Özdemir
ozguregitim@gmail.com
-24-
-25-
Important announcements:
New group about problem sharng and usng after the
competton
Jon a new Kangaroo group led by Ulrka Dahlberg from Sweden,
focused on usng Math Kangaroo problems n the classroom after
the competton. The group wll explore resources to help teachers
extend students' learnng. Ulrka wll share how Sweden publshes
results and provdes classroom materals. To partcpate, complete
this form or contact Ulrka at ulrca.dahlberg@ncm.gu.se.
The Treasurer's Assstant needed
Our treasurer needs some help wth basc record-keepng,
requrng 20-30 hours per year. Tasks nclude creatng nvoces
and recepts and contactng members about payments or fnance
ssues. Desred sklls: patence, a frendly atttude, MS Word, and
wrtten Englsh. No fnancal degree or accountng knowledge s
needed. Ths poston does not nvolve access to AKSF accounts.
Fll out the FORM f nterested.
The socal meda person n charge needed
Dd you know we have a Facebook page? Please vst our page, lke
t, and follow t!
https://www.facebook.com/aksf.org
Would you lke to help make our page more creatve and actve? If
you're often on socal meda, your nput would be valuable. Tasks
nclude postng updates, respondng to comments, creatng
content, and stayng on top of trends. Contact Joanna f you're
nterested n supportng our organzatonal vsblty.
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-26-
1.10.2024 / 17.11.2024
Select Problems
23.10.2024 / 27.10.2024
Problems preparation during
Annual Meeting.
Thursday, March 20, 2025
Important dates for the season 2024/2025
Study problems
Participants can study
problems and group chairs
can preselect problems.
Download
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Proposed problems are
available for download.
1.10.2024 / 19.04.2025
30.10.2024 / 19.04.2025
Download Selected
Problems
Selected problems are
available for download.
Problems are being finalized
(Language and style
improvements, corrections..)
Finalize Problems
28.10.2024 / 15.11.2024 18.11.2024 / 19.04.2025
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the figures) are available for
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