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Code of Ethical and Professional
Conduct
Guidelines for Interpretation
Approved: July 2025
Next Revision date: March 2030
2
Revision Tracker
Date
Revision
June 2025 Professional Governance Act (PGA) language updates, copy
editing, and formatting.
Garnet Mierau, RPF – Director of Practice
March 2021 Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct:
Guide for Interpretation
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Standards .................................................................................................................................. 10
Standard 1 – Competence ........................................................................................................... 10
Standard 1, Object A - Training and Ability ............................................................................... 11
Standard 1, Object B – Maintain Competence .........................................................................12
Standard 1, Object C – Qualifications and Experience .............................................................12
Standard 2 – Independence ........................................................................................................ 14
Standard 2, Object A – Uphold Public Interest and Professional Principles ........................... 15
Standard 2, Object B – Facts, Assumptions and Opinions ....................................................... 17
Standard 2, Object C – Identify Contributors to Professional Work ....................................... 18
Standard 2, Object D – Maintaining Confidentiality ............................................................... 18
Standard 2, Object E – Disregard or Overrule of Professional Decisions ................................ 19
Standard 3 – Conflict of Interest ..................................................................................................21
Standard 3, Object A – Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest ...................................................... 22
Standard 3, Object B – Resolve or Mitigate Conflicts of Interest ............................................ 22
Standard 3, Object C – Take Measures to Not Bias Decisions ................................................. 23
Standard 4 – Due Diligence ......................................................................................................... 25
Standard 4, Object A – Work is Complete, Correct, and Clear ................................................ 26
Standard 4, Object B – Work is Measurable or Verifiable ....................................................... 26
Standard 4, Object C – Regard for Laws .................................................................................. 27
Standard 4, Object D – Regard for Policies of Government or FPBC ...................................... 28
Standard 4, Object E – Due Diligence in Work and Documentation ....................................... 29
Standard 5 – Integrity ................................................................................................................... 31
Standard 5, Object A – Inspire Confidence in the Profession ................................................. 32
Standard 5, Object B – Undignified Public Communication ................................................... 32
Standard 5, Object C – Not Misrepresent Facts ...................................................................... 33
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Standard 6 — Forest Stewardship ............................................................................................... 35
Standard 6, Object A – Understand Objectives for Land and Resource Use .......................... 36
Standard 6, Object B – Uphold Forest Stewardship ............................................................... 37
Standard 6, Object C – Resolve Concerns about Forest Stewardship Practice ...................... 38
Standard 7 — Safety ..................................................................................................................... 39
Standard 7, Object A – Safe Work Practices ............................................................................ 39
Standard 7, Object B – Hold Paramount Safety, Health, and Welfare ................................... 40
Standard 8 — Professionalism ..................................................................................................... 41
Standard 8, Object A – Truthful and Accurate Statements..................................................... 42
Standard 8, Object B – Refrain From Criticizing Work of Other Registrants .......................... 42
Standard 8, Object C – Advance Knowledge of the Profession .............................................. 43
Standard 8, Object D – Conscientious in Providing Professional Services ............................. 43
Standard 8, Object E – Resolve Concerns about Conduct ...................................................... 44
Standard 8, Object F – Demonstrate Respect for FPBC Regulatory Processes ...................... 45
Standard 8, Object G – Refrain from Threatening, Intimidating, or Harassing complainants,
witnesses, or any individual representing FPBC. ..................................................................... 45
Standard 8, Object H – Comply with Orders or Undertakings Made by FPBC ....................... 46
Standard 9 – Reporting ............................................................................................................... 48
Standard 9, Object A – Report Harmful Practice to FPBC ....................................................... 48
Standard 9, Object B – Report Harmful Practice to Another Regulatory Body ...................... 48
Standard 9, Object C – Report Misconduct of a Registrant to FPBC ..................................... 50
4. Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 51
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1. Introduction
Background
The Professional Governance Act (PGA) was brought into force February 5, 2021 and replaced
the Foresters Act as the governing legislation for the forestry profession in BC. The PGA requires
professional regulatory bodies to set standards of professional and ethical conduct and
competence under Section 57 and standards of practice under Section 22(2)(f) that apply to
registered professionals.
To meet this requirement, Forest Professionals BC developed standards under FPBC Bylaw 9 that
apply to every registrant providing professional service in a forests, forest lands, and forest
resources.
Schedule A of Bylaw 9 (December 2024) sets out the Forest Professionals BC Code of Ethical and
Professional Conduct (the Code) that establishes nine standards to which all categories and
subcategories of registrants, both practising and non-practising registrants are accountable and
must adhere. The Code replaces the former Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional
Practice.1
Purpose and Application of the Guidance Document
The Code is intended to govern decisions and behaviors of registrants2 in the regulated practice
of professional forestry and in daily conduct.3 The Guidelines for Interpretation (this document)
guide forest professionals in applying the Code by providing interpretation and examples that
are consistent with the expectations of Forest Professionals BC as a regulatory body and with the
PGA.
The Code contains standards and objects. In Section 2 of this document, guidance is provided for
each standard in general, and more specifically for each object that forms a part of the standard.
To gain full understanding of a standard, readers are expected to review both parts and the
interpretative guideline.
Additional materials that support and supplement understanding and application of the Code
may be identified under various sections of this document and/or included as appendices to this
document.
Forest Professionals BC guidelines are periodically developed to provide professional guidance
to registrants about important issues or aspects of practice. Within each Forest Professionals BC
1 Schedule B of Bylaw 9 lists specific practice guidelines that establish standards of practice and
competence in particular areas or aspects of professional service in the forest resource activity.
2 This edition of the guidelines is designed and intended to apply only to individual registrants. Guidance
will be reassessed in the event that Section 3 of the PGA (registration of firms) is brought into force
through regulation and enabled under an FPBC bylaw.
3 While most standards are most applicable in the context of performing professional forestry, they also
apply to conduct of the professional at all times.
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guideline, there may be identified standards of practice and standards of competence. Deviation
from a particular standard in a guideline must be identified and documented with a written
rationale outlining the reason for the departure.4
This document does not address aspects of technical forest practice or specific practice
standards or competence standards identified in the Schedule B guidelines.
General Structure of the Code
There are nine ethical and professional standards in the Code. The standards are classes of duties
and behaviors that collectively establish an expectation of forest professionals. Generally
speaking, the first four Code standards are about the way professional service is delivered, and
the next four standards are about the values that are protected. The last Code standard is a
capstone responsibility, providing for reporting.
Standards
Bylaw 9-1 states:
1. Registrants must conduct themselves in accordance with the Code of Ethical and
Professional Conduct set out in Schedule A to this Bylaw 9, including:
a. the standards of competence established in Standard 1 of the Code of Ethical and
Professional Conduct, and;
b. the standards of ethical and professional conduct established in Standards 2 to 9 of
the Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct.
2. The Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct does not deny the existence of other
important ethical and professional standards that are not specifically included, the
violation of which may be deemed under the Act to constitute professional misconduct,
conduct unbecoming a registrant, or the incompetent performance of duties undertaken
while engaged in the practice of professional forestry.
A complete Code Standard includes the title, the description and objects within the Code, and
can be procedural or performance-based. The complete standard is the described measure of
forest professional service that:
i. contains the identified behavior;
ii. establishes the kind of predictable action; and
iii. applies to any contextual aspect of the practice or conduct.
Objects
Objects are provided to establish important benchmarks of performance within a particular
standard. Failure to meet an object, or a similar or related behavior to the object, may be a
4 Bylaw 9-2
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demonstration of not meeting the standard. Objects, however, do not limit the reach and extent
of the standard, nor do they prevent the existence of other behaviors within the standard. For
example, a professional can be found to have inadequately met Standard 4, Due Diligence,
without being offside any of the objects that lie under the Due Diligence Standard.
In some cases, the object is rule-like and has an explicit action and outcome, such as “clearly
identify each registrant who has contributed professional work”.5 In this example, there is a clear
distinction between the inclusion and omission of a specific professional.
The object can also be a general and prevailing quality: “obtain a clear understanding of
objectives for land and resource use”.6 In this example, the object is only observable in the
resulting professional work.
And in other cases, objects are aspirational expectations: “inspire confidence in the profession by
maintaining high standards in daily conduct and work”.7 In this example, the object is apparent in
professional behavior.
The use of a particular object is necessary depending upon the desired outcome within the
standard. Where there is little room for error and latitude, the object is a precise statement
requiring a specific outcome. When the outcome is dependent upon a condition or
circumstance, then there is greater discretion to achieve the object.
Why Have Standards in the Code and Guidelines?
Adhering to a set of professional standards8 is what differentiates a registered professional from
a member of the general public.
The PGA grants exclusive privileges of a regulated practice and title to registrants. In granting
this privilege, the legislature recognizes the need for the public, government, employers, and
clients to rely on the application of professional judgment and discretion, as well as the
professional accountability that comes along with such application. Along with this privilege
comes the responsibility to ensure that the practice of professional forestry is undertaken in a
manner that protects the public interest, i.e., the safety, health, and welfare of the public and the
environment.
Transparent publishing of standards for reference by registrants and the public helps to increase
confidence and respect for the profession and should also serve to strengthen the forest
professional’s ability to exercise independent judgment.
Standards benefit the public by establishing a known level and expectation of professional
service. Standards benefit registrants by providing performance benchmarks with which to
undertake professional practice, and against which professionals will be measured if their
5 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(a)
6 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 6(a)
7 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 5(a)
8 Professional standards include academic standards, ethical standards, competence standards, practice
standards.
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practice or conduct is called into question. In addition, standards provide a self-assessment tool
to identify areas where professional development may be beneficial.
Professional Governance Act (PGA) Standards
Many of the standards and principles in the PGA align closely with those previously included in
the code of ethics and standards of professional practice under former ABCFP Bylaws 11 and 12
(2015 - under the Foresters Act).
These have been carried over into the new Code. In some cases, previous standards and
principles were dropped or adjusted to recognize expanded legislative requirements under the
PGA (i.e., duty to report) and fundamental shifts in the mandate of Forest Professionals BC
under the PGA.
2. Definitions
The Professional Governance Act (PGA) presents an opportunity to bring some consistency to
terminology.
• Advisories: a brief that highlights and repeats a specific detail already available in
guidelines. A practice advisory is commonly issued when a third party (e.g. Forest
Practices Board) reports on issues or concerns related to professional practice. Forest
Professionals BC deems it necessary to raise professional practice detail to the forefront
for its registrants.
• Agreement holder: refers to the holder of an agreement under the Forest Act.
• Bulletin: a brief that provides new knowledge or information important to professional
practice. A practice bulletin is commonly issued when new information comes available,
and Forest Professionals BC needs to provide the professional practice direction quickly.
• Duty: an obligation or responsibility placed on the individual professional or regulatory
body. The duty is generally expressed as a legal, moral, or ethical obligation.
• Duty of care: a legal obligation of a person or organization to avoid acts or omissions
that could likely cause harm to others.
• Guidance: a description that guides a registrant within a practice area or the conduct
within a professional activity; advice and other information provided by Forest
Professionals BC to guide the professional practice and conduct of registrants.
• Guideline: a statement, plan, or principle that provides direction for actions or
behaviours of Forest Professionals BC registrants; specific advice, direction, and
requirements establishing an expectation of professional practice by Forest Professionals
BC registrants. Guidelines are developed using the knowledge and expertise of
professionals. Guidelines are referenced in Bylaw 9 as containing identified standards of
practice and standards of competence.
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• Non-statutory expectations (NSE): an expectation, condition, or circumstance held by
others that a forest professional can achieve an outcome when no legislation or authority
exists for the professional to ensure the outcome occurs.
• Practice: engaging in any activity defined as the regulated practice of professional
forestry in accordance with regulations established under the PGA.
• Professional-opinion9: a learned opinion distinguished by the source of the
information, founded on a specific knowledge, and supported by evidence and
experience. A professional opinion follows a predictable pattern of development and
explanation.
• Rationale: a description of the underlying foundation for an action taken or decision
made.
• Standard: a clearly stated rule(s) constituting the measure of performance required of a
Forest Professionals BC registrant.
9 In this document, “professional-opinion“ (i.e., one that conforms to the standards of the profession) is
hyphenated to distinguish from a personal opinion made by a professional.
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3. Standards
Standard 1 – Competence
Registrants maintain sufficient knowledge, skill, and ability in order to address the matter
in question, and must:
a. practise only in those fields where training and ability make the registrant
professionally competent;10
b. maintain competence in relevant specializations, including advances in the practice
of professional forestry and relevant science;11and
c. provide accurate information detailing their qualifications and experience.12
Guidelines for Interpretation
The Standard of Competence ensures that practitioners have sufficient knowledge and skills,
and the ability to apply them effectively to meet professional responsibilities to best ensure the
safety, health, and welfare of the public and protection of the environment.
Professionals in society are recognized as having the core knowledge that is the foundation of
the profession’s practice. Foundational knowledge is typically obtained at university or college in
preparation for professional practice. However, knowledge is not enough. A professional
develops the skills and abilities to apply the knowledge in solving real world problems. Together,
this knowledge, combined with skill and ability, distinguishes professional competence.
Forest professionals must only express a professional opinion when it is founded on adequate
knowledge, skill, and ability.
A competent registrant is able to answer ’yes’ to two questions:
• do I have the knowledge/skill/ability necessary to complete the matter in question?
• does this level of knowledge/skill/ability meet the expectations of my peers and the
requirements of the profession?
A forest professional should not accept an assignment without confidently feeling either
competent to handle it, or able to become competent without undue delay, risk, or expense to
the public resource or employer.
If a registrant’s answer is ’No’ to the questions above, their options are:
• decline the assignment;
• acquire the knowledge/skill/ability (i.e., through research, from a mentor or by
participating in the appropriate professional development ); or
10 PGA, s. 57(2)(b)
11 PGA, s. 57(2)(e); Refer to forest resource activity practice guidance listed in Schedule B of Bylaw 9, which
contains specific standards of competence.
12 PGA, s. 57(2)(f)
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• consult a specialist.
The following list describes the kinds of activities registrants can undertake to maintain their
competence to meet the standard or object:
• participate in continuing education activities;
• keep current on readings in academic, professional, and trade publications;
• participate in discussion groups, technical committees, and professional committees;
• develop a circle of mentors, colleagues, and peers with whom to engage in regular
communication to share knowledge and expertise with others; and
• participate in a project or collaborate as a support professional to the extent of
competence and seek understanding and advice from the lead professionals.
This standard does not restrict registrants from developing competence in new subject matter
areas. Registrants may enter new areas after making certain they have the required resources
(knowledge, expertise, or appropriate supervision) to complete the work in a professional
manner. In these situations, the clients/employers must be informed prior to the registrants
undertaking the work.
Standard 1, Object A - Training and Ability
“Registrants … must practise only in those fields where training and ability make the
registrant professionally competent.”13
Guidelines for Interpretation
Forest professionals are expected to be knowledgeable in the practice of professional forestry.
The public, client, and employer are entitled to assume that the forest professional has the
ability and capacity to deal adequately with any matters undertaken on their behalf.
Registrants should only express a professional opinion when it is founded on adequate
knowledge and experience.
Forestry practice is multi-disciplinary and rooted in the natural and physical sciences but also
draws on humanities and philosophy. Formal professional forestry education recognizes these
aspects of practice as part of the academic standards of education for entrance to the forest
profession, during the enrolment phase of registration as a professional, and within ongoing
professional development offerings for practising forest professionals throughout their career.
13 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 1(a)
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Standard 1, Object B – Maintain Competence
“Registrants … must maintain competence in relevant specializations, including advances
in the practice of professional forestry and relevant science.”14
Guidelines for Interpretation
The art and science of forestry is constantly growing and evolving; public expectations for good
stewardship of forest land and forest professionals are dynamic and complex. Practitioners must
continually reassess and upgrade their knowledge to ensure continuing competence. This
translates into a commitment to lifelong learning that characterizes most professions.
Competent professionals continuously evaluate whether they are practising within the limits of
their training and experience. To do this, the forest professional continues to support their
foundational knowledge in forestry throughout their career and continues to pursue what it
means to be a professional in society (e.g. duty of care and other public interest obligations).
Additionally, they are able to demonstrate or define how they have established and maintained
their professional competence in general, as well as to their specific area of practice, as
evaluated against their peers.
Continuing education is a requirement of professional registration. Forest professionals must
make well-informed decisions, relying on current science and relevant information. This is
particularly important in a resource profession where the knowledge and information base is
rapidly expanding and the public is informed and engaged.
Standard 1, Object C – Qualifications and Experience
“Registrants … must provide accurate information detailing their qualifications and
experience.”15
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants have an obligation not to exaggerate or inaccurately portray their qualifications and
experience. Information regarding a professional’s expertise should be presented as a statement
of competence (versus an advertisement of service).
Clients or employers seek a particular expertise or experience in a professional. However, not
every user of a professional service is a knowledgeable client or employer. They rely on the
description and qualities of competence. In many cases, the professional is asked outright if the
kind of professional service necessary is suitable for the objective and whether the particular
professional has the necessary qualifications and experience to undertake the work.
Forest Professionals BC assists registrants in some areas of high public risk by establishing
standards of competence necessary for professional work, such as those found in the guidelines
noted in Schedule B of Bylaw 9.
14 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 1(b)
15 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 1(c)
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Developing Competence in New Areas
Registrants are encouraged to grow and develop their practices and areas of expertise by taking
on projects or work in new areas so long as they do so without exposing the client or employer to
additional risk or expense. While they are gaining expertise, they can, for example:
• discuss with the client/employer that this is a new area of work and that it will take
longer to do the job while they conduct research or consult experts;
• hire, at their own expense (or with fully informed consent and agreement of the client,
at the client’s expense), experts to assist with the project and through which the
professional can learn the new skill sets required.
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Standard 2 – Independence
Registrants exhibit objectivity and are professionally independent in fact and appearance,
and must:
a. uphold the public interest and professional principles above the demands of
employment or personal gain;
b. distinguish between facts, assumptions and opinions when providing professional
opinions;16
c. clearly identify each registrant who has contributed professional work, including
recommendations, reports, statements or opinions;17
d. not disclose confidential information without consent, except as required by law;
e. present clearly to employers and clients the possible consequences if professional
decisions or judgments are overruled or disregarded.18
Guidelines for Interpretation
Professional independence is the application of professional judgement that is:
i. objective;
ii. unfettered;
iii. impartial; and
iv. intellectually honest.
The above characteristics result from the duty of care that arises from the social contract that is
created with the public when exclusive practice and title privileges are granted.
The standard of independence recognizes that there may be differences between the public
interest and the interests of parties who manage and use forest resources, including clients and
employers. The PGA and the Code require registrants to exercise independence in such
circumstances in order to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public and
protection of the environment.
Being professionally independent does not give a registrant the right to ignore or disregard laws,
standards, resource objectives, or policies with which they may disagree. Nor should a registrant
disregard the rights, obligations, standards, and objectives of their client or employer. However,
because it is a corresponding duty of the registrant to uphold forest stewardship under Standard
6(b), a registrant has the right to question and, by extension, a duty to advocate for change
where appropriate. The exercise of professional independence, therefore, plays an important
role in the evolution of laws, standards, resource objectives or policies, and may positively
influence expectations or behaviors of employers or clients towards improved forest
stewardship.
16 PGA, s. 57(2)(g).
17 PGA, s. 57(2)(k).
18 PGA, s. 57(2)(j).
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To be professionally independent, a registrant must be independent in their attitudes, actions,
and practice from:
i. their employer or client – registrants are valuable to their client or employer because
they are professionally independent;
ii. special interest groups – registrants must reach independent decisions, despite pressure
that may be exerted by local, provincial, national, or international interest groups;
registrants who belong to special interest groups must still exercise professional
independence in their practice and conduct and have the added responsibility of
ensuring there are no conflicting interests (see Standard 3);
iii. majority groups – being professionally independent means, where appropriate, being
innovative, adapting to change and not being constrained by ‘mainstream thinking’ or
’joining the latest fad’; and
iv. their own personal biases – registrants recognize their own personal biases or opinions in
decision-making and must take them into account when arriving at an independent
decision; in so doing, they objectively consider the full spectrum of views.19
One area where professional independence is notable is in the public forum. Whether rising to
ask a question, a panelist providing a perspective, or a speaker at an event, how the forest
professional is perceived by the public audience becomes a characteristic of their message.
Demonstrating professional independence in public settings is an important skill for the forest
professional and includes science-based information, the balance of legitimate and viable
options, a declaration of whom you are and whom you represent.
Professional independence does not provide the forest professional licence to say anything they
want. Bias and advancing a particular ideology can often hide within the content of a
professional’s perspective. The independent forest professional guards against bias in their
views and uses professional reflection and peer support to build on the content in their message.
Ultimately, the registrant must, in fact and appearance, be an objective and trusted source of
analysis, opinion and options. Achieving this end means that the standard of independence is
met.
For additional information refer to Foundations of Professional Forestry (December 2024).
Standard 2, Object A – Uphold Public Interest and Professional Principles
“Registrants … must uphold the public interest and professional principles above the
demands of employment or personal gain.”20
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants provide value to clients and employers because they are independent from both in
the provision of professional advice, judgment, and decision making. That is, the client or
19 Refer to Standard 3(c) for additional guidance on bias.
20 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(a)
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employer can embark on a particular forestry practice because they follow the advice and
direction of a registered professional. This is a cornerstone of professionalism.
Forest professionals can also be members in other regulatory processes, such as elected officials
or the public service. These carry their own set of legal and ethical obligations. In most cases, the
requirements are complimentary. However, it is possible that an individual could perceive there
to be a conflict between obligations in a particular circumstance.
For example, a public servant who is a statutory decision-maker may be required by law to
consider only certain criteria in the decision to approve a plan, yet may feel that this is in conflict
with a professional obligation to sound stewardship. If this occurs, the professional cannot
abrogate one in favor of the other. They must achieve both. Often this means finding a balance
within the legal parameters. Normally, upon consulting with legal counsel, professional advisors
or peers, the matter can be reconciled.
In another example, forest professionals employed or retained by companies or organizations
that hold an agreement under the Forest Act (agreement holder) are generally asked to take on
the role of advisor or doer, and often both. While one of the responsibilities is to ensure the
agreement holder is able to meet their statutory obligations, there is also an expectation that
the forest professional will advance the ’best’ or ’most appropriate’ practice or decision.
Although clearly having a duty to the agreement holder as their employer, the forest
professional must also consider the public interest, as well as whether there is a duty to any third
party which may be impacted by actions taken by the agreement holder as a result of the advice
given. If the professional finds a conflict between the interests of the employer or client and
professional standards, the difference must be resolved (for further guidance for resolving
conflicting interests, see Standard 3). The professional will provide advice, recommended steps,
or specific direction based on a balance that achieves both requirements. That is, providing the
fullness of the possibilities while allowing space for the employer to have discretion (and
accountability) to make the final management decision.
While managers have management prerogative to make decisions in the interest of their
organization or company, when the decision, is the practice of professional forestry, it must be
undertaken by a registered forest professional.
Registrants, whether acting as a manager or otherwise, uphold the public interest above the
demands of employment by adhering to the Code. While this places an additional responsibility
upon a manager who is also a registered forest professional, it is possible and, in most cases,
desirable. It is to the employer’s benefit to have competent and informed decision making.
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Standard 2, Object B – Facts, Assumptions and Opinions
“Registrants … must distinguish between facts, assumptions and opinions when
providing professional opinions.”21
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants must clearly distinguish between facts, assumptions, and opinions when providing
professional-opinions22 in the preparation of documents and during discussions in public
forums.
Facts are information that are true and often used as evidence for a particular outcome. An
assumption is what a person believes to be true, or true under specified conditions and
circumstances. An opinion is a preferential view that can be biased or unsubstantiated. It is
legitimate and valued in the context of the person and is commonly referred to as a personal
opinion.
A professional-opinion is distinguished from the above by the source of the information upon
which it is based. A professional-opinion:
• is given by a professional who has the appropriate competencies (i.e., knowledge, skills,
and experience) to provide that opinion;
• is supported by evidence (i.e., data, assumptions, limitations, uncertainties,
methodology, and underlying analysis); and
• is documented in a manner which demonstrates due diligence and provides a validation
of the professional-opinion.
Professional forestry practice can occur in areas of emerging science where advances in science
may not be reflected in current legislation or Forest Professionals BC standards of practice (e.g.,
climate change impacts).
In exceptional circumstances23, a registrant may depart from a particular standard if it is
appropriate to do so for an identified reason, which must be specifically documented and
supported by a written rationale that is consistent with the Code. Documentation should include
supporting materials such as peer reviewed research and second opinions of other professionals.
A check-list of the minimum elements expected to be documented in a professional-opinion:
i. name of the professional and their professional designation;
ii. identification of the subject or the problem of the professional-opinion;
iii. summary of the evidentiary base for the professional-opinion, including relevant data,
accepted methods of assessment, government policy, other factual background;
iv. assumptions, limitations, and uncertainties that exist; and
v. statement of the professional-opinion in an objective form.
21 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(b)
22 The term professional-opinion is hyphenated when referenced in the Standards to distinguish it from a
personal opinion of a professional.
23 Bylaw 9-2 (2)
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Refer to Standard 4(e) for further guidance on documentation.
Refer to Professional Quality Rationales (June 2025)
Standard 2, Object C – Identify Contributors to Professional Work
“Registrants … must clearly identify each registrant who has contributed professional
work, including recommendations, reports, statements or opinions.”24
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants must acknowledge contributions of others for work with which they are associated.
Professional forestry work often includes a significant amount of collective and professional
teamwork to achieve a forest objective. For example, it might include a specialist professional
document that informs some aspect of the project, a professional record attesting to the current
state of a particular forest, another professional opinion, or professional work that maps a forest
condition.
Any significant contribution that impacts the quality and content of a registrant’s work must be
recognized. This includes any aspect of work that supports or is relied upon to form a
professional opinion, recommendation, prescription, or action so that if the work is called into
question, the contributor and their contribution could be referenced in defence of the
registrant’s action, directions, or advice.
For example, it would only be necessary to reference minor tasks or support work undertaken by
another person on the professional’s behalf where it impacted the professional’s work product.
Standard 2, Object D – Maintaining Confidentiality
“Registrants … must not disclose confidential information without consent, except as
required by law.”25
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants should consider all information received from a client or employer as confidential.
Confidential information should only be disclosed to others or used by the registrant where:
i. it is required by law;
ii. the client or employer provides consent; or
iii. it is necessary as a defence against assertions of unprofessional conduct brought by a
regulatory body.
Technical information and some professional work products (such as a prescription for a
treatment) that are owned by the client/employer may not be used without consent of the
24 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(c)
25 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(d)
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client/employer. However, the technical knowledge and some professional work and
professional competencies gained by a registrant through work experience may be used in
subsequent projects without consent from other parties. The correctness of the previous
statements depends on the circumstances and the conditions of work. It is best to err on the side
of caution and discuss and confirm expectations regarding further use of past work.
Information received from a potential employer or client must still be kept in confidence, even if
the contract of employment or retainer does not materialize. Likewise, information received
during the course of employment or contract remains confidential even after the employment
or contract ends.
Standard 2, Object E – Disregard or Overrule of Professional Decisions
“Registrants … must present clearly to employers and clients the possible consequences if
professional decisions or judgments are overruled or disregarded.”26
Guidelines for Interpretation
Professional independence requires a registrant to provide comprehensive professional work
that is objective, unfettered, impartial, and honest. In some cases, the professional work will be
advice or a series of options. In other cases, it may be specific direction. In providing the scope of
the potential options, advice, or specific direction, the forest professional must explain the
possible consequences if a professional decision or judgment is overruled or disregarded.
The professional also needs to consider how their professional direction is received and the
individual’s, customer’s or organization’s ability to understand, and therefore, undertake the
prescribed tasks. If the recipient is not a ‘competent customer,’ then additional information,
references, and descriptions (e.g., next steps) may be necessary to further clarify potential
outcomes.
Despite the management prerogative that exists for employers and clients to make decisions in
the interest of their organization or company, when the decision is part of the reserved practice
of professional forestry27, it must be made by, or under the supervision of a registered forest
professional.28 It is an offence under Section 54 of the PGA for an employer or client (who is not a
registered professional forester) to make a decision that is part of a reserved practice.
In exercising professional independence, it is important for a forest professional to understand
the ’line’ between the regulated practice of professional forestry and the regulatory rights and
obligations of an employer or client to conduct a forest practice (i.e., a company that holds an
agreement under the Forest Act or a landowner whose land is subject to the Private Managed
Forest Land Act). In general, a forest professional would not compel a client or employer to
undertake or refrain from work that falls outside the rights and obligations of that party.
26 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 2(e)
27 i.e., The decision is included in the regulation that prescribes a service as a reserved practice
28 PGA, s. 54
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For example, a professional would not compel the landowner of a privately managed forest to
meet forest practices standards that are beyond those legally required under the Private
Managed Forest Land Regulations or policies. In such a case, the forest professional would
provide advice or options and ensure that the consequences of not following their advice or
options are clearly articulated to the owner. There are many exceptions to this generalization,
including the prescribed actions by a forest professional to avoid significant harm to the
environment.
Additionally, if the registrant believes the continued practise of professional forestry by an
employer or client might pose a risk of significant harm to the environment or to the health or
safety of the public or a group of people, the registrant has a duty under Standard 9(a) to report
that instance to Forest Professionals BC and any other appropriate authority.
Further to duties related to the PGA, where the registrant is aware of potential impacts to third
parties (i.e., legal rights, business interests, or cultural interests), they should raise these
consequences, along with the legal liability and reputational implications, that may result for the
client/employer.
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Standard 3 – Conflict of Interest
Registrants must avoid situations and circumstances in which there is a real or perceived
conflict of interest, and must:
a. ensure conflicts of interest, including perceived conflicts of interest, are properly
disclosed;
b. take appropriate action to resolve or mitigate identified conflicts of interest;
c. take necessary measures so that a conflict of interest will not bias decisions or
recommendations.29
Guidelines for Interpretation
A conflict of interest exists when there is, in fact or perception, a duty or loyalty owed by a forest
professional to one party that will, or is likely to, improperly influence the duty and loyalty the
registrant owes to another party.
A conflict of interest may be real, potential, or perceived. Conflicts may arise with respect to a
number of types of interests, including individual/personal interests of the forest professional,
interests of clients or employers, interests of the profession, and interests of the public.
Avoiding actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest is fundamental to ensuring the
highest levels of integrity and public trust. Conflicts of interest that arise between forest
professionals and those to whom they provide a professional service may result in other
consequences that could lead to conflicts with other interests, whether professional or with an
employer, other clients, or the public interest.
Conflicts of interest arise when there is an actual or perceived risk that a forest professional’s
actions for one party or the public interest will be materially and adversely affected by another
party’s interest, or by a personal interest.
Potential conflicts of interest often arise in situations where forest professionals:
• work for more than one client (e.g. the clients are competing forest companies);
• work for (or hold corporate shares in) an organization whose interests may not be
perceived to align with those of the forest professional’s code of conduct or the public
interest;
• work in small communities where they may have multiple roles and interactions with
family members, for example:
a. work as a forest professional for government with responsibilities to monitor the
work of forest licensee where a family member works; or
b. hold a seat on a local government council whose decisions may impact their
personal property or benefit a forest company for which they work.
29 PGA, s. 57(2)(h)
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• own personal property or are engaged in private forestry operations (i.e., hold forest
tenures) that may be impacted by their professional decisions.
Regardless of the situation, there are basic steps the registrant must take in order to meet the
Conflict of Interest standard. The registrant must demonstrate they have taken the following
steps as described further under the objects below:
i. identify if a conflict exists;
ii. disclose the conflict;
iii. resolve or mitigate the conflict; and
iv. document all inquiries and work related to the conflict.
Standard 3, Object A – Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
“Registrants … must ensure conflicts of interest, including perceived conflicts of interest,
are properly disclosed.”30
Guidelines for Interpretation
The responsibility for identifying that a conflict exists rests with the registrant. The awareness
that a conflict of interest exists for a registrant may also arise from another Forest Professionals
BC registrant or the public. Where a conflict has been identified, the registrant is required to fully
disclose the conflict of interest to the affected parties immediately.
A conflict can arise externally after an assignment has been undertaken or from factors that the
registrant is reasonably not aware of at the time of the assignment. In these circumstances, once
a conflict of interest becomes known to the registrant, they must disclose it.
The disclosure of a conflict must be documented by the registrant in order to demonstrate that
the professional object has been met.
Standard 3, Object B – Resolve or Mitigate Conflicts of Interest
“Registrants … must take appropriate action to resolve or mitigate identified conflicts of
interests.”31
Guidelines for Interpretation
The responsibility to resolve or mitigate a conflict of interest rests with the registrant.
The most effective means to mitigate a conflict of interest is to avoid one in the first place, either
by:
• avoiding assignments where there is potential for real or perceived conflict of interest; or
30 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 3(a)
31 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 3(b)
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• pro-actively disclosing potentially conflicting relationships (business or personal) prior to
entering into assignments and determining if they can be mitigated or resolved.
In cases where a potential conflict arises once an assignment has already been undertaken, it
may be possible to resolve or mitigate the conflict by:
• limiting involvement of the registrant in specific aspects of a project or assignment; or
• taking steps to mitigate the circumstances which led to the conflict.
For example, a registrant who currently provides professional services to a forestry firm and who
wishes to enter into a contract with a competitor of the firm, may be able to mitigate potential
conflicts by signing non-disclosure agreements with both firms that prohibit sharing of
information.
In another example, a registrant and employer may agree that the registrant will refrain from
making recommendations or decisions on a particular aspect of a project for which the
registrant has identified a personal conflict of interest.
If the parties do not agree to a resolution of the conflict, the registrant must avoid or withdraw
from the conflicted task or assignment.
The registrant should document all work undertaken to resolve the conflict, including an agreed
upon resolution. Where the concerns have not being resolved, the registrant may have reporting
obligations (see Standard 9 - Reporting).
Standard 3, Object C – Take Measures to Not Bias Decisions
“Registrants….must take necessary measures so that a conflict of interest will not bias
decisions or recommendations.”32
Guidelines for Interpretation
Bias occurs when a person has an actual interest in one result or favours one party over another
(actual bias) or appears to favour one result or party over another (apparent bias).
Conflicts of interest are a source of bias. They exist when professional judgment concerning a
primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal
relationships).
Awarding a contract to a family member is an example of a decision that may be perceived to be
biased due to a conflict of interest.
A registrant must take measures to ensure a conflict of interest (real or perceived) does not
result in decisions or recommendations that are biased (either actual or apparent).
Measures to take:
i. disclosure of the potential conflict as described in 3(a) above;
32 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 3(c)
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ii. recommendation of options or establishment of processes to ensure the conflicting
interests do not provide undue influence, such as:
a. establishing a mandatory peer review of the decisions or recommendations; or
b. assigning the decisions or recommendations to another registrant.
If there is no satisfactory way out of the conflict of interest, the registrant should withdraw their
services from the situation that creates the conflict.
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Standard 4 – Due Diligence
Registrants work with constant and careful attention, and must:
• ensure work is complete, correct and clear;
• provide professional work that is measurable or verifiable;
• have regard for the common law and applicable legislation or regulations,
including relevant enactments of British Columbia, federal enactments, and
enactments of other provinces;33
• have regard for applicable standards, policies, plans and practices established by
the government or FPBC;34
• undertake work and documentation with due diligence and in accordance with any
guidance developed to standardize professional documentation for the profession
of forestry.35
Guidelines for Interpretation
The practice of professional forestry is complex. Forest professionals are required to interpret
the ecology and be knowledgeable on objectives, legal requirements, and other aspects in order
to make decisions regarding courses of action or management in the forest.
The forest professional’s decision can be visible, affect other forest resource values, and have a
lasting impact. Therefore, a key ethical attribute of the forest professional is their constant
attention to being duly diligent.
Due diligence includes taking and documenting all necessary steps to enable the registrant to
demonstrate to others that all appropriate factors were considered and steps taken to do the job
in a professional manner.
A key objective of this standard is to ensure that a desired outcome is achieved in a way that
minimizes negative consequences or outcomes. As such, it is a necessary component of all
aspects of practice and professional life.
33 PGA, s. 57(2)(c)
34 PGA, s. 57(2)(d).
35 PGA, s. 57(2)(l)
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Standard 4, Object A – Work is Complete, Correct, and Clear
“Registrants … must ensure work is complete, correct, and clear.”36
Guidelines for Interpretation
To meet this Object, work must:
i. be scientifically and technically sound;
ii. recognize and respect the many, and sometimes competing, values and interests in
forest management and provide sound professional judgment as to how to
accommodate these interests and values;
iii. include the relevant considerations and implications;
iv. provide clear analysis of practical options;
v. balance expectations of the public, professional colleagues, and the client or employer;
vi. be supported by sufficient rationale so that, where required, others can implement
recommendations or prescriptions for action and meet the objectives and commitments
embodied in the work (see Standard 4(b) and reference below for additional guidance
on use and preparation of professional rationales);
vii. be free of errors and omissions;
viii. meet all legal requirements; and
ix. be clearly understandable for the intended recipient.
Where the scope of the work product or opinion is qualified or limited in some way, the
professional must state clearly those qualifications or limitations. Where the nature of the work
product requires or implies objectives, the professional must provide specific, measurable
objectives so results can be audited for achievement.
For additional information refer to Guidance for Professional Quality Field Work (March 2021)
and Professional Quality Rationales (June 2025)
Standard 4, Object B – Work is Measurable or Verifiable
“Registrants … must provide professional work that is measurable or verifiable.”37
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants deliver professional work that is measurable or verifiable and can provide a rationale
as to the methods used in measuring or verifying by:
i. identifying the end result38 or objective of the professional work and forest practice;
36 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 4(a)
37 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 4(b)
38 End result is the outcome expected to be achieved in the management of forests, forest lands, forest
resources and forest ecosystems. For example, an end result is the outcome of several results or strategies
in a Forest Stewardship Plan under the Forest and Range Practices Act.
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ii. identifying what the measurement or verification will apply to, within the specific
components39 of forests;
iii. identifying where the accountabilities reside for those components of forests;40
iv. providing the ways the specific components of forests can be measured;
v. recommending a method of measure for the future;
vi. identifying relevant and realistic outcomes of forest practice and the expected time
frames that are to be measured;
vii. ensuring the appropriate expertise and methods are applied to the measurement.
For more information refer to Guidance for Professional Quality Field Work (March 2021) and
Professional Quality Rationales (June 2025).
Standard 4, Object C – Regard for Laws
“Registrants … must have regard for the common law and applicable legislation or
regulations, including relevant enactments of British Columbia, federal enactments, and
enactments of other provinces.”41
Guidelines for Interpretation
Typically, forest professionals have been accustomed to the terminology ’to consider‘ some
external aspect (e.g., policy or guideline) in their professional work. The PGA requires that
registrants ‘have regard for’ stated aspects of law. To ’have regard for‘ is a higher standard than
consideration and means that a registrant is required to take applicable laws into account in the
course of their practice. This requires registrants to be familiar and remain current with laws that
are relevant to their practice. Additionally, registrants need to understand the degree of
flexibility and specificity provided by a particular law and the consequences for non-compliance.
For example:
i. some legislation is mandatory and prescriptive – an action must be taken in accordance
with specific rules laid out in regulation and failure to meet these requirements may
result in penalties;
ii. some legislation is not mandatory or specific – an action may be taken with no details on
how to carry out the action prescribed in regulations; it may set targets or establish
guiding principles and leave a decision on how or if to apply the provision to the
professional judgement or discretion of a registrant.
39 Specific components of forests refer to characteristics – such as stocking, visual quality, volume,
hectares of forest land, etc. – articulated in the objectives of the landowner.
40 Forests means forests, forest lands, forest resources and forest ecosystems.
41 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 4(c)
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In cases where laws apply to the practice of professional forestry, Forest Professionals BC may
have established standards of practice and guidelines with which a registrant is expected to
comply.
Where a registrant departs from a legislative requirement or a Forest Professionals BC standard
of practice, the reason for this departure must be documented and supported by a written
rationale that is consistent with the Code and Bylaw 9-2.
A registrant cannot ignore or disregard laws and standards with which they may disagree.
However, in fulfilling their duty to uphold forest stewardship (under Standard 6(b)), a registrant
may see the need to challenge established laws and standards. This is a foundation for the
evolution of laws, standards, resource objectives, and policies that are associated with the
practice of professional forestry.
If a registrant decides to present such a challenge, they should recognize the need for careful
consideration and heightened professional judgment. There is a time, a circumstance, and a best
method for presenting challenges, and in some cases, a professional risk (i.e., where a challenge
may be perceived or result in a barrier to another party exercising their rights in law).
Standard 4, Object D – Regard for Policies of Government or FPBC
“Registrants … must have regard for applicable standards, policies, plans and practices
established by the government or FPBC.”42
Guidelines for Interpretation
The practice of professional forestry is subject to a significant number of laws, regulations,
policies, procedures, standards and guidelines. The application of these policies, which emanate
from various government agencies as well as Forest Professionals BC, can vary widely depending
on the area of professional practice.
Part of diligent professional behaviour involves having a fulsome knowledge of these
parameters sufficient to meet their obligations and carry out the required professional work for
clients or employers.
The Code is not an absolute list of a professional’s obligations. Other important standards,
policies, plans, and practices exist that are not specifically referenced in the Code43. Violation of
these may be deemed to constitute professional misconduct, conduct unbecoming a registrant,
or the incompetent performance of duties. Professional development and life-long learning are
important competence and diligence benchmarks to professional practice.
42 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 4(d)
43 Refer to Standard 6(a) for examples of other types of plans and policies that must be considered or
complied with by forest professionals.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 4, Object E – Due Diligence in Work and Documentation
“Registrants … must undertake work and documentation with due diligence and in
accordance with any guidance developed to standardize professional documentation for
the profession of forestry.”44
Guidelines for Interpretation
Due diligence in work and documentation refers to the care that a forest professional takes in
their work and documentation to avoid harm to others and the environment.
Forest Professionals BC produces guidelines for professional work with regard to particular areas
of practice. The guidelines may be composed of standards of competence, standards of practice,
best practices, and general advice. Within the guidelines, there is content and description about
the requisite effort and, in some cases, requirements that a forest professional undertakes in
providing professional work.
To meet the objective of due diligence, a registrant needs to be satisfied that:
i. all relevant legal requirements have been met;
ii. all relevant policies and guidelines have been taken into account;
iii. the registrant has a clear understanding of client or employer objectives and how they
relate to other values or interests relevant to the work or how they may impact it;
iv. the registrant is personally familiar with all relevant characteristics of the area45 affected
by the work;
v. all appropriate background information has been gathered and incorporated;
vi. the registrant has consulted with appropriate experts or specialists on areas in which the
registrant is not qualified to practise or express an opinion;
vii. when external advice is sought from a specialist, the specialist is qualified and competent
and any advice received makes sense based on the registrant’s own personal knowledge;
viii. when data is collected by another person, the person collecting the data is qualified and
competent and the data collected makes sense based on the registrant’s own personal
knowledge;
ix. sufficient data was collected in a manner that adhered to required standards; and
x. the registrant has made a proper assessment of risks and outcomes.
Due diligence is only effective if it is properly documented. A forest professional would violate
this object by omission if, during a professional conduct audit, it was found that they rarely
provided documentation of their work.
Multiple mechanisms can be used to demonstrate that all appropriate procedures were
followed and to ensure no relevant steps or considerations were missed. Diligent forest
professionals develop such tools for each of area of practice in which they engage.
44 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 4(e)
45 The word ’area’ has numerous contexts, such as a physical location. For example, when a professional
forester is doing site-specific work (such as a prescription), the word will include the geography, site
conditions, ecology, etc. It can also mean the ’subject area’ of the work in question.
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Examples of mechanisms of adequate documentation:
• checklists;
• standard operating procedures;
• diaries;
• phone, text logs;
• keeping and maintaining appropriate files, filing systems (including digital files, emails
records);
• document retention policies and practices, including ensuring the registrant keeps
personal copies of their work and all relevant background information (i.e., ancillary
documents46) on which it is based47.
For additional information refer to Professional Quality Rationales (June 2025), Standards of
Review – excerpted from the Professional Accountability Workshop (1999), and Due Diligence
Defence under FRPA and the Role of Professional Service (November 2012).
46 These are all documents prepared in support of, or as a precursor to, professional documents (a
professional document is any plan or report prepared by a forest professional that requires professional
judgment). Examples of ancillary documents include, but are not limited to: e-mails; conceptual draft
notes; field notes; notes on field maps; aerial photo stratification; memos; documentation of phone calls
or verbal communication; draft versions; supporting documents; or publications and letters. These
ancillary documents may be needed to support professional judgment decisions. If an employer’s filing
systems does not include ancillary documents, then registrants should create their own filing system to
include these documents.
47 The obligation to keep personal copies of work and ancillary documents may be relieved if the registrant
can ensure that the client or employer has systems in place to retain them.
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Standard 5 – Integrity
Registrants always conduct themselves honourably and in ways which sustain and
enhance their professional integrity and the integrity of the profession as a whole.
Registrants must:
a. inspire confidence in the profession by maintaining high standards in daily conduct
and work;
b. abstain from undignified public communication;
c. not misrepresent facts.
Guidelines for Interpretation
In the context of the regulated practice of professional forestry, integrity has two interrelated
aspects:
i. personal integrity, and;
ii. integrity of the profession as a whole.
One word or phrase cannot adequately capture the full meaning of integrity. Dictionaries
variously define integrity as the quality of character and the state of being complete, that is
undivided and unbroken. Integrity includes the essence of competence, independence, honesty,
honour, fairness, openness, credibility, respect, sincerity, ethical conduct, contribution,
conscientiousness, and moral soundness. It is the strict adherence to a code of moral values,
artistic principles, or other standards; complete sincerity or honesty, the state of being
unimpaired; soundness, completeness, unity.
Characteristics of integrity reside in the individual but are general expectations of the profession
as a whole. Without personal integrity, there cannot be integrity of the profession.
In a broad sense, the concept of integrity encompasses all standards in the Code of Ethical and
Professional Conduct. Integrity is a personal attribute that can be measured by observing the
outcomes of a professional’s actions and reputation, as well as the respectful regard48 given by
their peers.
Registrants demonstrate integrity by conducting themselves with dignity and respect for all
persons with whom they interact in their work and private life.
The PGA defines “conduct unbecoming of a registrant” 49 which may result in disciplinary action,
as conduct that:
a. brings the regulatory body or its registrants into disrepute;
48 Respectful regard is the acknowledgment of a professional’s wisdom derived from education, training,
experience, and perspective, regardless of employer or affiliation. Respectful regard means that a
professional’s work product, opinions and judgments are given consideration and weight.
49 PGA, sec. 1(1) “conduct unbecoming a registrant”
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b. undermines the standards, methods or principles that are the foundation of the
profession;
c. undermines the principle of holding paramount the safety, health and welfare of the
public, including the protection of the environment and the promotion of health and
safety in the workplace in the manner that reflects the stewardship of a given profession
by each regulatory body.
Standard 5, Object A – Inspire Confidence in the Profession
“Registrants … must inspire confidence in the profession by maintaining high standards in
daily conduct and work.”50
Guidelines for Interpretation
Being a professional requires constant care and attention. Forest professionals are registrants of
a profession with special rights and privileges granted to them by society in the expectation that
registrants are of good repute and will conduct themselves honourably.
The registrant can build confidence with the public, employers, registrants, and others through
diligent application of the standards of conduct under the Code. A registrant is expected to
abide by the principles in the Code in both their professional and private conduct.
Bylaw 9-1(2) specifies the Code does not deny the existence of other important ethical and
professional standards that are not specifically included, the violation of which may be deemed
under the PGA to constitute an offence, professional misconduct, conduct unbecoming a
registrant, or the incompetent performance of duties undertaken while engaged in the practice
of professional forestry.
For example, prospective registrants convicted of an indictable offence associated with private
conduct can be denied entry to the profession. Registrants so convicted can be removed from
the profession either permanently or temporarily.
Standard 5, Object B – Undignified Public Communication
“Registrants ... must abstain from undignified public communication.”51
Guidelines for Interpretation
In the course of their professional and personal lives, registrants will be required to, or have
opportunity to, communicate with a wide array of parties and through numerous mediums and
forums.
When it occurs in the public domain, the manner and content of a registrant’s communications
will reflect both on the registrant as a professional and on Forest Professionals BC.
50 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 5(a)
51 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 5(b)
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Communication by registrants must always be characterized by respect, courtesy, honesty, and
good faith.
Public communication is communication of any form that is, or could reasonably be expected to
be, accessible in the public domain. Today, almost any communication can be become public
and widely circulated via online media.
Examples of public communication:
• presentations made or comments given in public meetings;
• opinions or comments given to print or electronic media;
• comments made on social media sites (i.e., Facebook, LinkedIn, X (formerly Twitter),
Instagram, etc.);
• comments made on unsecure (unencrypted) email or messaging applications, including
those on large corporate or government systems that are not considered private
property.
Examples of undignified public communication:
• disruptive (eg., angry or rude outbursts, verbal threats, swearing, threatening,
comments that are demeaning, humiliating, insulting, insensitive, intimidating,
misogynistic, racist, sexist, hostile or unjustified);
• passive-aggressive behavior (eg.,unreasonably critical or negative, intentionally
incomplete, dismissive or condescending comments, patronizing comments/attitude,
exclusionary and over-ruling);
• advancing a personal agenda of disagreement through malicious and critical public
communication.
This is not intended to be a prescriptive list. Professionals need the freedom to disagree and
such disagreements must be discussed and debated in a business-like, collegial, and
professional manner with respect for the relative positions of those involved.
Standard 5, Object C – Not Misrepresent Facts
“Registrants … must not misrepresent facts.”52
Guidelines for Interpretation
Public trust of forest professionals is essential in order for registrants to effectively discharge
their stewardship duties.
A professional statement of fact, opinion, estimate, advice or prescribed course of action must
be based on sound, unprejudiced information without distortion or omission of material facts. If
a forest professional has relied on estimates or circumstantial evidence in the making of a
statement, estimate, giving advice or prescribing a course of action, the forest professional must
clearly acknowledge that and provide an assessment of the validity of the estimate or
52 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 5(c)
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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circumstantial evidence. Registrants need to also acknowledge that others may interpret the
same information differently.
For additional information refer to Standard 2(b) – distinguishing between facts, assumptions
and opinions and Standard 4(a) – ensure work is complete, correct and clear
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 6 — Forest Stewardship
Registrants ... must work to improve practices and policies affecting forest stewardship.
Registrants must:
• obtain a clear understanding of objectives for land and resource use;
• uphold forest stewardship and practise the responsible use of forest resources
based on the application of an ecological understanding at the stand, forest, and
landscape levels, which maintains and protects ecosystem function, integrity, and
resilience;
• take respectful and appropriate steps to raise identified concerns with another
registrant about any practice that may be detrimental to forest stewardship, and
seek to resolve those concerns.
Guidelines for Interpretation
Forest stewardship is the ‘raison d’etre’ of the forestry profession.
Stewardship is the care of natural resources, taking into consideration the values of Indigenous
and other landowners and society. Stewardship includes the application of an ecological
understanding at the stand, forest, and landscape levels, and is based upon an ethical
responsibility to the land and the place of people in the natural world. Stewardship employs
well-crafted solutions tailored specifically to each problem and embraces the diversity and
complexity of the task at hand.
All of a registrant’s rights and obligations are exercised in furtherance of their stewardship
obligations. In a sense, each of the Code standards discussed in this document are a means to
the stewardship end.
Stewardship within professional practice occurs at multiple levels. Exercising a forest
stewardship obligation in practice recognizes the existence of complex biotic systems,
competing interests and values, and obligations to future generations. Stewardship requires the
forest professional to constantly evaluate specific or narrower decisions in light of impacts on
the whole range of forest resources and values on a temporal and spatial scale.
The broad understanding of stewardship is important when prescribing or implementing a basic
forestry practice. To the member of the public, the forestry practice is simply a task. To the forest
professional, it is a site intervention meant to adjust the successional trajectory within the
context of the forest ecosystem and forest values as a whole. Forest stewardship, at the
analytical level, can be both simple and complex.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 6, Object A – Understand Objectives for Land and Resource Use
“Registrants ... must obtain a clear understanding of objectives for land and resource
use.”53
Guidelines for Interpretation
Government54 sets large scale or broader objectives for forest land and resource use through
legislation, policy, and higher-level plans. Private landowners or parties with legal rights to land
and resources may set further objectives that are consistent with their rights and government
objectives.
Registrants are responsible for ensuring they are aware of and understand the intent and
application of any existing forest land and resource objectives that apply to the area where they
will be practising. In the absence of such objectives, and for ’site level’ and operational scale
decisions, the forest professional is relied upon to exercise greater professional judgment. This
professional judgment must be exercised within the obligations held by the registrant under the
Code to the public and their client or employer.
Forest professionals often encounter challenges related to land-use choices and the desires of
public interest groups or other parties that don’t have legal rights or contractual relationships
with the government (i.e., parties that don’t hold agreements under the Forest Act, Range Act or
other statutes). These challenges are typically referred to as non-statutory expectations (NSE),
as these challenges exist outside of legislated requirements.
A non-statutory expectation is defined by Forest Professionals BC as: an expectation, condition,
or circumstance held by others that a forest professional can achieve an outcome when no
legislation or authority exists for the professional to ensure the outcome occurs.
In these circumstances, professionals are left to draw on their own knowledge and consult with
others to propose suitable objectives, which may or may not be undertaken.
In the absence of refreshed land-use plans or a review of the objectives established in the Forest
and Range Practices Act (FRPA) against societal expectations, and objectives being formalized in
ministerial orders and government action regulations, the frequency and extent of NSE
pressures experienced by forest professionals has increased substantially since FRPA’s inception.
To support forest professionals to balance social, cultural, economic, and ecological values,
Forest Professionals BC (then known as the Association of BC Forest Professionals) established a
series of papers in 2012 around managing non-statutory expectations.
For additional information refer to Interpreting the Publics’ Interests (May 2002), A Description
of Non-Statutory Expectations and the Practice of Professional Forestry (September 2012),
Applying Obligations to Weigh & Balance in Professional Service (September 2012), Foundations
of Professional Forestry (December 2024)
53 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 6(a)
54 Includes provincial, municipal, Indigenous, or federal governments.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 6, Object B – Uphold Forest Stewardship
“Registrants must uphold forest stewardship and practise the responsible use of forest
resources based on the application of an ecological understanding at the stand, forest,
and landscape levels, which maintains and protects ecosystem function, integrity, and
resilience.”55
Guidelines for Interpretation
The seven principles of forest stewardship (Principles) as noted below and described in the
report, Principles of Forest Stewardship, 2012, are intended to be broadly interpreted. Although
specific practice activities in the forest are the management prerogative of the landowner or
government, forest professionals may be judged on the content and delivery of their
professional work, even though the outcomes can be beyond their control.
Applying a variety of tests can be a method for forest professionals to demonstrate how their
practices are consistent with forest stewardship principles.
• Legal test: Does professional work comply with the applicable laws?
• Knowledge and Application Test: Does professional work consider the requisite
knowledge and information to ensure good forest stewardship?
• Communication Test: Does professional work properly communicate the necessary
information to show that it is consistent with the principles?
• Outcomes and Balance Test: Is a reasonable and balanced approach used in the
professional work to ensure good forest stewardship?
Registrants can work to uphold stewardship by:
55 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 6(b)
THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF FOREST STEWARDSHIP ARE:
1. ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY;
2. INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING;
3. FOREST MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES;
4. SOCIAL FOUNDATION;
5. TEMPORAL OPTIONS;
6. SPATIAL STRATEGIES; AND
7. ADAPTIVE PRACTICE
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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i. monitoring and identifying opportunities for improvements to practices and policies
affecting the stewardship of forest land (i.e., as part of a continuous improvement
program or process);
ii. developing localized best management practices;
iii. becoming involved with committees, boards, or organizations working/advising on
practice/policy matters;
iv. consulting with various publics, mentors, and specialists; and,
v. engaging in various methods of continuing education (e.g., carrying out research,
assisting reporters with forestry stories, reading appropriate literature, attending
workshops and conferences, giving presentations to peers and various publics).
For additional information refer to Principles of Forest Stewardship (March 2021).
Standard 6, Object C – Resolve Concerns about Forest Stewardship Practice
“Registrants ... must take respectful and appropriate steps to raise identified concerns
with another registrant about any practice that may be detrimental to forest stewardship,
and to seek to resolve those concerns.”56
Guidelines for Interpretation
Where a registrant has concerns with another registrant about a practice that may be
detrimental to forest stewardship, they must take steps to raise and resolve the concern.
In such circumstances, a registrant should first confirm the event is a matter of fact and the
event at issue is not a consequence of legitimate difference in the application of professional
judgment. In some cases, the registrant will have to evaluate the time required to confirm
information against the potential stewardship risk associated with the practice.
A registrant should make every effort to discuss the issue in confidence with the other registrant
at a suitable time and location. In some cases, if time permits, registrants should seek an
opportunity to consult with mentors, peers, or Forest Professionals BCV’s Practice Advisory
Program57.
It must be noted, the above guidance is not intended as direction for a registrant to undertake
an investigation. It is about confirming what is known by the registrant. Taking the step to
‘clarify’ communication is valuable and effective, saving time for all registrants involved.
If the matter cannot be resolved expeditiously, a registrant must report their concerns to Forest
Professionals BC under Standard 9.
56 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 6(c)
57 Bylaw 9-3. In exceptional circumstances, it may be inappropriate to raise the matter with these persons.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 7 — Safety
Registrants must:
a. maintain safe work practices and consider the safety of workers and others in the
practice of professional forestry;
b. hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and the promotion of
health and safety in the workplace.58
Guidelines for Interpretation
Forest professionals are key participants, and may play a leadership role, in establishing and
maintaining a culture of safety in the forest sector by conducting and promoting safe forest
practices, by incorporating safety as an underpinning of their professional practice, and by
inspiring others to lead in safety.
The Forest Professionals BC safety standard adds additional professional layers to an individual’s
responsibility for being safe. The safety standard requires each forest professional to
incorporate the necessary elements of safety into their professional work. This standard of
conduct does not require each forest professional to be a safety expert. Instead, the foundation
of safety must be present at all stages of a registrant’s professional practice, from planning to
implementation, to completion, evaluation, and improvement.
Standard 7, Object A – Safe Work Practices
“Registrants must maintain safe work practices and consider the safety of workers and
others in the practice of professional forestry.”59
Guidelines for Interpretation
In all aspects of their practice, a forest professional must ensure the safety, health, and welfare
of the public and those in the workplace (i.e., workers and fellow professionals) are the top
priority.
Registrants are expected to incorporate safety as a foundation of their professional work and to
implement safe practices in everything they do. This requires registrants to:
• be current on safety legislation, regulations, policies, practices, and local protocols;
• actively scan for and identify safety hazards and risks in the workplace;
• act safely and set a safe example to others; and
• be aware of potential safety hazards and risks associated with their workplace and that of
workers who will be implementing their plans and prescriptions, and incorporating
safety considerations into those plans and practices.
58 PGA, s. 57(2)(a)
59 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 7(a)
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Areas of concern and risk should be highlighted and written instructions on how to mitigate risks
produced for operators. The instructions need to be reviewed with, and available to, those
involved with implementing the plans.
If a registrant believes they are not qualified, or lack sufficient knowledge to deal with a
particular safety matter, they are expected to arrange for someone who is qualified to take on
the responsibility and/or bring their own qualifications up to the appropriate level through
training, experience, courses, and mentoring.
Registrants have a duty to report under Standards 9(a) and (b) if they believe the continued
practice of a regulated practice might pose a risk of significant harm to the health or safety of
the public or a group of people.
Additional information on safe work practices is available on the WorkSafe BC website, as well as
in local health and safety plans. See Standards 9(a) and (b) for further guidance on reporting
unsafe practices.
Standard 7, Object B – Hold Paramount Safety, Health, and Welfare
“Registrants must hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and the
promotion of health and safety in the workplace.”60
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants have a role in contributing to and promoting a culture of safety in their workplace.
Examples of how a forest professional can accomplish this:
• participating on local health and safety committees;
• communicating safety considerations frequently with others who are involved in forest
activities;
• identifying opportunities for and engaging in developing improvements to health and
safety in the workplace;
• demonstrating a safe example to others; and
• continuously scan for and identify safety hazards and risks in the workplace.
60 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 7(b)
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Standard 8 — Professionalism
Registrants provide professional service that is respectful and appropriate to the
circumstances, and must:
a. promote public knowledge of forestry with truthful and accurate statements on
forestry matters;
b. refrain from unfairly criticizing the work of other registrants or attempting to
injure the professional reputation or business of another registrant;
c. contribute to the advance of scientific and professional knowledge of the
profession and others;
d. be conscientious in providing professional services;
e. take respectful and appropriate steps to raise identified concerns with another
registrant about their professional competence, or about conduct by the other
registrant that may constitute professional misconduct, conduct unbecoming a
registrant, or a breach of the Act or the bylaws, and to seek to resolve those
concerns;
f. cooperate with and demonstrate respect for the regulatory processes of FPBC;
g. not, by their words or actions, threaten, intimidate or harass any complainant,
witness or other person involved in a regulatory process of FPBC, or any board
member, committee member, officer, employee, contractor or other person acting
on behalf of FPBC;
h. comply with every undertaking given by them, any order made against them or to
which they have consented and any other agreement between them and FPBC
under the Act or bylaws.
Guidelines for Interpretation
Professionalism is the overarching standard of the registrant’s conduct. Although a definitive set
of objects or qualities cannot fully capture the essence of professionalism, two important
aspects are:
• an adherence to standards in professional practice; and
• a devotion to service.
The first operationalizes the regulated practice in a way that will provide consistency and
assurance to expected outcomes of that practice. The second focuses on behaviours of the
professional that rise above those expected of a non-professional member of the public.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 8, Object A – Truthful and Accurate Statements
“Registrants … must promote public knowledge of forestry with truthful and accurate
statements on forestry matters.”61
Guidelines for Interpretation
The forest professional is often the communication interface between the public and the
employer, the employer and the operator, and the operator and the crew. At each junction, the
forest professional is relied upon by all parties to ensure that credible, accurate, and reliable
information is presented in a truthful and balanced manner.
The forest professional owes a duty of care in the delivery of knowledge to the public. Truth is
what exists in fact and reality. Accuracy is the quality of being correct. Together these qualities
inform others, focus on the practical realities, and build public trust in the profession.
The forest professional owes a duty of care when leaning on the credibility of the profession. For
example, when a forest professional rises at a public meeting and states, “I am a forest
professional and my relevant thoughts on the subject are …,” the forest professional is standing
on the credibility of the profession. The public expectation, at this point, is knowledge and
wisdom delivered in a truthful and accurate way.
For additional information refer to Standard 2(b)
Standard 8, Object B – Refrain From Criticizing Work of Other Registrants
“Registrants … must refrain from unfairly criticizing the work of other registrants or
attempting to injure the professional reputation or business of another registrant.”62
Guidelines for Interpretation
Fair criticism is something to be welcomed and encouraged in a profession while taking due care
to exercise appropriate judgment and discretion. To be fair, criticism must be honest, accurate,
and tactful.
Every registrant’s work, opinions and judgments must be given consideration and respect. To
unfairly criticize means honour and respectful regard has not been demonstrated.
Even if the criticism is respectful and dignified, it might still be considered unfair if it is not based
on adequate verification of facts, discussions with the registrant to understand the basis of their
professional-opinion, and a review of other relevant considerations.
A significant amount of professional work deals with a level of subjectivity and variation in
scientific literature. What’s critical is following valid processes, achieving desired results, and
conducting yourself with dignity and honour.
61 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 8(a)
62 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 8(b)
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Registrants must take care to ensure criticism or other communications are not unfairly used to,
or result in, injury to the professional reputation or business of another registrant. Forest
professionals must always conduct themselves in a manner that sustains their personal and
professional integrity and the integrity of the profession as a whole. For example, it is not
acceptable to include misleading information or omit pertinent information in any
communication that may affect the professional reputation or business of others.
Standard 8, Object C – Advance Knowledge of the Profession
“Registrants … must contribute to the advance of scientific and professional knowledge
of the profession and others.”63
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants can contribute to the advance of scientific and professional knowledge by:
i. developing and sharing best management practices;
ii. identifying opportunities for improvements to practices affecting stewardship of forest
land and sharing findings with Forest Professionals BC and peers;
iii. becoming involved with committees, boards or organizations, working/advising on
practice/policy matters;
iv. consulting with various public bodies, mentors, and specialists;
v. engaging in various methods of continuing education (e.g., carrying out research,
attending workshops and conferences, giving presentations to peers and various public
organizations); and
vi. contributing to the mentorship of other forest professionals and communities of
practice.
Standard 8, Object D – Conscientious in Providing Professional Services
“Registrants … must be conscientious in providing professional services.”64
Guidelines for Interpretation
Registrants must provide prompt, clear, and professional quality service at all times. It must be
evident in all work performed that the forest professional has carefully considered and identified
all relevant information and identified all areas where information is either lacking or
ambiguous, or if any parts of the work/subject area are beyond the registrant’s expertise.
Registrants will ensure excellence, conscientiousness, and diligence to their client or employer in
their professional service by:
63 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 8(c)
64 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 8(d)
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i. providing continuous effort;
ii. being sensitive to the needs of the client or employer;
iii. communicating what must be done, the necessary timelines for doing so, and a
commitment to meet those timelines; and
iv. not overstating or unnecessarily elaborating about what is required.
If registrants become aware of errors or omissions in their work, they must report the errors or
omissions to their client or employer immediately and work to remedy the errors or omissions.
Regarding Point ii in the above list, registrants should ensure they are aware of their client’s level
of knowledge and understanding regarding the service being provided. Work products and
communications should be adjusted accordingly based on the degree of confidence the
registrant has in the client being able to implement professional recommendations in the
intended manner.
For additional information see Standard 4 – Due Diligence.
Standard 8, Object E – Resolve Concerns about Conduct
“Registrants … must take respectful and appropriate steps to raise identified concerns
with another registrant about their professional competence, or about conduct by the
other registrant that may constitute professional misconduct, conduct unbecoming a
registrant, or a breach of the Act or the bylaws, and to seek to resolve those concerns.”65
Where a registrant has concerns about the professional competence or conduct of another
registrant, they must take steps to raise and resolve the concern.
In such circumstances a registrant should:
i. confirm that the issue(s) of concern are factual, and not a consequence of a legitimate
difference in the application of professional judgment; the sensitivities associated with
these circumstances require a registrant to exercise appropriate judgment and discretion
when assessing the situation;
ii. act proactively and make every effort to respectfully discuss a concern they may have, in
confidence, with the other registrant; and
iii. in some cases, if time permits, take the opportunity to consult with mentors, peers, or
Forest Professionals BC’s Practice Advisory Program.
If the matter is not resolved after following these steps, then a registrant must report their
concerns to Forest Professionals BC under Standard 9(c).
65 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 8(e)
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Standard 8, Object F – Demonstrate Respect for FPBC Regulatory Processes
“Registrants … must cooperate with and demonstrate respect for the regulatory
processes of FPBC.
Guidelines for Interpretation
Forest Professionals BC registrants are required to comply with and show consideration for the
rules, procedures, and oversight that Forest Professionals BC has put in place. This object in
Standard 8 is designed to ensure registrants do not obstruct or undermine Forest Professionals
BC’s activities and instead engage positively with its processes:
i. registrants are expected to work with Forest Professionals BC as required; they must
provide any required necessary documentation, respond to inquiries, or assist in any
regulatory procedures Forest Professionals BC initiates; and
ii. registrants are expected to acknowledge and honor the regulatory authority of Forest
Professionals BC. This means acting in good faith, adhering to ethical standards, and
maintaining professionalism in all dealings with the regulatory body.
Standard 8, Object G – Refrain from Threatening, Intimidating, or Harassing
complainants, witnesses, or any individual representing FPBC.
“Registrants … must not, by their words or actions, threaten, intimidate or harass any
complainant, witness or other person involved in a regulatory process of FPBC, or any
board member, committee member, officer, employee, contractor or other person acting
on behalf of FPBC.
Guidelines for Interpretation
Object G speaks to a registrant’s conduct. It emphasizes that registrants cannot engage in any
behaviour that would undermine the fairness, safety, or integrity of Forest Professionals BC’s
regulatory processes. This includes making threats or trying to intimidate anyone involved in the
process—whether they are complainants, witnesses, or Forest Professionals BC staff.
The purpose of this object is to ensure all parties involved in the regulatory process can
participate without fear of retaliation, harassment, or undue pressure. It upholds
professionalism and respect within the regulatory framework. In short, it’s about maintaining a
safe and respectful environment where individuals can contribute to or be involved in the
regulatory process without fear of undue influence or mistreatment.
The object can be broken into three distinct components:
"Registrants must not, by their words or actions, threaten, intimidate or harass..."
i. threaten: making verbal or physical threats to harm someone, whether directly
or indirectly.
ii. intimidate: using fear, coercion, or bullying tactics to make someone feel unsafe
or uncomfortable.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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iii. harass: repeatedly bothering, bullying, or otherwise mistreating someone,
causing them distress.
"...any complainant, witness, or other person involved in a regulatory process of FPBC"
i. this refers to anyone participating in Forest Professionals BC regulatory
processes. A complainant might be someone who files a complaint or brings an
issue to Forest Professionals BC’s attention. A witness could be anyone providing
testimony or evidence. “Other person involved” would include anyone
contributing to or engaged in the process in some way, such as legal advisors or
support staff.
"...or any board member, committee member, officer, employee, contractor or other
person acting on behalf of FPBC."
i. this expands the prohibition to include people working with or representing
Forest Professionals BC, such as board members, committee members, officers,
employees, or contractors.
Standard 8, Object H – Comply with Orders or Undertakings Made by FPBC
“Registrants … must comply with every undertaking given by them, any order made
against them or to which they have consented and any other agreement between them
and FPBC under the Act or bylaws.
Guidelines for Interpretation
This object ensures that Forest Professionals BC’s regulatory processes and decisions are
respected and upheld. It prevents registrants from ignoring orders or agreements, which could
undermine the authority of FPBC and potentially harm the fairness and effectiveness of its
regulatory functions.
In practical terms, this means that if a registrant agrees to a certain set of actions or conditions
under an agreement or as part of an investigation or settlement, they must follow through.
Registrants have a legal responsibility to:
i. follow through on any promises, orders, or commitments they’ve made to Forest
Professionals BC;
ii. comply with any legal orders or agreements, even if they were negotiated or
agreed upon voluntarily; and
iii. abide by any rules or procedures that are laid out under Forest Professionals BC’s
governing laws or bylaws.
“Comply with every undertaking given by them”
i. an undertaking refers to a promise or commitment made by the registrant. For
example, if a registrant agrees to take certain actions, submit documents, or
follow specific protocols, they are legally required to comply with those
commitments;
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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ii. this might also include any undertakings they made during investigations, audits,
or other regulatory procedures.
“Any order made against them or to which they have consented”
i. if a regulatory order is issued against the registrant (for example, a directive
requiring them to take corrective actions, stop certain activities, or pay fines),
they are obligated to comply with it.
ii. if the registrant has consented to an order or agreed to certain conditions in the
course of a regulatory process (for example, agreeing to a settlement or to follow
particular rules), they are also bound by those conditions.
“Any other agreement between them and FPBC under the Act or bylaws”
i. registrants are also required to comply with any formal agreements they’ve made
with Forest Professionals BC, whether these agreements are related to specific
regulatory matters, licensing, permits, or other operational aspects governed by
the Professional Governance Act (PGA) or Forest Professionals BC bylaws;
ii. these agreements can include participation in the audit program, contracts,
specific conditions for operation, or any special arrangements made under Forest
Professionals BC’s legal framework.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Standard 9 – Reporting
Registrants must:
a. report to FPBC and, if applicable, any other appropriate authority, any instance
where, on reasonable or probable grounds, the registrant believes that the
continued practice of professional forestry by another registrant, or by another
person, including a firm or employer, might pose a risk of significant harm to the
environment or to the health or safety of the public or a group of people;66
b. report to the regulatory body for another profession under the Professional
Governance Act and, if applicable, any other appropriate authority, any instance
where, on reasonable and probable grounds, the registrant believes that the
continued carrying on of the regulated practice of that profession by a registrant of
that other regulatory body, or by another person, including a firm or employer,
might pose a risk of significant harm to the environment or to the health or safety
of the public or a group of people;67
c. report to FPBC any other concern described in Standard 6(c) or 8(e) about the
practice, competence or conduct of another registrant that it is not possible or
appropriate to raise directly with the other registrant, or that cannot appropriately
be resolved with the other registrant in accordance with Standard 6(c) or 8(e).
Standard 9, Object A – Report Harmful Practice to FPBC
“Registrants must report to FPBC and, if applicable, any other appropriate authority, any
instance where, on reasonable or probable grounds, the registrant believes that the
continued practice of professional forestry by another registrant, or by another person,
including a firm or employer, might pose a risk of significant harm to the environment or
to the health or safety of the public or a group of people.”68
Standard 9, Object B – Report Harmful Practice to Another Regulatory Body
“Registrants must report to the regulatory body for another profession under the
Professional Governance Act and, if applicable, any other appropriate authority, any
instance where, on reasonable and probable grounds, the registrant believes that the
continued carrying on of the regulated practice of that profession by a registrant of that
other regulatory body, or by another person, including a firm or employer, might pose a
66 PGA, s. 57(2)(i)
67 PGA, s. 57(2)(i)
68 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 9(a)
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risk of significant harm to the environment or to the health or safety of the public or a
group of people.”69
Guidelines for Interpretation70
Forest professionals have the knowledge, skill, and ability to observe current, and forecast
expected, outcomes for a variety of activities on forest land. The forest professional is therefore
well positioned to provide advice and caution regarding activities to the appropriate regulatory
body and to other authorities.
Standards 9(a) and (b) provide a series of tests that must be met before the ethical obligation to
report is required by registrants. The trigger for the reporting requirement is the risk of
significant harm.
Conditional tests that must exist to follow through on the trigger:
i. a personal knowledge of the continued carrying on of the regulated practice of a
registrant or by another person;
ii. a specialized knowledge of the potential outcomes of the regulated practice; and
iii. a belief based on reasonable and probable grounds.
The Office of the Superintendent of Professional Governance (OSPG) provides direction
regarding the PGA on its website. The OSPG has posted Duty to Report Guidance (July 14, 2022),
which defines the following terms (among others):
i. “harm to the environment” means damage or detriment to "external conditions
affecting the growth of plants and animals" or other adverse consequences;
ii. “significant” means a noticeably or measurably large amount;
iii. “regulated practice” means the carrying on of a profession by a registrant of a
regulatory body.
The OSPG guidance further describes the test or standard for reasonable and probable grounds.
The test considers what a reasonable person would conclude based on objective and credible
information. Registrants are not required to establish a case on the face of the observation
before reporting or lodging a complaint with the regulatory body or other authority. However,
the test also expects reports be made in good faith and not used as a tactic for delay or other
improper purpose.
For additional information see OSPG Guidance: Duty to Report and Reprisal Protection (July
2022).
69 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 9(b)
70 Guidance is intended to apply to both 9(a) and 9(b).
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Standard 9, Object C – Report Misconduct of a Registrant to FPBC
“Registrants must report to FPBC any other concern described in Standard 6(c) or 8(e)
about the practice, competence or conduct of another registrant that it is not possible or
appropriate to raise directly with the other registrant, or that cannot appropriately be
resolved with the other registrant in accordance with Standard 6(c) or 8(e).”71
Guidelines for Interpretation
Where a registrant’s concerns cannot be addressed under Standards 6(c) or 8(e), the registrant
must report to Forest Professionals BC using the complaints process outlined on the FPBC
website.
Registrants are expected to make efforts to resolve professional concerns with another
registrant prior to lodging a formal complaint. Registrants are encouraged to discuss unresolved
concerns with the Practice Advisory Program before lodging a complaint to ensure all
requirements and conditions are met.
Formal complaints must be made in writing using the Notice of Complaint Form found on the
Forest Professionals BC website and include supporting documentation.
71 Bylaw 9, Schedule A, Standard 9(c)
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4. Appendix
Note: Some of the listed reference materials are dated (more than 10-years-old). While they still
provide valuable and useful concepts, registrants should note that the social environment in
which they currently work may have shifted since these materials were created.
A Description of Non-Statutory Expectations and the Practice of Professional Forestry
(September 2012)
Part of the Non-Statutory Expectations Series created by Forest Professionals BC when it
operated as the Association of BC Forest Professionals. This document provides guidance for
forest professionals on navigating non-statutory expectations (NSEs), emphasizing the
importance of applying expertise to achieve positive outcomes while adhering to legal
obligations and maintaining public trust.
Applying Obligations to Weigh & Balance in Professional Service (September 2012)
Part of the Non-Statutory Expectations Series created by Forest Professionals BC when it
operated as the Association of BC Forest Professionals. This document guides forest
professionals in fulfilling their ethical obligations by balancing environmental, economic, and
cultural considerations, exercising independent judgment, and aligning with both legal and
societal expectations to support sustainable forest management and maintain public trust.
Due Diligence Defence under FRPA and the Role of Professional Service (November 2012)
Part of the Non-Statutory Expectations Series created by Forest Professionals BC when it
operated as the Association of BC Forest Professionals. This document guides forest
professionals in supporting a due diligence defence under the Forest and Range Practices Act
(FRPA) by ensuring clear responsibilities, thorough documentation and quality management to
maintain compliance and public trust.
Foundations of Professional Forestry (December 2024)
Highlights the duty of forest professionals to consistently uphold the public interest by applying
sound judgment, maintaining ethical standards, demonstrating independence, and being
accountable in practice. It offers foundational guidance aligned with the Professional
Governance Act (PGA) and FPBC Bylaws to help registrants meet evolving professional
expectations with integrity and competence.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Guidance for Professional Quality Field Work (March 2021)
Outlines best practices for conducting scientifically sound, legally compliant, and accurate field
work in forestry, emphasizing thorough preparation, data collection, analysis, and
communication to ensure reliable forest management decisions.
Professional Quality Rationales (June 2025)
Emphasizes the importance of forest professionals providing clear, written rationales for their
decisions to ensure transparency, accountability, and public trust in forest management
practices.
Guidance for Supervising the Practice of Professional Forestry (September 2021)
Provides guidance for forest professionals in British Columbia on supervising timber harvesting
operations, emphasizing risk-based monitoring, pre-work conferences, adherence to site-level
plans, and procedures for addressing unforeseen events to ensure responsible and compliant
forestry practices.
Interpreting the Publics’ Interests (May 2002)
Outlines the responsibility of forest professionals to uphold the public interest through ethical,
competent, and sustainable practice by engaging diverse stakeholders and balancing ecological,
economic, and social values, particularly when government direction is lacking.
OSPG Guidance: Duty to Report and Reprisal Protection (July 2022)
Issued by the Office of the Superintendent of Professional Governance (OSPG), this document
outlines registrants' responsibilities under the Professional Governance Act (PGA), emphasizing
the duty to report harmful conduct and offering protections against reprisals to ensure
accountability and uphold professional integrity.
Principles of Forest Stewardship (March 2021)
This document outlines seven core principles to support ethical, sustainable forestry, helping
professionals maintain ecosystem resilience, uphold public trust, and align with legal and ethical
obligations.
Code of Ethical and Professional Conduct
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Scope of Practice for Registered Forest Technologists (November 2010)
Outlines the defined areas of independent practice for Registered Forest Technologists (RFTs) in
British Columbia, detailing their roles, responsibilities, and limitations within the professional
forestry framework.
Standards of Review – excerpted from the Professional Accountability Workshop (1999)
Outlines criteria for evaluating the quality and professionalism of forest management plans,
emphasizing clear objectives, thorough analysis, and adherence to established standards.
