Overview
The AI boom is well underway, but it is a
field that has been evolving for decades.
Beginning with early software
programming in the 1960’s through to
leading edge natural language
programming today.
This ever-expanding field is creating many
types of software, systems and tools that we
must remain aware of to understand their
potential role and impact. You may be glad
to hear we don’t intend to cover them all
here… it’s not that kind of book!.
However, it is helpful to have a quick
reference guide to the different types with
short explanation and example use case
(see opposite page).
Types/Term Overview Example use
Artificial Intelligence Branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines capable of performing
tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
Dynamic pricing
Machine Learning A subset of AI that involves the development of algorithms which allow computers to learn
and make predictions or decisions based on data, without being explicitly programmed
for the task.
New recipe
optimisation
Deep Learning A subset of machine learning that employs neural networks to progressively extract
higher-level features including the modelling of complex patterns or predictions.
Secure facial
recognition
Neural networks Computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks of animal brains, which are
designed to recognize patterns and interpret sensory data through a kind of machine
perception, labelling, or raw input categorization.
Supply chain
forecasting
Natural Language
Processing
A field at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics,
focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and produce human language in
a valuable way.
NLP-Driven chatbots
Reinforcement learning A type of Machine Learning where an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in
an environment to maximize some notion of cumulative reward.
Real time rewards
Computer vision A field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive meaningful
information from digital images, videos, and other visual inputs, and take actions or make
recommendations based on that information.
Smart checkouts
General Adversarial
Network
A class of machine learning frameworks designed by Ian Goodfellow and his colleagues in
2014, consisting of two neural networks contesting with each other in a game (hence
"adversarial") to generate new, synthetic instances of data that can pass for real data.
Hyper realistic brand
worlds
Edge AI The deployment of artificial intelligence algorithms directly on a hardware device,
processing data locally without requiring cloud connectivity, enabling real-time insights
and actions with low latency
Mobile apps
Transfer learning A machine learning method where a model developed for a specific task is reused as the
starting point for a model on a second task, allowing for more efficient learning by
leveraging the knowledge gained from the related task.
Accelerated drug
discovery
Synthetic data Artificially generated data that is not obtained by direct measurement, designed to be
used for training machine learning models or testing systems when real data is limited,
expensive, or sensitive.
Fraud Detection
AI hardware Specialized physical devices designed to significantly accelerate the performance of
artificial intelligence algorithms, particularly in areas like training machine learning
models or processing large-scale AI workloads.
Real time language
translation