Confidence Report: Solar for Trucks and Trailers PDF Free Download
1 / 65/65
100%
!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'!
!
!
!
!
!
+,-./01-+1!213,245!
6789:!;7:!4:#<=>!!
9$?!4:9@8%:>!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
AB642A+4!4C@>! :%D7:E! ?7<#F%$E>! EC%!
<7$;@?%$<%!EC9E!-7:EC!AF%:@<9$!+89>>!'!E:#<=@$G!
>C7#8?!C9H%!@$!>789:!E%<C$787GIJ!4C%!>E#?I!E%9F!
%$G9G%?! K@EC! EC%! %$E@:%! @$?#>E:I! @$! G%$%:9E@$G!
EC%! ;@$?@$G>! EC9E! 9:%! D:%>%$E%?! C%:%J! 4C9$=>! E7!
988! 7;! EC7>%! KC7! <7$E:@L#E%?! E7! EC@>! @FD7:E9$E!
K7:=J!!
-,24M! AN12/+A-! +,O-+/P! .,2! .21/QM4!
1../+1/-+R(! S-A+.1T! @>! 9! $7$D:7;@E! 7:G9$@U9E@7$!
?%?@<9E%?! E7! ?7#L8@$G! EC%! ;:%@GCE! %;;@<@%$<I! 7;!
-7:EC! AF%:@<9$! G77?>! F7H%F%$EJ! -A+.1!
7D%:9E%>! 9>! 9! $7$D:7;@E! @$! 7:?%:! E7! D:7H@?%! 9$!
@$?%D%$?%$E(! #$L@9>%?! :%>%9:<C! 7:G9$@U9E@7$! ;7:!
EC%!E:9$>;7:F9E@7$!7;!EC%!E:9$>D7:E9E@7$!@$?#>E:IJ!
09E9!@>!<:@E@<98(! 9$?! -A+.1! @>! D:7H@$G!E7!C%8D! EC%!
@$?#>E:I! K@EC! :%98VK7:8?! @$;7:F9E@7$! EC9E! ;8%%E>!
<9$! #>%! E7! E9=%! 9<E@7$J! /$! &)*W(! -A+.1!
<7889L7:9E%?!K@EC!+9:L7$!X9:!277F(!;7#$?%?!LI!
6@:! 2@<C9:?! B:9$>7$! 9$?! $7K! 9! D9:E! 7;! 27<=I!
N7#$E9@$!/$>E@E#E%(!E7!?%8@H%:!E778>!9$?!:%D7:E>!E7!
@FD:7H%! E:#<=@$G! %;;@<@%$<IJ!! P%9:$! F7:%!
9E!KKKJ$9<;%J7:GJ!!
!
!
Y!&)*'!-7:EC!AF%:@<9$!+7#$<@8!;7:!.:%@GCE!1;;@<@%$<IJ!A88!:@GCE>!:%>%:H%?J!
4C%!<7$E%$E>!7;!EC@>!?7<#F%$E!9:%!D:7H@?%?!;7:!@$;7:F9E@7$98!D#:D7>%>!7$8I!9$?!?7!$7E!<7$>E@E#E%!9$!%$?7:>%F%$E!7;!
9$I!D:7?#<E(!>%:H@<%(!@$?#>E:I!D:9<E@<%(!>%:H@<%!D:7H@?%:(!F9$#;9<E#:%:(!7:!F9$#;9<E#:@$G!D:7<%>>J!-7EC@$G!<7$E9@$%?!
C%:%@$!@>!@$E%$?%?!E7!<7$>E@E#E%!8%G98(!E9Z(!7:!9<<7#$E@$G!9?H@<%(!9$?!-A+.1!9>>#F%>!$7!8@9L@8@EI!;7:!#>%!7;!EC%!:%D7:E!
<7$E%$E>J!-7!D7:E@7$!7;!EC@>!:%D7:E!7:!9<<7FD9$I@$G!F9E%:@98>!F9I!L%!<7D@%?(!:%D:7?#<%?(!7:!?@>E:@L#E%?!@$!9$I!F9$$%:!
K@EC7#E!%ZD:%>>!9EE:@L#E@7$!E7!EC%!-7:EC!AF%:@<9$!+7#$<@8!;7:!.:%@GCE!1;;@<@%$<IJ!
!
!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'!
Acknowledgements:/
/
Study/Team:/
[%H@$!,EE7(!-A+.1!6E#?I!4%<C$@<98!P%9?!
"%>>@%!P#$?(!27<=I!N7#$E9@$!/$>E@E#E%!.:%@GCE!9$?!4:9$>D7:E!3:7G:9F!N9$9G%:!
N@=%!27%EC(!-A+.1!1Z%<#E@H%!0@:%<E7:!
/
Study/Editor:/
0%$@>%!27$?@$@(!-A+.1!9$?!27$?@$@!+7FF#$@<9E@7$>!
/
Payback/Calculator/Designer:/
Isaac Toussie, Rocky Mountain Institute
!
!
NACFE/Technical/Advisory/Committee:/
4@F!0U7\=7!A@:!3:7?#<E>!
B:#<%!6E7<=E7$(!6E7<=E7$!678#E@7$>!
6E%H%!,:L9$>=@(!B@>7$!4:9$>D7:E!
B@88!B:%$E9:(!O36!
29$?I!+7:$%88(!+./!
Q#I!X%8E7$(!X%:$%:!
"7C$!]%>%I(!M@:><CL9<C!
N@=%!27%EC(!-A+.1!
09$!0%DD%8%:(!39D%:!4:9$>D7:E!
09H@?!6<C988%:(!-A+.1!
[%$!N9:=7(!3%D>@+7!
R#$>#!39:=(!-A+.1!
1U%8!B98E98@(!2I?%:!6I>E%F!/$<J!
2@<=!N@C%8@<(!-A+.1!
6E%H%!"9:7>@$>=@(!6<C$%@?%:!
!
!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
!
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE/SUMMARY/......................................................................................................................../5!
INTRODUCTION/................................................................................................................................/11!
-A+.1_6!+,-./01-+1!213,246!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!*^!
41+M-,P,Q/16!+,-6/01210!/-!4M/6!+,-./01-+1!213,24!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!*^!
N14M,0,P,QR!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!*W!
Preliminary!Study!Questions!Used!in!Study!Team!Interviews!...........................................................!14!
BACKGROUND/ON/SOLAR/................................................................................................................./14!
XMR!6,PA2`!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!*W!
6,PA2!6R641N6!.,2!42O+[6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!*a!
Truck!Electrical!System!and!Solar!Panel!Basics!.................................................................................!19!
Understanding!Solar!Panel!Output!...................................................................................................!24!
Voltage!Regulation!Systems!.............................................................................................................!29!
SOLAR/AS/APPLIED/TO/TRUCKS/........................................................................................................../32!
42A+4,2!A33P/+A4/,-6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!^&!
Battery!HVAC!Support!.......................................................................................................................!33!
Hotel!Load!Support!...........................................................................................................................!38!
42A/P12!A33P/+A4/,-6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!W)!
Liftgate!Support!................................................................................................................................!42!
Refrigeration!and!Telematics!Support!..............................................................................................!44!
BEST/PRACTICES/................................................................................................................................/47!
42A+4,26!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!Wb!
Purchase!decision:!............................................................................................................................!47!
Managing!tractor!solar!panels!once!purchased:!..............................................................................!48!
42A/P126!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!W'!
Purchase!decision:!............................................................................................................................!48!
Managing!trailer!solar!panels!once!purchased:!................................................................................!49!
COMPLEMENTARY/TECHNOLOGIES/.................................................................................................../50!
BA4412R!M]A+6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c)!
1P1+42/+!42O+[6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c)!
PERSPECTIVES/ON/FUTURE/SYSTEMS/................................................................................................./50!
421-06!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c)!
Driver!Attraction!and!Retention!........................................................................................................!50!
Lack!of!Data!......................................................................................................................................!51!
3,P/+/16!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c*!
Hours!of!Service!Regulations!............................................................................................................!51!
Solar!Investment!Tax!Credit!(ITC)!......................................................................................................!52!
Solar!Tariffs!.......................................................................................................................................!52!
312631+4/]16!,-!.O4O21!6R641N6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c&!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Improved!technologies!......................................................................................................................!52!
Electrification!....................................................................................................................................!52!
Trade!Cycles!......................................................................................................................................!53!
CONCLUSIONS/AND/CONFIDENCE/RATING/........................................................................................./53!
+,-./01-+1!2A4/-Q!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c^!
[1R!+,-+PO6/,-6!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!c^!
-1d4!64136!A-0!.O24M12!2161A2+M!JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!cW!
APPENDIX/A:/PAYBACK/CALCULATOR/................................................................................................/56!
APPENDIX/B:/LIST/OF/SOLAR/SYSTEM/SUPPLIERS/.............................................................................../63!
REFERENCES/....................................................................................................................................../65!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! c!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Executive Summary
The fuel costs faced by the trucking industry are a
significant part of the expense to operate a tractor-trailer
in North America. Over the past decade fuel has been as
high as $0.65 per mile driven and then dropped to $0.34
by 2016. At these two points, fuel costs accounted for 39%
and 21% of the total cost of operating a commercial vehicle
respectively. The price per gallon for diesel as of June 2018
has now risen to around $3.28 per gallon ($0.48 per mile)
from the 2017 yearly average of $2.65.
In addition, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (US EPA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) have enacted greenhouse gas
emissions regulations on commercial vehicles extended
to 2030 that require manufacturers to develop and sell
technologies to improve efficiency. These factors have
driven fleets, manufacturers, and others to improve the
efficiency of over-the-road tractor-trailers.
Fortunately, myriad technologies that can cost-effectively
improve the fuel efficiency of Class 8 trucks are readily
available on the market today. Unfortunately, multiple
barriers have stymied industry adoption of such
technologies, including a lack of data about the true
performance gains these technologies offer, and a lack
of confidence in the payback for investment into these
technologies. To overcome those barriers and facilitate
the industry’s trust in and adoption of the most promising
cleaner operating technologies, the North American
Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE) produces a series of
SOLAR FOR TRUCKS AND TRAILERS
© 2018 North American Council for Freight Efficiency. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided
for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of any product, service, industry practice,
service provider, manufacturer, or manufacturing process. Nothing contained herein is intended to constitute legal,
tax, or accounting advice, and NACFE assumes no liability for use of the report contents. No portion of this report or
accompanying materials may be copied, reproduced, or distributed in any manner without express attribution to the
North American Council for Freight Efficiency.
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
CONFIDENCE REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SOLAR FOR TRUCKS AND TRAILERS
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! a!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
Confidence Reports, of which this report on solar for trucks
and trailers is the sixteenth.
Interest in solar panels is growing among fleet managers
because truck batteries are often no longer able to meet
the power needs of today’s trucks due to increased driver
comfort demands, idle reduction regulations, and increased
tracking requirements. However, because solar
photovoltaic (PV) panels are so new to the trucking industry,
many are unsure how to calculate payback when
considering investing. The goals of this Confidence Report
are to: (a) explain solar applications for trucks and trailers,
(b)describe considerations to take into account when
evaluating whether to invest in solar panels, and (c) create
awareness about the major trends driving and influencing
the field of solar technologies as applied to trucks.
TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN
THIS CONFIDENCE REPORT
This report only considers solar panels and associated
systems that are currently available on the market for
over-the-road applications. The panels differ a great deal
from the “traditional” panels many are used to seeing
in residential, community garden, or even utility-scale
applications. Whereas those panels tend to be rigid and
thick, the solar panels designed for the trucking industry
are flexible, thin, lightweight, and capable of being affixed
to the curves of a tractor fairing. The panels designed for
trucks are also specially designed to handle more than
the standard hailstorm—with most products capable of
surviving intense vibration and thermal cycling, branches,
and even truck washes.
SOLAR APPLICATIONS FOR TRUCKS
Solar panels have applications both on the tractor and the
trailer. The roof fairing of the tractor has historically gone
unused and has ideal access to sunlight. The main uses of
solar on tractors are to supplement battery HVAC systems
and hotel loads without adding additional batteries.
Battery HVAC support: Battery HVAC systems have
gained popularity thanks to increased driver comfort
demands, idle reduction regulations and noise ordinances
across the country, and reduced maintenance and
operational costs (compared to engine-based systems).
Solar panels can extend the runtime of battery HVAC
systems, not only to help the HVAC system make it through
the night without draining the truck’s batteries, but also
to reduce the load on the alternator the next morning,
resulting in fuel savings. The solar system can extend
the life of the batteries and dramatically reduce, if not
completely eliminate, costly roadside assistance calls for
dead batteries.
METHODOLOGIES
This report’s conclusions were generated through desk
research and interviews with solar panel and cabin
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning suppliers;
tractor and trailer builders; and many large and small
fleets with experience using solar. The study team also
used the spring 2018 truck shows to meet with and
learn from many of the key industry stakeholders.
02
CONFIDENCE REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SOLAR FOR TRUCKS AND TRAILERS
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! b!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! '!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! e!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
extra electrical loads like telematics, refrigeration units,
and liftgates make sense as a means of improving battery
life and reducing the need for roadside assistance. This is
especially true if the trailer spends long periods without
being attached to a tractor. And the opportunity to extend
the run time of battery HVAC systems makes installing solar
for battery HVAC support a good solution.
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
After years of development globally and in North America,
the status of solar systems for the trucking industry today
and for the future can be summarized in four key messages:
1. Solar technology for trucks has progressed to the
point where the panels on the market are flexible, thin,
easily installed, and reliable. Some applications, like
supporting the batteries for trailer telematics systems,
are an excellent application of the technology and should
be strongly considered for future purchases. For other
applications of solar technology, the cost versus benefits
should be evaluated to see if it makes sense in the
specific application.
05
2. Fuel savings are generally a very small part of the overall
benefit that comes from a solar panel installation.
3. Solar panel installations need to be sized appropriately
for their intended application. For example, the size
of a solar panel to support a battery HVAC system
on a tractor might be limited by the area available on
the tractor fairing, whereas a solar panel to support
a refrigeration unit only needs to be large enough to
provide a small trickle charge to the refrigeration unit
starting battery.
4. We don’t yet have hard evidence from fleets that the
payback from the investment in solar panels matches
that claimed by the manufacturers. We have verified
that the benefits fall in several categories with the
biggest benefits being from extending battery life
and avoiding emergency roadside assistance for
dead batteries. Many fleet users are happy with the
investment they made and intend to continue to use
solar panels in the future.
CONFIDENCE REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SOLAR FOR TRUCKS AND TRAILERS
“Frequently drivers would have issues with short run times on battery
powered APUs. On many occasions drivers would find the battery
bank wasn’t fully charged at the beginning of their rest period,
however with the addition of the solar panel the battery banks were
ready when they were needed. The solar is also tied to the battery
start bank which lessened the need for jump starts and service calls within the fleet.”
-Allan Dahringer, MVT Director of Maintenance
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
NACFE
The North American Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE)
is a nonprofit organization dedicated to doubling the freight
efficiency of North American goods movement. NACFE
operates as a nonprofit in order to provide an independent,
unbiased research organization for the transformation of the
transportation industry. Data is critical and NACFE is proving
to help the industry with real-world information that fleets
can use to take action. In 2014, NACFE collaborated with
Carbon War Room, founded by Sir Richard Branson and now
a part of RMI, to deliver tools and reports to improve trucking
efficiency. These reports include a series of Confidence
Reports that detail the solutions that exist, highlight the
benefits and consequences of each, and deliver decision-
making tools for fleets, manufacturers, and others. As of
early 2018, NACFE and RMI have completed 16 such reports
covering nearly all the 85 technologies available.
www.nacfe.org
GET INVOLVED
NACFE provides an exciting opportunity for
fleets, manufacturers, and other trucking industry
stakeholders.
Learn more at: www.nacfe.org
Or contact: Mike Roeth at mike.roeth@nacfe.org
ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE
Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)—an independent nonprofit
founded in 1982—transforms global energy use to create a
clean, prosperous, and secure low-carbon future. It engages
businesses, communities, institutions, and entrepreneurs to
accelerate the adoption of market-based solutions that cost-
effectively shift from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables.
RMI has offices in Basalt and Boulder, Colorado; New York
City; Washington, D.C.; and Beijing.
www.rmi.org
R
O
C
K
Y
M
O
U
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
S
T
I
T
U
T
E
06
For tractor solar panel applications involving sleeper
cabs equipped with or without battery HVAC systems, we
recommend using the payback calculator provided with
this Confidence Report to help evaluate whether a system
makes sense. This tool allows fleets, manufacturers, and
anyone else to input various fleet-specific data into a
calculator that economizes the benefits and consequences
for specific operating practices.
Typical solar panel expected life is generally longer than
the typical large fleet trade cycle for tractors and, to a
lesser degree, trailers. Currently, the installation methods
do not allow the transfer of a solar panel from one vehicle
to another economically. If a solar panel installation could
be easily transferred from one truck to another, it could be
an advantage for the overall fleet investment. There could
be improvements over time where solar panels could be
incorporated into the fairings and trailer roofs to make the
installation cleaner and less expensive.
NACFE is always seeking to expand the data or case
studies that we can provide to the industry. We invite
you to share your own experiences with solar for trucks.
CONFIDENCE REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SOLAR FOR TRUCKS AND TRAILERS
“Sitting here at the dock, in the hot
sun, having solar power to keep my
batteries charged and have the air
conditioning inside the cab works out
very nice since the addition of the
[solar] system to my truck. It’s quite a
contrast to the other trucks that are
sitting here in the hot sun with their
trucks idling away and not managing
to save fuel while they’re sitting at the
dock. It’s quite an advantage to use
the sun itself to keep you cool.”
–Henry Albert, Owner Operator,
Albert Transport, Inc.
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! **!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Introduction
4C@>!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E!;7:F>!D9:E!7;!EC%!<7$E@$#%?!K7:=!7;!EC%!-7:EC!AF%:@<9$!+7#$<@8!;7:!.:%@GCE!
1;;@<@%$<I!S-A+.1T!C@GC8@GCE@$G!EC%!D7E%$E@98!7;!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<I!E%<C$787G@%>!9$?!D:9<E@<%>!@$!7H%:VEC%V
:79?!S,42T!G77?>!F7H%F%$EJ!3:@7:!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E>!9$?!@$@E@98!;@$?@$G>!7$!$%9:8I!'c!9H9@89L8%!
E%<C$787G@%>!<9$!L%!;7#$?!9E!KKKJ$9<;%J7:GJ!!
4C%!;#%8!<7>E>!;9<%?!LI!EC%!E:9<E7:VE:9@8%:!@$?#>E:I!C9H%!L%%$!>K@;E8I!9$?!>E%9?@8I!:@>@$G!7H%:!EC%!D9>E!
?%<9?%!S.@G#:%!*T(!K@EC!?@%>%8!:%<%$E8I!>#:D9>>@$G!f^!D%:!G9887$J!A>!.@G#:%!&!>C7K>(!;#%8!<7>E>!9:%!$7K!
9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!f)J^W!D%:!F@8%(!EC%!>%<7$?!89:G%>E!%ZD%$>%!;7:!;8%%E>(!L%C@$?!7$8I!?:@H%:!K9G%>J!4C%!
D:@<%!D%:!G9887$!;7:!?@%>%8!9>!7;!"#$%!&)*'!C9>!$7K!:@>%$!E7!9:7#$?!f^J&'!D%:!G9887$!Sf)JW'!D%:!F@8%T!
;:7F!EC%!&)*b!I%9:8I!9H%:9G%!7;!f&JacJ!!A$?!988!@$?@<9E@7$>!9:%!EC9E!;#%8!D:@<%>!K@88!<7$E@$#%!E7!L%!
H789E@8%(!EC#>!EC%!@$?#>E:I!@>!@$!$%%?!7;!>78#E@7$>!EC9E!:%?#<%!@E>!;#%8!?%D%$?%$<I!@;!@E!@>!E7!>E9I!
D:7;@E9L8%J!
!
.@G#:%!*5!O6!0@%>%8!.#%8!3:@<%>!
!
.@G#:%!&5!4:#<=@$G!,D%:9E@7$98!+7>E>!!
S67#:<%5!AF%:@<9$!4:9$>D7:E9E@7$!2%>%9:<C!/$>E@E#E%*T!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
/$H%>EF%$E!@$E7!D:7H%$!E%<C$787G@%>!9$?!D:9<E@<%>!EC9E!9887K!9!E:#<=!7:!;8%%E!E7!@$<:%9>%!EC%@:!;#%8!
%;;@<@%$<I!g!F%9$@$G!EC9E!EC%I!<9$!?7!EC%!>9F%!9F7#$E!7;!L#>@$%>>!KC@8%!>D%$?@$G!8%>>!7$!;#%8!g!@>!9!
C#G%8I!D:7F@>@$G!7DE@7$!;7:!EC%!@$?#>E:I!@$!8@GCE!7;!EC@>!E:%$?J!!
47!#$?%:>E9$?(!9$?!EC%:%LI!L%EE%:!;9<@8@E9E%(!EC%!#DE9=%!7;!>#<C!E%<C$787G@%>(!-A+.1!<7$?#<E>!9$!
9$$#98!:%H@%K(!EC%!h.8%%E!.#%8!6E#?I(i!7;!EC%!@$?#>E:IVK@?%!9?7DE@7$!:9E%>!7;!$%9:8I!'c!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<I!
E%<C$787G@%>!<#::%$E8I!9H9@89L8%!;7:!+89>>!'!E:9<E7:>!9$?!E:9@8%:>J!4C@>!K7:=(!9H9@89L8%!7$!EC%!
KKKJ$9<;%J7:G!K%L>@E%(!C9>!L%%$!<988%?!hEC%!F7>E!<7FD:%C%$>@H%!>E#?I!7;!+89>>!'!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<I!
9?7DE@7$!%H%:!<7$?#<E%?Ji!S4:#<=!-%K>(!&)*&T!
!
!
.@G#:%!^5!.8%%E!.#%8!6E#?I!39:E@<@D9$E>!
!
4C%!D:@F9:I!;@$?@$G!7;!EC%!F7>E!:%<%$E!.8%%E!.#%8!6E#?I(!<7FD8%E%?!@$!&)*b(!@>!EC9E!;8%%E>!9:%!@$<:%9>@$G!
EC%@:!:9E%!7;!9?7DE@7$!7;!EC%>%!E%<C$787G@%>!9$?!EC9E!EC%I!9:%!%$\7I@$G!@FD:7H%?!;#%8!%<7$7FI!9>!9!
:%>#8EJ!4C%!7H%:988!9?7DE@7$!:9E%!;7:!EC%!E%<C$787G@%>!>E#?@%?!@$!EC@>!:%D7:E!C9>!G:7K$!;:7F!*bj!@$!&))^!
E7!W&j!@$!&)*aJ!!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
4C%!;8%%EVK@?%!9H%:9G%!%;;@<@%$<I!;7:!EC%>%!;8%%E>!@$!&)*a!:%9<C%?!bJ**!FDG(!9!*j!@FD:7H%F%$E!7H%:!
EC%!>9F%!;8%%E!@$!&)*c(!9!*)EC!<7$>%<#E@H%!I%9:!%;;@<@%$<I!@FD:7H%?J!
4C%!*e!;8%%E>!>#:H%I%?(!:%D:%>%$E@$G!L7EC!:%G@7$98!9$?!87$GVC9#8!E:9<E7:>!9$?!E:9@8%:>(!@$!L7EC!?:I!G77?>!
9$?!:%;:@G%:9E%?!<9:G7!F7H%F%$E(!9$?!L79>E@$G!9!<7FL@$%?!@$H%$E7:I!7;!b*(*&W!E:#<=>!>9H%?!
fWee(&ac(&&a!@$!&)*a!<7FD9:%?!E7!EC%!$9E@7$98!9H%:9G%!7;!988!E:#<=>!7$!EC%!:79?J!
NACFE’s Confidence Reports
-A+.1_>!.8%%E!.#%8!6E#?@%>!D:7H@?%!#>%;#8!@$>@GCE>!@$E7!9?7DE@7$!E:%$?>!@$!EC%!@$?#>E:I(!9>!K%88!9>!@$E7!
EC%!>D%<@;@<!D:9<E@<%>!7;!?@;;%:%$E!F9\7:!;8%%E>J!-A+.1!C7D%>!EC9E!EC@>!@$;7:F9E@7$!<7#8?!987$%!>D#:!
9??@E@7$98!@$H%>EF%$E(!D9:E@<#89:8I!LI!;8%%E>!EC9E!F9I!L%!89GG@$G!L%C@$?!EC%!7H%:988!@$?#>E:I!KC%$!@E!
<7F%>!E7!<%:E9@$!K@?%8I!9?7DE%?!E%<C$787G@%>J!M7K%H%:(!@$!EC%!<7#:>%!7;!<7$?#<E@$G!EC%!>E#?@%>(!@E!
L%<9F%!<8%9:!EC9E!>7F%!E%<C$787G@%>!9:%!>E@88!7$8I!L%@$G!9?7DE%?!LI!EC%!F7>E!D:7G:%>>@H%!7:!@$$7H9E@H%!
7;!;8%%E>!@$!>D@E%!7;!EC%@:!>C7K@$G!>E:7$G!D7E%$E@98!;7:!9<C@%H@$G!<7>EV%;;%<E@H%!G9@$>!@$!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<IJ!/$!
7:?%:!E7!;9<@8@E9E%!EC%!K@?%:!@$?#>E:I_>!E:#>E!@$!9$?!9?7DE@7$!7;!>#<C!E%<C$787G@%>(!-A+.1!L%G9$!EC@>!
>%:@%>!7;!:%D7:E>(!<988%?!h+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E>(i!KC@<C!K@88!E9=%!9$!@$V?%DEC!877=!9E!EC7>%!F7>EVD:7F@>@$G!
L#E!8%9>EV9?7DE%?!E%<C$787G@%>!7$%VLIV7$%J!!
+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E>!D:7H@?%!9!<7$<@>%!@$E:7?#<E@7$!E7!9!D:7F@>@$G!<9E%G7:I!7;!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<I!
E%<C$787G@%>(!<7H%:@$G!=%I!?%E9@8>!7;!EC%@:!9DD8@<9E@7$>(!L%$%;@E>(!9$?!H9:@9L8%>J!4C%!:%D7:E>!9:%!
D:7?#<%?!H@9!9!?9E9!F@$@$G!D:7<%>>!EC9E!L7EC!<7FL>!D#L8@<!@$;7:F9E@7$!9$?!<788%<E>!7EC%:K@>%VD:@H9E%!
@$;7:F9E@7$!SKC@<C!@>!>C9:%?!K@EC!-A+.1!;7:!EC%!D#:D7>%!7;!EC%!:%D7:E>T(!@$!7:?%:!E7!<%$E:98@U%!9$!
#$D9:988%8%?!:9$G%!7;!E%>E@$G!?9E9!9$?!<9>%!>E#?@%>!7$!9!G@H%$!E%<C$787GI!>%EJ!!
6789:!D9$%8>!9:%!7$%!>#<C!E%<C$787GI!>%EJ!4C%!<7:%!7L\%<E@H%!7;!EC@>!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E(!EC%:%;7:%(!@>!E7!
D:7H@?%!EC%!8%9?%:>C@D!7;!;8%%E>!K@EC!9!<7FD:%C%$>@H%!7H%:H@%K!7;!EC%!E7E98!<7>E!7;!7K$%:>C@D!;7:!>789:!
D9$%8>!;7:!@FD:7H%?!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<IJ!A>!EC@>!:%D7:E!K@88!?%F7$>E:9E%(!EC%:%!9:%!F9$I!S>7F%E@F%>!
<7FD%E@$GT!;9<E7:>!EC9E!9!;8%%E!F#>E!K%@GC!@$!@E>!?%<@>@7$VF9=@$G!D:7<%>>!;7:!>789:!D#:<C9>@$GJ!4C@>!
:%D7:E!EC%:%;7:%!?7%>!$7E!<7$<8#?%!K@EC!9!G#@?%!7;!KC@<C!>789:!D9$%8>!K@88!L%!:@GCE!;7:!KC@<C!;8%%E>(!L#E!
:9EC%:!K@EC!9!?%<@>@7$!<98<#89E7:!EC9E!;8%%E>!<9$!#>%!9>!EC%I!9>>%>>!EC%@:!7K$!?#EI!<I<8%>(!L#>@$%>>!
F7?%8>(!>#DD8@%:!:%89E@7$>C@D>(!9$?!7EC%:!<7$>@?%:9E@7$>J!!
4C%!>#$_>!%$%:GI!F9I!L%!;:%%(!L#E!EC%!;#%8!%<7$7FI!L%$%;@E>!7;!7D%:9E@$G!E:9<E7:>!9$?!E:9@8%:>!K@EC!EC%!
D9$%8>!<9D9L8%!7;!<9DE#:@$G!@E!F#>E!L%!<7FD9:%?!9G9@$>E!;9<E7:>!@$<8#?@$G!E7E98!%$%:GI!D:7?#<%?(!;#%8!
>9H%?(!K%9:kD9$%8!8@;%(!9$?!9!;8%%E_>!E7E98!%$%:GI!D:7;@8%!KC%$!?%E%:F@$@$G!EC%!E7E98!<7>E!7;!7K$%:>C@D!
7;!EC%!D9$%8>J!!!
]@>@E!KKKJ$9<;%J7:G!E7!H@%K!EC@>!9$?!7EC%:!<7FD8%E%?!:%D7:E>!7$!7H%:!'c!%;;@<@%$<I!E%<C$787G@%>!;7:!
+89>>!'!E:9<E7:!E:9@8%:>J!-A+.1!C9>!98>7!L%G#$!E7!G#@?%!;#E#:%!<C9$G%>!LI!<7FD8%E@$G!Q#@?9$<%!2%D7:E>!
7$!%F%:G@$G!E%<C$787G@%>!>#<C!9>!%8%<E:@<!E:#<=>J!
Technologies Considered in this Confidence Report
4C@>!:%D7:E!7$8I!<7$>@?%:>!>789:!D9$%8>!EC9E!9:%!<#::%$E8I!9H9@89L8%!7$!EC%!F9:=%E!;7:!7H%:VEC%V:79?!
9DD8@<9E@7$>J!4C%>%!D9$%8>!?@;;%:!9!G:%9E!?%98!;:7F!EC%!hE:9?@E@7$98i!D9$%8>!F9$I!9:%!#>%?!E7!>%%@$G!@$!
:%>@?%$E@98(!<7FF#$@EI!G9:?%$(!7:!%H%$!#E@8@EIV><98%!9DD8@<9E@7$>J!XC%:%9>!EC7>%!D9$%8>!E%$?!E7!L%!:@G@?!
9$?!EC@<=(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!?%>@G$%?!;7:!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!9:%!98F7>E!988!;8%Z@L8%(!EC@$(!8@GCEK%@GCE(!
9$?!<9D9L8%!7;!L%@$G!9;;@Z%?!E7!EC%!<#:H%>!7;!9!E:9<E7:!;9@:@$GJ!4C%!D9$%8>!?%>@G$%?!;7:!E:#<=>!9:%!98>7!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *W!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
>D%<@988I!?%>@G$%?!E7!C9$?8%!F7:%!EC9$!EC%!>E9$?9:?!C9@8>E7:F!g!K@EC!F7>E!D:7?#<E>!<9D9L8%!7;!
>#:H@H@$G!@$E%$>%!H@L:9E@7$!9$?!EC%:F98!<I<8@$G(!L:9$<C%>(!9$?!I%>(!%H%$!E:#<=!K9>C%>J!!
XC@8%!K%!?@?!:%H@%K!D9$%8>!K@EC!?@;;%:%$E!<%88!9$?!<7$$%<E@7$!E%<C$787G@%>!;7:!EC@>!:%D7:E!SKC@<C!K%!
K@88!E7#<C!7$!L:@%;8I!89E%:T(!EC%!F9@$!?@>E@$G#@>C@$G!;9<E7:!L%EK%%$!D9$%8>!@>!EC%@:!K9EE9G%J/
Methodology
-A+.1_>!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E>!9:%!:%>%9:<C%?!LI!9$!#$L@9>%?!E%9F!7;!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!%ZD%:E>J!.7:!EC@>!
:%D7:E!EC%!<7:%!>E#?I!E%9F!@$<8#?%?5
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *c!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
<7F;7:E!?%F9$?>(!$%K!9$E@V@?8@$G!8%G@>89E@7$(!9$?!@$<:%9>%?!E:9<=@$G!:%m#@:%F%$E>(!EC%!F9@$!E:#<=!
L9EE%:I!@>!7;E%$!$7!87$G%:!9L8%!E7!F%%E!EC%!D7K%:!$%%?>!7;!E7?9I_>!E:#<=J!!
1$E%:!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!XC@8%!>789:!D9$%8>!C9H%!L%%$!#>%?!;7:!?%<9?%>!E7!D:7?#<%!D7K%:!;7:!:%>@?%$E@98!
9$?!<7FF%:<@98!L#@8?@$G>(!EC%@:!9DD8@<9E@7$!E7!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!@>!F#<C!F7:%!:%<%$EJ!M7K%H%:(!EC%!
D9$%8>!L#@8E!;7:!E:#<=>!E7?9I!C9H%!<%:E9@$8I!E9=%$!9?H9$E9G%!7;!EC%!@FF%$>%8I!:%?#<%?!<7>E>!9$?!
@$<:%9>%>!E7!%;;@<@%$<I!EC9E!K%:%!G9@$%?!EC9$=>!E7!:%>@?%$E@98!9$?!<7FF%:<@98!?%D87IF%$EJ!!A$?!$7K!
EC9E!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%!D9$%8>!C9>!<7F%!?7K$!>7!?:9F9E@<988I(!;8%%E>!9:%!>E9:E@$G!E7!L%<7F%!@$E%:%>E%?!@$!
EC%!D7E%$E@98!;7:!C9:$%>>@$G!EC%!h;:%%i!D7K%:!7;!EC%!>#$J!
!
.@G#:%!W5!6789:!D9$%8>!D:7H@?@$G!D7K%:!E7!9!C7F%!
M7K%H%:(!L%<9#>%!EC@>!E%<C$787GI!@>!>7!$%K!E7!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I(!F9$I!9:%!>E@88!<7$;#>%?!LI!@E!9$?!
#$>#:%!9L7#E!KC9E!E7!877=!;7:!9$?!C7K!E7!<98<#89E%!D9IL9<=!KC%$!<7$>@?%:@$G!@$H%>E@$GJ!!
4C7#GC!EC%!F7>E!D:7G:%>>@H%!9$?!@$$7H9E@H%!;8%%E>!C9H%!L%G#$!?%D87I@$G!>789:!9$?!%ZD%:@F%$E@$G!K@EC!
EC%!E%<C$787GI(!9>!%H@?%$<%?!LI!-A+.1_>!:%<%$E!2#$!,$!P%>>!%H%$E(!9!;@:>EV7;V@E>V=@$?!<:7>>V<7#$E:I!
:79?>C7K!E7!>C7K<9>%!9?H9$<%F%$E>!@$!;:%@GCE!%;;@<@%$<IJ!,;!EC%!>%H%$!;8%%E>!EC9E!D9:E@<@D9E%?!@$!EC%!
2#$(!EC:%%!C9?!>789:!@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!E:#<=!?#:@$G!EC%!2#$!9$?!7$%!C9>!>@$<%!D#E!>789:!7$!EC9E!D9:E@<#89:!
E:#<=!E7!L%EE%:!#$?%:>E9$?!@E>!H98#%J!A$?!KC@8%!@E_>!@FD7>>@L8%!E7!>9I!C7K!F#<C!>789:!<7$E:@L#E%?!
E7K9:?!EC%@:!;#%8!%;;@<@%$<I!?#:@$G!EC%!2#$(!@E!K9>!<%:E9@$8I!D9:E!7;!EC%!D9<=9G%!EC9E!9887K%?!EC%!E:#<=>!
@$!EC%!2#$!E7!9<C@%H%!9$!9H%:9G%!*)J*!N3Q(!<7FD9:%?!E7!EC%!$9E@7$98!9H%:9G%!7;!aJW!FDG!;7:!EC%!7H%:V
EC%V:79?!E:9<E7:VE:9@8%:!D7D#89E@7$J!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *a!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!c5!2#$!7$!P%>>!E:#<=>!K@EC!>789:!
S3C7E7!+:%?@E5!6<C988%:!PP+T!
Solar Systems for Trucks
6789:!<%88>!9:%!L9>%?!7$!9!D:@$<@D8%!<988%?!EC%!DC7E7%8%<E:@<!%;;%<E!EC9E!K9>!?@><7H%:%?!LI!M%@$:@<C!M%:EU!
@$!EC%!89E%!*'))>J!!4C%!E%<C$787GI!%H%$E#988I!%H78H%?!7H%:!E@F%!9$?!L%<9F%!9!:%98@EI!@$!EC%!F@?V*ec)>!
@$!:%>%9:<C!D@7$%%:%?!LI!B%88!P9L>!9$?!F9$I!7EC%:>J!!BI!EC%!%9:8I!*ea)>(!>789:!<%88>!K%:%!9DD8@%?!9>!9!
>7#:<%!7;!D7K%:!;7:!<7FF#$@<9E@7$>!>9E%88@E%>J!,H%:!EC%!%$>#@$G!I%9:>(!>789:!<%88>!C9H%!%H78H%?!E7!
L%<7F%!F7:%!%;;@<@%$E(!#>%!L%EE%:!F9E%:@98>(!D:7H@?%!L%EE%:!:%8@9L@8@EI(!9$?!L%!8%>>!%ZD%$>@H%!E7!
F9$#;9<E#:%J!/$!;9<E(!EC%!D:@<%!7;!>789:!C9>!<7F%!?7K$!>7!?:9F9E@<988I!@$!:%<%$E!I%9:>!KC@8%!EC%!
%;;@<@%$<I!7;!EC%!D9$%8>!C9>!>=I:7<=%E%?!EC9E!9$$#98!@$>E988%?!<9D9<@EI!C9>!F7:%!EC9$!?7#L8%?!@$!\#>E!
EC%!89>E!;@H%!I%9:>J!S6%%!.@G#:%!aJT!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *b!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!a5!4C%!.988@$G!3:@<%!7;!6789:!!
S67#:<%5!6789:!1$%:GI!/$?#>E:@%>!A>>7<@9E@7$&T!
4C%!>789:!D9$%8>!EC9E!9:%!$7K!9H9@89L8%!;7:!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!9:%!EC@$!9$?!;8%Z@L8%!>7!EC%I!<9$!L%!
F7#$E%?!E7!<#:H%?!>#:;9<%>J!!4C%I!9:%!<79E%?!K@EC!F9E%:@98>!EC9E!9887K!?@:E!E7!L%!K9>C%?!9K9I!%9>@8IJ!!
4C%!D9$%8>!F9I!#>%!9!H9:@%EI!7;!<%88!E%<C$787G@%>!SF7$7<:I>E988@$%(!D78I<:I>E988@$%(!9F7:DC7#>!>@8@<7$(!
EC@$!;@8F(!%E<JTJ!!A8>7(!EC%!@$?@H@?#98!>789:!<%88>!9:%!<7$$%<E%?!E7G%EC%:!K@EC!9!H9:@%EI!7;!E%<C$787G@%>!g!
L#>!L9:>(!G:@?!E%<C$787GI(!%E<J!!M7K%H%:(!EC%!?@><#>>@7$!7;!L7EC!EC%!>789:!<%88!9$?!@E>!<7$>E:#<E@7$!<9$!
L%!m#@E%!E%<C$@<98!9$?!<7$;#>@$GJ!!/$!EC%!%$?(!#$?%:>E9$?@$G!EC@$G>!8@=%!DCI>@<98!>@U%(!:9E@$G(!L%$%;@E>!
9$?!<7$>%m#%$<%>!9:%!EC%!F7>E!@FD7:E9$E!;9<E7:>!@$!?%E%:F@$@$G!KC%EC%:!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!
E%<C$787GI!F9=%>!>%$>%!;7:!9!D9:E@<#89:!9DD8@<9E@7$J!
4C%!>789:!D9$%8!C9>!K@:%>!9$?!9!>%98%?!<7$$%<E7:!EC9E!$%%?>!E7!L%!<7$$%<E%?!E7!9!?%H@<%!<988%?!9!
<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:J!!4C%>%!K@:%>!F9I!$%%?!E7!L%!:7#E%?!9:7#$?!9$?k7:!EC:7#GC!EC%!L7?IK7:=!7;!EC%!
H%C@<8%!E7!<7$$%<E!E7!EC%!:%>E!7;!EC%!H%C@<8%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!!4C%!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!E9=%>!EC%!7#ED#E!7;!
EC%!>789:!D9$%8S>T!9$?!F9=%>!@E!<7FD9E@L8%!K@EC!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!!4C%!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!@>!
9L8%!E7!9?\#>E!E7!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!<7$?@E@7$>!D:%>%$EJ!.7:!%Z9FD8%(!EC%!E:#<=!K@88!C9H%!9!87K%:!L9EE%:I!
H78E9G%!KC%$!EC%!=%I!@>!7;;J!M7K%H%:(!KC%$!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!:#$$@$G(!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:!
E9=%>!7H%:!9$?!F9$9G%>!EC%!H%C@<8%!H78E9G%!:9EC%:!EC9$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *'!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!b5!6@FD8%!3]!6I>E%F!
S67#:<%5!A8E%:$9E@H%!1$%:GI!4#E7:@98>^T!
N7>E!>789:!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:>!9H9@89L8%!7$!EC%!F9:=%E!E7?9I!#>%!9!E%<C$@m#%!<988%?!N9Z@F#F!37K%:!
37@$E!4:9<=@$G(!7:!N334(!E7!F9$9G%!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!7#ED#EJ!!6789:!D9$%8!%;;@<@%$<I!H9:@%>!L9>%?!7$!>#$!
9$G8%(!E%FD%:9E#:%(!9$?!9!$#FL%:!7;!7EC%:!;9<E7:>J!!4C%!N334!<7$E:788%:>!9:%!?%>@G$%?!E7!7DE@F@U%!9$?!
F9Z@F@U%!EC%!D9$%8_>!D7K%:!7#ED#E!L9>%?!7$!EC%>%!;9<E7:>J!!4C%!N334!<7$E:788%:!98>7!>%$>%>!L9EE%:I!
H78E9G%!S9$!@$?@<9E7:!7;!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%!8%H%8T!9$?!7DE@F@U%>!EC%!H78E9G%!7#ED#E!E7!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!
>I>E%F!E7!?%8@H%:!EC%!C@GC%>E!D7K%:!7#ED#EJ!!/E!@>!K7:EC!$7E@$G!EC9E!@;!EC%!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!;#88I!
<C9:G%?!9$?!EC%!E:#<=!@>!$7E!#>@$G!9$I!D7K%:!E7!?:@H%!EC%!%$G@$%!7:!9<<%>>7:@%>(!988!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!
7#ED#E!<9$$7E!L%!#>%?J!.7:!EC@>!:%9>7$(!@E!@>!G%$%:988I!:%<7FF%$?%?!E7!>@U%!9!>789:!>I>E%F!$7E!E7!EC%!
9H9@89L8%!9:%9!;7:!@$>E9889E@7$(!L#E!:9EC%:!E7!F9Z@F@U%!EC%!H98#%!7;!EC%!7#ED#E!L9>%?!7$!EC%!EID@<98!
%8%<E:@<98!879?!7;!EC%!E:#<=J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! *e!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
6789:!D9$%8!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:>!9:%!$7:F988I!>@U%?!E7!C9$?8%!F7:%!EC9$!7$%!>789:!D9$%8!7#ED#E(!L#E!>@U@$G!
9$?!9DD8@<9E@7$!7;!EC%!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:>!>C7#8?!L%!?@><#>>%?!K@EC!EC%!>#DD8@%:>!E7!9>>#:%!EC%!
<7FD7$%$E>!9:%!F9E<C%?!D:7D%:8IJ!!68%%D%:!E:9<E7:>!<9$!C9H%!9>!F9$I!9>!>@Z!7:!F7:%!D9$%8>(!#>#988I!7$!
E7D!7;!EC%!<9L(!L#E!C9H%!L%%$!=$7K$!E7!98>7!L%!9EE9<C%?!E7!EC%!C77?J!
!
.@G#:%!'5!4:9<E7:!K@EC!N#8E@D8%!6789:!39$%8>!
S3C7E7!+:%?@E5!27%ECT!
[%I!<C9:9<E%:@>E@<>!E7!<7$>@?%:!KC%$!%H98#9E@$G!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>!@$<8#?%5!
• 6I>E%F!@$>E988%?!<7>EJ!
• 39$%8!:9E@$G!H>J!DCI>@<98!>@U%J!!/$!>7F%!<9>%>(!EC%!9:%9!E7!F7#$E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!F9I!L%!8@F@E%?J!
• />!EC%!;8%%E_>!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!:9E%!%Z<%>>@H%`!
• />!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!:79?>@?%!9>>@>E9$<%!<988>!E7!\#FD!>E9:E!7:!:%D89<%!L9EE%:@%>!C@GC`!
• A:%9!7;!EC%!<7#$E:I!EC9E!EC%!H%C@<8%!D:%?7F@$9$E8I!7D%:9E%>!@$J!
4C%:%!9:%!F9$I!7EC%:!;9<E7:>!EC9E!<9$!;%%?!@$E7!EC%!?%E%:F@$9E@7$!7;!KC%EC%:!>789:!D9$%8>!F9=%!>%$>%!
;7:!9!G@H%$!9DD8@<9E@7$J!!P9E%:!@$!EC@>!:%D7:E(!K%!K@88!?@><#>>!>7F%!7;!EC%>%!;9<E7:>!@$!F7:%!?%E9@8J!!X%!
K@88!98>7!D:7H@?%!9!>@FD8%!>D:%9?>C%%E!EC9E!I7#!<9$!#>%!E7!%>E@F9E%!EC%!D9IL9<=!D%:@7?!9!>789:!D9$%8!
F@GCE!C9H%!;7:!I7#:!D9:E@<#89:!7D%:9E@7$J!
Truck Electrical System and Solar Panel Basics
47!L%EE%:!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!L%$%;@E>!9$?!<7$>%m#%$<%>!7;!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!C%9HIV?#EI!
H%C@<8%>(!K%!$%%?!E7!>E9:E!K@EC!9!?@><#>>@7$!9L7#E!EC%!L9>@<>!7;!9!EID@<98!E:#<=!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!9$?!C7K!
9!>789:!D9$%8!@$E%G:9E%>!K@EC!EC9E!>I>E%FJ!!Q%$%:988I(!9!C%9HIV?#EI!E:#<=!C9>!9!L9$=!7;!;7#:!Q:7#D!^*!
L9EE%:@%>!EC9E!9:%!#>%?!E7!>E7:%!%8%<E:@<98!%$%:GI!;7:!>E9:E@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!9$?!E7!>E9L@8@U%!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!
>I>E%F!9>!EC%!H%C@<8%!:#$>!?7K$!EC%!:79?J!!4C%:%!@>!9$!98E%:$9E7:!EC9E!@>!?:@H%$!LI!EC%!%$G@$%!EC9E!
>#DD8@%>!988!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!$%%?>!;7:!EC%!H%C@<8%!S%Z<%DE!@$!EC%!:9:%!<9>%!EC9E!>C7:%!D7K%:!@>!
<7$$%<E%?TJ!!4C%!98E%:$9E7:!@>!#>%?!E7!D7K%:!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!8@=%!:#$$@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!%8%<E:7$@<>!9$?!
D7K%:@$G!EC%!8@GCE>(!L#E!@E!@>!98>7!#>%?!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9>!EC%I!L%<7F%!?@><C9:G%?J!
67F%!H%C@<8%>!98>7!C9H%!9$!%8%<E:@<!A#Z@8@9:I!37K%:!O$@E!SA3OT!EC9E!>#DD8@%>!9@:!<7$?@E@7$@$G!;7:!EC%!
>8%%D%:!<7FD9:EF%$E!9>!K%88!9>!D7K%:!;7:!8@GCE>(!<%88!DC7$%!<C9:G@$G(!4]>(!9$?!:%;:@G%:9E7:>!KC%$!EC%!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
H%C@<8%!@>!D9:=%?(!9$?!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!$7E!:#$$@$GJ!!4C%!A3O>!9:%!G%$%:988I!%@EC%:!?@%>%8!7:!L9EE%:I!
%8%<E:@<J!!18%<E:@<!A3O>!7:!B9EE%:I!M]A+>!G%$%:988I!C9H%!;7#:!9??@E@7$98!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:@%>!EC9E!>E7:%!
%$%:GI!>7!@E!<9$!L%!#>%?!KC%$!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!$7E!:#$$@$GJ!
67(!C7K!F#<C!%$%:GI!<9$!EC7>%!L9EE%:@%>!>E7:%`!/$!%8%<E:@<@EI(!EC%!9F7#$E!7;!>E7:%?!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!@>!
F%9>#:%?!@$!K9EEVC7#:>J!!A!K9EE!@>!9!>E9$?9:?!#$@E!7;!%$%:GI!9$?!EC%!C7#:>!?%>@G$9E%!C7K!F#<C!%$%:GI!
@>!#>%?!7H%:!9!D%:@7?!7;!E@F%J!!67(!@;!I7#!C9H%!9!*))VK9EE!8@GCE!L#8L!9$?!C9H%!@E!7$!;7:!*!C7#:(!@E!K@88!#>%!
*))!K9EEVC7#:>!7;!D7K%:J!!-7K!L9<=!E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!7$!EC%!E:#<=(!9!EID@<98!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:I!KC%$!;#88I!
<C9:G%?!C9>!9L7#E!**))VK9EE!C7#:>!7;!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!@EJ!!4C%:%;7:%(!@E!<7#8?!D7K%:!EC9E!*))VK9EE!8@GCE!
L#8L!;7:!9L7#E!**!C7#:>!L%;7:%!EC%!L9EE%:I!K9>!;#88I!?@><C9:G%?J!
67F%E@F%>(!L9EE%:I!<9D9<@EI!@>!?%><:@L%?!@$!9FDVC7#:!E%:F>!:9EC%:!EC9$!K9EEVC7#:>J!!4C%!9F7#$E!7;!
9FDVC7#:>!@$!9!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:I!@>!>@FD8I!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!K9EEVC7#:>!?@H@?%?!LI!EC%!L9EE%:I_>!H78E9G%J!!
4C%!L9EE%:I_>!,D%$!+@:<#@E!]78E9G%!S,+]T!KC%$!;#88I!<C9:G%?!@>!G%$%:988I!9L7#E!*&Ja!](!>7!9!Q:7#D!^*!
L9EE%:I!<7$E9@$>!9L7#E!**))k*&Ja!7:!9L7#E!'c!9FDVC7#:>!7;!D7K%:J!!4C@>!F%9$>!EC9E!I7#!<9$!:#$!9!cV
9FD!:%;:@G%:9E7:!9L7#E!*b!C7#:>!L%;7:%!I7#!<7FD8%E%8I!?@><C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:IJ!
4C%!EID@<98!98E%:$9E7:!7$!9!C%9HIV?#EI!E:#<=!<9$!>#DD8I!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!*c)V&))!9FD>!7;!%8%<E:@<98!
<#::%$E!9E!9!>8@GCE8I!C@GC%:!H78E9G%!7;!*^Ja!E7!*WJW!H78E>J!!4C%!H78E9G%!$%%?>!E7!L%!C@GC%:!EC9$!EC%!
L9EE%:I!H78E9G%!>7!<#::%$E!K@88!;87K!@$E7!EC%!L9EE%:I!9$?!EC%!%$%:GI!K@88!L%!>E7:%?!@$!EC%!L9EE%:I!<%88>J!!
4C@>!\7L!@>!F9$9G%?!LI!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:J!!4C%!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:!H9:@%>!EC%!>I>E%F!
H78E9G%!E7!7DE@F@U%!EC%!L9EE%:I!<C9:G@$G!D:7<%>>J!!,$<%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!<C9:G%?(!EC%!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:!
\#>E!>#DD8@%>!9!>F988!9F7#$E!7;!<#::%$E!E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!E7!=%%D!EC%F!@$!9!;#88I!<C9:G%?!>E9E%!;7:!EC%!
$%ZE!E@F%!EC%I!9:%!$%%?%?!E7!>E9:E!EC%!%$G@$%J!
A>!EC%!E:#<=!@>!G7@$G!?7K$!EC%!:79?(!@E!E9=%>!9$!9H%:9G%!7;!W)!7:!c)!9FD>!E7!?:@H%!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7;!
:#$$@$G!EC%!%$G@$%(!8@GCE>(!G9#G%>(!%E<J(!9$?!@E!98>7!$%%?>!9??@E@7$98!<#::%$E!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!@;!
EC%I!C9H%!L%<7F%!?@><C9:G%?J!!4C@>!%ZE:9!<#::%$E!<9$!L%!>#L>E9$E@98!@;!EC%!A3O!L9EE%:@%>!$%%?!E7!L%!
<C9:G%?J!!47!<C9:G%!;7#:!L9EE%:@%>!EC9E!9:%!F7>E8I!?@><C9:G%?!9;E%:!9!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!@$!W!C7#:>(!@E!
<7#8?!E9=%!9>!F#<C!9>!')!9FD>J!!/;!988!%@GCE!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!?@><C9:G%?(!@E!K@88!E9=%!m#@E%!9!L@E!F7:%!<#::%$E!
EC9$!')!9FD>J!!!
4C@>!@>!KCI!F7>E!A3O!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!:%<7FF%$?!EC9E!<#>E7F%:>!#DG:9?%!E7!9!D:%F@#F!98E%:$9E7:!EC9E!
<9$!<C9:G%!9E!9:7#$?!&c)!9FD>J!
/E!@>!98>7!@FD7:E9$E!E7!$7E%!EC9E!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!E7!:#$!EC%!H%C@<8%!9$?!:%<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!@>!$7E!
;:%%J!!/E!E9=%>!;#%8!E7!E#:$!EC9E!98E%:$9E7:J!!.7:E#$9E%8I(!EC%!<7>E!D%:!=@87K9EE!C7#:!7;!G%$%:9E@$G!
%8%<E:@<@EI!G7@$G!?7K$!EC%!:79?!@>!$7E!EC9E!C@GC!KC%$!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!:#$$@$G!9E!@E>!F7>E!;#%8V%;;@<@%$E!
8%H%8J!!X%_H%!%>E@F9E%?!EC9E!<7>E!E7!L%!9L7#E!f)J^c!D%:!=XC!E7!G%$%:9E%!EC%!D7K%:(!9>>#F@$G!EC%!<7>E!
7;!;#%8!@>!9L7#E!f^Jc)kG9887$(!>7!@E!E9=%>!8%>>!EC9$!9!G9887$!7;!;#%8!E7!;#88I!<C9:G%!%@GCE!?@><C9:G%?!
L9EE%:@%>J!!A>!9!<7FD9:@>7$(!EC%!9H%:9G%!<7>E!D%:!=XC!;7:!:%>@?%$E@98!D7K%:!@$!EC%!O6!@>!9L7#E!f)J*&J!!
XC%$!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!@?8@$G!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!?#:@$G!9!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?(!EC%!>E7:I!@>!m#@E%!
?@;;%:%$EJ!!4C%!<7>E!D%:!=XC!7;!%8%<E:@<@EI!#$?%:!EC7>%!<7$?@E@7$>!<9$!L%!f&!E7!f^!7:!%H%$!F7:%!
?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!>@E#9E@7$J!
-7K(!8%E_>!>K@E<C!G%9:>!9$?!E98=!9L7#E!>789:!D9$%8>J!!A!>789:!D9$%8!<7$H%:E>!%$%:GI!;:7F!EC%!>#$!EC9E!
;988>!7$!@E!@$E7!%8%<E:@<98!%$%:GI!EC9E!<9$!L%!#>%?!E7!D7K%:!879?>!7$!EC%!E:#<=!7:!<C9:G%!L9EE%:@%>J!!4C%:%!
9:%!9!$#FL%:!7;!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!$7K!>%88@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!EC9E!<9$!L%!9??%?!E7!EC%!E:#<=!E7!9#GF%$E!EC%!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &*!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
9F7#$E!7;!D7K%:!G%$%:9E%?!LI!EC%!98E%:$9E7:J!!N7>E!7;!EC%!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!C9H%!9!$#FL%:!7;!EC@$G>!@$!
<7FF7$5!
• 4C%I!F9=%!D9$%8>!7;!H9:@7#>!>@U%>!E7!;#8;@88!?@;;%:%$E!$%%?>J!
• 39$%8>!9:%!#>#988I!>D%<@;@%?!LI!EC%@:!D%9=!K9EE!7#ED#E!g!@J%J!EC%!H%:I!C@GC%>E!7#ED#E!EC%!D9$%8!
<9$!G%$%:9E%!@$!D%:;%<E!<7$?@E@7$>!L%;7:%!9$I!87>>%>!;:7F!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!F9$9G%F%$E!>I>E%F!7:!
8%>>!EC9$!7DE@F98!>789:!@88#F@$9E@7$J!!4C%!$#FL%:!7;!K9EE>!EC9E!EC%!D9$%8!@>!>D%<@;@%?!;7:!@>!$7E!
KC9E!I7#!>C7#8?!%ZD%<E!@$!#>%9L8%!D7K%:!@$!?9@8I!7D%:9E@7$J!
• A8F7>E!988!EC%!D9$%8>!9:%!H%:I!EC@$!9$?!;8%Z@L8%(!>7!EC%I!<9$!<7$;7:F!E7!<#:H%?!>#:;9<%>J!!4C@>!@>!
?@;;%:%$E!EC9$!EC%!:@G@?!D9$%8>!EC9E!9:%!#>%?!@$!:%>@?%$E@98!9$?!<7FF%:<@98!L#@8?@$G!9DD8@<9E@7$>J!
• 3:7?#<E>!C9H%!L%%$!E%>E%?!E7!L%!?#:9L8%!@$!EC%!:9EC%:!?%F9$?@$G!E:#<=@$G!%$H@:7$F%$EJ!
• 4C%I!9:%!@$>E988%?!K@EC!9$!%8%<E:7$@<!?%H@<%!<988%?!9!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!EC9E!:%G#89E%>!EC%!7#ED#E!
7;!EC%!D9$%8!E7!L%!<7FD9E@L8%!K@EC!EC%!H%C@<8%_>!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!
• N7>E!D9$%8!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!#>%!9!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!EC9E!#>%>!N9Z@F#F!37K%:!37@$E!4:9<=@$G!
SN334TJ!!4C@>!@>!EC%!F7>E!%;;@<@%$E!K9I!E7!G%E!EC%!F7>E!#>%9L8%!%$%:GI!7#E!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!!
X%_88!?%><:@L%!EC@>!@$!F7:%!?%E9@8!89E%:!@$!EC@>!:%D7:EJ!
• 4C%!D9$%8>!9:%!%>>%$E@988I!F9@$E%$9$<%!;:%%J!!M7K%H%:(!>$7K!7:!C%9HI!?@:E!9<<#F#89E@7$!7$!EC%!
D9$%8>!K@88!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!C9FD%:!EC%@:!7#ED#EJ!
• N7>E!D9$%8!7#ED#E>!E7!EC%!H%C@<8%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!9:%!9!>F988!;:9<E@7$!7;!EC%!D7K%:!EC9E_>!
9H9@89L8%!@$!9!>@$G8%!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:IJ!
• 4C%!D9$%8!K@88!K7:=!9>!87$G!9>!EC%:%!@>!>#;;@<@%$E!9FL@%$E!8@GCE!KC%EC%:!EC%!%$G@$%!@>!:#$$@$G!7:!
$7EJ!
,;!<7#:>%(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!7$8I!>#DD8@%>!9??@E@7$98!D7K%:!E7!EC%!H%C@<8%_>!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!KC%$!EC%:%!
@>!%$7#GC!8@GCE!C@EE@$G!@E!>7!EC9E!@E!<9$!G%$%:9E%!9?%m#9E%!D7K%:!E7!>#DD8I!EC%!>I>E%FJ!!X@EC!E7?9I_>!
F7?%:$!D9$%8>(!EC@>!>E9:E>!@$!;9@:8I!87K!8@GCE!<7$?@E@7$>!9$?!@$<:%9>%>!9>!EC%!>#$!G%E>!C@GC%:!@$!EC%!>=IJ!!!
4C%!9$G8%!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!:%89E@H%!E7!EC%!>#$!@>!98>7!9$!@FD7:E9$E!;9<E7:!@$!G%$%:9E@$G!#>9L8%!7#ED#EJ!!
4C%:%;7:%(!9!>789:!D9$%8!9$G8%?!E7K9:?!EC%!>#$!K@88!7#ED#E!F7:%!D7K%:!EC9$!7$%!EC9E!@>!;9<@$G!EC%!
K:7$G!?@:%<E@7$J!!/;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@>!F7#$E%?!;89E!7$!EC%!E7D!7;!9!E:9@8%:(!@E!K@88!7#ED#E!8%>>!EC9$!7$%!
EC9E!@>!?@:%<E8I!;9<@$G!EC%!>#$!9E!EC%!7DE@F98!9$G8%J!!.@G#:%!e!>C7K>!EC%!:%89E@7$>C@DJ!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!e5!AH%:9G%!18%<E:@<@EI!Q%$%:9E%?!4C:7#GC7#E!EC%!09I!;:7F!9!.89EVN7#$E%?!6789:!39$%8!
S67#:<%5!6789:m#7E%>WT!
-7E%!EC9E!EC%!D7K%:!D:7?#<%?!@$!EC%!%9:8I!F7:$@$G!7:!89E%!%H%$@$G!C7#:>!@>!9!>F988!;:9<E@7$!7;!EC%!
D7K%:!EC9E!@>!D:7?#<%?!9E!F@?V?9IJ!!,;!<7#:>%(!@;!EC%!D9$%8!@>!;9<@$G!7DD7>@E%!EC%!>#$!7:!F7#$E%?!
C7:@U7$E988I!7$!EC%!E7D!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:(!EC%!7#ED#E>!K7#8?!L%!8%>>!EC9$!@?%98J!
M7K!F#<C!%$%:GI!<9$!9!>789:!D9$%8!:%98@>E@<988I!D:7?#<%!:%89E%?!E7!EC%!D7K%:!EC9E!@>!>E7:%?!@$!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!7$!EC%!E:#<=`!M%:%_>!9$!%Z9FD8%5!
P%E_>!9>>#F%!EC%!;7887K@$G5!
• R7#!C9H%!9!>8%%D%:!E:#<=!K@EC!9!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F!@$>E988%?!E7!9H7@?!@?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!?#:@$G!
*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?>J!
• 4C%!E:#<=!@>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!;7#:!$%K!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:@%>!9$?!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!@>!98>7!%m#@DD%?!
K@EC!;7#:!$%K!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:@%>J!
• 4C%!H%C@<8%!@>!@$!EC%!67#ECK%>E!7$!9!>#$$I!?9I!9$?!@E!K@88!L%!>#$$I!;7:!EC%!%$E@:%!*)VC7#:!:%>E!
D%:@7?J!!/E!@>!>#FF%:!9$?!C7E!7#E>@?%(!>7!A3O!9@:!<7$?@E@7$@$G!7;!EC%!>8%%D%:!<7FD9:EF%$E!@>!
:%m#@:%?J!
• 4C%!?:@H%:!C9>!9!:%;:@G%:9E7:(!+3A3!F9<C@$%(!4]!9$?!9!;%K!7EC%:!@E%F>!EC9E!E9=%!D7K%:!KC%$!
EC%!%$G@$%!@>!$7E!:#$$@$GJ!
• 4C%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!;#88I!<C9:G%?!;:7F!?:@H@$G!7H%:$@GCEJ!
• 4C%!E:#<=!@>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!9!^))X!>789:!D9$%8!F7#$E%?!7$!EC%!;9@:@$G!9$?!D7@$E%?!?@:%<E8I!9E!
EC%!>#$!KC%$!@E!:%9<C%>!C@GC!$77$J!
P%E_>!;#:EC%:!9>>#F%!EC9E!EC%!D7K%:!<7$>#FDE@7$!#$?%:!EC%>%!<7$?@E@7$>!K@EC!$7!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!
D9$%8!K7#8?!?@><C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!E7!EC%@:!87K%:!8@F@E!>%EE@$G!@$!%@GCE!C7#:>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
4C%!>E9:E@$G!L9EE%:@%>!K7#8?!L%!9#E7F9E@<988I!?@><7$$%<E%?!9E!W)j!<C9:G%!E7!D:7E%<E!%$G@$%!>E9:E@$G!
9$?!EC%!A3O!L9EE%:@%>!K7#8?!>%E!9$!989:F!9E!&)j!<C9:G%!8%H%8J!B7EC!7;!EC%>%!D:7E%<E!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9$?!
%$?!EC%!E@F%!KC%:%!EC%!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!EC%!L9EE%:I!<9$!L%!#>%?!LI!EC%!E:#<=_>!<7FD7$%$E>J!
Q@H%$!EC%!D:%H@7#>!?@><#>>@7$!7$!L9EE%:I!<9D9<@EI(!EC%!E:#<=!K7#8?!#>%!EC%!;7887K@$G!9F7#$E!7;!%$%:GI!
@$!%@GCE!C7#:>5!
• 47E98!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!>E9:E@$G!L9EE%:@%>5!W!Z!**))VK9EE!C7#:>!p!WW))VK9EE!C7#:>!
• 47E98!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!A3O!L9EE%:@%>5!!W!d!**))VK9EE!C7#:>!p!WW))VK9EE!C7#:>!
• 47E98!%$%:GI!#>%?!@$!'!C7#:>!p!WW))VK9EE!C7#:>!Z!a)j!q!WW))VK9EE!C7#:>!Z!')j!p!a*a)!K9EE!
C7#:>!
• /$!7EC%:!K7:?>(!9L7#E!bb)VK9EE!C7#:>!D%:!C7#:!
O$?%:!EC%>%!F7:%!7:!8%>>!@?%98!<7$?@E@7$>(!EC%!^))VK9EE!>789:!D9$%8!K7#8?!D:7?#<%!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!EC%!
;7887K@$G!9F7#$E!7;!9??@E@7$98!%$%:GI!@$!EC%!%@GCE!C7#:>5!
• 47E98!>789:!%$%:GI!?%8@H%:%?!p!^))!K9EE>!Z!)Jc!9H%:9G%!%;;@<@%$<I!Z!'!C7#:>!p!*&))VK9EE!C7#:>!
• 4C@>!@>!9L7#E!%m#@H98%$E!E7!9??@$G!9$7EC%:!L9EE%:I!E7!EC%!>I>E%F!
• 4C@>!K7#8?!%m#9E%!E7!9$!9??@E@7$98!*r!E7!&!C7#:>!L%;7:%!EC%!%$G@$%!K7#8?!C9H%!E7!L%!>E9:E%?!E7!
<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
• 4C@>!98>7!F%9$>!EC9E!@?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!<9$!L%!9H7@?%?!;7:!EC%!*r!E7!&!
C7#:>(!>9H@$G!9L7#E!7$%!G9887$!7;!;#%8!D%:!C7#:J!
4C%!9L7H%!><%$9:@7!?%><:@L%>!m#@E%!>%H%:%!<7$?@E@7$>!;7:!EC%!A3O!;#$<E@7$!9$?!%>>%$E@988I!EC%!L%>EV<9>%!
><%$9:@7!;7:!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!D7K%:!7$!EC%!E:#<=J!!2%>#8E>!K@88!H9:I!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!L9>%?!7$!9$I!$#FL%:!7;!
;9<E7:>J!!.7:!%Z9FD8%5!
• /;!EC%!C%98EC!7;!EC%!L9EE%:I!>I>E%F!@>!8%>>!EC9$!9!$%K!>E9E%(!7:!EC%!<C9:G%!@>!$7E!<7FD8%E%!7$!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!9E!EC%!>E9:E!7;!EC%!D%:@7?(!EC%$!EC%!E@F%!E7!L9EE%:I!?@><C9:G%!K@88!L%!>C7:E%:J!
• /;!EC%!<7$?@E@7$>!9:%!<778%:!7#E>@?%(!EC%$!8%>>!%$%:GI!K@88!L%!$%%?%?!E7!F9@$E9@$!<9L@$!
E%FD%:9E#:%!9$?!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!K@88!89>E!87$G%:!L%;7:%!L%<7F@$G!?@><C9:G%?J!4C7#GC!<778%:!
<7$?@E@7$>!K@88!98>7!@$<:%9>%!EC%!%;;@<@%$<I!7;!EC%!D9$%8>J!
• /;!EC%!>#$!@$E%$>@EI!@>!8%>>!?#%!E7!L%@$G!;#:EC%:!$7:EC(!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!>I>E%F!K@88!L%!8%>>J!
• 4C%!9$G8%!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!:%89E@H%!E7!EC%!>#$!F9EE%:>(!>7!@;!EC%!E:#<=!@>!;9<@$G!EC%!K:7$G!
?@:%<E@7$!7:!@>!@$!EC%!>C9?%(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!K@88!D:7?#<%!8%>>!%$%:GIJ!
• /;!<7$?@E@7$>!9:%!<87#?I(!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!>I>E%F!K@88!98>7!L%!8%>>J!
• ,;!<7#:>%(!@;!EC%!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!@>!7$8I!D9:E@988I!?#:@$G!EC%!?9IE@F%(!EC%!>789:!>I>E%F!
7#ED#E!K7#8?!L%!8%>>J!
-7E%!EC9E!>789:!D9$%8>!C9H%!>7F%!7EC%:!>@G$@;@<9$E!L%$%;@E>!EC9E!9:%!$7E!?@:%<E8I!:%89E%?!E7!D7K%:!
>#DD8@%?!?#:@$G!:%>E!D%:@7?>J!!4C%>%!K@88!L%!?@><#>>%?!@$!?%E9@8!@$!89E%:!>%<E@7$>!7;!EC%!:%D7:EJ!!!
/$!>#FF9:I5!
• 6789:!D9$%8>!K@88!>#DD8I!9E!8%9>E!>7F%!D7K%:!E7!EC%!>I>E%F!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I(!%H%$!@$!%9:8I!
F7:$@$G!7:!89E%!%H%$@$GJ!!M7K%H%:(!EC%!9F7#$E!7;!D7K%:!G%$%:9E%?!<9$!H9:I!G:%9E8I!?#%!E7!
F9$I!;9<E7:>(!>7F%!7;!KC@<C!9:%!F%$E@7$%?!9L7H%J!
• 4C%!D7K%:!<9$!L%!#>%?!E7!>9E@>;I!$%%?>!;7:!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!7:!L9EE%:I!<C9:G@$G!KC@8%!EC%!=%I!@>!
7;;!7:!EC%!E:#<=!@>!E:9H%88@$G!?7K$!EC%!C@GCK9IJ!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &W!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• /;!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!;#88I!<C9:G%?(!EC%$!EC%!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!7$8I!L%!#>%?!;7:!
>9E@>;I@$G!7EC%:!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!8@=%!8@GCE>(!:#$$@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!%8%<E:7$@<>(!:%;:@G%:9E7:>(!%E<J!
• 4C%!9F7#$E!7;!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!G%$%:9E%?!@$!9!?9I!LI!9!EID@<98!>789:!D9$%8!@>!G%$%:988I!F#<C!
8%>>!EC9$!EC%!%$%:GI!<7$E9@$%?!@$!9!>@$G8%!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:IJ!
• 4C%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!D:7H@?%!hE:@<=8%!<C9:G%i!<9D9L@8@EI!KC%$!EC%!E:#<=!@>!D9:=%?!;7:!EC%!
K%%=%$?J!!/;!EC%!D9$%8!@>!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:(!@E!<9$!D:7H@?%!D7K%:!E7!L9EE%:@%>!;7:!8@;EG9E%>(!
:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>(!E%8%F9E@<>(!%E<J!E7!F9@$E9@$!EC%@:!<C9:G%!KC@8%!?@><7$$%<E%?!;:7F!9!E:9<E7:J!
Understanding Solar Panel Output
A>!K%!C9H%!?@><#>>%?(!@E!@>!?@;;@<#8E!E7!%>E@F9E%!EC%!7#ED#E!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!7$!9!E:#<=!<7FD9:%?!
E7!EC%!$%%?>!;7:!D7K%:!@$!H9:@7#>!F7?%>!7;!7D%:9E@7$J!!,$%!K9I!E7!D#E!EC@>!@$!D%:>D%<E@H%!@>!E7!%H98#9E%!
KC9E!EC%!D9$%8_>!7#ED#E!K7#8?!L%!@;!988!EC%!%$%:GI!EC9E!@E!G%$%:9E%>!<7#8?!L%!#>%?!@$!>7F%!K9I!E7!
%@EC%:!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!7:!>9E@>;I!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7$!EC%!H%C@<8%J!
4C%!-9E@7$98!2%$%K9L8%!1$%:GI!P9L(!9!-9E@7$98!P9L!7;!EC%!O6!0%D9:EF%$E!7;!1$%:GI(!C9>!9!>789:!%$%:GI!
<98<#89E7:!EC9E!<9$!G@H%!9$!%>E@F9E%!7;!C7K!F9$I!=@87K9EEVC7#:>!7;!%$%:GI!9!G@H%$!>789:!D9$%8!@$!9!
>D%<@;@<!87<9E@7$!@$!EC%!O$@E%?!6E9E%>!7:!+9$9?9!<9$!D:7?#<%!@$!9!I%9:J!!4C@>!E778(!<988%?!3]X9EE>s!<9$!
L%!#>%?!E7!D:7H@?%!9!:7#GC!%>E@F9E%!7;!C7K!F#<C!%$%:GI!9!E:#<=VF7#$E%?!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!D:7?#<%J!!
R7#!<9$!EC%$!#>%!EC%!7#ED#E!E7!<7FD9:%!9G9@$>E!C7K!F#<C!EC9E!%$%:GI!F@GCE!<7>E!E7!D:7?#<%!#>@$G!EC%!
E:#<=!98E%:$9E7:J!!!
4C%!<98<#89E7:!<9$!L%!;7#$?!9E!EC@>!K%L>@E%5!
CEED5kkDHK9EE>J$:%8JG7HkDHK9EE>JDCD!
,;!<7#:>%(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!C9>!9??@E@7$98!L%$%;@E>!EC9E!F#>E!L%!E9=%$!@$E7!9<<7#$E!E7!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!
7H%:988!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$E!7;!EC%!>789:!>I>E%FJ!!P%E_>!G7!EC:7#GC!9$!%Z9FD8%!7;!C7K!F#<C!D7K%:!
<7#8?!L%!%ZD%<E%?!;7:!9!;9@:@$GVF7#$E%?!>789:!D9$%8!7$!9!E:#<=!;7:!9!<7#D8%!7;!87<9E@7$>!@$!EC%!OJ6J!E7!
D#E!EC@>!@$!D%:>D%<E@H%J!
P%E_>!E:I!3C7%$@Z(!A:@U7$9J!!B%87K!@>!KC9E!I7#!>C7#8?!>%%!@$!EC%!E778!9;E%:!I7#!>%8%<E!3C7%$@ZJ!!R7#!EC%$!
$%%?!E7!>%8%<E!9!K%9EC%:!>E9E@7$!87<9E@7$!9$?!C@E!EC%!G7!E7!>I>E%F!@$;7!L#EE7$J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &c!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!*)5!3]X9EE>!><:%%$>C7E!
S67#:<%5!3]X9EE>(!-21PcT!
4C%!><:%%$!K@88!EC%$!>C7K!EC%!;7887K@$G!E778J!!A?\#>E!EC%!@$D#E>!E7!EC7>%!>C7K$!7$!EC%!><:%%$!9$?!C@E!
EC%!Q7!E7!3]X9EE>!:%>#8E>!L#EE7$J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &a!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!**5!3]X9EE>!><:%%$>C7E!
R7#!K@88!$7E%!K%!<C9$G%?!EC%!>@U%!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!E7!^))!K9EE>(!KC@<C!@>!9L7#E!EC%!>@U%!EC9E!;@E>!7$!9!
E:#<=!<9L!;9@:@$GJ!!X%!98>7!<C9$G%?!EC%!@$<8@$%!9$G8%!E7!&)!?%G:%%>!E7!>@F#89E%!EC%!E@8E!7;!EC%!;9@:@$GJ!!
4C%!AU@F#EC!E%:F!@>!EC%!?@:%<E@7$!EC9E!EC%!>#$!@>!<7F@$G!;:7FJ!!X%!<C9$G%?!EC@>!E7!e)!>@$<%!EC9E!
$#FL%:!E#:$>!7#E!E7!L%!9L7#E!EC%!9H%:9G%!@;!EC%!E:#<=!@>!:9$?7F8I!G7@$G!@$!9$I!?@:%<E@7$!:%89E@H%!E7!EC%!
>#$J!!-7K!8%E_>!877=!9E!EC%!:%>#8E>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &b!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!*&5!3]X9EE>!><:%%$>C7E!
4C@>!E778!@$?@<9E%>!EC9E!9!E:#<=!K@EC!F7>E!7;!@E>!7D%:9E@7$!@$!EC%!67#ECK%>E!$%9:!3C7%$@Z!K7#8?!D:7?#<%!
9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!Wc&!=XC!7;!%8%<E:@<@EI!D%:!I%9:J!!49=%$!9$7EC%:!K9I(!EC@>!@>!9L7#E!*J&c!=XC!D%:!?9I!7;!
%$%:GI!7:!9!8@EE8%!7H%:!EC%!9F7#$E!7;!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!9!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:IJ!
-7K!8%E_>!E9=%!9!877=!9E!KC9E!I7#!<7#8?!%ZD%<E!@;!7D%:9E@$G!$%9:!A8L9$I(!-%K!R7:=J!!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &'!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!*^5!3]X9EE>!><:%%$>C7E!
-7E%!EC9E!EC%!D:%?@<E%?!%$%:GI!7$!9$!9$$#98!L9>@>!K7#8?!L%!9L7#E!^))!=XC!7:!9L7#E!EK7!EC@:?>!7;!EC9E!
9H9@89L8%!@$!EC%!67#ECK%>EJ!!4C@>!F%9$>!I7#!<9$!%ZD%<E!9L7#E!EK7!EC@:?>!7;!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!L%$%;@E!;:7F!
EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@;!@E!@>!87<9E%?!F7>E8I!@$!EC%!-7:EC%9>EJ!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC@>!@>!?#%!E7!EC%!>8@GCE8I!87K%:!>#$!
9$G8%!9$?!EC%!9H%:9G%!$#FL%:!7;!?9I>!EC9E!9:%!>#$$I!H>J!<87#?I!<7FD9:%?!E7!EC%!67#ECK%>EJ!!4C%!>789:!
@$E%$>@EI!?9E9!EC9E!?:@H%>!EC%>%!%>E@F9E%>!@>!;:7F!9H%:9G%>!E9=%$!7H%:!9!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>(!>7!EC%!
9H%:9G%!@$!9!G@H%$!I%9:!K@88!L%!?@;;%:%$EJ!
B9>%?!7$!EC%!F7?%8_>!7#ED#E(!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%!D9$%8!>I>E%F!D8#>!@$>E9889E@7$(!9$?!EC%!%ZD%<E%?!$#FL%:!
7;!I%9:>!E7!G%E!9!D9IL9<=(!@E!@>!D7>>@L8%!E7!%>E@F9E%!EC%!<7>E!7;!D7K%:!G%$%:9E%?!LI!EC%!D9$%8!D%:!=XC!
;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!!4C@>!L%<7F%>!7$%!@$D#E!E7!EC%!F7?%8!E7!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!D7E%$E@98!:%E#:$!7$!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! &e!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
@$H%>EF%$E!L%<9#>%!EC%!%ZE:9!%8%<E:@<@EI!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!D9$%8!C9>!9??@E@7$98!L%$%;@E>!E7!EC%!E:#<=!
7D%:9E@7$(!8@=%!EC%!D7E%$E@98!E7!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!9H7@?!S@;!$7E!%8@F@$9E%T!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!
9>>@>E9$<%!<988>!?#%!E7!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!
19:8@%:!@$!EC%!:%D7:E(!K%!F%$E@7$%?!EC9E!G%$%:9E@$G!D7K%:!K@EC!EC%!%$G@$%!98E%:$9E7:!G%$%:988I!<7>E>!
9L7#E!f)J^ck=XC!KC%$!EC%!E:#<=!@>!:#$$@$G!?7K$!EC%!:79?!9$?!L%EK%%$!f*!9$?!f^k=XC!KC%$!EC%!
E:#<=!@>!D9:=%?!9$?!:#$$@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!G%$%:9E%!D7K%:J!
Voltage Regulation Systems
6789:!D9$%8>!<9$!%>>%$E@988I!D:7H@?%!EK7!%8%<E:@<98!;#$<E@7$>!KC%$!@$>E988%?!7$!9!H%C@<8%J!!/;!EC%!H%C@<8%!
C9>!?%F9$?!;7:!<#::%$E!E7!7D%:9E%!9DD8@9$<%>(!:#$!9!E:9@8%:!8@;EG9E%(!8@GCE>(!:#$!EC%!%$G@$%(!%E<J(!EC%$!EC%!
>789:!D9$%8!<9$!>#DD8I!>7F%!<#::%$E!E7!EC7>%!>I>E%F>!E7!9>>@>E!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!7:!EC%!98E%:$9E7:(!
?%D%$?@$G!7$!KC%:%!EC%!D7K%:!@>!<7F@$G!;:7FJ!!A!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!98>7!D:7H@?%!>#DD8%F%$E98!L9EE%:I!
<C9:G@$GJ!!XC%$!L9EE%:@%>!L%<7F%!?@><C9:G%?(!%8%<E:@<98!<#::%$E!;87K!F#>E!L%!:%H%:>%?!9$?!>#DD8@%?!E7!
EC%!L9EE%:I!E7!:%<C9:G%!EC%FJ!!4C%:%!@>!9!>D%<@;@<!D:7<%?#:%!EC9E!@>!#>%?!E7!:%<C9:G%!EC%!8%9?!9<@?!
L9EE%:@%>!7$!9!E:#<=!E7!<C9:G%!EC%F!9>!m#@<=8I!9>!D7>>@L8%!K@EC7#E!?9F9G%J!!4C%!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:!EC9E!
@>!$7:F988I!@$>E988%?!@$!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!D:7H@?%>!EC@>!;#$<E@7$J!!!
]78E9G%!:%G#89E7:>!$7:F988I!D:7H@?%!<C9:G%!E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!@$!EC:%%!>E9G%>!9>!>C7K$!@$!.@G#:%!*W5!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
.@G#:%!*W5!4C%!4C:%%!6E9G%>!7;!]78E9G%!2%G#89E@7$!
S67#:<%5!B9EE%:I!O$@H%:>@EIaT!!
-7E%!EC9E!8%9?!9<@?!L9EE%:@%>!<C9:G%!9E!9!:%89E@H%8I!>87K!:9E%(!>7!@E!<9$!E9=%!#D!E7!*)!C7#:>!E7!:%E#:$!9!
?@><C9:G%?!8%9?!9<@?!L9EE%:I!E7!9!;#88I!<C9:G%?!>E9E%J!!/$!EC%!;@:>E!<C9:G@$G!>E9G%!S>7F%E@F%>!<988%?!L#8=!
<C9:G@$GT(!EC%!<#::%$E!;87K@$G!E7!EC%!L9EE%:I!@>!F9$9G%?!>7!EC9E!EC%!L9EE%:I!@>!$7E!?9F9G%?!?#%!E7!EC%!
C@GC!<#::%$EJ!!4C@>!>E9G%!E9=%>!:7#GC8I!C98;!EC%!E@F%!7;!EC%!E7E98!<C9:G%J!!4C%!>%<7$?!>E9G%!@>!<988%?!EC%!
E7DD@$G!S7:!9L>7:DE@7$T!<C9:G%!KC%:%!<C9:G@$G!H78E9G%!:%F9@$>!<7$>E9$E(!L#E!EC%!<#::%$E!;87K@$G!@$E7!
EC%!L9EE%:I!@>!>87K8I!?%<:%9>%?J!!4C%!EC@:?!>E9G%!@>!<988%?!;879E(!KC%:%!9!H%:I!>F988!<#::%$E!@>!>#DD8@%?!E7!
EC%!L9EE%:I!\#>E!E7!F9@$E9@$!@E!9E!9!;#88I!<C9:G%?!>E9E%J!!4C@>!<#::%$E!@>!>F988!%$7#GC!EC9E!EC%!L9EE%:I!
K7$_E!L%!?9F9G%?!?#%!E7!7H%:<C9:G@$GJ!!4C@>!C9>!7;E%$!98>7!L%%$!<988%?!hE:@<=8%!<C9:G%Ji!
67(!I7#!F@GCE!9>=(!C7K!?7%>!9!>789:!D9$%8!K7:=!K@EC!EC%!98E%:$9E7:_>!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:`!!4C%!<C9:G%!
<7$E:788%:!;7:!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!>%$>%!EC%!E:#<=!>I>E%F!H78E9G%!9$?!9?\#>E!EC%!H78E9G%!7;!EC%!D9$%8!
7#ED#E!>7!EC9E!<#::%$E!K@88!;87K!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@$E7!EC%!>I>E%FJ!!B9>%?!7$!EC%!H78E9G%!8%H%8>!
>%$>%?!;:7F!EC%!H%C@<8%(!EC%!<7$E:788%:!F9$9G%>!EC%!H78E9G%!@E!>#DD8@%>!>7!EC9E!EC%!F9Z@F#F!9F7#$E!
7;!<#::%$E!D7>>@L8%!;87K>!;:7F!EC%!D9$%8!@$E7!EC%!E:#<=_>!>I>E%FJ!!/E!?7%>$_E!F9EE%:!9E!EC9E!D7@$E!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^*!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
KC%EC%:!EC%!<#::%$E!;87K>!E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!E7!:%<C9:G%!EC%F!7:!@>!#>%?!E7!D7K%:!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7$!EC%!
E:#<=J!!/;!EC%!H%C@<8%!@>!E#:$%?!7;;!9$?!C9>!$7!879?>!7$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>(!EC%$!988!EC%!<#::%$E!K@88!;87K!E7!
:%<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!!/;!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!;#88I!<C9:G%?(!EC%$!EC%!>789:!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!K7:=>!\#>E!8@=%!
EC%!98E%:$9E7:!H78E9G%!:%G#89E7:!9$?!7$8I!>#DD8@%>!9!E:@<=8%!<C9:G%!E7!F9@$E9@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
/E_>!@FD7:E9$E!E7!$7E%!EC9E!EC%!87$G!<C9:G@$G!E@F%!EC9E!@>!?%><:@L%?!9L7H%!D:%>%$E>!>7F%!<C988%$G%>!;7:!
L9EE%:@%>!9>!EC%I!9:%!#>%?!7$!E:#<=>(!D9:E@<#89:8I!@$!<%:E9@$!9DD8@<9E@7$>J!!4C%!;@:>E!7;!EC%>%!K7#8?!L%!
E:#<=>!EC9E!9:%!#>%?!@$!9$!%ZE:%F%!>E9:EV>E7D!F7?%J!!A$!%Z9FD8%!7;!EC@>!@>!EC%!D9<=9G%!?%8@H%:I!L#>@$%>>!
KC%:%!F9$I!?%8@H%:@%>!D%:!?9I!9:%!F9?%!KC%:%!EC%!%$G@$%!S9$?!98E%:$9E7:T!9:%!E#:$%?!7;;!9>!EC%!
D9<=9G%>!9:%!?%8@H%:%?J!!A!>%<7$?!9DD8@<9E@7$!@>!7$%!KC%:%!9!8@;EG9E%!@>!L%@$G!#>%?!;:%m#%$E8I!E7!?%8@H%:!
C%9HI!879?>!E7!<#>E7F%:>!@$!9!<:7K?%?!#:L9$!%$H@:7$F%$EJ!!4C%!EC@:?!@>!9!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F!KC%:%!
EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!?@><C9:G%?!>#L>E9$E@988I!?#:@$G!9!*)VC7#:!7:!87$G%:!:%>E!D%:@7?J!![%%D@$G!L9EE%:@%>!
<C9:G%?!@$!EC%>%!=@$?>!7;!9DD8@<9E@7$>!<9$!L%!<C988%$G@$G!L%<9#>%!EC%:%!F9I!$7E!L%!%$7#GC!:#$!E@F%!
L%EK%%$!%H%$E>!E7!:%>E7:%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!E7!9!;#88I!<C9:G%?!>E9E%J!!!
4C%:%!9:%!98>7!7EC%:!<7$?@E@7$>!EC9E!D#E!9!>E:9@$!7$!EC%!E:#<=>_!L9EE%:@%>J!4C%>%!<7$?@E@7$>!@$<8#?%!E@F%>!
KC%$!EC%!E:#<=!@>!>E7DD%?!9$?!$7E!@?8@$G(!9$?!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!F#>E!D7K%:!C7E%8!879?>!>#<C!9>!
:%;:@G%:9E7:>(!+3A3!F9<C@$%>(!4]>(!%E<J!B%<9#>%!EC%>%!>7:E>!7;!<7$?@E@7$>!;9@8!E7!=%%D!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!
E7DD%?!7;;(!:%>#8E@$G!@$!F7:%!;:%m#%$E!?%%D!?@><C9:G%>(!@E!@>!$7E!#$#>#98!;7:!L9EE%:I!8@;%!E7!L%!>C7:E%:!
EC9$!&W!F7$EC>!@$!>7F%!9DD8@<9E@7$>J!6789:!D9$%8>!<9$!C%8D!F@E@G9E%!9E!8%9>E!>7F%!7;!EC%>%!?%%D!
?@><C9:G%>!9$?!EC%:%;7:%!%ZE%$?!EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
4C%!;7887K@$G!?7<#F%$E>!;:7F!EC%!4%<C$787GI!n!N9@$E%$9$<%!+7#$<@8!S4N+T!7;!EC%!AF%:@<9$!4:#<=@$G!
A>>7<@9E@7$>!9:%!G77?!:%;%:%$<%>!:%89E%?!E7!E:#<=!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F>!9$?!EC%!9DD8@<9E@7$!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!
E7!<7FF%:<@98!H%C@<8%>5!
• 23!*bb(!Solar!Power!for!Commercial!Vehicles!
• 23!*b'(!Battery!Management!and!Cable!Guidelines!for!Meeting!Hotel!Load!Requirements!
• 23*)*+(!Heavy!Duty!Truck!Alternator!Mounting!
• 23*)c+(!Battery!Cable!Assemblies!
• 23*&eA(!Heavy!Duty!Vehicle!Cranking!&!Charging!Troubleshooting;!12-Volt!Systems!
• 23*^aB(!Managed/Isolated!Battery!Systems!for!Electric!Start!Systems!
• 23*^eB(!Battery!Selection!Criteria!
• 23*W)A(!Understanding!Key!Off!Parasitic!Loads!
• 23!*a)(!Wiring!&!Circuit!Protection!Guidelines!For!12-Volt!DC!to!120-Volt!AC!In-Cab!Inverter!
Systems!
• 23*a&A(!Design!Guidelines!for!Electrochemical!Capacitors!Used!in!Starting!Applications!
• 23!*aa(!Low-Voltage!Primary!Electrical!Cable!Specification!for!Heavy-Duty!Electrical!Repair!
47!7LE9@$!9!<7DI!7;!9$I!7;!EC%>%!2%<7FF%$?%?!3:9<E@<%>(!D8%9>%!H@>@E!EF<JE:#<=@$GJ7:GJ!4C%!F9$#98>!
<9$!L%!D#:<C9>%?!>%D9:9E%8I!7:!9:%!7$%!L%$%;@E!7;!F%FL%:>C@D!@$!4N+!@;!I7#!<C77>%!E7!\7@$J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Solar as Applied to Trucks
Tractor Applications
,$%!7;!EC%!F7>E!H@>@L8%!D89<%>!I7#_88!>%%!>789:!7$!E:#<=>!g!L7EC!7$!EC%!:79?!9$?!@$!EC%!>789:!F9:=%E@$G!
<7889E%:98!g!@>!7$!EC%!:77;!;9@:@$G!7;!EC%!E:9<E7:J!A>@?%!;:7F!EC%!7<<9>@7$98!L:9$?@$G!7:!>8%%D%:!>=I8@GCE!
;7#$?!EC%:%(!EC@>!>D9<%!C9>!C@>E7:@<988I!G7$%!#$#>%?J!4C@>!D:@F%!h:%98!%>E9E%(i!<7FL@$%?!K@EC!@E>!9<<%>>!
E7!>#$8@GCE(!F9=%>!@E!9$!@?%98!D89<%!;7:!>789:!D9$%8>J!
M7K%H%:(!9<E#988I!F7#$E@$G!EC%!D9$%8>!E7!EC%!;9@:@$G!@>$_E!m#@E%!9>!>E:9@GCE;7:K9:?J!39$%8>!9:%!#>#988I!
F7#$E%?!K@EC!9!>E:7$G!9?C%>@H%!9$?k7:!><:%K>!EC:7#GC!G:7FF%E>J!B#E!EC%!<#:H%?!>#:;9<%!7;!EC%!;9@:@$G!
F%9$>!EC9E!9$I!>789:!D9$%8>!$%%?!E7!L%!;8%Z@L8%!%$7#GC!E7!C#G!EC%!:77;!K@EC7#E!L:%9=@$G!9$?!K@EC7#E!
>E@<=@$G!7#E(!<:%9E@$G!9%:7?I$9F@<>!@>>#%>J!A>!7$%!;8%%E!:%D:%>%$E9E@H%!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!%ZD89@$%?!EC%!
D:7<%>>(!h@E_>!9!L@E!8@=%!E:I@$G!E7!G8#%!9!;89E!D@%<%!7;!D9D%:!7$!9!L9>=%EL988Ji!XC@8%!<%:E9@$8I!$7E!
@FD7>>@L8%(!D:7D%:!9DD8@<9E@7$!:%m#@:%>!9!E:9@$%?!E%<C$@<@9$J!
!
! ! !
.@G#:%!*c5!6789:!D9$%8>!F7#$E%?!E7!EC%!E:9<E7:!;9@:@$G!!
S67#:<%5!B%:G>E:7FT!
,$<%!EC%!D9$%8>!9:%!F7#$E%?!7$!EC%!;9@:@$G!S9$?!7<<9>@7$988I(!@$!EC%!<9>%!7;!8%9?@$G!@$$7H9E@H%!;8%%E>!
8@=%!Q:7#D%!27L%:E(!7$!EC%!C77?!9>!K%88T(!EC%!D9$%8>!9:%!EC%$!K@:%?!EC:7#GC!9!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:(!KC@<C!
K@88!>%$?!EC%!D7K%:!KC%:%!@E!@>!$%%?%?J!.7:!E:9<E7:!9DD8@<9E@7$>(!EC%!D7K%:!@>!#>#988I!#>%?!E7!>#DD7:E!
@$V<9L!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>!9$?k7:!C7E%8!879?>J!
/$!G%$%:98(!C%:%!9:%!>7F%!=%I!@E%F>!E7!=%%D!@$!F@$?!KC%$!>D%<@;I@$G!9!>789:!D9$%8!9>!D9:E!7;!9!>78#E@7$!
E7!E:9<E7:!%8%<E:@<98!?%F9$?>5!
• A!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!G%$%:988I!<9$$7E!>#DD8I!EC%!<#::%$E!$%<%>>9:I!E7!?:@H%!89:G%!E:9<E7:!879?>!
8@=%!L9EE%:I!M]A+>!7:!:%;:@G%:9E7:>J!!M7K%H%:(!@E!F9I!L%!9L8%!E7!>#DD8%F%$E!EC%!D7K%:!>E7:%?!
@$!EC%!E:#<=_>!>E9:E%:!9$?k7:!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>J!!
• 4C%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!K@88!7$8I!>#DD8I!9??@E@7$98!D7K%:!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I!KC%$!EC%!D9$%8!@>!
%ZD7>%?!E7!>#$8@GCEJ!!/;!EC%!D9$%8!@>!C%9H@8I!>C9?%?!?#%!E7!879?@$G!?7<=>(!E988!L#@8?@$G>(!7:!C%9HI!
<87#?>(!EC%:%!K@88!L%!8%>>!7#ED#EJ!
• +7::%<E!K@:%!>@U%>(!G77?!<7$$%<E@7$>(!9$?!G77?!%8%<E:@<98!F9@$E%$9$<%!D:9<E@<%>!9:%!>E@88!
:%m#@:%?!E7!G%E!EC%!L%>E!D%:;7:F9$<%!7#E!7;!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!
• A!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!K@88!G%$%:988I!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!
EC9$!EC%!>I>E%F!K@EC7#E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• O$?%:>E9$?@$G!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7;!EC%!E:9<E7:!@>!<:@E@<98!E7!F9=@$G!>#:%!EC%!:@GCE!<7FD7$%$E>!
9:%!>D%<@;@%?J!
• 4C%!9??@E@7$!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!E7!9!E:9<E7:!F9I!L7EC!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!:%?#<%!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!9>>@>E9$<%!<988>!?#%!E7!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!!/;!EC%:%!@>!9!D7>@E@H%!:%E#:$!7$!
@$H%>EF%$E!;7:!EC%!9??@E@7$!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F(!EC@>!@>!KC%:%!E7!%ZD%<E!EC%!>9H@$G>J!
Battery HVAC Support
X@EC!?:@H%:!9EE:9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$!L%<7F@$G!9!G:7K@$G!<7$<%:$!G@H%$!EC%!<#::%$E!?:@H%:!>C7:E9G%(b!
h<:%9E#:%!<7F;7:E>i!;7:!?:@H%:>!C9H%!L%<7F%!F7:%!@FD7:E9$E!EC9$!%H%:J!4C@>!@$<8#?%>!9#Z@8@9:I!<8@F9E%!
<7$E:78!>I>E%F>!8@=%!<9L@$!C%9E@$G(!H%$E@89E@7$(!9$?!9@:!<7$?@E@7$@$G!SM]A+T(!KC@<C!C9H%!L%<7F%!F7:%!
<7FF7$D89<%!@$!>8%%D%:!9$?!%H%$!?9I!<9L>!@$!:%<%$E!I%9:>!L%<9#>%!7;!EC%@:!9L@8@EI!E7!D:7H@?%!<8@F9E%!
<7$E:78!E7!EC%!E:#<=!<9L@$!KC@8%!EC%!E:#<=!@>!D9:=%?J!!
A$?!KC@8%!EC%!7:@G@$98!M]A+!>I>E%F>!K%:%!%$G@$%VL9>%?(!988!E:#<=!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!$7K!7;;%:!;9<E7:IV
@$>E988%?!L9EE%:IVL9>%?!S9J=J9J!%8%<E:@<T!>I>E%F>J!
B9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>!C9H%!G9@$%?!D7D#89:@EI!EC9$=>!E7!@$<:%9>%?!9$E@V@?8@$G!7:?@$9$<%>!9$?!$7@>%!
7:?@$9$<%>!9<:7>>!EC%!<7#$E:I(!9>!K%88!9>!:%?#<%?!F9@$E%$9$<%!9$?!7D%:9E@7$98!<7>E>!S<7FD9:%?!E7!
%$G@$%VL9>%?!>I>E%F>TJ!!
!
.@G#:%!*a5!M@>E7:@<98!A?7DE@7$!7;!/?8%!2%?#<E@7$!4%<C$787G@%>!!
S67#:<%5!-A+.1!A$$#98!.8%%E!.#%8!6#:H%I!&)*bT!
A>!-A+.1_>!&)*W!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E!7$!/?8%V2%?#<E@7$!678#E@7$>!;7#$?(!hEC%>%!>I>E%F>!<9DE#:%!%$%:GI!
D:7?#<%?!LI!EC%!E:#<=!%$G@$%_>!98E%:$9E7:!KC%$!EC%!E:#<=!@>!:#$$@$G!9$?!>E7:%!@E!@$!AQN!L9EE%:@%>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^W!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
XC%$!EC%!E:#<=!%$G@$%!@>!E#:$%?!7;;(!EC%!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!<9$!L%!#>%?!E7!D7K%:!9@:!
<7$?@E@7$@$G!9$?!C7E%8!879?>!9$?!@$!>7F%!<9>%>!C%9E@$G!>I>E%F>J!47!G%E!EC%!F7>E!;:7F!L9EE%:I!M]A+!
>I>E%F>(!?:@H%:>!>C7#8?!D:%V<778!EC%@:!E:#<=>(!D#88!<#:E9@$>!L%EK%%$!EC%!<9L!9$?!>8%%D%:!9$?!#>%!
K@$?7K!>C9?%>Ji'!
M7K%H%:(!C@>E7:@<988I(!F9$I!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>!C9H%!$7E!L%%$!9L8%!E7!D:7H@?%!%$7#GC!<778@$G!
<9D9<@EI!;7:!87$G!:%>E!D%:@7?>!7:!KC%$!7D%:9E@$G!@$!H%:I!C7E!E%FD%:9E#:%>J!,$%!>78#E@7$!E7!EC%!8@F@E%?!
L9EE%:I!8@;%!C9>!L%%$!E7!9??!9$!9#E7F9E@<!>E9:Ek>E7D!>I>E%F!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:I!KC%$!EC%!E:#<=!@>!
>E7DD%?!;7:!%ZE%$?%?!D%:@7?>!7;!E@F%!@$!7:?%:!E7!9887K!EC%!>I>E%F!E7!7D%:9E%!87$G%:J!4C@>!E%<C$787GI!
S?%><:@L%?!@$!F7:%!?%E9@8!89E%:!@$!EC%!+7FD8%F%$E9:I!4%<C$787GI!>%<E@7$T!F9@$E9@$>!>8%%D%:!
E%FD%:9E#:%>!9$?!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%!K@EC7#E!9??@$G!>@G$@;@<9$E!K%@GCE!7:!<7FD7$%$E:I!E7!EC%!H%C@<8%!7:!
@$<:%9>@$G!F9@$E%$9$<%!:%m#@:%F%$E>J!!
M7K%H%:(!EC%!E:#<=!>#??%$8I!E#:$@$G!7$!$%9:!EC%!%$?!7;!EC%!:%>E!D%:@7?!C9>!L%%$!=$7K$!E7!K9=%!
?:@H%:>(!?@>E#:L@$G!EC%!>8%%D!EC%!M]A+!>I>E%F!K9>!?%>@G$%?!E7!>#DD7:EJ!!
A$7EC%:!;8%%E!>E:9E%GI!;7:!7H%:<7F@$G!EC%!8@F@E%?!C7#:>!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F!<9$!;#$<E@7$!C9>!
L%%$!E7!#>%!EC%!>I>E%F>!@$!<7$\#$<E@7$!K@EC!7;;VL79:?!A+!D7K%:kE:#<=!>E7D!%8%<E:@;@<9E@7$J!M7K%H%:(!
E:#<=!>E7D!%8%<E:@;@<9E@7$!@>!;9:!;:7F!#L@m#@E7#>!9$?!EC%:%;7:%!<9$$7E!98K9I>!L%!:%8@%?!7$J!
1$E%:!>789:J!,$%!7;!EC%!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!@>!@E>!9L@8@EI!E7!%ZE%$?!EC%!:#$E@F%!7;!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>J!
4C%!@?%9!C%:%!@>!$7E!\#>E!E7!C%8D!EC%!M]A+!>I>E%F!F9=%!@E!;#:EC%:!EC:7#GC!EC%!:%>E!D%:@7?!L%;7:%!EC%!
%$G@$%!C9>!E7!L%!>E9:E%?(!L#E!98>7!E7!:%?#<%!EC%!879?!7$!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!EC%!$%ZE!?:@H@$G!D%:@7?(!:%>#8E@$G!
@$!9!>F988!9F7#$E!7;!;#%8!>9H@$G>J!!
4C@>!@>!L%<9#>%!L%>E!D:9<E@<%>!7;!>789:!<7$$%<E@7$!;7:!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>#DD7:E!?@<E9E%!EC9E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!
>C7#8?!L%!<7$$%<E%?!H@9!9!<C9:G%!<7$E:788%:!E7!EC%!F9@$!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!:9EC%:!EC9$!E7!EC%!9#Z@8@9:I!
L9EE%:@%>Je!A!L9EE%:I!>%D9:9E7:!@>!EC%$!#>%?!E7!<7$$%<E!EC%!EK7!L9EE%:I!L9$=>(!9887K@$G!%@EC%:!>I>E%F!E7!
<C9:G%!L#E!G@H@$G!D:@7:@EI!E7!EC%!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!#$E@8!9!>%E!H78E9G%!@>!9<C@%H%?!S@J%J(!*^J&TJ!4C%$!EC%!F9@$!
L9EE%:I!K@88!F7H%!%$%:GI!E7!EC%!9#Z@8@9:I!L9EE%:@%>!#$E@8!@E!:%9<C%>!9!87K!H78E9G%!EC:%>C78?!S@J%J(!*&JcT(!9E!
KC@<C!D7@$E!EC%!D:7<%>>!K7#8?!>E9:E!9G9@$J!4C@>!%$>#:%>!EC9E!EC%!L#:?%$!7$!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!E7!>E9:E!EC%!
F9@$!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!@>!=%DE!E7!9!F@$@F#F(!EC%:%LI!>9H@$G!;#%8J!S6%%!.@G#:%!*b!L%87KJT!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^c!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
.@G#:%!*b5!6789:!+7$$%<E%?!E7!4:#<=!B9EE%:@%>!!
S67#:<%5!27<=I!N7#$E9@$!/$>E@E#E%T!
Benefits of solar panels for battery HVACs:
49=%!@E!;:7F!7K$%:V7D%:9E7:(!M%$:I!A8L%:E(!KC7!@$!"#8I!&)*b(!@$>E988%?!EC:%%!^*)VK9EE!D9$%8>!7$!EC%!
:77;!7;!C@>!E:9@8%:J!A8L%:E!%ZD89@$>!EC9E!L%;7:%!EC%!D9$%8>(!9;E%:!9!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!:#$$@$G!C@>!L9EE%:I!
M]A+!>I>E%F(!C@>!L9EE%:I!H78E9G%!@$!EC%!F7:$@$G!K7#8?!L%!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!*&JaJ!B#E!$7K(!K@EC!EC%!
D9$%8>(!A8L%:E!>9I>!EC%!H78E9G%!@>!9L7#E!EC%!>9F%!KC%$!C%!K9=%>!#D(!L#E!LI!EC%!E@F%!C%_>!?:%>>%?(!
F9?%!EC%!L%?(!9$?!%9E%$!L:%9=;9>E(!EC%!H78E9G%!@>!#D!E7!9L7#E!*W!H78E>(!?%D%$?@$G!7$!C@>!D9:=@$G!
87<9E@7$!9$?!EC%!9$G8%!7;!EC%!>#$J*)!t-7E%5!M%$:I!A8L%:E!C9>!9!#$@m#%!>@E#9E@7$!@$!KC@<C!C@>!E:9<E7:!@>!
98K9I>!<7$$%<E%?!E7!EC%!>9F%!E:9@8%:J!4C%!>@U%!9$?!87<9E@7$!7;!EC@>!>%E!#D!Se^)!K9EE>!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:T!F9I!
$7E!L%!;%9>@L8%!;7:!7EC%:!?:@H%:>!KC7!?7$_E!98K9I>!C9H%!EC%!>9F%!E:9@8%:!9EE9<C%?Ju!
!
!
.@G#:%!*'5!6789:!39$%8>!N7#$E%?!E7!4:9@8%:!277;!!
S67#:<%5!4%9F!2#$!6F9:E**T!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^a!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
A$?!EC%:%!9:%!9??@E@7$98!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!E77J!.7:!%Z9FD8%(!A8L%:E!$7E%>!EC9E!C%!<9$!$7K!8%9H%!
C@>!E:#<=!:%;:@G%:9E7:!7$!:9EC%:!EC9$!#$879?@$G!988!7;!C@>!;77?!?#:@$G!E@F%!7;;!g!9G9@$(!9$7EC%:!h<:%9E#:%!
<7F;7:Ei!EC9E!F9=%>!9!?:@H%:_>!8@;%!\#>E!EC9E!F#<C!%9>@%:J!+89:=!2%%?(!KC7!C9>!L%%$!E%>E@$G!EK7!&&)V
K9EE!D9$%8>!;7:!-#>>L9#F(!$7E%?!>@F@89:!L%$%;@E>!KC%$!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!C@FJ!M%!98>7!$7E%?!EC9E!C%!<9$!
$7K!:#$!C@>!F@<:7K9H%!?#:@$G!9!:%>E!D%:@7?!K@EC7#E!C9H@$G!E7!@?8%!C@>!E:#<=!7:!K7::I!EC9E!C%!K7#8?!=@88!
EC%!E:#<=_>!L9EE%:@%>(!9>!C%!?@?!L%;7:%!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>J!M%!%>E@F9E%>!EC@>!>9H%>!C@F!;:7F!L#:$@$G!
9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!EK7!G9887$>!7;!?@%>%8!%9<C!K%%=%$?J!XC@8%!EC@>!F9I!$7E!>%%F!8@=%!F#<C!;#%8(!EC@>!9L@8@EI!
E7!:%;:9@$!;:7F!@?8@$G!EC%!E:#<=!@>!%>D%<@988I!$@<%!;7:!?:@H%:>!8@=%!2%%?!KC7!%9:$!L7$#>%>!L9>%?!7$!87K!
@?8@$G!E@F%>!g!9!<7FF7$!D:9<E@<%!@$!EC%!@$?#>E:IJ!!
B%<9#>%!?:@H%:>!9:%!C9DD@%:(!>789:!98>7!L%$%;@E>!;8%%E>!K@EC!:%>D%<E!E7!?:@H%:!9EE:9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$J!
A$?!KC@8%!@E_>!H%:I!C9:?!E7!m#9$E@;I!EC@>!S?#%!E7!EC%!$%9:!@FD7>>@L@8@EI!7;!=$7K@$G!%Z9<E8I!KCI!9!?:@H%:!
<C77>%>!E7!>E9I!7:!8%9H%!9!;8%%ET(!@E!K9>!7$%!7;!EC%!F9\7:!L%$%;@E>!$7E%?!LI!EC%!F9\7:@EI!7;!EC%!;8%%E>!K%!
>D7=%!K@EC!KC7!C9H%!<C7>%$!E7!@$H%>E!@$!>789:!;7:!E:9<E7:>J!69@?!7$%!;8%%E!F9$9G%:!K%!>D7=%!K@EC(!vNI!
?:@H%:>!#>%?!E7!98K9I>!<7F%!@$E7!FI!7;;@<%!<7FD89@$@$G!9L7#E!:#$E@F%!7;!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>J!
B#E!EC9Ew>!>E7DD%?!>@$<%!K%!L7#GCE!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>J!A$?!EC9E!987$%!F9=%>!@E!9!K7:ECKC@8%!@$H%>EF%$E!
;7:!F%Jv!A$?!K@EC!>@G$@$G!L7$#>%>!9E!>7F%!;8%%E>!%>E@F9E%?!E7!L%!L%EK%%$!f^()))!E7!fb()))(!7:!
%H%$!F7:%(!9$?!EC%!<7>E!7;!E:9@$@$G!9!$%K!?:@H%:!%>E@F9E%?!9E!fb()))(!9$I!@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!
:%E%$E@7$!<9$!F%9$!:%98!>9H@$G>!E7!9!;8%%EJ!.8%%E>!>C7#8?!EC%:%;7:%!<7$>@?%:!;9<E7:@$G!EC%>%!
:%?#<E@7$>!@$!:%<:#@E@$G(!E:9@$@$G(!9$?!:%E%$E@7$!<7>E>!@$E7!EC%@:!D9IL9<=!<98<#89E@7$>!KC%$!
%H98#9E@$G!>789:!>I>E%F>J!19<C!;8%%E!K@88!C9H%!E7!9>>@G$!9!H98#%!E7!EC7>%!;9<E7:>!L9>%?!7$!EC%@:!
=$7K8%?G%!7;!EC%@:!7K$!7D%:9E@7$>!9$?!EC%@:!>D%<@;@<!<#::%$E!<7>E>!;7:!EC%>%!9>D%<E>!7;!?:@H%:!
F9$9G%F%$EJ!SN7:%!@$;7!7$!EC@>!@$!EC%!4:%$?>!9$?!.#E#:%!3%:>D%<E@H%>!>%<E@7$JT!!
A8L%:E!98>7!%ZD%<E>!E7!>%%!9$!%ZE%$?%?!8@;%!;:7F!EC%!%@GCE!L9EE%:@%>!7$!C@>!E:#<=!S;7#:!F9@$!L9EE%:@%>!
9$?!;7#:!A3O!L9EE%:@%>T!?#%!E7!8%>>!;:%m#%$E!?%%D!<I<8@$GJ!N9$I!7;!EC%!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!9$?!L9EE%:I!
%ZD%:E>!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!<7$;@:F%?!EC9E!L9EE%:I!8@;%!g!KC%EC%:!E:9?@E@7$98!;877?%?!<%88!7:!AQN!g!<7#8?!L%!
%ZE%$?%?!?:9F9E@<988I!g!D7>>@L8I!%H%$!#D!E7!?7#L8%!EC%!8@;%J!4C9E!<9$!F9=%!9!C#G%!?@;;%:%$<%!;7:!;8%%E>!
8@=%!EC7>%!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!EC9E!9:%!7$!9!;7#:VI%9:!E:9?%!<I<8%!K@EC!EC%@:!E:#<=>!9$?!E%$?!E7!:%D89<%!988!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!9;E%:!9L7#E!EK7!I%9:>J!X@EC!>789:(!EC%I!F9I!$7K!L%!9L8%!E7!F9=%!EC%!;9<E7:I!L9EE%:@%>!89>E!EC%!
;#88!;7#:!I%9:>(!9!>9H@$G>(!KC@<C(!987$%(!<9$!G7!9!87$G!K9I!E7K9:?!D9I@$G!L9<=!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%!>789:!
>I>E%FJ!4C7#GC!@E_>!@FD7:E9$E!E7!$7E%!EC9E!>@$<%!>789:!@>!>#<C!9!$%K!E%<C$787GI!@$!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I(!
%H%$!EC%!;8%%E>!EC9E!C9H%!L%%$!%ZD%:@F%$E@$G!K@EC!@E!EC%!87$G%>E!C9H%$_E!C9?!@E!87$G!%$7#GC!E7!<7$;@:F!
7:!?%$I!EC%!:%98VK7:8?!:%>#8E>!K@EC!:%G9:?!E7!L9EE%:I!8@;%!%ZE%$>@7$J!!!
A$7EC%:!L%$%;@E!7;!C9H@$G!>789:!<7$$%<E%?!E7!EC%!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!@>!EC9E!@E!D7E%$E@988I!:%?#<%>(!@;!$7E!
%8@F@$9E%>(!<7>E8I!:79?>@?%!9>>@>E9$<%!<988>!;7:!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!A!D:7D%:8I!K@:%?!9$?!F9$9G%?!>789:!
>I>E%F!@>!9L8%!E7!E:@<=8%!<C9:G%!EC%!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>(!%$>#:@$G!EC%I!F9@$E9@$!9!F@$@F#F!H78E9G%(!KC%EC%:!
7H%:!9!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!7:!9!^WVC7#:!:%>E9:EJ!"#>E!7$%!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988!E7!\#FDV>E9:E!7:!
:%D89<%!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>!<9$!L%!9>!F#<C!9>!fa))(!?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!?@>E9$<%!;:7F!C%8D!9$?!7$VEC%V:79?!
D:@<@$GJ!!!A<<7:?@$G!E7!EC%!;8%%E>!K%!>#:H%I%?(!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!7$%!?%9?!L9EE%:I!<988!D%:!E:#<=!D%:!I%9:!@>!
9H%:9G%(!F9=@$G!EC%!D9IL9<=!7$!9!>789:!>I>E%F!EK7!I%9:>!F9Z@F#F!\#>E!:%8I@$G!7$!EC@>!7$%!L%$%;@EJ!!
,$%!9??@E@7$98!L%$%;@E!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!@>!EC%@:!>@FD8@<@EIJ!N7>E!D9$%8>!7$!EC%!F9:=%E!E7?9I!:%m#@:%!
$7!9??@E@7$98!F9@$E%$9$<%(!>9H%!D%:C9D>!<8%9$@$G!EC%F!7;;!>C7#8?!EC%I!L%<7F%!<7H%:%?!K@EC!>$7KJ!
B#E!7EC%:!EC9$!EC9E(!?:@H%:>!$%%?!$7E!?7!9$IEC@$G!?@;;%:%$E8IJ!/$!;9<E(!%Z<%DE!;7:!EC%!F7$@E7:@$G!
%m#@DF%$E!@$!EC%!<9L(!?:@H%:>!F@GCE!$7E!%H%$!=$7K!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!9:%!EC%:%J!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^b!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
!
.@G#:%!*e5!1Z9FD8%!2%F7E%!@$!+9L!6C7K@$G!+C9:G%!6E9E#>!
S67#:<%5!B8#%!6=I!1$%:GI*&T!
Challenges of solar panels for battery HVACs:
XC@8%!EC%:%!9:%!<8%9:8I!9!87E!7;!:%9>7$>!;7:!;8%%E>!E7!<7$>@?%:!@$H%>E@$G!@$!>789:!;7:!L9EE%:I!M]A+!
>#DD7:E(!7$%!7LH@7#>!<C988%$G%!K@EC!>789:!E%<C$787GI!@>!EC%!@$@E@98!>I>E%F!<7>E!9$?!@$>E9889E@7$J!,;!
<7#:>%(!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%!>I>E%F!K7#8?!L%!9F7:E@U%?!7H%:!EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!E:#<=!@E!@>!@$>E988%?!7$J!4C7#GC!
L%<9#>%!E:9<E7:>!EID@<988I!C9H%!>C7:E%:!E:9?%!<I<8%>!EC9$!E:9@8%:>(!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!<9$!L%!>D:%9?!7H%:!9!
;%K%:!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>!EC9$!EC9E!;7:!9!>I>E%F!7$!9!E:9@8%:!SF7:%!7$!EC@>!89E%:TJ!A$?!;8%%E>_!D#:<C9>@$G!
?%D9:EF%$E>!F9I!C9H%!D9IL9<=!:%m#@:%F%$E>!;7:!@$H%>EF%$E>!EC9E!9:%!F#<C!>C7:E%:!EC9$!EC%@:!$7:F98!
E:9?%!<I<8%>J!
/E!@>!98>7!@FD7:E9$E!E7!$7E%!EC9E!:%>#8E>!F9I!H9:I(!?%D%$?@$G!7$!F9$I!7;!EC%!EC@$G>!F%$E@7$%?!%9:8@%:!@$!
EC@>!:%D7:E!SG%7G:9DC@<!87<9E@7$(!K%9EC%:(!%E<JT(!L#E!98>7!?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!;8%%E>_!?:@H%:>_!><C%?#8%>J!
.7:!%Z9FD8%(!@;!9!;8%%E_>!L@GG%>E!<7$<%:$!@>!%ZE%$?@$G!EC%!:#$E@F%!7;!EC%!M]A+!>I>E%F(!@E_>!@FD7:E9$E!E7!
#$?%:>E9$?!EC9E!:#$E@F%!<9$!L%!%ZE%$?%?!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!87$G%:!KC%$!EC%!?:@H%:_>!:%>E!D%:@7?!@$<8#?%>!
?9I8@GCE!C7#:>!EC9$!@E!<9$!L%!@;!EC9E!:%>E!D%:@7?!@>!988!9E!$@GCEJ!09I8@GCE!C7#:>!K@88!L%!@FD9<E%?!LI!
>%9>7$98@EI!S@J%J!F7:%!@$!EC%!>#FF%:Tl!C7K%H%:(!EC%!L@GG%>E!?@;;%:%$<%!K@88!<7F%!;:7F!KC%EC%:!EC%!
?:@H%:>!E%$?!E7!?:@H%!9E!$@GCE!9$?!>8%%D!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I!g!>7F%EC@$G!F7>E!?7!$7E!:@GCE!$7KJ!S6%%!EC%!
4:%$?>!9$?!.#E#:%!3%:>D%<E@H%>!>%<E@7$!;7:!F7:%!@$;7:F9E@7$!7$!C7K!EC@>!F9I!L%!<C9$G@$GJT!
A$7EC%:!D7E%$E@98!<C988%$G%!:%G9:?@$G!>789:!;7:!M]A+!>#DD7:E!@>!EC%!EID@<98!E:9<E7:!E:9?%!<I<8%!@$!EC%!
@$?#>E:IJ!B9>%?!7$!7#:!@$E%:H@%K>(!9$!9H%:9G%!E:9?%!<I<8%!;7:!E:9<E7:>!@>!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!;7#:!I%9:>J!
M7K%H%:(!EC%!9H%:9G%!K9::9$EI!;7:!9!>789:!>I>E%F!@>!;@H%!I%9:>J!4C%:%;7:%(!%H%$!@;!9!;8%%E!D#:<C9>%>!
>789:!;7:!@E>!L:9$?V$%K!E:#<=>(!EC%I!K7$_E!L%!:%98@U@$G!EC%@:!;#88!L%$%;@E!@;!EC%I!E:9?%!EC%!E:#<=!9;E%:!7$8I!
;7#:!I%9:>J!4C%:%!9:%!9!;%K!D7E%$E@98!><%$9:@7>!C%:%J!,$%!>E:9E%GI!@>!EC9E!;8%%E>!%ZE%$?!EC%@:!E:9?%!<I<8%!
g!9$!9<E@7$!EC9E!F9I!L%!C%8D%?!LI!>789:_>!D7E%$E@98!9L@8@EI!E7!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!E7!EC@>!E@F%;:9F%J!
A$7EC%:!>E:9E%GI!K7#8?!L%!E7!E:I!E7!:%F7H%!EC%!D9$%8>!9$?!:%V@$>E988!EC%F!7$!9!$%K!E:#<=J!M7K%H%:(!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^'!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
EC%!D:7<%>>!7;!9DD8I@$G!C%9E!9$?!D%%8@$G!7;;!EC%!F7?#8%!K7#8?!8@=%8I!?9F9G%!EC%!>789:!D9$%8(!>7!@E_>!
F7:%!8@=%8I!EC9E!9!;8%%E!K7#8?!@$>E988!9!$%K!D9$%8!L#E!E:9$>;%:!EC%!:%>E!7;!EC%!=@E!SK@:@$G(!<C9:G%!
<7$E:788%:(!%E<JT!9<:7>>J!39$%8>!9:%!>78?!>%D9:9E%8I!;7:!EC@>!D#:D7>%J!
4C%:%!@>!98>7!EC%!D7>>@L@8@EI!EC9E!EC%!F9:=%E!?%H%87D>!E7!EC%!D7@$E!EC9E!EC%:%!@>!9!:%>@?#98!H98#%!;7:!>789:!
D9$%8>!7$!E:9<E7:>J!4C7#GC!?#%!E7!EC%!:%<%$E!$9E#:%!7;!EC%!E%<C$787GI!9$?!EC%!:%89E@H%!#$<%:E9@$EI!EC9E!
>#::7#$?>!@E(!EC@>!:%>98%!H98#%!?7%>!$7E!>%%F!E7!%Z@>E!E7?9IJ!!!
1H%$!EC7#GC!9!;8%%E!F9I!$7E!D89$!E7!#>%!>789:!;7:!@E>!;#88!;@H%VI%9:!8@;%E@F%(!EC9E!?7%>!$7E!F%9$!EC9E!@E!@>!
$7E!9!G77?!@$H%>EF%$EJ!A>!K@EC!%9<C!7;!EC%!#>%!<9>%>!K%!K@88!?@><#>>!@$!EC@>!:%D7:E(!@E!@>!@FD7:E9$E!EC9E!
;8%%E>!;@:>E!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!<C988%$G%>!EC%I_:%!E:I@$G!E7!9??:%>>!@;!EC%I!9:%!E7!L%!9L8%!E7!9<<#:9E%8I!
?%E%:F@$%!EC%!D7E%$E@98!;7:!>789:!E7!9??:%>>!EC%>%!<C988%$G%>J!
!
Hotel Load Support
A$7EC%:!9DD8@<9E@7$!7;!>789:!;7:!E:9<E7:>!@>!E7!C%8D!D7K%:!C7E%8!879?>!;7:!>8%%D%:!E:9<E7:>!K@EC7#E!9!
L9EE%:I!M]A+J!A>!%8%<E:@<!?%H@<%>!9$?!9DD8@9$<%>!L%<7F%!F7:%!9$?!F7:%!D7D#89:!9$?!F7:%!9$?!F7:%!
%ZD%<E%?!@$!<9L>(!EC%>%!@E%F>!<9$!D89<%!9$!%$7:F7#>!879?!7$!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!1Z9FD8%>!7;!
?%H@<%>!EC9E!<7$E:@L#E%!E7!C7E%8!879?>!@$<8#?%5!
• 2%;:@G%:9E7:>!
• 4]>!
• +7;;%%!D7E>!
• N@<:7K9H%>!
• P9DE7D!<7FD#E%:>!
• +3A3!F9<C@$%>!
• +%88!DC7$%!<C9:G%:>!
• 0]0!D89I%:>!
!
4C%>%!?%H@<%>!<9$!?:9K!9$IKC%:%!;:7F!*)!K9EE>!;7:!9!<%88!DC7$%!<C9:G%:!#D!E7!*(&))!K9EE>!7:!F7:%!;7:!
9!<7;;%%!F9=%:!S@$!L:%K!F7?%T!7:!9!F@<:7K9H%!7H%$J*^!/$!9??@E@7$(!EC%!<7FL@$%?!879?!7;!988!7;!EC%>%!
?%H@<%>!<9$!7$8I!L%!>#>E9@$%?!;7:!>7!87$G!LI!EC%!E:#<=_>!L9EE%:@%>!L%;7:%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!:%9<C!9!<:@E@<988I!
87K!H78E9G%J!!
67!9G9@$(!K@EC!?:@H%:!:%E%$E@7$!9$?!<:%9E#:%!<7F;7:E>!L%@$G!9!F9\7:!@>>#%!;7:!EC%!@$?#>E:I(!F9$I!;8%%E>!
9:%!877=@$G!;7:!K9I>!E7!%ZE%$?!EC%!9F7#$E!7;!E@F%!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!@>!9L8%!E7!>#DD7:E!EC%>%!
C7E%8!879?>!g!9E!9!F@$@F#F(!E7!EC%!;#88!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?(!9$?!@?%988I(!E7!EC%!;#88!^WVC7#:!:%>E9:E!
D%:@7?J!4C%I!98>7!$%%?!E7!%$>#:%!EC9E!EC%!E:#<=_>!L9EE%:@%>!C9H%!%$7#GC!H78E9G%!9E!EC%!%$?!7;!EC%>%!
D%:@7?>!E7!>E9:E!EC%!E:#<=J!,EC%:K@>%(!K@EC7#E!E%<C$787GI!8@=%!9$!9#E7F9E@<!%$G@$%!>E9:EV>E7D!?%H@<%(!
EC%!C7E%8!879?>!<9$!?:9K!?7K$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!>7!F#<C!EC9E!EC%I!:%>#8E!@$!9$!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988!E7!
:%D89<%!7:!\#FDV>E9:E!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!!!
,$%!>78#E@7$!E7!EC@>!<C988%$G%!@>!E7!9??!9??@E@7$98!L9EE%:I!D9<=>!7:!A3O>!E7!EC%!E:#<=J!M7K%H%:(!
9??@E@7$98!L9EE%:@%>!<9$!L%!m#@E%!<7>E8I(!9>!K%88!9>!C%9HIJ!XC@8%!EC%!F9\7:@EI!7;!E:#<=>!7$!EC%!:79?!E7?9I!
<#L%!7#E!L%;7:%!EC%I!K%@GCE!7#E(!$7!7$%!K9$E>!E7!L%!C9#8@$G!F7:%!$7$VD9I879?!K%@GCE!EC9$!EC%I!C9H%!
E7J!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ^e!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
A$7EC%:!D7E%$E@98!>78#E@7$!@>!E7!@$H%>E!@$!9$!9#E7F9E@<!%$G@$%!>E9:EV>E7D!>I>E%FJ!6@F@89:!E7!KC9E!K9>!
F%$E@7$%?!9L7#E!EC@>!E%<C$787GI!@$!EC%!M]A+!#>%!<9>%(!EC%>%!?%H@<%>!F9@$E9@$!C7E%8!879?>!9$?!L9EE%:I!
<C9:G%>!K@EC7#E!9??@$G!>@G$@;@<9$E!K%@GCE!E7!EC%!H%C@<8%!7:!@$<:%9>@$G!F9@$E%$9$<%!:%m#@:%F%$E>J!
M7K%H%:(!@E!K@88!8@=%8I!@$<:%9>%!@?8%!E@F%(!9$?!;:7F!9!<:%9E#:%!<7F;7:E!>E9$?D7@$E(!F9$I!?:@H%:>!
<7FD89@$!7;!L%@$G!K7=%$!@$!EC%!%9:8I!C7#:>!7;!EC%!F7:$@$G!KC%$!EC%!?%H@<%!>E9:E>!EC%!E:#<=!%$G@$%J!!
A$7EC%:!>78#E@7$!E7!EC@>!<C988%$G%!@>!E7!F7#$E!9!>789:!D9$%8!7$!EC%!E:9<E7:!E7!C%8D!=%%D!EC%!E:#<=!
L9EE%:@%>!<C9:G%?J!A>!87$G!9>!EC%!>#$!@>!>C@$@$G(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!D:7H@?%!9!>F988!L#E!<7$>E9$E!<#::%$E!
E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>(!C%8D@$G!%$>#:%!EC%:%!@>!%$7#GC!D7K%:!E7!$7E!7$8I!>#DD7:E!EC%!C7E%8!879?>!L#E!98>7!E7!
=%%D!EC%!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>!<C9:G%?J!!
6789:!;7:!C7E%8!879?!>#DD7:E!@>!>D%<@;@%?!9$?!@$>E988%?!@$!F#<C!EC%!>9F%!K9I!9>!>789:!;7:!M]A+!>#DD7:E(!
%Z<%DE!EC9E!@E_>!>@U%?!;7:!EC%!>D%<@;@<!C7E%8!879?>!@$!EC%!<9L!9$?!@>!<7$$%<E%?!E7!EC%!F9@$!E:#<=!>E9:E%:!
L9EE%:@%>!:9EC%:!EC9$!E7!L7EC!EC%!>E9:E%:!L9EE%:@%>!9$?!EC%!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>J!!
Benefits of solar panels for hotel loads:
• 4C%!%ZE:9!D7K%:!9H9@89L8%!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!9#GF%$E!EC9E!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!E:#<=!
L9EE%:@%>!9$?!#8E@F9E%8I!F9@$E9@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%J!
• N9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!K@88!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!<7FD9:%?!
E7!9!>I>E%F!K@EC!$7!>789:!D9$%8J!
• N9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!>C7#8?!98>7!F@$@F@U%!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!E7!:%D89<%!7:!\#FDV>E9:E!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>!7:!@$<@?%$E>!KC%:%!EC%!H%C@<8%!
F#>E!L%!@?8%?!\#>E!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
• N9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!K@88!9887K!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!E7!>#DD7:E!
C7E%8!879?>!;7:!87$G%:!D%:@7?>!7;!E@F%(!EC%:%LI!@$<:%9>@$G!?:@H%:!<7F;7:EJ!.7:!%Z9FD8%(!9>!K%!
F%$E@7$%?!@$!EC%!D:%H@7#>!>%<E@7$!7$!M]A+!>#DD7:E(!E:9<E7:VF7#$E%?!>789:!$7K!F%9$>!?:@H%:>!
?7!$7E!$%%?!E7!%FDEI!7#E!9$?!E#:$!7;;!EC%@:!@$V<9L!:%;:@G%:9E7:!%H%:I!E@F%!EC%I_:%!C7F%!;7:!9!
^WVC7#:!:%>E9:EJ!4C@>!>7:E!7;!9??%?!<:%9E#:%!<7F;7:E!<9$!8%9?!E7!:%?#<%?!<7>E>!;7:!?:@H%:!
9EE:9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$J!S6%%!EC%!4:%$?>!9$?!.#E#:%!3%:>D%<E@H%>!>%<E@7$!;7:!F7:%!
@$;7:F9E@7$JT!!
• 4C%:%!@>!9!;#%8!<7$>#FDE@7$!L%$%;@E!;:7F!$7E!C9H@$G!E7!@?8%!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!D7K%:!C7E%8!879?>J!
/?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!;7:!EC@>!D#:D7>%!K@88!<7$>#F%!9L7#E!*!G9887$kC7#:!7;!;#%8J!!Q%$%:988I(!K%!EC@$=!
EC@>!L%$%;@E!@>!m#@E%!>F988J!
Challenges of solar panels for hotel loads:
• /$@E@98!>I>E%F!<7>E!9$?!@$>E9889E@7$J!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC@>!>I>E%F!K7#8?!L%!9F7:E@U%?!7H%:!
EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!E:9<E7:!@E!@>!@$>E988%?!7$J!!4C7#GC!E:9<E7:>!EID@<988I!C9H%!>C7:E%:!E:9?%!<I<8%>!EC9$!
E:9@8%:>(!>7!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!<9$!L%!>D:%9?!7H%:!9!;%K%:!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>!EC9$!EC%!E:9@8%:!#>%!
<9>%>!?%><:@L%?!89E%:!@$!EC@>!:%D7:EJ!
• 4C%:%!@>!>7F%!>F988!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E7D!7;!9!E:9<E7:J!!
,<<9>@7$98!<8%9$@$G!K@88!@FD:7H%!D%:;7:F9$<%J!!18%<E:@<98!D%:;7:F9$<%!$%%?>!E7!L%!<C%<=%?!
D%:@7?@<988I!E7!9>>#:%!EC%!>I>E%F!@>!K7:=@$G!D:7D%:8IJ!!3%:C9D>!9!;%K!>I>E%F!<C%<=>!>C7#8?!L%!
@$E%G:9E%?!@$!EC%!$7:F98!L9EE%:I!3N!D:7G:9F!;7:!EC%!H%C@<8%J!
• /E!@>!#$8@=%8I!EC9E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$!K@88!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!<C9$G%!EC%!:%>@?#98!H98#%!7;!EC%!
%m#@DF%$E(!>7!EC@>!>C7#8?!$7E!L%!@$<8#?%?!@$!2,/!<98<#89E@7$>J!
• +#::%$E!@$>E9889E@7$!E%<C$@m#%>!?7!$7E!9887K!;7:!%9>I!:%F7H98!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!;:7F!9!D@%<%!7;!
%m#@DF%$E!>7!EC9E!EC%I!<9$!L%!:%@$>E988%?!7$!9$7EC%:!H%C@<8%J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• N9$I!;8%%E>!?7!$7E!C9H%!9!G77?!C9$?8%!7$!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!;:%m#%$<Ik<7>E>!7:!<7>E>!;7:!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!:%89E%?!E7!?%9?!E:#<=!L9EE%:@%>J!!4C@>!<7FD8@<9E%>!%>E@F9E@$G!EC%!
@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>J!
Trailer Applications
4:9@8%:>!C9H%!E:9?@E@7$988I!L%%$!D7K%:%?!LI!EC%!>%H%$VK9I!<7$$%<E7:!L%EK%%$!EC%!E:9<E7:!9$?!EC%!
E:9@8%:!?%;@$%?!LI!EC%!6A1!"ca)!>E9$?9:?J!!4C@>!>E9$?9:?!K9>!7:@G@$988I!?%;@$%?!E7!D7K%:!L:9=%>!9$?!
:#$$@$G!8@GCE>(!L8@$=%:>(!%E<J!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!K@EC!EC%!>7#:<%!7;!EC%!D7K%:!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:J!!
M7K%H%:(!9>!E:9@8%:>!C9H%!%H78H%?(!9!$#FL%:!7;!7EC%:!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!C9H%!L%%$!9??%?!E7!E:9@8%:>!EC9E!
F9=%!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!F7:%!<7FD8@<9E%?J!!1Z9FD8%>!7;!EC%>%!@$<8#?%5!
• 4:9@8%:!AB6!<7$E:78>!9$?!89FD>!
• P@;EG9E%>!
• 2%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>!
• 4%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!;7:!87<9E@7$!9$?!<9:G7!F7$@E7:@$G!
• 18%<E:@<!D988%E!\9<=>!
• /$E%:@7:!E:9@8%:!8@GCE>!
67F%!7;!EC%>%!879?>!C9H%!9??@E@7$98!?%F9$?>!EC9E!:%m#@:%!EC9E!L9EE%:@%>(!7:!9$7EC%:!>7#:<%!7;!
%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:(!L%!9??%?!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:J!!/;!EC%!<#::%$E!$%%?%?!;7:!9$!@E%F(!8@=%!@$!EC%!<9>%!7;!9!8@;EG9E%(!
@>!C@GC%:!EC9$!EC%!K@:%>!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!<9$!<9::I!>9;%8I(!EC%$!L9EE%:@%>!F#>E!L%!#>%?!E7!D7K%:!EC%FJ!!
/$!9??@E@7$(!D7K%:!@>!;:%m#%$E8I!$%<%>>9:I!;7:!EC%>%!@E%F>!KC%$!EC%!E:9@8%:!@>!?@><7$$%<E%?!;:7F!EC%!
E:9<E7:J!!1Z9FD8%>!7;!EC@>!@$<8#?%!7D%:9E@$G!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>!9$?!E:9@8%:!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>J!!6@$<%!EC%!
%m#@DF%$E!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!C9>!9!K@?%!H9:@%EI!7;!?%F9$?>(!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!
F#>E!L%!>D%<@;@%?!E7!%$>#:%!EC9E!9?%m#9E%!D7K%:!@>!9H9@89L8%!E7!D%:;7:F!988!EC%!;#$<E@7$>!7;!EC%!
H%C@<8%J!
!
.@G#:%!&)5!6789:!D9$%8>!F7#$E%?!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!
S3C7E7>!<7#:E%>I!7;!.:%@GCE8@$%:!4:#<=>T!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W*!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
,$<%!EC%:%!9:%!L9EE%:@%>!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!EC9E!<9$!L%!?@><C9:G%?(!EC%$!EC%I!F#>E!L%!:%<C9:G%?!;:7F!EC%!
98E%:$9E7:!7$!EC%!E:9<E7:!%$G@$%!7:!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!7$!EC%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!@;!EC9E!E:9@8%:!@>!>7!%m#@DD%?J!!
/$!>7F%!<9>%>(!EC%!K@:@$G!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!G7@$G!EC:7#GC!EC%!6A1!"ca)!<7$$%<E7:!@>!$7E!7;!>#;;@<@%$E!>@U%!
E7!<9::I!EC%!<#::%$E!E7!L7EC!<C9:G%!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!9>!K%88!9>!?:@H%!988!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!EC9E!EC%!
E:9@8%:!C9>J!!/$!EC%>%!<9>%>(!9$!9??@E@7$98!<9L8%!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!@>!9??%?!S<988%?!9!>E@$G%:T!
E7!%$>#:%!>#;;@<@%$E!<#::%$E!@>!9H9@89L8%!E7!L7EC!<C9:G%!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!9>!K%88!9>!E9=%!<9:%!7;!EC%!
%8%<E:@<98!879?>J!
A$!@>>#%!EC9E!;:%m#%$E8I!7<<#:>!7$!E:9@8%:>!K@EC!8@;EG9E%>!9$?!7EC%:!879?>!@>!EC9E!EC%!H78E9G%!?:7D!<9#>%?!
LI!%8%<E:@<98!:%>@>E9$<%!@$!EC%!87$G!K@:%!8%$GEC>!9$?!<7$$%<E@7$>!@>!C@GC!%$7#GC!EC9E!>#;;@<@%$E!<#::%$E!@>!
$7E!9H9@89L8%!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!E7!<C9:G%!EC%F!9E!9!:%9>7$9L8I!;9>E!:9E%J!!XC%$!EC@>!C9DD%$>(!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!<9$!:#$!7#E!7;!<9D9<@EI!L%;7:%!EC%!%$?!7;!9!>C@;E!9$?!:%>#8E!@$!EC%!$%%?!;7:!%F%:G%$<I!
:79?>@?%!9>>@>E9$<%!E7!:%D89<%!7:!\#FDV>E9:E!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!!!
4C%:%!9:%!F#8E@D8%!>78#E@7$>!E7!EC@>!=@$?!7;!D:7L8%FJ!!,$%!EC9E!C9>!L%%$!%FD87I%?!;7:!>7F%!I%9:>!@>!E7!
D#E!9!H78E9G%!<7$H%:E%:!$%9:!EC%!E:9@8%:!>%H%$VK9I!<7$$%<E7:!EC9E!K@88!L77>E!EC%!H78E9G%!E7!9!C@GC%:!
8%H%8!9$?!9887K!>#;;@<@%$E!<#::%$E!E7!;87K!E7!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!;7:!<C9:G@$GJ!!,;!<7#:>%(!9??@$G!9$!9??@E@7$98!
L9EE%:I!@>!98>7!9$!7DE@7$(!L#E!EC9E!@$<#:>!9$!9??@E@7$98!<7>E(!9$?!K@:@$G!@>>#%>!F#>E!L%!;@Z%?!7:!EC%!>9F%!
D:7L8%F!<9$!:%<#:J!
A$7EC%:!>78#E@7$!E7!EC@>!?@8%FF9!@>!E7!F7#$E!9!>789:!D9$%8!9$?!<C9:G%!<7$H%:E%:!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!E7!
>#DD8%F%$E!EC%!<#::%$E!EC9E!@>!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!;7:!L9EE%:I!<C9:G@$GJ!!A>!87$G!9>!EC%!>#$!@>!
>C@$@$G(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!D:7H@?%!9!>F988!L#E!<7$>E9$E!<#::%$E!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!EC9E!K@88!
>#DD8%F%$E!9$I!D7K%:!EC9E!@>!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!7:!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!98E%:$9E7:J!
[%I!@E%F>!E7!=%%D!@$!F@$?!KC%$!>D%<@;I@$G!9!>789:!D9$%8!9>!D9:E!7;!9!>78#E@7$!E7!E:9@8%:!%8%<E:@<98!
?%F9$?>!@$<8#?%5!
• A!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!G%$%:988I!<9$$7E!>#DD8I!EC%!<#::%$E!$%<%>>9:I!E7!?:@H%!89:G%!E:9@8%:!879?>!
8@=%!8@;EG9E%>!7:!>E9:E@$G!EC%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!%$G@$%J!!M7K%H%:(!@E!F9I!C9H%!%$7#GC!<#::%$E!
9H9@89L8%!E7!D7K%:!>F988!879?>!8@=%!E:9@8%:!@$E%:@7:!8@GCE@$G!7:!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!KC%$!EC%!
>I>E%F!@>!9<E@H%J!
• 4C%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!K@88!7$8I!>#DD8I!9??@E@7$98!D7K%:!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I!KC%$!EC%!D9$%8!@>!
%ZD7>%?!E7!>@G$@;@<9$E!8@GCEJ!!/;!EC%!D9$%8!@>!C%9H@8I!>C9?%?!?#%!E7!879?@$G!?7<=>(!E988!L#@8?@$G>(!
7:!C%9HI!<87#?>(!EC%!7#ED#E!K@88!L%!8%>>J!
• B9EE%:I!9$?!K@:@$G!>D%<@;@<9E@7$>!>C7#8?!$7E!<C9$G%!9>!9!:%>#8E!7;!@$>E988@$G!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!
E7!>#DD8%F%$E!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:J!!4C@>!K7#8?!@$<8#?%!EC%!#>%!7;!>E@$G%:!<9L8%>!@;!EC%I!9:%!
:%m#@:%?J!
• +7::%<E!K@:%!>@U%>(!G77?!<7$$%<E@7$>(!9$?!G77?!%8%<E:@<98!F9@$E%$9$<%!D:9<E@<%>!9:%!>E@88!
:%m#@:%?!E7!G%E!EC%!L%>E!D%:;7:F9$<%!7#E!7;!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!
• A!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!K@88!G%$%:988I!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!
EC9$!EC%!>I>E%F!K@EC7#E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!
• O$?%:>E9$?@$G!EC%!?#EI!<I<8%!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!;7:!9!>D%<@;@<!7D%:9E@7$!@>!<:@E@<98!E7!
F9=@$G!>#:%!EC%!:@GCE!<7FD7$%$E>!9:%!>D%<@;@%?!E7!>9E@>;I!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!879?>J!
• 4C%!9??@E@7$!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!E7!9!E:9@8%:!F9I!L7EC!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!:%?#<%!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!?#%!E7!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!!/;!EC%:%!@>!9!D7>@E@H%!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$E!;7:!
EC%!9??@E@7$!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F(!EC@>!@>!KC%:%!E7!%ZD%<E!EC%!>9H@$G>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• /E!F9I!L%!D7>>@L8%!E7!%8@F@$9E%!9!E:9@8%:!H78E9G%!<7$H%:E%:!@;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!@>!
@FD8%F%$E%?J!!X%!>E:7$G8I!%$<7#:9G%!>7F%!E%>E@$G!L%;7:%C9$?!E7!H98@?9E%!KC%EC%:!EC9E!
K7#8?!L%!9!G77?!<C7@<%!?#:@$G!EC%!E:9@8%:!%m#@DF%$E!>D%<@;@<9E@7$!D:7<%>>J!
!
Liftgate Support
4C@>!#>%!<9>%!@>!E7!C%8D!%H98#9E%!EC%!L%$%;@E>!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!7$!9!E:9@8%:!7:!L7Z!E:#<=!EC9E!@>!
%m#@DD%?!K@EC!9!8@;EG9E%!>I>E%F!;7:!879?@$G!9$?!#$879?@$GJ!!/$!EC@>!<9>%(!EC%!9>>#FDE@7$!@>!EC9E!EC%!
E:9@8%:!7:!L7Z!@>!$7E!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!9!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!>7!EC%!D7K%:!E7!:%<C9:G%!EC%!8@;EG9E%!L9EE%:@%>!
K7#8?!<7F%!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!%$G@$%!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%FJ!!/;!9!>789:!D9$%8!@>!@$<8#?%?(!K%!K@88!9>>#F%!EC9E!
@E!K7#8?!F7#$E!7$!EC%!E7D!;89E!>#:;9<%!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:!7:!L7ZJ!
.@G#:%!&*5!6789:!D9$%8>!F7#$E%?!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!E7!D7K%:!9!8@;EG9E%!>I>E%F!
S67#:<%5!Q7!37K%:x*WT!
P@;EG9E%>!<7F%!@$!F9$I!<7$;@G#:9E@7$>!9$?!K%@GCE!<9D9<@E@%>(!?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%@:!@$E%$?%?!#>%J!!/$!
9??@E@7$(!8@;EG9E%>!G%E!#>%?!@$!9!H9:@%EI!7;!?@;;%:%$E!K9I>!L7EC!@$!;:%m#%$<I!7;!#>%!9$?!EID@<98!K%@GCE!
<9::@%?J!!67F%!<@E@%>!C9H%!$7!@?8%!:%m#@:%F%$E>!KC%:%!?%8@H%:I!E:#<=>!9:%!$7E!9887K%?!E7!@?8%!KC@8%!
;:%@GCE!@>!L%@$G!879?%?!7:!#$879?%?J!!4C%:%;7:%(!9>>#F@$G!$7!>C7:%!D7K%:(!EC%!8@;EG9E%!F#>E!7D%:9E%!
7$8I!7$!L9EE%:I!D7K%:!>@$<%!@E!@>!G%EE@$G!$7!C%8D!;:7F!EC%!%$G@$%!98E%:$9E7:J!!47!E:#8I!%H98#9E%!EC%!
L%$%;@E!EC9E!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!F@GCE!G@H%!9!D9:E@<#89:!8@;EG9E%!<7$;@G#:9E@7$!K7#8?!:%m#@:%!9$98IU@$G!
EC%!;9<E7:>!9L7H%!D8#>!#$?%:>E9$?@$G!EC%!;8%%E!C@>E7:I!7;!>@F@89:!9DD8@<9E@7$>!@$!EC%!D9>EJ!!!
A!EID@<98!8@;EG9E%!F7E7:!F@GCE!#>%!9$IKC%:%!;:7F!bc!E7!*c)!9FD>!KC%$!@E!@>!7D%:9E@$GJ!!.7:E#$9E%8I(!EC%!
<I<8%!7;!EC%!8@;EG9E%!@>!:%89E@H%8I!>C7:E!7:!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!K7#8?!L%!?@><C9:G%?!m#@E%!m#@<=8IJ!!X%!>#GG%>E!
E98=@$G!E7!EC%!8@;EG9E%!F9$#;9<E#:%:!E7!G%E!?%E9@8>!7$!EC%!D7K%:!:%m#@:%?!E7!7D%:9E%!EC%!8@;EG9E%J!!4C@>!
@$;7:F9E@7$!<7FL@$%?!K@EC!9!#>9G%!D:7;@8%!K@88!C%8D!D#E!L7#$?9:@%>!9:7#$?!EC%!D7K%:!:%m#@:%?!E7!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
<7FD8%E%!9!D@<=#D!9$?!?%8@H%:I!>C@;E!K@EC!EC%!H%C@<8%J!!Q@H%$!EC@>!@$;7:F9E@7$(!>%8%<E@7$!7;!$#FL%:!7;!
L9EE%:@%>(!<9L8%!>@U@$G(!%E<J!<9$!98>7!L%!F9?%J!
67F%!9??@E@7$98!@$;7:F9E@7$!EC9E!@>!C%8D;#8!E7!=$7K!@>!EC%!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!:9E%!9$?!<7>E!;7:!EC%!
E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>J!![$7K@$G!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!D%:!H%C@<8%!D%:!I%9:!;7:!E:9@8%:!
L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!@>!98>7!C%8D;#8J!!4C@>!<7#8?!9@?!@$!#$?%:>E9$?@$G!@;!EC%!>I>E%F!C9>!L%%$!
#$?%:>D%<@;@%?!@$!EC%!D9>EJ!
.@G#:%!&&!L%87K!@>!9$!%Z9FD8%!7;!9!E:#<=!9$?!E:9@8%:!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!KC%:%!EC%!E:9@8%:!@>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!
9!8@;EG9E%5!
!
.@G#:%!&&5!18%<E:@<98!+C9:G@$G!+@:<#@E!+7FD7$%$E>!;7:!P@;EG9E%!!
S67#:<%5!2%<7FF%$?%?!3:9<E@<%!*be5!P@;EG9E%!+C9:G@$G!n!3#FD!N7E7:!0@9G$7>E@<!n!N9@$E%$9$<%!
Q#@?%8@$%>(!4%<C$787GI!n!N9@$E%$9$<%!+7#$<@8!S4N+T!7;!EC%!AF%:@<9$!4:#<=@$G!A>>7<@9E@7$>T!
t47!7LE9@$!9!;#88!<7DI!7;!EC%!2%<7FF%$?%?!3:9<E@<%>(!D8%9>%!H@>@E!EF<JE:#<=@$GJ7:GJ!4C%!F9$#98!<9$!L%!D#:<C9>%?!
>%D9:9E%8I!7:!@>!7$%!L%$%;@E!7;!F%FL%:>C@D!@$!4N+!@;!I7#!<C77>%!E7!\7@$Ju!
67F%!7;!EC%!L9>@<>!7;!%H98#9E@$G!EC%!H98#%!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$!EC9E!K%!?@><#>>%?!%9:8@%:!@$!EC%!
:%D7:E!>E@88!9DD8I!E7!EC@>!#>%!<9>%J!!/;!I7#!=$7K!EC%!D9$%8!:9E@$G(!I7#!<9$!#>%!EC%!3]X9EE>!<98<#89E7:!
?%><:@L%?!%9:8@%:!E7!%H98#9E%!KC9E!D7K%:!I7#!<9$!%ZD%<E!E7!G%E!@$!9!I%9:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8J!!,;!
<7#:>%(!EC@>!D7K%:!K@88!9#GF%$E!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!D7K%:!EC9E!<7F%>!;:7F!EC%!%$G@$%!98E%:$9E7:!E7!<C9:G%!
EC%!8@;EG9E%!L9EE%:@%>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! WW!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Benefits of solar panels for liftgates:
• 4C%!%ZE:9!D7K%:!9H9@89L8%!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!9#GF%$E!EC9E!<7F@$G!;:7F!EC%!%$G@$%!
98E%:$9E7:!9$?!#8E@F9E%8I!F9@$E9@$!EC%!8@;EG9E%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%J!
• N9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!K@88!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!<7FD9:%?!
E7!9!>I>E%F!K@EC!$7!>789:!D9$%8J!
• N9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!>C7#8?!98>7!F@$@F@U%!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!E7!:%D89<%!7:!\#FDV>E9:E!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>!7:!@$<@?%$E>!KC%:%!EC%!H%C@<8%!
F#>E!L%!@?8%?!\#>E!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!
• /;!9!E:9@8%:!K@EC!9!8@;EG9E%!>I>E%F!;:%m#%$E8I!>D%$?>!%ZE%$?%?!E@F%>!?@><7$$%<E%?!;:7F!9!E:9<E7:(!
9!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!EC%!L9EE%:I!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!;7:!EC%!$%ZE!E:9@8%:!#>%J!
• 4C%!7$8I!;#%8!<7$>#FDE@7$!L%$%;@E!7;!#>@$G!9!>789:!D9$%8!@>!@;!@?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!
E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!7:!7D%:9E%!EC%!8@;E!G9E%!<9$!L%!9H7@?%?J!!/?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!;7:!EC@>!D#:D7>%!K@88!
<7$>#F%!9L7#E!*!G9887$kC7#:!7;!;#%8J!!Q%$%:988I(!K%!EC@$=!EC@>!L%$%;@E!@>!m#@E%!>F988J!
• A!>789:!D9$%8!F9I!F9=%!@E!D7>>@L8%!E7!%8@F@$9E%!#>@$G!9!0+V0+!H78E9G%!<7$H%:E%:!E7!L77>E!EC%!
H78E9G%!E7!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>J!!Q%$%:988I(!E%>E@$G!K7#8?!L%!$%<%>>9:I!E7!F9=%!EC@>!
?%E%:F@$9E@7$J!
Challenges of solar panels for liftgates:
• /$@E@98!>I>E%F!<7>E!9$?!@$>E9889E@7$J!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC@>!>I>E%F!K7#8?!L%!9F7:E@U%?!7H%:!
EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:!7:!E:#<=!@E!@>!@$>E988%?!7$J!!4:9@8%:>!EID@<988I!C9H%!87$G%:!E:9?%!<I<8%>!EC9$!
E:9<E7:>(!>7!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!<9$!L%!>D:%9?!7H%:!9!G:%9E%:!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>J!
• 6789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>(!>@$<%!EC%I!D:7?#<%!D7K%:!7$8I!?#:@$G!?9I8@GCE!C7#:>(!9:%!9!>I>E%F!E7!
9#GF%$E!EC%!%8%<E:@<98!%m#@DF%$E!EC9E!?:@H%>!EC%!8@;EG9E%!>I>E%FJ!!4C%!>I>E%F>!>C7#8?!$7E!
<C9$G%!EC%!L9EE%:I(!K@:@$G!>@U%!9$?!<7$$%<E@7$!>D%<@;@<9E@7$>!7;!EC%!8@;EG9E%!>I>E%FJ!
• /;!?%8@H%:@%>!7<<#:!F9@$8I!9E!$@GCE!KC%$!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@>!$7E!9<E@H%(!EC%!F9@$!L%$%;@E!7;!EC%!
>789:!D9$%8!@>!E7!9>>#:%!L9EE%:@%>!:%9<C!EC%!C@GC%>E!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!D7>>@L8%!L%;7:%!EC%!$%ZE!#>%!
7;!EC%!H%C@<8%J!
• 4C%:%!@>!>7F%!>F988!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E7D!7;!9!E:9@8%:!
7:!L7ZJ!!,<<9>@7$98!<8%9$@$G!K@88!@FD:7H%!EC%!D%:;7:F9$<%J!!18%<E:@<98!D%:;7:F9$<%!$%%?>!E7!L%!
<C%<=%?!D%:@7?@<988I!E7!9>>#:%!EC%!>I>E%F!@>!K7:=@$G!D:7D%:8IJ!!3%:C9D>!9!;%K!>I>E%F!<C%<=>!
>C7#8?!L%!@$E%G:9E%?!@$!EC%!$7:F98!L9EE%:I!3N!D:7G:9F!;7:!EC%!H%C@<8%J!
• /E!@>!#$8@=%8I!EC9E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$!K@88!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!<C9$G%!EC%!:%>@?#98!H98#%!7;!EC%!
%m#@DF%$E(!>7!EC@>!>C7#8?!$7E!L%!@$<8#?%?!@$!2,/!<98<#89E@7$>J!
• +#::%$E!@$>E9889E@7$!E%<C$@m#%>!?7!$7E!9887K!;7:!%9>I!:%F7H98!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!;:7F!9!D@%<%!7;!
%m#@DF%$E!>7!EC%I!<9$!L%!:%@$>E988%?!7$!9$7EC%:!H%C@<8%J!
• N9$I!;8%%E>!?7!$7E!C9H%!9!G77?!C9$?8%!7$!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!;:%m#%$<Ik<7>E>!7:!<7>E>!;7:!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!:%89E%?!E7!?%9?!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>J!!4C@>!<7FD8@<9E%>!%>E@F9E@$G!EC%!
@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>J!
!
Refrigeration and Telematics Support
.7:!>7F%!7D%:9E@7$>(!E:9@8%:>!9:%!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!4:9$>D7:E!2%;:@G%:9E@7$!O$@E>!S42O>TJ!!47?9I_>!42O>!
G%$%:988I!C9H%!9!L9EE%:I!?%?@<9E%?!E7!>E9:E@$G!EC%!>F988!?@%>%8!%$G@$%!EC9E!?:@H%>!EC%!:%;:@G%:9$E!
<7FD:%>>7:!KC%$!$%%?%?!E7!F9@$E9@$!EC%!<9:G7!9E!EC%!D:7D%:!E%FD%:9E#:%>J!!4C%!?@%>%8!%$G@$%!@$!F7>E!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! Wc!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
#$@E>!C9>!9$!98E%:$9E7:!E7!F9=%!>#:%!EC%!L9EE%:I!>E9I>!<C9:G%?!9$?!<9$!>#DD8I!D7K%:!E7!7EC%:!E:9@8%:!
F7#$E%?!?%H@<%>!8@=%!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>J!!
M7K%H%:(!EC%>%!L9EE%:@%>!<9$!L%<7F%!?@><C9:G%?!;7:!9!$#FL%:!7;!:%9>7$>J!!4C%!E:9@8%:!F9I!>@E!
#$9EE%$?%?!;7:!9!87$G!D%:@7?!7;!E@F%!K@EC!EC%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!$7E!:#$$@$G!K@EC!>F988!<#::%$E!?:9K>!
@$<8#?@$G5!
• 4:9@8%:!87<9E@7$!9$?!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!
• 4:9@8%:!@$E%:@7:!8@GCE>!@$9?H%:E%$E8I!8%;E!7$!
• 4:9@8%:!<9:G7!7:!?77:!>%$>7:>!EC9E!?:9K!>F988!9F7#$E>!7;!<#::%$E!
N7:%!:%<%$E!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>!C9H%!;%9E#:%>!EC9E!K@88!$7E@;I!EC%!H%C@<8%!7D%:9E7:!7:!EC%!C7F%!7;;@<%!@;!
EC%!L9EE%:I!@>!L%<7F@$G!?@><C9:G%?!E7!EC%!D7@$E!EC9E!@E!K@88!$7E!>E9:E!EC%!%$G@$%J!67F%!#$@E>!<9$!%H%$!L%!
>E9:E%?!:%F7E%8I!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:I!@;!@E!@>!$%%?%?J!!M7K%H%:(!F9$I!?%8@H%:I!I9:?>!9$?!87<9E@7$>!?7!
$7E!<#::%$E8I!9887K!EC%!:%F7E%!>E9:E@$G!7;!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>!?#%!E7!>9;%EI!<7$<%:$>(!>7!:%F7E%!>E9:E@$G!
EC%!#$@E!E7!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:I!@>!$7E!98K9I>!9$!7DE@7$J!
2%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!F9$#;9<E#:%:>!9$?!9;E%:F9:=%E!>#DD8@%:>!9:%!$7K!>%88@$G!>F988!>789:!D9$%8>!EC9E!<9$!
L%!F7#$E%?!7$!EC%!#$@E!7:!7$!E7D!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:!E7!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!EC%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!7;!EC%!L9EE%:I(!
%>D%<@988I!KC%$!EC%!#$@E!@>!E#:$%?!7;;J!!4C%I!7;;%:!9!$#FL%:!7;!>@U%>!E7!<C77>%!;:7F(!?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!
9DD8@<9E@7$!9$?!H9:@7#>!879?>!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!@$!9??@E@7$!E7!\#>E!>E9:E@$G!EC%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!
#$@E!%$G@$%J!!4C%>%!>789:!D9$%8>!9:%!%>>%$E@988I!9#E7F9E@<!E:@<=8%!<C9:G%:>!EC9E!>#DD8I!9!>F988!<#::%$E!E7!
EC%!L9EE%:I!9$I!E@F%!EC%!>#$!@>!>C@$@$GJ!
4C%!D9IL9<=!;7:!EC@>!EID%!7;!>789:!>I>E%F!@>!:%988I!@>789E%?!E7!%ZE%$?@$G!EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!
L9EE%:I!9$?!9H7@?@$G!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!E7!\#FDV>E9:E!7:!:%D89<%!9!L9EE%:IJ!!/;!I7#!<9$!@?%$E@;I!
EC%!<7>E>!7;!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E>!9$?!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!>%D9:9E%8I(!EC%$!EC%!2,/!<98<#89E@7$!
>C7#8?!L%!D:%EEI!>E:9@GCE;7:K9:?J!
67F%!<7FD9$@%>!9:%!$7K!F9:=%E@$G!988V%8%<E:@<(!>789:VL9>%?!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!>I>E%F>J!XC@8%!EC@>!:%<%$E!
?%H%87DF%$E!@>!%Z<@E@$G(!F#<C!F7:%!E%>E@$G!$%%?>!E7!L%!?7$%J!A$?!@E!>C7#8?!L%!$7E%?!EC9E!EC%>%!
>I>E%F>!:%m#@:%!F9$I!>789:!D9$%8>!9$?!F9$I!89:G%!L9EE%:@%>(!KC@<C!9:%!D:@F9:@8I!<C9:G%?!H@9!%8%<E:@<!
>C7:%!D7K%:!KC%$!$7E!@$!#>%J!
! !
.@G#:%!&^5!%-7K_>!988V%8%<E:@<(!>789:VL9>%?!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!>I>E%F!;7:!9!c^V;77E!E:9<E7:VE:9@8%:!K9>!#$H%@8%?!
9E!EC%!A+4!+7$;%:%$<%!@$!P7$G!B%9<C(!+A(!N9I!&)*'!
S3C7E7!+:%?@E5!"%>>@%!P#$?T!
/;!EC%!E:9@8%:!@>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!7$8I!9!87<9E@7$!9$?k7:!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F(!EC%!?@><#>>@7$!@>!m#@E%!>@F@89:!E7!
EC%!9L7H%J!67F%!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!G%E!EC%@:!D7K%:!;:7F!%@EC%:!EC%!E:9<E7:!L9EE%:@%>!7:!EC%!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! Wa!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!L9EE%:I!@;!@E!@>!>7!%m#@DD%?J!!4C%!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!G%$%:988I!C9H%!>F988!L9EE%:@%>!
EC9E!<9$!F9@$E9@$!EC%!7D%:9E@7$!7;!EC%!#$@E!;7:!9!;%K!?9I>!E7!9!;%K!K%%=>!K@EC7#E!L%@$G!<C9:G%?J!!A!
>F988!>789:!D9$%8!EC9E!@>!?%>@G$%?!E7!=%%D!EC%!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%?!@>!@?%98!E7!G#9:9$E%%!
EC9E!EC%!E:9@8%:!<9$!98K9I>!L%!87<9E%?J!!67F%!F7:%!:%<%$E!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>!9:%!>%8;VD7K%:%?J!!/$!
EC%>%!<9>%>(!9!>F988!>789:!D9$%8!@>!:%m#@:%?!E7!=%%D!EC%!>I>E%F!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%?!9E!988!E@F%>J!!4C%>%!
D9$%8>!9:%!8@=%8I!E7!L%!L#@8E!:@GCE!@$E7!EC%!#$@E!9>!7DD7>%?!E7!9!>%D9:9E%!?%H@<%J!
!
.@G#:%!&W5!6789:VD7K%:%?!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F!
S3C7E7!+:%?@E5!6<C988%:!PP+T!
/$!>#FF9:I(!@;!9!E:9@8%:!C9>!>F988!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!8@=%!9!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F(!EC%$!9!>F988!>789:!D9$%8!EC9E!
%$>#:%>!EC9E!EC%!>I>E%F!K@88!C9H%!H@:E#988I!*))j!9H9@89L@8@EI!;7:!E:9@8%:!87<9E@7$!9$?!7EC%:!:%89E%?!?9E9!
F9=%>!9!G:%9E!?%98!7;!>%$>%J!!4C%!>F988!>789:!D9$%8>!<9$!%9>@8I!=%%D!#D!K@EC!EC%!?%F9$?>!D89<%?!7$!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!7;!EC%>%!>I>E%F>(!%H%$!KC%$!EC%!8@GCE!@>!@$E%:F@EE%$E!7:!8%>>!EC9$!@?%98J!!.7:!89:G%:!%8%<E:@<98!
879?>!8@=%!:%%;%:!%$G@$%!>E9:E@$G(!8@;EG9E%>(!%8%<E:@<!D988%E!\9<=>(!%E<J(!EC%$!>789:!D9$%8>!F9I!K%88!F9=%!
>%$>%!E7!C%8D!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!87K%:!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E>J!!38%9>%!=%%D!@$!F@$?!EC9E!EC%!>789:!
D9$%8>!K@88!$7E!D:7H@?%!$%9:!EC%!;#88!9F7#$E!7;!D7K%:!$%<%>>9:I!E7!:#$!EC%>%!?%H@<%>(!L#E!EC%@:!
>#DD8%F%$E9:I!D7K%:!<9$!L%!m#@E%!C%8D;#8!E7!EC%!7H%:988!7D%:9E@7$!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:J!!3:7D%:!>D%<@;@<9E@7$!
7;!%8%<E:@<98!<7FD7$%$E>(!<9L8%>!9$?!<7$$%<E7:>!@>!>E@88!$%<%>>9:I!E7!%$>#:%!EC%!>I>E%F!K@88!D:7H@?%!EC%!
EID%!7;!D%:;7:F9$<%!9$?!8@;%!%ZD%<E%?!7;!EC%>%!>I>E%F>J!
Benefits of solar panels for telematics and refrigeration units:
• A!D:7D%:8I!>@U%?!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!D:7H@?%!9??@E@7$98!<#::%$E!9$?!L9EE%:I!<C9:G@$G!<9D9<@EI!E7!
C%8D!F9$9G%!EC%>%!?%H@<%>J!
• 4C%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!>C7#8?!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!
EC9$!9!>I>E%F!EC9E!@>!$7E!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!>789:!D9$%8>J!!4C@>!>C7#8?!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%J!
• 4C%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!>C7#8?!:%?#<%!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!E7!\#FDV>E9:E!
9$?k7:!:%D89<%!L9EE%:@%>!7;!9!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!>I>E%FJ!
• /;!EC%!E:9@8%:!@>!7$8I!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!9!E:9@8%:!E%8%F9E@<>(!9!>F988!>789:!D9$%8!E7!F9@$E9@$!L9EE%:I!
<C9:G%!;7:!%ZE%$?%?!D%:@7?>!K@EC7#E!L%@$G!9EE9<C%?!E7!9!E:9<E7:!@>!C@GC8I!L%$%;@<@98J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! Wb!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Challenges of solar panels for telematics and refrigeration units:
• /$@E@98!>I>E%F!<7>E!9$?!@$>E9889E@7$J!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC@>!>I>E%F!K7#8?!L%!9F7:E@U%?!7H%:!
EC%!8@;%!7;!EC%!E:9@8%:!7:!E:#<=!@E!@>!@$>E988%?!7$J!!4:9@8%:>!EID@<988I!C9H%!87$G%:!E:9?%!<I<8%>!EC9$!
E:9<E7:>(!>7!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!<9$!L%!>D:%9?!7H%:!9!89:G%:!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>J!
• 4C%:%!@>!>7F%!>F988!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E7D!7;!9!E:9@8%:!
7:!L7ZJ!!,<<9>@7$98!<8%9$@$G!K@88!@FD:7H%!EC%!D%:;7:F9$<%J!!18%<E:@<98!D%:;7:F9$<%!$%%?>!E7!L%!
<C%<=%?!D%:@7?@<988I!E7!9>>#:%!EC%!>I>E%F!@>!K7:=@$G!D:7D%:8IJ!!3%:C9D>!9!;%K!>I>E%F!<C%<=>!
>C7#8?!L%!@$E%G:9E%?!@$!EC%!$7:F98!L9EE%:I!3N!D:7G:9F!;7:!EC%!H%C@<8%J!
• /E!@>!#$8@=%8I!EC9E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$!K@88!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!<C9$G%!EC%!:%>@?#98!H98#%!7;!EC%!
%m#@DF%$E(!>7!EC@>!>C7#8?!$7E!L%!@$<8#?%?!@$!2,/!<98<#89E@7$>J!
• +#::%$E!@$>E9889E@7$!E%<C$@m#%>!?7!$7E!9887K!;7:!%9>I!:%F7H98!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!;:7F!9!D@%<%!7;!
%m#@DF%$E!>7!EC%I!<9$!L%!:%@$>E988%?!7$!9$7EC%:!H%C@<8%J!
• N9$I!;8%%E>!?7!$7E!C9H%!9!G77?!C9$?8%!7$!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!;:%m#%$<Ik<7>E>!7:!<7>E>!;7:!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!:%89E%?!E7!?%9?!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>J!!4C@>!<7FD8@<9E%>!%>E@F9E@$G!EC%!
@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$>E988@$G!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>J!
!
Best Practices
4C%!;7887K@$G!@>!9!8@>E!7;!D7@$E%:>!E7!<7$>@?%:!KC%$!%H98#9E@$G!@;!>789:!D9$%8>!9:%!9!G77?!@$H%>EF%$E!;7:!
I7#:!;8%%EJ!!X%!C9H%!>D8@E!EC%!>#GG%>E@7$>!@$E7!<7$>@?%:9E@7$>!;7:!E:9<E7:>!9$?!E:9@8%:>J!
Tractors
Purchase decision:
• X%!9:%!D:7H@?@$G!9!F7?%8!K@EC!9!H9:@%EI!7;!@$D#E>!E7!C%8D!%>E@F9E%!EC%!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$E!7;!
>D%<@;I@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E:9<E7:>J!
• -A+.1!C9>!$7E!L%%$!9L8%!E7!H98@?9E%!K@EC!;8%%E>!EC9E!C9H%!@FD8%F%$E%?!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E:9<E7:>!
KC%EC%:!EC%I!C9H%!:%98@U%?!EC%>%!>9H@$G>J!!A!F9\7:!F7E@H9E7:!@$!EC%>%!;8%%E>!C9>!L%%$!EC%!
h>7;Ei!L%$%;@E>!7;!@$<:%9>%?!?:@H%:!>9E@>;9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$J!
• 4C%!89:G%>E!D7:E@7$!7;!;@$9$<@98!>9H@$G>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E:9<E7:>!@>!
:%89E%?!E7!@$<:%9>%?!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!9H7@?@$G!>7F%!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!;7:!?%9?!
L9EE%:@%>J!
o [%I!@$D#E>!@$<8#?%!<7>E!7;!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E>!SL7EC!@$?@H@?#98!9$?!@$!>%E>T!9$?!EC%!
<7>E!7;!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!;7:!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!!X%!C9H%!;7#$?!EC9E!F9$I!;8%%E>!
?7!$7E!9<<7#$E!;7:!EC%>%!%ZD%$>%>!@$!9!K9I!EC9E!EC%I!<9$!L%!%>E@F9E%?!%9>@8IJ!!
M7K%H%:(!EC%!9DD:7Z@F9E%!$#FL%:>!<9$!7;E%$!L%!%>E@F9E%?!LI!877=@$G!9E!EC%!<7>E>!7;!
L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!;8%%E!8%H%8!9$?!9$98IU@$G!9!>9FD8%!7;!L:%9=?7K$!@$>E9$<%>!E7!?%E%:F@$%!@;!
EC%I!9:%!L9EE%:IV:%89E%?J!
o 1>E@F9E@$G!EC%!>9H@$G>!?#%!E7!h>7;Ei!L%$%;@E>!7;!?:@H%:!>9E@>;9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$!@>!H%:I!
?@;;@<#8EJ!!/;!EC%!E:9<E7:>!9:%!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>(!L%@$G!9L8%!E7!%ZE%$?!
EC%!E@F%!7;!7D%:9E@7$!K@EC7#E!:#$$@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!C9>!F7:%!H98#%!E7!?:@H%:>!EC9$!\#>E!
EC%!@?8%!:%?#<E@7$!;#%8!>9H@$G>J!!/$!9??@E@7$(!EC%!<7>E!7;!:%<:#@E@$G!%H%$!7$%!9??@E@7$98!
?:@H%:!@>!8@=%8I!E7!L%!>@G$@;@<9$E!E7!EC%!;8%%EJ!!X%!C9H%!D#E!9!F7?%>E!9F7#$E!7;!>9H@$G>!
@$E7!EC%!F7?%8!;7:!EC@>!;9<E7:(!L#E!%9<C!;8%%E!K@88!C9H%!E7!9><%:E9@$!@;!EC%>%!9:%!;9<E7:>!
E7!@$<7:D7:9E%!@$!EC%@:!@$?@H@?#98!9$98I>@>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! W'!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• 37E%$E@98!;#%8!>9H@$G>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!>789:!D9$%8>!:%988I!:%H78H%!9:7#$?!EK7!@E%F>5!
o 69H@$G>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!:%?#<%?!@?8@$G!?#%!E7!%ZE%$?%?!:#$!E@F%!7;!L9EE%:I!M]A+!
>I>E%F>J!!4C@>!<7#8?!L%!@$!%@EC%:!9!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!7:!9!^WVC7#:!:%>%E!KC%:%!EC%!
?:@H%:!@>!@$!EC%!<9LJ!![%%D!@$!F@$?!EC9E!9!^))VX9EE!E:9<E7:!>789:!D9$%8!9H%:9G%!7#ED#E!
D%:!?9I!@>!K7:EC!9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!EC%!%$%:GI!>E7:%?!@$!7$%!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:IJ!!,;!<7#:>%(!
EC@>!9H%:9G%!7#ED#E!K@88!H9:I!L9>%?!#D7$!G%7G:9DC@<!87<9E@7$!9$?!<87#?!<7H%:J!!4C%!
E@F@$G!7;!EC%!:%>E!D%:@7?>!@>!98>7!@FD7:E9$E!:%89E@H%!E7!EC%!9F7#$E!7;!>#$8@GCE!%ZD%<E%?!
?#:@$G!EC%!D%:@7?J!
! /;!EC%!E:9<E7:!?7%>!$7E!C9H%!9!L9EE%:I!M]A+(!EC%$!EC%!9L7H%!?@><#>>@7$!?7%>!
$7E!9DD8IJ!
o 69H@$G>!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!:%F7H@$G!879?!;:7F!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!?#:@$G!$7:F98!E:9<E7:VE:9@8%:!
7D%:9E@7$J!!4C%>%!>9H@$G>(!EC7#GC!$7E!$%G8@G@L8%(!9:%!G%$%:988I!H%:I!>F988J!!4C%!9H%:9G%!
9$$#98!;#%8!>9H@$G>!;:7F!EC@>!;9<E7:!L9>%?!7$!9!^))!X!D9$%8!K7#8?!F7>E!8@=%8I!L%!8%>>!
EC9$!)J*jJ!
• 4:9<E7:!E:9?%!<I<8%!@>!9!=%I!;9<E7:!@$!?%E%:F@$@$G!EC%!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$E!7;!>789:!D9$%8>J!!
6789:!D9$%8!8@;%!@>!G%$%:988I!87$G%:!EC9$!EC%!EID@<98!;8%%E!E:9?%!<I<8%!9$?!@E!@>!#$8@=%8I!EC9E!C9H@$G!
EC%!>789:!D9$%8!7$!EC%!H%C@<8%!K@88!@$<:%9>%!:%>@?#98!H98#%J!!4C%!D9$%8>!<9$$7E!%9>@8I!L%!F7H%?!
E7!9!$%K!E:9<E7:!?#%!E7!EC%!<%F%$E!#>%?!E7!G8#%!EC%F!E7!EC%!E:9<E7:!:77;!g!:%F7H@$G!EC%F!
K7#8?!L%!89L7:!@$E%$>@H%!9$?!?9F9G%!L7EC!EC%!D9$%8!9$?!EC%!:77;!7;!EC%!E:9<E7:J!
• +7$>@?%:!EC9E!EC%:%!F9I!L%!9!87>>!@$!L:9$?@$G!>D9<%!7:!>8%%D%:!>=I8@GCE>!KC%$!D9$%8>!9:%!9??%?!
E7!EC%!;9@:@$G>J!
• 67F%!;9@:@$G!?%>@G$>!C9H%!<#:H9E#:%!@$!EK7!?@;;%:%$E!?@:%<E@7$>!S<I8@$?%:!>C9D%!H>J!>DC%:%!
>C9D%TJ!!/;!@E!<#:H%>!@$!EK7!?@:%<E@7$>(!>%H%:98!>F988%:!D9$%8>!K@88!F9=%!;7:!9!<8%9$%:!@$>E9889E@7$!
H>J!9!>@$G8%!89:G%!D9$%8J!
Managing tractor solar panels once purchased:
• 0%<@?%!KC9E!=%I!F%9>#:%>!I7#!9:%!G7@$G!E7!L%!#>@$G!E7!%H98#9E%kF7$@E7:!EC%!@$H%>EF%$EJ!
• P77=!9E!KC9E!EC@$G>!F@GCE!$%%?!E7!L%!9??%?!E7!EC%!3N!D:7G:9F!:%89E%?!E7!EC%!D9$%8>J!
o A:%!EC%!D9$%8>!K7:=@$G`!
o 07!EC%I!$%%?!E7!L%!<8%9$%?!D%:@7?@<988I`!!!
o 07%>!EC%!F9$#;9<E#:%:!>D%<@;I!9!D:7<%?#:%!7:!<8%9$@$G!9G%$E`!
o 07%>!I7#:!L9EE%:I!3N!D:7G:9F!$%%?!E7!<C9$G%!S@$E%:H98(!<C9$G@$G!7$%!L9EE%:I!H>J!
%$E@:%!>%ET`!
• O$?%:>E9$?!9$?!<7FD8I!K@EC!F9$#;9<E#:%:!K9::9$EI!:%m#@:%F%$E>J!
• 07!@E%F>!$%%?!E7!L%!9??%?!E7!EC%!?:@H%:!;%%?L9<=!>I>E%F!:%89E%?!E7!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!7:!@>!
@$;7:F98!;%%?L9<=!>#;;@<@%$E`!
Trailers
Purchase decision:
• 4C%:%!9:%!EK7!E7!EC:%%!E:9@8%:>!;7:!%H%:I!E:9<E7:!@$!F7>E!;8%%E>(!>7!F9$I!E:9@8%:>!%ZD%:@%$<%!9!
>@G$@;@<9$E!9F7#$E!7;!E@F%!KC%$!EC%I!9:%!$7E!C77=%?!#D!E7!9!E:9<E7:J!!4C%:%;7:%(!9$I!L9EE%:@%>!
@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!E:9@8%:!?7$_E!98K9I>!C9H%!9!:%9?I!>7#:<%!7;!D7K%:!;7:!<C9:G@$GJ!
• 4C%!E:9@8%:!D7K%:!:%m#@:%F%$E>!$%%?!E7!L%!<9:%;#88I!%H98#9E%?!E7!9>>#:%!D:7D%:!;#$<E@7$!?#:@$G!
7D%:9E@7$J!!4C@>!@$<8#?%>!@E%F>!8@=%!8@;EG9E%>(!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>(!E%8%F9E@<>(!8@GCE@$G(!D988%E!\9<=!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! We!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
<C9:G@$G(!%E<J!!A8EC7#GC!%9<C!7;!EC%!9L7H%!?%H@<%>!:%m#@:%>!E:9@8%:VF7#$E%?!L9EE%:@%>!E7!
7D%:9E%(!EC%I!988!C9H%!?@;;%:%$E!%8%<E:@<98!<#::%$E!9$?!<C9:G@$G!?%F9$?>J!!!
• .:%m#%$E8I(!EC%>%!?%H@<%>!9:%!<7FL@$%?!7$!9!G@H%$!E:9@8%:(!>7!988!%8%<E:@<98!?%F9$?>!$%%?!E7!L%!
<7$>@?%:%?!KC%$!<C77>@$G!K@:@$G!<7$;@G#:9E@7$!9$?!L9EE%:I!<9D9<@E@%>J!
• 6789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F>!>C7#8?!$7E!L%!%ZD%<E%?!E7!<7FD%$>9E%!;7:!%m#@DF%$E!>D%<@;@<9E@7$!%::7:>!
7:!D77:!F9@$E%$9$<%!7;!K@:@$G!9$?!<7$$%<E@7$>J!
• 6789:!D9$%8!>@U@$G!>C7#8?!L%!?%E%:F@$%?!LI!EC%!?#EI!<I<8%!EC9E!EC%!E:9@8%:!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F!@>!
8@=%8I!E7!%$<7#$E%:J!!4C@>!<9$!L%!%H98#9E%?!LI!E%FD7:9:@8I!D#EE@$G!9!?9E9!87GG@$G!>I>E%F!7$!9!
E:9@8%:!;7:!9!D%:@7?!7;!E@F%!E7!?%E%:F@$%!EC%!E:#%!879?>!EC9E!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!K@88!EID@<988I!>%%J!!
N9$I!>#DD8@%:>!C9H%!EC%>%!?%H@<%>!EC9E!<9$!L%!#>%?!;7:!>C7:E!D%:@7?>!E7!%H98#9E%!$%%?>J!
• O>%!EC%!-21P!3]X9EE>s!E778!E7!%H98#9E%!EC%!9DD:7Z@F9E%!%ZD%<E%?!7#ED#E!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!;7:!
I7#:!87<9E@7$!<7FD9:%?!E7!EC%!>I>E%F!?%F9$?>J!!.:%m#%$E8I!EC%!7DE@F#F!>789:!D9$%8!>@U%!@>!
>@G$@;@<9$E8I!8%>>!EC9$!EC%!E7E98!9H%:9G%!D7K%:!7#ED#E!EC%!E:9@8%:!$%%?>J!!4C%!:%>E!7;!EC%!D7K%:!
E7!7D%:9E%!EC%!E:9@8%:!9$?!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!K@88!<7F%!;:7F!EC%!E:9<E7:!7:!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!
98E%:$9E7:J!
• 4C%!F9@$!;#$<E@7$!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!@>!E7!F9@$E9@$!EC%!E:9@8%:!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!
>E9E%!7;!<C9:G%!H>J!\#>E!<C9:G@$G!K@EC!EC%!E:9<E7:!7:!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!98E%:$9E7:J!
• 69H@$G>!7;!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!9:%!D:@F9:@8I!9>>7<@9E%?!K@EC!@$<:%9>@$G!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!
:%?#<@$G!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988>!E7!\#FDV>E9:E!7:!;@Z!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!
• X%!C9H%!;7#$?!EC9E!F9$I!;8%%E>!?7!$7E!9<<7#$E!;7:!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!7:!%F%:G%$<I!
:79?>@?%!<988!%ZD%$>%>!@$!9!K9I!EC9E!EC%I!<9$!L%!%>E@F9E%?!%9>@8IJ!!M7K%H%:(!EC%!9DD:7Z@F9E%!
$#FL%:!<9$!7;E%$!L%!%>E@F9E%?!LI!877=@$G!9E!EC%!<7>E>!7;!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!;8%%E!8%H%8!9$?!9$98IU@$G!
9!>9FD8%!7;!L:%9=?7K$!@$>E9$<%>!E7!?%E%:F@$%!@;!EC%I!9:%!L9EE%:I!:%89E%?J!
• 0%E%:F@$@$G!9!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$E!;7:!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!@>!9!>@FD8%!<98<#89E@7$!877=@$G!9E!
EC%!D7E%$E@98!>9H@$G>!@$!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!<7>E>!9$?!%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!<988!%ZD%$>%>!H>J!
EC%!E7E98!>I>E%F!@$>E9889E@7$!<7>E>J!
• 4C%!9H%:9G%!E:9?%!<I<8%!@$!F7>E!;8%%E>!;7:!E:9@8%:>!@>!EID@<988I!87$G%:!EC9$!EC9E!;7:!E:9<E7:>J!!
Q@H%$!EC@>(!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!;7:!>789:!D9$%8>!<9$!L%!>D:%9?!7H%:!9!89:G%:!$#FL%:!7;!I%9:>(!F9=@$G!
EC%!L#>@$%>>!<9>%!F7:%!H@9L8%J!
• /;!EC%!E:9@8%:!7$8I!C9>!9!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F!7$!@E!K@EC7#E!9??@E@7$98!%m#@DF%$E(!EC%$!9!>789:!
D9$%8!E7!=%%D!EC9E!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%?!@>!G%$%:988I!9$!%Z<%88%$E!@$H%>EF%$EJ!!,$!>7F%!$%K%:!
>I>E%F>(!EC%!E%8%F9E@<>!@>!$7E!%H%$!C77=%?!@$E7!EC%!E:#<=!%8%<E:@<98!>I>E%F(!>7!@$!EC%>%!<9>%>!9!
>789:!D9$%8!@>!:%m#@:%?!E7!=%%D!EC%!L9EE%:I!<C9:G%?J!
• X@EC!E:9@8%:>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!8@;EG9E%>!9$?!7EC%:!%8%<E:@<98!%m#@DF%$E(!EC%!L#>@$%>>!<9>%!?%D%$?>!
7$!D7E%$E@98!>9H@$G>!H>J!EC%!<7>E!7;!@FD8%F%$E@$G!EC%!>789:!>I>E%FJ!
Managing trailer solar panels once purchased:
• 0%<@?%!KC9E!=%I!F%9>#:%>!9:%!G7@$G!E7!L%!#>%?!E7!%H98#9E%kF7$@E7:!EC%!@$H%>EF%$EJ!
• P77=!9E!KC9E!EC@$G>!F@GCE!$%%?!E7!L%!9??%?!E7!EC%!3N!D:7G:9F!:%89E%?!E7!EC%!D9$%8>J!
o A:%!EC%!D9$%8>!K7:=@$G`!
o 07!EC%I!$%%?!E7!L%!<8%9$%?!D%:@7?@<988I`!!!
o 07%>!EC%!F9$#;9<E#:%:!>D%<@;I!9!D:7<%?#:%!7:!<8%9$@$G!9G%$E`!
o 07%>!EC%!L9EE%:I!3N!D:7G:9F!$%%?!E7!<C9$G%!S@$E%:H98(!<C9$G@$G!7$%!L9EE%:I!H>J!%$E@:%!
>%ET`!
• O$?%:>E9$?!9$?!<7FD8I!K@EC!F9$#;9<E#:%:!K9::9$EI!:%m#@:%F%$E>J!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! c)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Complementary Technologies
A>!F%$E@7$%?!EC:7#GC7#E!EC@>!:%D7:E(!>789:!D9$%8>!F9=%!>%$>%!;7:!;8%%E>(!$7E!9>!9!>E9$?V987$%!
E%<C$787GI(!L#E!:9EC%:!9>!9!<7FD8%F%$E!E7!7EC%:!E%<C$787G@%>!EC9E!F7:%!9$?!F7:%!;8%%E>!9:%!<C77>@$G!
E7!@$H%>E!@$J!4C%!most common ones noted by solution manufactures, fleets, and others are:
• B9EE%:I!M]A+>!
• A#E7F9E@<!1$G@$%!6E9:EV6E7D!6I>E%F>!
• 18%<E:@<!4:#<=>!
!
A;E%:!9!;8%%E!C9>!@?%$E@;@%?!7$%!7;!EC%>%!E%<C$787G@%>!9>!EC%!L%>E!7DE@7$!E7!F%%E!@E>!>D%<@;@<!$%%?>!9$?!
G798>(!>789:!>I>E%F>!>C7#8?!L%!%H98#9E%?!;7:!EC%@:!D7E%$E@98!E7!<7FD8%F%$E!EC%FJ!
!
Battery HVACs
A>!?@><#>>%?!@$!EC%!B9EE%:I!M]A+!>%<E@7$(!;8%%E>!EC9E!<C77>%!E7!@$H%>E!@$!EC@>!E%<C$787GI!S#>#988I!E7!=%%D!
?:@H%:>!<7F;7:E9L8%!9$?!C9DDIT!7;E%$!:#$!@$E7!@>>#%>!K@EC!EC%!>I>E%F!$7E!89>E@$G!EC%!%$E@:%!$@GCE!9$?k7:!
:%>E9:E!D%:@7?!K@EC7#E!<7FD8%E%8I!?:9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>J!XC@8%!7$%!>78#E@7$!E7!EC@>!@>>#%!@>!9$!
9#E7F9E@<!%$G@$%!>E9:Ek>E7D!>I>E%F(!9$7EC%:!@>!9!>789:!>I>E%FJ!S-7E%!EC9E!;8%%E>!>C7#8?!@$H%>E!@$!7$%!
>I>E%F!7:!EC%!7EC%:(!$7E!L7ECJT!29EC%:!EC9$!>E9:E@$Gk>E7DD@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!9E!=%I!D7@$E>!E7!%$>#:%!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>!>E9I!<C9:G%?!S9$?!EC%:%LI!@$<:%9>@$G!@?8@$G!E@F%!9$?k7:!K9=@$G!EC%!?:@H%:T(!EC%!>789:!>I>E%F!@>!
9L8%!E7!E:@<=8%!<C9:G%!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!?#:@$G!?9I8@GCE!C7#:>!E7!%$>#:%!EC%!E:#<=!@>!98K9I>!9L8%!E7!>E9:EJ!4C@>!
E:@<=8%!<C9:G@$G!98>7!:%?#<%>!?%%D!<I<8@$G!7;!L7EC!EC%!E:#<=!9$?!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>(!EC%:%LI!%ZE%$?@$G!EC%@:!
8@H%>J!.7:!F7:%!@$;7:F9E@7$!7$!EC%!<7FD8%F%$E9:I!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!;7:!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F>(!D8%9>%!
>%%!EC%!B9EE%:I!M]A+!6#DD7:E!>%<E@7$!%9:8@%:!@$!EC@>!:%D7:EJ!4C%>%!EK7!>I>E%F>!9:%!F7>E!7;E%$!!F#E#988I!
%Z<8#>@H%!@$!EC9E!$7!;8%%E>!K@88!$7E!8@=%8I!C9H%!L7EC!9!>E9:Ek>E7D!>I>E%F!9$?!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!EC%!>9F%!
E:#<=J!
Electric Trucks
A>!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!L%G@$>!E7!%FL:9<%!%8%<E:@;@<9E@7$(!K%!%ZD%<E!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7$L79:?!E7!
@$<:%9>%J!4C@>!E:%$?!F9I!@$<:%9>%!EC%!$%%?!;7:!>789:!E7!C%8D!>#DD7:E!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!879?>J!.7:!
F7:%!@$;7:F9E@7$!7$!L9EE%:I!%8%<E:@<!<7FF%:<@98!H%C@<8%>(!>%%!-A+.1_>!:%<%$E!Q#@?9$<%!2%D7:Ey!
Electric!Trucks!–!Where!They!Makes!SenseJ!
!
Perspectives on Future Systems
Trends
,$%!EC@$G!EC9E!L%<9F%!H%:I!<8%9:!E7!EC%!>E#?I!E%9F!@$!EC%!<7#:>%!7;!<7FD@8@$G!EC@>!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E!@>!
EC9E!EC%:%!9:%!>7F%!F9\7:!E:%$?>!?:@H@$G!9$?!@$;8#%$<@$G!EC%!;@%8?!7;!>789:!E%<C$787G@%>!9>!9DD8@%?!E7!
E:#<=>J!
Driver Attraction and Retention
X@EC!EC%!%<7$7FI!G:7K@$G!>E:7$G%:!9$?!L9LI!L77F%:>!:%E@:@$G(!EC%!?:@H%:!>C7:E9G%!C9>!:%G9@$%?!@E>!
>E9E#>!9>!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I_>!F7>E!D:%>>@$G!<7$<%:$!;7:!EC%!;@:>E!E@F%!>@$<%!&))aJ!*c!M7K%H%:(!
E%<C$787G@%>!8@=%!>789:(!KC@<C!>#DD7:E!?:@H%:!<7F;7:E!S;7:!E:9<E7:!#>%!<9>%>T(!<9$!C%8D!F9=%!EC%!
D:7;%>>@7$!F7:%!9EE:9<E@H%!9$?!9@?!@$!?:@H%:!9EE:9<E@7$!9$?!:%E%$E@7$!g!%>D%<@988I!9E!9!E@F%!KC%$!?:@H%:>!
9:%!$%%?%?!E7!D7K%:!F7:%!%8%<E:@<98!?%H@<%>!EC9$!%H%:J!4C@>!@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!?:@H%:!9EE:9<E@7$!9$?!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! c*!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
:%E%$E@7$!D:%>%$E>!9!89:G%!7DD7:E#$@EI!;7:!<7>E!>9H@$G>J!X@EC!>@G$@$G!L7$#>%>!9E!>7F%!;8%%E>!%>E@F9E%?!
E7!L%!L%EK%%$!f^()))!9$?!fb()))(!9$?!EC%!<7>E!7;!E:9@$@$G!9!$%K!?:@H%:!%>E@F9E%?!9E!fb()))(!9$I!
@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!:%E%$E@7$!<9$!F%9$!:%98!>9H@$G>!E7!9!;8%%EJ!
/$!9??@E@7$(!7#E;@EE@$G!E:9<E7:VE:9@8%:>!K@EC!>#>E9@$9L8%!E%<C$787GI!8@=%!>789:!D9$%8>!<7#8?!F9=%!EC%!
D:7;%>>@7$!F7:%!9DD%98@$G!E7!N@88%$$@98>(!KC7!9:%!%ZD%<E%?!E7!F9=%!#D!C98;!EC%!O6O6O6!K7:=;7:<%!LI!
&)&)J*a!4C:%%Vm#9:E%:>!Sba!D%:<%$ET!7;!N@88%$$@98>!<7$>@?%:!9!<7FD9$I_>!>7<@98!9$?!%$H@:7$F%$E98!
<7FF@EF%$E>!KC%$!?%<@?@$G!KC%:%!E7!K7:=J!A$?!$%9:8I!EK7VEC@:?>!SaW!D%:<%$ET!K7$_E!E9=%!9!\7L!@;!9!
D7E%$E@98!%FD87I%:!?7%>$_E!C9H%!>E:7$G!<7:D7:9E%!>7<@98!:%>D7$>@L@8@EI!S+62T!D:9<E@<%>J!*b!67!C7K!?7%>!
>789:!;@E!@$!C%:%`!X@EC!:%G9:?!E7!:%$%K9L8%!%$%:GI(!^*!D%:<%$E!7;!N@88%$$@98>!@$!hF9E#:%!F9:=%E>i!8@=%!
EC%!O6O6O6!>9I!EC%I!<9:%!9L7#E!@>>#%>!8@=%!<8@F9E%!<C9$G%!9$?!D:7E%<E@$G!EC%!%$H@:7$F%$E(!EC7#GC!
7$8I!*)!E7!*^!D%:<%$E!;%%8!EC%@:!7:G9$@U9E@7$>!9:%!?7@$G!>7F%EC@$G!E7!9??:%>>!EC%>%!<C988%$G%>J!*'!4C@>!
@>!9!<8%9:!7DD7:E#$@EI!;7:!@FD:7H%F%$E!;7:!<7FD9$@%>!877=@$G!E7!:%E9@$!E98%$E(!G@H%$!EC9E!N@88%$$@98>!
C9H%!9!F7:%!D7>@E@H%!%FD87I%%!>%$E@F%$E!9$?!@$E%$?!E7!>E9I!87$G%:!K@EC!EC7>%!%FD87I%:>!EC9E!%$G9G%!
K@EC!>7<@98!9$?!%$H@:7$F%$E98!@>>#%>!8@=%!EC%>%J!4C%:%;7:%(!>#>E9@$9L8%!L#>@$%>>!D:9<E@<%>!8@=%!@$H%>E@$G!
@$!>789:!D7K%:(!@;!<7FF#$@<9E%?!E7!<#::%$E!9$?!D7E%$E@98!%FD87I%%>(!F9I!%$<7#:9G%!EC%!$%ZE!
G%$%:9E@7$!7;!?:@H%:>!E7!>@G$!7$!K@EC!9!<%:E9@$!;8%%E!9$?!C%8D!:%E9@$!EC7>%!?:@H%:>!7$<%!C@:%?J!!
.7:!EC%!D#:D7>%>!7;!EC%!D9IL9<=!F7?%8(!K%_H%!9>>#F%?!9$!9H%:9G%!>9H@$G>!7;!f*))!D%:!E:#<=!D%:!I%9:!
@$!9EE:9<E@7$k:%E%$E@7$(!EC7#GC!;8%%E>!<9$!D89I!K@EC!EC@>!$#FL%:!@$!EC%!F7?%8!E7!F9E<C!EC%@:!
9>>#FDE@7$>J!
Lack of Data
4C%!>E#?I!E%9F!K9>!m#@E%!>#:D:@>%?!E7!8%9:$!EC9E!$7$%!7;!EC%!;8%%E>!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!EC9E!C9?!@$H%>E%?!@$!
>789:!SKC%EC%:!;7:!E%>E@$G!7:!;#88V><98%!?%D87IF%$ET!K%:%!E:9<=@$G!EC%!9??@E@7$98!D7K%:!7#ED#E!7;!EC%!
D9$%8>!7:!EC%@:!@FD9<E!7$!L9EE%:I!8@;%!%ZE%$>@7$(!EC7#GC!L7EC!7;!EC%>%!K%:%!;:%m#%$E8I!F%$E@7$%?!9>!
L%$%;@E>!7;!EC%!E%<C$787GIJ!4C%:%!>%%F>!E7!L%!9!C@GC!9F7#$E!7;!;9@EC!9$?!9!H%:I!87K!9F7#$E!7;!
<7$<:%E%!%H@?%$<%!K@EC!:%G9:?!E7!EC%!H98#%!7;!EC%!D9$%8>J!4C@>!F9I!L%!?#%!E7!EC%!;9<E!EC9E!>789:!@>!>#<C!
9!$%K!E%<C$787GI!9>!9DD8@%?!E7!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I(!EC9E!%H%$!EC%!;8%%E>!EC9E!C9H%!L%%$!
%ZD%:@F%$E@$G!K@EC!@E!EC%!87$G%>E!C9H%$_E!C9?!@E!87$G!%$7#GC!E7!<7$;@:F!7:!?%$I!EC%!:%98VK7:8?!:%>#8E>(!
%>D%<@988I!:%G9:?@$G!EC@$G>!8@=%!L9EE%:I!8@;%!%ZE%$>@7$J!!4C@>!89<=!7;!?9E9!F9I!98>7!L%!?#%!E7!EC%!;9<E!EC9E!
EC%!F7>E!<@E%?!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!E%<C$787GI!LI!;8%%E>!9:%!<:%9E#:%!<7F;7:E!9$?!?:@H%:!:%E%$E@7$!g!EC@$G>!
;7:!KC@<C!@E!@>!%ZE:%F%8I!?@;;@<#8E!E7!F%9>#:%!EC%!:%E#:$!7$!@$H%>EF%$EJ
Policies
Hours of Service Regulations
A>!F%$E@7$%?!@$!%9:8@%:!>%<E@7$>(!EC%!%;;%<E@H%$%>>!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!<9$!H9:I!m#@E%!?:9F9E@<988I!
?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!?:@H%:>_!><C%?#8%>J!XC@8%!@E!F9I!>%%F!7LH@7#>(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!<9$!7$8I!D:7?#<%!
D7K%:!KC%$!%ZD7>%?!E7!>#$8@GCEJ!A$?!KC@8%!?9I8@GCE!C7#:>!K@88!L%!@FD9<E%?!LI!>%9>7$98@EI!S@J%J!F7:%!@$!
EC%!>#FF%:T(!EC%!L@GG%>E!?@;;%:%$<%!K@88!<7F%!;:7F!KC%EC%:!?:@H%:>!E%$?!E7!?:@H%!9E!$@GCE!9$?!>8%%D!
?#:@$G!EC%!?9I!g!>7F%EC@$G!F7>E!?7!$7E!:@GCE!$7KJ!!4C7#GC!EC%:%!@>!>D%<#89E@7$!EC9E!EC@>!><C%?#8%!F9I!
L%<7F%!F7:%!D7D#89:!9G9@$!7$<%!EC%!^WVC7#:!:%>E9:E!:#8%>!9:%!;7:F988I!:788%?!L9<=J!4C%!:788L9<=!@>!
%ZD%<E%?!E7!E9=%!D89<%!9;E%:!9!O6O6O6!0%D9:EF%$E!7;!4:9$>D7:E9E@7$!S0,4T!>E#?I!<7$<8#?%?!@$!N9:<C!
&)*b!EC9E!E:#<=%:>!7D%:9E@$G!#$?%:!&)*^!C7#:>!7;!>%:H@<%!:#8%>!g!:%m#@:@$G!EK7!*!9JFJ!E7!c!9JFJ!D%:@7?>!
L%!@$<8#?%?!@$!EC%!:%>E9:E!g!>C7K%?!$7!G:%9E%:!>9;%EI!8%H%8>!EC9$!EC7>%!$7E!9L@?@$G!LI!EC%!:#8%>J19!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'!c&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
4C%!>789:!/$H%>EF%$E!49Z!+:%?@E!S/4+T(!9!^)!D%:<%$E!E9Z!<:%?@E!;7:!>789:!>I>E%F>(!@>!7$%!7;!EC%!F7>E!
@FD7:E9$E!;%?%:98!D78@<I!F%<C9$@>F>!E7!>#DD7:E!EC%!?%D87IF%$E!7;!>789:!%$%:GI!@$!EC%!O$@E%?!6E9E%>!
9$?!C9>!D:7H@?%?!@$?#>E:I!>E9L@8@EI!9$?!G:7KEC!>@$<%!@E>!@$@E@98!D9>>9G%!@$!&))aJ20!/$>E9889E@7$>!>#:G%?!@$!
&)*a!9C%9?!7;!9!D7E%$E@98!?:7D!?7K$!7;!EC%!/4+(!L#E!9$!%ZE%$>@7$!@$!89E%!&)*c!C9>!<:%9E%?!;%?%:98!
D78@<I!>E9L@8@EI!EC:7#GC!&)&*J!!
6789:!>I>E%F>!7$!<7FF%:<@98!D:7D%:E@%>!S>#<C!9>!E:#<=>T!9:%!%8@G@L8%!;7:!EC%!<:%?@E!#$?%:!6%<E@7$!W'!7;!
EC%!/4+(!EC7#GC!@E_>!@FD7:E9$E!E7!$7E%!EC9E!EC%!/4+!9DD8@%>!7$8I!E7!@$?@H@?#98>!9$?!<7FD9$@%>!D9I@$G!
@$<7F%!E9Z!@$!EC%!O$@E%?!6E9E%>J!N9$I!>789:!D:7H@?%:>!@$!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I(!<9$!C%8D!D:7H@?%!;8%%E>!
K@EC!L9>@<!@$;7:F9E@7$!7$!EC%!/4+(!@$<8#?@$G!C7K!@E!F9I!:%?#<%!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%@:!@$H%>EF%$E(!C7K%H%:!
9$I!;8%%E>!@$E%:%>E@$G!@$!E9=@$G!9?H9$E9G%!7;!EC%!<:%?@E!>C7#8?!>D%9=!K@EC!EC%@:!9<<7#$E9$E>!E7!;#88I!
#$?%:>E9$?!@E>!@FD8@<9E@7$>!7$!EC%@:!E9Z!8@9L@8@EIJ!A88!>789:!D:7H@?%:>!K%!>D7=%!K@EC!@$>@>E!7$!9!m#@<=!
D9IL9<=!D%:@7?!Sz&!I%9:>T!;7:!>789:!>I>E%F>(!K@EC!7:!K@EC7#E!EC%!/4+J!
4C%!/4+!@>!><C%?#8%?!E7!>E%D!?7K$!E7!&aj!@$!&)&)!9$?!&&j!@$!&)&*J!A;E%:!&)&*(!EC%!:%>@?%$E@98!<:%?@E!
K@88!?:7D!E7!U%:7!KC@8%!EC%!<7FF%:<@98!9$?!#E@8@EI!<:%?@E!K@88!?:7D!E7!9!D%:F9$%$E!*)jJ!4C%:%;7:%(!;8%%E>!
@$E%:%>E%?!@$!@$H%>E@$G!@$!>789:!9$?!E9=@$G!9?H9$E9G%!7;!EC%!/4+!>C7#8?!D89$!E7!?7!>7!>77$%:!:9EC%:!EC9$!
89E%:J!!
Solar Tariffs
/$!%9:8I!&)*'(!EC%!O6!/$E%:$9E@7$98!4:9?%!+7FF@>>@7$!S/4+T!@FD7>%?!^)!D%:<%$E!E9:@;;>!7$!@FD7:E%?!>789:!
<%88>!9$?!D9$%8>J!6789:!%ZD%:E>!%>E@F9E%!EC9E!EC%!E9:@;;!K@88!@$<:%9>%!>789:!D:@<%>!LI!*)!E7!*&!<%$E>!D%:!
K9EEJ21!4C@>!@$<:%9>%!@$!D:@<%!@>!%ZD%<E%?!E7!>87K!EC%!G:7KEC!7;!EC%!>789:!@$?#>E:I!9E!89:G%(!L#E!7$8I!
F@$@F988IJ!!M7K%H%:(!9!F9\7:@EI!7;!O6!H7E%:>!7DD7>%!EC%>%!>789:!E9:@;;>22(!9$?!EC%:%_>!9!<C9$<%!EC9E!EC%!
E9:@;;>!F9I!L%!:%D%98%?J23!
Perspectives on Future Systems
/E!K9>!98>7!9DD9:%$E!E7!EC%!>E#?I!E%9F!EC9E!EC%!;@%8?!7;!>789:!9>!9DD8@%?!E7!E:#<=>!@>!9!<7$>E9$E8I!9$?!
:9D@?8I!%H78H@$G!7$%J!4C%!7DE@7$>!?@><#>>%?!K@EC@$!EC@>!:%D7:E!9:%!<#::%$E8I!9H9@89L8%!7$!EC%!F9:=%E!
E7?9I!9$?!>%%F!E7!C9H%!9!G77?!E:9<=!:%<7:?!7;!;#$<E@7$98@EI(!EC7#GC!EC%I!F9I!L%!F7:%!7:!8%>>!
%<7$7F@<98!?%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!>D%<@;@<>!7;!9!;8%%E_>!7D%:9E@7$>J!M7K%H%:(!EC%!;#E#:%!F9I!C78?!>7F%!
<7FL@$9E@7$!7;!EC%!;7887K@$G!@?%9>!K@EC!:%G9:?!E7!>789:5!
Improved technologies
A>!?@><#>>%?!%9:8@%:!@$!EC@>!:%D7:E(!>789:!D9$%8!E%<C$787GI!C9>!?:9F9E@<988I!@FD:7H%?!@$!E%:F>!7;!L7EC!
%;;@<@%$<I!9$?!D:@<%!7H%:!EC%!89>E!?%<9?%J!A$?!KC@8%!K%!%ZD%<E!<7$E@$#%?!@FD:7H%F%$E>!@$!<%88!
E%<C$787GI(!K%!98>7!%ZD%<E!?:9F9E@<!@FD:7H%F%$E>!@$!L9EE%:I!E%<C$787GI!@$!EC%!<7F@$G!I%9:>J!B%@$G!
?:@H%$!D:@F9:@8I!LI!EC%!%8%<E:@<!H%C@<8%!@$?#>E:I(!L9EE%:I!D:@<%>!C9H%!:%<%$E8I!<7F%!?7K$!?:9F9E@<988I(!
9$?!K%!%ZD%<E!EC@>!E:%$?!E7!<7$E@$#%J!/FD:7H%?!L9EE%:I!D:@<%>!9$?!K%@GCE>!F9I!%H%$E#988I!:%?#<%!EC%!
$%%?!;7:!>789:!E7!C%8D!>#DD7:E!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!879?>J!!
Electrification
A>!EC%!E:#<=@$G!@$?#>E:I!L%G@$>!E7!%FL:9<%!%8%<E:@;@<9E@7$(!K%!%ZD%<E!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!7$L79:?!E7!
@$<:%9>%J!4C@>!E:%$?!F9I!@$<:%9>%!EC%!$%%?!;7:!>789:!E7!C%8D!>#DD7:E!EC%!E:#<=_>!%8%<E:@<98!879?>J!.7:!
F7:%!@$;7:F9E@7$!7$!L9EE%:I!%8%<E:@<!<7FF%:<@98!H%C@<8%>(!>%%!-A+.1_>!:%<%$E!Q#@?9$<%!2%D7:Ey
Electric!Trucks!–!Where!They!Makes!SenseJ!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! c^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Trade Cycles
X@EC!EC%!D7E%$E@98!;7:!>789:!E7!@$<:%9>%!L9EE%:I!8@;%!S9$?!EC%:%;7:%!?%<:%9>%!D:7<#:%F%$E!9$?!
F9@$E%$9$<%!<7>E>T(!;8%%E>!F9I!;%%8!<7F;7:E9L8%!%ZE%$?@$G!EC%@:!E:9?%!<I<8%!;7:!E:9<E7:>J!4C%I!F9I!98>7!
K9$E!E7!%ZE%$?!EC%@:!E:9?%!<I<8%!@$!7:?%:!E7!:%98@U%!EC%!;#88!H98#%!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>(!KC@<C!9:%!7;E%$!
K9::9$E@%?!;7:!;@H%!I%9:>(!87$G%:!EC9$!F7>E!<#::%$E!E:9?%!<I<8%>J!4C7#GC!@;!9!>%<7$?C9$?!F9:=%E!
?%H%87D>!9:7#$?!>789:!;7:!E:#<=>(!;8%%E>!F9I!L%!9L8%!E7!<9DE#:%!EC%!:%>@?#98!H98#%!7;!EC%!D9$%8>!@$!EC%@:!
:%>98%!D:@<%!@$>E%9?J!!
Conclusions and Confidence Rating
Confidence Rating
4C%!L%87K!F9E:@Z!S.@G#:%!&cT!>#FF9:@U%>!EC%!;@$?@$G>!7;!EC%!?%>=!:%>%9:<C(!@$E%:H@%K>(!9$?!K7:=>C7D>!
<7$?#<E%?!;7:!EC@>!+7$;@?%$<%!2%D7:E!LI!@$?@<9E@$G!C7K!<7$;@?%$E!EC%!-A+.1!>E#?I!E%9F!@>!@$!EC%!
@$H%>EF%$E!<9>%!;7:!>789:!>I>E%F>!;7:!H9:@7#>!E:#<=@$G!9DD8@<9E@7$>J!!
!
.@G#:%!&c5!+7$;@?%$<%!N9E:@Z!;7:!6789:!
Key Conclusions
A;E%:!I%9:>!7;!?%H%87DF%$E!G87L988I!9$?!@$!-7:EC!AF%:@<9(!EC%!>E9E#>!7;!>789:!>I>E%F>!;7:!E:#<=@$G!
E7?9I!9$?!;7:!EC%!;#E#:%!<9$!L%!>#FF9:@U%?!@$!;7#:!=%I!F%>>9G%>5!!
*J 6789:!E%<C$787GI!;7:!E:#<=>!C9>!D:7G:%>>%?!E7!EC%!D7@$E!KC%:%!EC%!D9$%8>!7$!EC%!F9:=%E!9:%!
;8%Z@L8%(!EC@$(!%9>@8I!@$>E988%?!9$?!:%8@9L8%J!67F%!9DD8@<9E@7$>(!8@=%!>#DD7:E@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!;7:!
E:9@8%:!E%8%F9E@<>!>I>E%F>(!9:%!9$!%Z<%88%$E!9DD8@<9E@7$!7;!EC%!E%<C$787GI!9$?!>C7#8?!L%!
>E:7$G8I!<7$>@?%:%?!;7:!;#E#:%!D#:<C9>%>J!.7:!7EC%:!9DD8@<9E@7$>!7;!>789:!E%<C$787GI(!EC%!<7>E!
H%:>#>!L%$%;@E>!>C7#8?!L%!%H98#9E%?!E7!>%%!@;!@E!F9=%>!>%$>%!@$!EC%!>D%<@;@<!9DD8@<9E@7$J!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! cW!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
&J .#%8!>9H@$G>!9:%!G%$%:988I!9!H%:I!>F988!D9:E!7;!EC%!7H%:988!L%$%;@E!EC9E!<7F%>!;:7F!9!>789:!D9$%8!
@$>E9889E@7$J!!
^J 6789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$>!$%%?!E7!L%!>@U%?!9DD:7D:@9E%8I!;7:!EC%@:!@$E%$?%?!9DD8@<9E@7$J!.7:!
%Z9FD8%(!EC%!>@U%!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!E7!>#DD7:E!E7!>#DD7:E!9!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F!7$!9!E:9<E7:!
F@GCE!L%!8@F@E%?!LI!EC%!9:%9!9H9@89L8%!7$!EC%!E:9<E7:!;9@:@$G(!KC%:%9>!9!>789:!D9$%8!E7!>#DD7:E!9!
:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!7$8I!$%%?>!E7!L%!89:G%!%$7#GC!E7!D:7H@?%!9!>F988!E:@<=8%!<C9:G%!E7!EC%!
:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E!>E9:E@$G!L9EE%:IJ!!
WJ X%!?7$wE!I%E!C9H%!C9:?!%H@?%$<%!;:7F!;8%%E>!EC9E!EC%!D9IL9<=!;:7F!EC%!@$H%>EF%$E!@$!>789:!
D9$%8>!F9E<C%>!EC9E!<89@F%?!LI!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!>#DD8@%:>J!X%!C9H%!H%:@;@%?!EC9E!EC%!L%$%;@E>!;988!
@$!>%H%:98!<9E%G7:@%>!K@EC!EC%!L@GG%>E!L%$%;@E>!L%@$G!;:7F!%ZE%$?@$G!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!9H7@?@$G!
%F%:G%$<I!:79?>@?%!9>>@>E9$<%!;7:!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!N9$I!;8%%E!#>%:>!9:%!C9DDI!K@EC!EC%!
@$H%>EF%$E!EC%I!F9?%!9$?!@$E%$?!E7!<7$E@$#%!E7!#>%!>789:!D9$%8>!@$!EC%!;#E#:%J!!
!
Q@H%$!EC%>%!<7$<8#>@7$>(!-A+.1!L%8@%H%>!EC9E!;8%%E>!>C7#8?!>%:@7#>8I!<7$>@?%:!@$H%>E@$G!@$!>789:!>I>E%F>(!
;7887K@$G!EC%!L%>E!D:9<E@<%>!?%><:@L%?!@$!+C9DE%:!WJ!
!
Next Steps and Further Research
-%ZE!>E%D>5!
.7:!F7>E!>789:!D9$%8!9DD8@<9E@7$>!7$!E:#<=>(!-A+.1!:%<7FF%$?>!EC9E!EC%I!L%!>%:@7#>8I!<7$>@?%:%?!K@EC!
$%K!D#:<C9>%>J!!!
X%!EC@$=!EC%!9DD8@<9E@7$!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!E:9@8%:>!K@EC!%ZE:9!%8%<E:@<98!879?>!8@=%!:%;:@G%:9E@7$!#$@E>!
9$?!8@;EG9E%>!F9=%!>%$>%!9>!9!F%9$>!7;!@FD:7H@$G!L9EE%:I!8@;%!9$?!:%?#<@$G!EC%!$%%?!;7:!:79?>@?%!
9>>@>E9$<%J!!4C@>!@>!%>D%<@988I!E:#%!@;!EC%!E:9@8%:!>D%$?>!87$G!D%:@7?>!K@EC7#E!L%@$G!9EE9<C%?!E7!9!E:9<E7:J!
.7:!E:9<E7:!>789:!D9$%8!9DD8@<9E@7$>!@$H78H@$G!>8%%D%:!<9L>!%m#@DD%?!K@EC!7:!K@EC7#E!L9EE%:I!M]A+!
>I>E%F>(!K%!:%<7FF%$?!#>@$G!EC%!F7?%8!D:7H@?%?!E7!C%8D!%H98#9E%!KC%EC%:!9!>I>E%F!F9=%>!>%$>%J!!/$!
>7F%!<9>%>(!EC%!D9IL9<=!D%:@7?!F9I!L%!87$G%:!EC9$!;8%%E!D#:<C9>@$G!G#@?%8@$%>!E7!7;;>%E!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$!
<7>E>!7;!EC%!9??%?!C9:?K9:%J!A!>789:!>I>E%F!<9$!C%8D!D:7H@?%!9$!@FD:7H%?!%$H@:7$F%$E!;7:!?:@H%:>!
?#:@$G!EC%@:!$7:F98!*)V!9$?!^WVC7#:!L:%9=!D%:@7?>(!L#E!@E!@>!?@;;@<#8E!E7!D#E!9!H98#%!7$!EC9E!L%$%;@EJ!
.#:EC%:!:%>%9:<C5!
X%!?7!$7E!%ZD%<E!EC9E!EC%:%!K@88!L%!9$I!?:9F9E@<!@FD:7H%F%$E>!@$!D9$%8!%;;@<@%$<I!7H%:!E@F%(!L#E!>F988!
@$<:%F%$E98!@FD:7H%F%$E>!>C7#8?!L%!%ZD%<E%?J!!M7K%H%:(!K%!?7!%ZD%<E!E7!>%%!G:9?#98!<7>E!:%?#<E@7$>!
7H%:!E@F%J!
4ID@<98!>789:!D9$%8!%ZD%<E%?!8@;%!@>!G%$%:988I!87$G%:!EC9$!EC%!EID@<98!89:G%!;8%%E!E:9?%!<I<8%!;7:!E:9<E7:>!
9$?(!E7!9!8%>>%:!?%G:%%(!E:9@8%:>J!!+#::%$E8I(!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$!F%EC7?>!?7!$7E!9887K!EC%!E:9$>;%:!7;!9!>789:!
D9$%8!;:7F!7$%!H%C@<8%!E7!9$7EC%:!%<7$7F@<988IJ!!/;!9!>789:!D9$%8!@$>E9889E@7$!<7#8?!L%!%9>@8I!E:9$>;%::%?!
;:7F!7$%!E:#<=!E7!9$7EC%:(!@E!<7#8?!L%!9$!9?H9$E9G%!;7:!EC%!7H%:988!;8%%E!@$H%>EF%$EJ!
4C%:%!<7#8?!L%!@FD:7H%F%$E>!7H%:!E@F%!KC%:%!>789:!D9$%8>!<7#8?!L%!@$<7:D7:9E%?!@$E7!EC%!;9@:@$G>!9$?!
E:9@8%:!:77;>!E7!F9=%!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$!8%>>!%ZD%$>@H%!9$?!<8%9$%:J!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! cc!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ca!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Appendix A: Payback Calculator
39IL9<=!+98<#89E7:!O>%:_>!Q#@?%!
4C%!1Z<%8!;@8%!<98<#89E7:!EC9E!@>!D:7H@?%?!K@EC!EC@>!:%D7:E!@>!?%>@G$%?!E7!C%8D!;8%%E>!%H98#9E%!KC9E!EC%!
H98#%!7;!@$H%>E@$G!@$!>789:!E%<C$787GI!7$!$%K!E:9<E7:>J!!A>!K%!C9H%!?@><#>>%?(!EC%:%!9:%!F9$I!;9<E7:>!E7!
<7$>@?%:!:%89E%?!E7!>789:!E%<C$787GI!7$!E:#<=>!9$?!%H98#9E@$G!EC%!H98#%!7;!EC%!L%$%;@E>!H>J!EC%!<7>E>!<9$!
L%!m#@E%!?@;;@<#8EJ!!.9<E7:>!8@=%!9:%9!7;!EC%!<7#$E:I!9$?!$7:F98!?:@H@$G!<I<8%!<9$!F9=%!9!L@G!?@;;%:%$<%!@$!
EC%!%;;%<E@H%$%>>!9$?!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!D9$%8>J!!/$!9??@E@7$(!7$%!7;!EC%!=%I!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!E%<C$787GI!
7$!E:9<E7:>!@>!@FD:7H@$G!EC%!8@;%!7;!L9EE%:@%>!9$?!9H7@?@$G!>7F%!>%:H@<%!<988>!?#%!E7!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>J!
4C%!1Z<%8!F7?%8!C9>!9!>C7:E!m#%>E@7$$9@:%!EC9E!9>=>!EC%!#>%:!E7!;@88!@$!:%>D7$>%>J!!,$<%!:%>D7$>%>!9:%!
;@88%?!@$(!C@E!EC%!{+98<#89E%?!69H@$G>_!L#EE7$!9$?!EC%!>D:%9?>C%%E!K@88!:%E#:$!$#FL%:>!9L7#E!%ZD%<E%?!
9$$#98!>9H@$G>!D%:!E:#<=!9$?!<98<#89E%!9!:7#GC!%>E@F9E%!7;!EC%!D9IL9<=!D%:@7?!;7:!EC%!@$H%>EF%$EJ!
X%!C9H%!@?%$E@;@%?!;@H%!9:%9>!KC%:%!9!>789:!D9$%8!>I>E%F!@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!E:9<E7:!<9$!D:7H@?%!;@$9$<@98!
L%$%;@E!E7!EC%!;8%%E5!
• 2%?#<E@7$!7;!%$G@$%!@?8@$G!?#:@$G!F9$?9E7:I!:%>E!D%:@7?>!
• /FD:7H%F%$E!@$!L9EE%:I!8@;%!?#%!E7!F9@$E9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!
<C9:G%!
• 2%?#<E@7$!@$!H%C@<8%!\#FD!>E9:E!@$<@?%$E>!?#%!E7!?%9?!L9EE%:@%>!
• .#%8!>9H@$G>!?#%!E7!>789:!D7K%:!D:7?#<E@7$!:%?#<@$G!98E%:$9E7:!879?!?#:@$G!$7:F98!H%C@<8%!
7D%:9E@7$!
• 69H@$G>!@$!?:@H%:!:%E%$E@7$!9$?!C@:@$G!%ZD%$>%>!?#%!E7!EC%!E%<C$787GI!L%@$G!@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!
H%C@<8%>!
!
1ZD89$9E@7$!7;!EC%!o#%>E@7$>5!
XC%$!I7#!;@:>E!879?!EC%!1Z<%8!;@8%(!9!L#EE7$!F9I!9DD%9:!9E!EC%!E7D!7;!EC%!><:%%$!9>=@$G!@;!I7#!K9$E!E7!
%$9L8%!%?@E@$GJ!!3:%>>!EC@>!L#EE7$!E7!9887K!EC%!>D:%9?>C%%E!E7!9<<%DE!@$D#E>J!
38%9>%!>%8%<E!EC%!EID%!7;!>789:!>I>E%F!I7#!K9$E!E7!9>>%>>!;:7F!EC%!?:7D!?7K$!8@>E!
4C@>!F7?%8!@>!>%E!#D!E7!E9=%!:%>D7$>%>!:%89E%?!E7!EK7!?@;;%:%$E!><%$9:@7>J!!,$%!@>!{68%%D%:!+9L!K@EC!
L9EE%:I!M]A+_J!!4C%!>%<7$?!@>!{68%%D%:!+9L!K@EC7#E!9!L9EE%:I!M]A+!7:!9!09I!+9L_J!!3@<=!EC%!F7>E!
9DD:7D:@9E%!7$%!;7:!I7#:!9DD8@<9E@7$!9$?!9!8@>E!7;!9??@E@7$98!m#%>E@7$>!E7!L%!9$>K%:%?!K@88!9DD%9:J!!!
o#7E%?!C9:?K9:%!q!@$>E9889E@7$!<7>E!D%:!E:#<=!
• /$!7:?%:!E7!%H98#9E%!9$!@$H%>EF%$E!@$!>789:!D9$%8>(!I7#!$%%?!E7!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!;:7$E!%$?!<7>E!
7;!L7EC!EC%!C9:?K9:%!9$?!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$J!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC@>!K@88!H9:I!L9>%?!#D7$!EC%!>@U%!7;!EC%!
D9$%8!7:!D9$%8>!>%8%<E%?!9>!K%88!9>!EC%!D:7\%<E%?!@$>E9889E@7$!<7>E!D%:!#$@EJ!
!
6%8%<E!EC%!<@EI!F7>E!$%9:!EC%!E:#<=w>!9:%9!7;!7D%:9E@7$!;:7F!EC%!?:7D!?7K$!8@>E!
• 4C%!9:%9!7;!EC%!<7#$E:I!EC9E!EC%!H%C@<8%!:#$>!C9>!9!>@G$@;@<9$E!%;;%<E!7$!EC%!%$%:GI!EC9E!9!>789:!
D9$%8!<9$!D:7?#<%J!!.7:!EC@>!@E%F(!K%!>%8%<E%?!c)!7:!>7!89:G%!F%E:7D78@E9$!9:%9>!9:7#$?!EC%!O6!
9$?!+9$9?9!E7!F9=%!EC@>!9!>E:9@GCE;7:K9:?!<C7@<%J!!X%!#>%?!EC%!7#ED#E!;:7F!9!>789:!D9$%8!E778!
<988%?!3]X9EE>!F9@$E9@$%?!LI!EC%!-9E@7$98!2%$%K9L8%!1$%:GI!P9L!EC9E!<98<#89E%>!EC%!%ZD%<E%?!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! cb!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
%$%:GI!7#ED#E!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!L9>%?!7$!9H%:9G%!>789:!@88#F@$9E@7$!?9E9!EC9E!C9>!L%%$!
9<<#F#89E%?!7H%:!>%H%:98!I%9:>!@$!%9<C!7;!EC%>%!9:%9>J!!
• -7E%5!!X%!C9H%!9>>#F%?!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!K7#8?!L%!F7#$E%?!7$!EC%!E:#<=!;9@:@$G!9$?!EC9E!@E>!
9$G8%!@>!&)!?%G:%%>!@$<8@$%?J!!67F%!;9@:@$G>!H9:I!;:7F!EC@>!9$G8%(!>7!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!7#ED#E!
K7#8?!H9:I!>8@GCE8I!9<<7:?@$G8IJ!!X%!C9H%!;#:EC%:!9>>#F%?!EC9E!EC%!7:@%$E9E@7$!7;!EC%!D9$%8!E7!
EC%!>#$!@>!9$!9H%:9G%!7;!e)!?%G:%%>!7;;!;:7F!@?%98J!!4C@>!9<<7#$E>!;7:!EC%!;9<E!EC9E!EC%!
7:@%$E9E@7$!7;!EC%!E:#<=!:%89E@H%!E7!EC%!>#$(!KC@<C!<9$$7E!L%!<7$E:788%?(!K@88!H9:I!EC%!;#88!^a)!
?%G:%%>!9$?!9H%:9G%!7#E!7H%:!E@F%J!
!
|!7;!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?>kK%%=!@$!>8%%D%:!
• 1$E%:!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?>!D%:!K%%=!EC9E!EC%!?:@H%:!K@88!>D%$?!@$!EC%!>8%%D%:!H>J!
>7F%KC%:%!%8>%J!!,$%!D:@F9:I!L%$%;@E!7;!@$>E988@$G!9!>789:!D9$%8!7$!9!>8%%D%:!K@EC!9!L9EE%:I!
M]A+!@>!E7!C%8D!F@$@F@U%!%$G@$%!@?8@$G!?#:@$G!EC%!:%m#@:%?!*)VC7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?>J!!6@$<%!EC%:%!
9:%!>%H%:98!7;!EC%>%!D%:!K%%=!H>J!7$%!^WVC7#:!:%>%E!D%:@7?!KC%:%!EC%!?:@H%:!F9I!7:!F9I!$7E!L%!
@$!EC%!E:#<=!>8%%D%:!L%:EC(!K%!#>%?!EC@>!9>!9!F%9$>!7;!%>E@F9E@$G!7$%!7;!EC%!L%$%;@E>!7;!EC%!
>789:!D9$%8J!
!
j!7;!:%>E!D%:@7?>!@$!EC%!>8%%D%:!EC9E!E9=%!D89<%!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I!
X%%=>!D%:!I%9:!L9EE%:I!Ak+!$%%?%?!
j!:%>E!D%:@7?>!KC%:%!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!@$>#;;@<@%$E!
AH%:9G%!C7#:>!7;!>#$!?#:@$G!:%>E!D%:@7?!?#:@$G!?9I!
M7K!87$G!?7!I7#:!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>!EID@<988I!89>E!L%;7:%!I7#!C9H%!E7!>E9:E!EC%!%$G@$%`!
• ,$%!L%$%;@E!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!@>!E7!9>>@>E!EC%!E:#<=!9$?!L9EE%:I!M]A+!L9EE%:@%>!?#:@$G!*)VC7#:!:%>E!
D%:@7?>J!!47!%>E@F9E%!EC@>!L%$%;@E(!K%!$%%?!E7!#$?%:>E9$?!9!;%K!EC@$G>!9L7#E!EC%!H%C@<8%!
7D%:9E@7$J!!.@:>E(!>@$<%!EC%!D:@F9:I!;#$<E@7$!7;!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!#$@E!@>!E7!D:7H@?%!9@:!
<7$?@E@7$@$G!E7!EC%!>8%%D%:!L%:EC!?#:@$G!C7EE%:!K%9EC%:!K@EC7#E!@?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%(!K%!$%%?!E7!
%>E@F9E%!C7K!7;E%$!EC9E!;#$<E@7$!@>!$%%?%?J!!4C%!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!G%$%:988I!9L8%!E7!D:7H@?%!C7E%8!
879?!>#DD7:E!;7:!9!H%:I!87$G!E@F%!@;!Ak+!@>!$7E!:%m#@:%?J!
• 47!%>E@F9E%!EC%!%;;%<E!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8(!I7#!$%%?!E7!9>>#F%!KC@<C!D9:E!7;!:%>E!D%:@7?>!
9<E#988I!7<<#:!?#:@$G!EC%!?9I8@GCE!C7#:>J!!4C%!9??%?!D7K%:!D:7?#<%?!LI!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!K@88!
C9H%!EC%!%;;%<E!7;!%ZE%$?@$G!EC%!E@F%!L%;7:%!EC%!%$G@$%!$%%?>!E7!>E9:E!E7!:%<C9:G%!EC%!
L9EE%:@%>J!!6789:!D9$%8!D:7?#<E@7$!9E!$@GCE!@>!F@$@F98!9$?!K@88!$7E!C%8D!%ZE%$?!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!
C7#:>!EC9E!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!>I>E%F!K@88!D:7H@?%!<7F;7:E!E7!EC%!?:@H%:J!
• /;!EC%!L9EE%:I!>I>E%F!C9>!%$7#GC!D7K%:!E7!>#DD8I!EC%!$%%?>!7;!EC%!?:@H%:!;7:!EC%!;#88!*)VC7#:!
:%>E!D%:@7?(!EC%$!9!>789:!D9$%8!K@88!$7E!C%8D!9H7@?!%$G@$%!@?8@$G!?#:@$G!EC9E!:%>E!D%:@7?J!!4C%!
m#%>E@7$>!9:%!E:I@$G!E7!9><%:E9@$!C7K!7;E%$!9$?!E7!KC9E!?%G:%%!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!C9>!
@$>#;;@<@%$E!D7K%:!E7!<7FD8%E%!9!:%>E!D%:@7?J!!XC%$!EC@>!@>!EC%!<9>%(!EC%!D7K%:!G%$%:9E%?!;:7F!
EC%!>789:!D9$%8!K@88!C%8D!%8@F@$9E%!%$G@$%!@?8@$GJ!
• A>!$7E%?!@$!EC%!:%D7:E(!@?8@$G!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!<C9:G%!L9EE%:@%>!9$?!:#$!C7E%8!879?>!<7$>#F%>!
9DD:7Z@F9E%8I!*!G9887$kC7#:!7;!?@%>%8!;#%8J!
!
47E98!$#FL%:!7;!Q:7#D!^*!L9EE%:@%>!7$!E:#<=!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! c'!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
• 4C@>!K7#8?!$7:F988I!L%!%@EC%:!W!7:!'!?%D%$?@$G!7$!I7#:!9DD8@<9E@7$J!!4C%!E7E98!%$%:GI!9H9@89L8%!
@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!7$!EC%!H%C@<8%!@>!D9:E!7;!<98<#89E@$G!EC%!9??@E@7$98!<7$E:@L#E@7$!EC9E!9!>789:!
D9$%8!K@88!F9=%!@$!9H7@?@$G!@?8%!E@F%J!
!
47E98!K9EE>!D:7?#<%?!LI!D9$%8>!
• 4C@>!@E%F!@>!EC%!E7E98!$#FL%:!7;!:9E%?!K9EE>!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8>!D:7D7>%?!;7:!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$J!!
4C@>!<9$!H9:I!L9>%?!#D7$!EC%!;9@:@$G!9:%9!9$?!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!D9$%8>!D:7D7>%?J!!/;!EC%:%!9:%!EK7!
7:!F7:%!D9$%8>!D:7D7>%?(!\#>E!9??%?!EC%!K9EE!:9E@$G>!#D!;7:!%9<C!@$?@H@?#98!D9$%8!9$?!%$E%:!
EC%!E7E98J!
!
AH%:9G%!M7E%8!P79?!?#:@$G!*)!C7#:!:%>E!D%:@7?!@$!9FD>!
AH%:9G%!;8%%E!@?8%!E@F%!j!
1ZD%<E%?!@?8%!E@F%!9H7@?%?!?#%!E7!>789:!V!j!
• 4C%>%!@E%F>!9:%!#$@m#%!E7!EC%!68%%D%:!+9L!K@EC7#E!B9EE%:I!M]A+!7:!9!09I!+9L!<9>%J!!
+98<#89E@$G!>9H@$G>!;:7F!EC%!@$>E9889E@7$!7;!9!>789:!D9$%8!@>!>8@GCE8I!?@;;%:%$E!KC%$!9!B9EE%:I!
M]A+!#$@E!@>!$7E!D:%>%$EJ!!/E!@>!D7>>@L8%!EC9E!EC%!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<7#8?!9887K!>7F%!
>F988!9F7#$E!7;!:%?#<E@7$!@$!EC%!@?8%!E@F%>(!D9:E@<#89:8I!KC%:%!C7E%8!879?>!7H%:!9!:%>E!D%:@7?!
F@GCE!:%m#@:%!@?8@$G!L#E!EC%!E%FD%:9E#:%!@>!$7E!C@GC!%$7#GC!E7!:%m#@:%!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!L%!
:#$$@$G!E7!D:7H@?%!9@:!<7$?@E@7$@$G!7:!C%9E@$GJ!!.7:!%Z9FD8%(!@;!879?>!?#%!E7!:%;:@G%:9E7:>(!+3A3!
F9<C@$%>(!%E<J!9:%!C@GC!%$7#GC!EC9E!EC%!%$G@$%!$%%?>!E7!L%!>E9:E%?!L%;7:%!L9EE%:I!H78E9G%!
L%<7F%>!>7!87K!EC9E!EC%!%$G@$%!K@88!$7E!>E9:E(!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!7;;>%E!>7F%!7;!EC7>%!879?>!
9$?!EC%:%;7:%!9H7@?!@?8@$GJ!!1$E%:!EC%!9H%:9G%!;8%%E!@?8%!E@F%>!9$?!EC%!D%:<%$E!:%?#<E@7$!
%ZD%<E%?!E7!G%E!9$!%>E@F9E%!7;!EC%>%!=@$?!7;!>9H@$G>J!
!
AH%:9G%!B9EE%:I!8@;%!@$!F7$EC>!g!E:#<=!
AH%:9G%!L9EE%:I!8@;%!@$!F7$EC>!g!M]A+!
+7>E!D8#>!89L7:!D%:!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!V!W!L9EE%:@%>!
• 6@$<%!7$%!7;!EC%!L%$%;@E>!7;!>789:!D9$%8>!@>!E7!C%8D!%ZE%$?!L9EE%:I!8@;%(!K%!$%%?!E7!?%E%:F@$%!
KC9E!EC%!<#::%$E!9H%:9G%!8@;%!7;!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!@$!EC%!;8%%E!9:%J!!6@$<%!@E!@>!D7>>@L8%!EC9E!EC%!
>E9:E@$G!L9EE%:@%>!;7:!EC%!E:#<=!C9H%!9!?@;;%:%$E!9H%:9G%!8@;%!EC9$!EC%!7$%>!;7:!EC%!L9EE%:I!M]A+!
>I>E%F(!K%!?%<@?%?!E7!9887K!EC%!%$E:I!7;!?@;;%:%$E!$#FL%:>J!!/;!EC%!;8%%E!?9E9!@>!@$>#;;@<@%$E!E7!
>%D9:9E%!EC%>%(!EC%$!\#>E!%$E%:!EC%!>9F%!$#FL%:!@$!L7EC!8@$%>J!
• 67F%!;8%%E>!:%D7:E%?!EC9E!EC%@:!9H%:9G%!L9EE%:I!8@;%!K9>!9:7#$?!*'!E7!&W!F7$EC>!KC@8%!7EC%:>!
>E9E%?!EC9E!EC%@:!9H%:9G%!8@;%!K9>!9:7#$?!W!I%9:>J!!,;!<7#:>%(!EC@>!$#FL%:!?%D%$?>!7$!9!K@?%!
H9:@%EI!7;!;9<E7:>(!@$<8#?@$G!F9@$E%$9$<%!D:9<E@<%>(!?:@H%:!<7$E:78>(!H%C@<8%!?#EI!<I<8%(!L9EE%:I!
E%<C$787GI!>%8%<E@7$(!%E<J!!/E!>%%F>!EC9E!9L7#E!&W!F7$EC>!7:!>7!K9>!EC%!F7>E!<7FF7$!9$>K%:!
E7!EC@>!m#%>E@7$J!
• N9$I!;8%%E>!C9H%!9!F9@$E%$9$<%!D:7G:9F!KC%:%!@$?@H@?#98!L9EE%:@%>!9:%!:%D89<%?!L%;7:%!9!
<%:E9@$!9G%(!9;E%:!KC@<C!EC%I!9:%!:%D89<%?!9>!9!>%E!7;!WJ!!X%!K7#8?!:%<7FF%$?!#>@$G!9$!
9H%:9G%!8@;%!;7:!9!>%E!EC9E!@$<8#?%>!L7EC!EID%>!7;!:%D89<%F%$EJ!!0%D%$?@$G!7$!EC%!EID%!7;!
:%<7:?>!EC%!;8%%E!F9@$E9@$>(!EC@>!F9I!L%!?@;;@<#8E!E7!?%E%:F@$%J!!,;E%$(!;8%%E>!C9H%!EC%!:%<7:?>!
EC9E!@$?@<9E%!EC%!E7E98!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E>!;7:!9!G@H%$!I%9:!LI!H%C@<8%!G:7#DJ!!/;!EC@>!@>!EC%!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ce!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
<9>%(!@E!@>!D7>>@L8%!E7!F9=%!9!D:%EEI!G77?!G#%>>!7;!9H%:9G%!L9EE%:I!8@;%!;:7F!EC%>%!EID%>!7;!
:%<7:?>J!
• /;!9!;8%%E!C9>!9!F9@$E%$9$<%!>E:9E%GI!7;!:%D89<@$G!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!;@Z%?!F@8%9G%!:%G9:?8%>>!7;!EC%@:!
<7$?@E@7$(!EC%$!EC%!;8%%E!K7#8?!$%%?!E7!<7$>@?%:!KC%EC%:!9!<C9$G%!E7!EC9E!F9@$E%$9$<%!
D:9<E@<%!F9=%>!>%$>%!@;!EC%I!@$H%>E!@$!>789:!D9$%8>J!!
!
j!@FD:7H%F%$E!%ZD%<E%?!@$!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E!:9E%!
• X%!EC@$=!@E!@>!;%9>@L8%!EC9E!L9EE%:I!8@;%!<7#8?!L%!%ZE%$?%?!LI!c)j!9>!9!:%>#8E!7;!@$>E988@$G!9!>789:!
D9$%8!7$!EC%!E:9<E7:J!!M7K%H%:(!EC@>!$#FL%:!<7#8?!H9:I!>@G$@;@<9$E8I!?%D%$?@$G!7$!9!K@?%!
H9:@%EI!7;!;9<E7:>!9>!>E9E%?!9L7H%J!
• .8%%E>!EC9E!C9H%!@FD8%F%$E%?!>789:!D9$%8>!C9H%!@$?@<9E%?!EC9E!EC%I!EC@$=!L9EE%:I!8@;%!C9>!L%%$!
%ZE%$?%?!<7FD9:%?!E7!L%;7:%!#>@$G!>789:!D9$%8>(!L#E!EC@>!?9E9!K9>!9$%<?7E98J!!P7G@<988I(!EC%!
@FD:7H%F%$E!@$!L9EE%:I!8@;%!>C7#8?!L%!EC%:%(!L#E!K%!C9H%!$7E!L%%$!9L8%!E7!H%:@;I!EC@>!K@EC!?9E9!
;:7F!9!89:G%V><98%!>E#?IJ!
!
"#FD!>E9:E>kI%9:!;7:!%$E@:%!;8%%E!
AH%:9G%!+7>E!D%:!\#FD!>E9:E!S@$E%:$98k%ZE%:$98T!
.8%%E!>@U%!S|!E:#<=>T!
1ZD%<E%?!j!7;!\#FD!>E9:E>!E7!L%!9H7@?%?!K@EC!>789:!
• A$7EC%:!L%$%;@E!7;!@$>E988@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!7$!9!E:9<E7:!@>!EC%!D7E%$E@98!E7!9H7@?!%ZD%$>@H%!\#FD!
>E9:E>!L%<9#>%!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<9$!C%8D!F9@$E9@$!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!9E!9!C@GC%:!9H%:9G%!>E9E%!7;!
<C9:G%J!!4C%!9L7H%!m#%>E@7$>!9:%!E9:G%E%?!9E!?%E%:F@$@$G!KC9E!EC%!<7>E!7;!EC%>%!\#FD!>E9:E>!
9:%!9$?!EC%!9F7#$E!EC9E!F@GCE!L%!9H7@?%?!K@EC!EC%!@FD8%F%$E9E@7$!7;!>789:!D9$%8>J!
• N9$I!;8%%E>!E78?!#>!EC9E!EC%I!?7$_E!E:9<=!\#FD!>E9:E!@$<@?%$E>!<87>%8IJ!!4C%I!@$?@<9E%?!EC9E!@;!9!
\#FD!>E9:E!@>!$%%?%?!@$!7$%!7;!EC%@:!@$E%:$98!I9:?>!EC9E!EC%!@$<@?%$E!9$?!<7>E!@>!7;E%$!$7E!
E:9<=%?!9E!988(!L#E!:9EC%:!\#>E!@$<8#?%?!@$!EC%!7H%:988!F9@$E%$9$<%!%ZD%$>%J!!A8>7(!\#FD!>E9:E>!
EC9E!:%m#@:%!L9EE%:I!:%D89<%F%$E>!9:%!E:9<=%?!@$!EC%!L9EE%:I!<9E%G7:I!H>J!%F%:G%$<I!:%D9@:>J!!/$!
EC%!%$?(!EC@>!%ZD%$>%!@>!7$%!EC9E!<9$!L%!m#@E%!%ZD%$>@H%!9E!E@F%>!9$?!EC%!<7>E>!F@GCE!L%!
9H7@?%?!K@EC!EC%!@FD8%F%$E9E@7$!7;!>789:!D9$%8>J!
• .8%%E>!EC9E!C9H%!@FD8%F%$E%?!>789:!D9$%8>!@$?@<9E%?!EC9E!\#FD!>E9:E>!C9H%!@$?%%?!?%<:%9>%?!
<7FD9:%?!E7!L%;7:%!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!D9$%8>(!L#E!EC@>!?9E9!K9>!98>7!9$%<?7E98J!!M7K%H%:(!@E!
>E9$?>!E7!:%9>7$!EC9E!@;!L9EE%:I!8@;%!@>!%ZE%$?%?!9>!9!:%>#8E!7;!@FD8%F%$E@$G!>789:!D9$%8>!EC9E!EC%!
$#FL%:!7;!\#FD!>E9:E>!:%m#@:%?!K7#8?!98>7!?%<:%9>%J!
• X%!EC@$=!EC9E!@E_>!;%9>@L8%!EC9E!EC%!$#FL%:!7;!\#FD!>E9:E>!:%m#@:%?!K7#8?!?%<:%9>%!LI!^)j!E7!
c)jJ!!M7K%H%:(!@E!K7#8?!L%!K@>%!E7!877=!9E!EC%!:%9>7$>!;7:!EC%!\#FD!>E9:E>!K@EC@$!EC%!;8%%E!E7!
?%E%:F@$%!@;!EC%:%!9:%!7EC%:!;9<E7:>!@$H78H%?!L%>@?%>!L9EE%:@%>!G%EE@$G!E7!EC%!%$?!7;!EC%@:!8@;%!7:!
C7E%8!879?>!?:9@$@$G!EC%!L9EE%:@%>!?#:@$G!^WVC7#:!:%>%E!D%:@7?>J!!4C%!D7K%:!;:7F!EC%!>789:!
D9$%8!K7#8?!C%8D!@$!EC%>%!>@E#9E@7$>(!L#E!@$!7EC%:>!@E!F@GCE!$7EJ!!A$!%Z9FD8%!7;!<7$?@E@7$>!
KC%:%!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!F@GCE!$7E!C%8D!K7#8?!L%!8%9=9G%!<#::%$E!?#%!E7!D77:!%8%<E:@<98!
<7$$%<E@7$>!7:!G:7#$?>J!A$7EC%:!%Z9FD8%!F@GCE!L%!9!;9@8%?!L9EE%:I!?#%!E7!87K!;8#@?!7:!9!?%;%<E!
@$!7$%!7:!F7:%!7;!EC%!<%88>J!
!
AH%:9G%!;8%%E!F@8%>!D%:!G9887$!
AH%:9G%!E:#<=!F@8%9G%!D%:!I%9:!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! a)!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
AH%:9G%!.#%8!+7>E!D%:!G9887$!
• 47!<98<#89E%!C7K!F#<C!;#%8!F@GCE!L%!>9H%?!?#%!E7!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!D:7H@?@$G!>7F%!7;!EC%!D7K%:!
9>!EC%!H%C@<8%!E:9H%8>!?7K$!EC%!:79?(!K%!$%%?!E7!#$?%:>E9$?!EC%!9H%:9G%!F@8%>!E:9H%88%?!D%:!
I%9:!9$?!9H%:9G%!;#%8!%<7$7FIJ!!.:7F!EC@>(!987$G!K@EC!7EC%:!$#FL%:>!D:7H@?%?!9L7H%(!K%!<9$!
<98<#89E%!EC%!%;;%<E!7;!EC%!<7$E:@L#E@7$!7;!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!<#::%$E!7$!98E%:$9E7:!879?J!!Q%$%:988I(!
EC@>!>9H@$G>!@>!9!:%89E@H%8I!>F988!$#FL%:!<7FD9:%?!E7!EC%!7EC%:>(!L#E!@E!@>!$%H%:EC%8%>>!9!:%98!
>9H@$G>J!
• 4C%!<C9$G%!@$!H%C@<8%!;#%8!%<7$7FI!;:7F!EC@>!%;;%<E!K7#8?!L%!#$?%E%<E9L8%!LI!$7:F98!
F%9>#:%F%$E!E%<C$@m#%>(!>7!EC@>!<98<#89E@7$!@>!L9>%?!7$!9$!%$G@$%%:@$G!%>E@F9E%!7;!EC%!D7K%:!
9H9@89L8%!;:7F!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!9$$#988IJ!!X%!C9H%!9>>#F%?!EC9E!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!%;;@<@%$<I!@>!
9L7#E!Wcj!@$!EC@>!<98<#89E@7$!g!EC9E!@>(!@E!K7#8?!E9=%!9!8@EE8%!7H%:!EK@<%!9>!F#<C!D7K%:!G7@$G!
@$E7!EC%!98E%:$9E7:!;:7F!EC%!%$G@$%!E7!G%$%:9E%!EC%!D7K%:!EC9E!EC%!>789:!D9$%8!K7#8?!D:7H@?%J!
A$$#98!>9H@$G>!@$!:%E%$E@7$kC@:@$G!
• 6@$<%!F7>E!;8%%E>!K%!E98=%?!E7!@FD8%F%$E%?!>789:!D9$%8>!D:@F9:@8I!L9>%?!7$!9$!9>>#FDE@7$!7;!
@FD:7H@$G!?:@H%:!:%E%$E@7$!9$?!EC#>!9H7@?@$G!C@:@$G!9$?!E:9@$@$G!%ZD%$?@E#:%>(!K%!C9H%!
@$<8#?%?!EC@>!8@$%!@E%F!E7!D#E!9!H98#%!7$!EC@>!9>>#FDE@7$J!
• X%!EC@$=!@E!@>!:%9>7$9L8%!G@H%$!EC%!H%:I!C@GC!<7>E!7;!C@:@$G!9$?!E:9@$@$G!?:@H%:>!EC9E!9!L%$%;@E!7;!
f*))!D%:!E:#<=!D%:!I%9:!@>!9!H98@?!9>>#FDE@7$!@;!>789:!D9$%8>!9:%!@$>E988%?!7$!EC%!H%C@<8%J!!
M7K%H%:(!K%!:%<7G$@U%!EC9E!%9<C!;8%%E!K@88!H98#%!EC@>!L%$%;@E!?@;;%:%$E8I(!>7!EC%!#>%:!>C7#8?!
%$E%:!9!$#FL%:!EC9E!>%%F>!:%9>7$9L8%!;7:!EC%@:!D9:E@<#89:!7D%:9E@7$J!
2%>#8E>5!
A$$#98!>9H@$G>!;:7F!9H7@?%?!\#FD!>E9:E>!
A$$#98!>9H@$G>!;:7F!%ZE%$?%?!L9EE%:I!8@;%k:%?#<%?!:%D89<%F%$E>!
A$$#98!;#%8!>9H@$G>!H@9!:%?#<%?!@?8%!E@F%!
A$$#98!;#%8!>9H@$G>!?#%!E7!>789:!%$%:GI!D:7?#<E@7$!KC@8%!F7H@$G!
A$$#98!>9H@$G>!@$!:%E%$E@7$kC@:@$G!
47E98!<7>E!>9H@$G>!D%:!E:#<=!D%:!I%9:!
39IL9<=!D%:@7?!S@$!I%9:>T!
• .:7F!EC%!@$D#E>(!K%!<98<#89E%!EC%!9$$#98!D7E%$E@98!L%$%;@E>!@$!%9<C!7;!EC%!;@H%!<9E%G7:@%>!
F%$E@7$%?!9L7H%J!!4C%!E7E98!<7>E!>9H@$G>!@>!EC%!>#F!7;!EC%>%!;@H%!;9<E7:>!9$?!EC%!D9IL9<=!@>!9!
>@FD8%!<98<#89E@7$!7;!@$<8#?@$G!EC%!@$@E@98!D#:<C9>%!<7>E!H>J!EC%!L%$%;@E>J!!X%!?@?!$7E!9EE%FDE!E7!
<98<#89E%!EC%!D9IL9<=!D%:@7?!#>@$G!>E9$?9:?!E@F%!H98#%!7;!F7$%I!D9:9F%E%:>!>@$<%!EC%!
$#FL%:>!9:%!>@FD8I!?@:%<E@7$98!9$?!$7E!F%9$E!E7!L%!9$!%Z9<E!;@$9$<@98!<98<#89E@7$J!
!
! !
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! a*!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
1Z9FD8%>!7;!<98<#89E7:!7#ED#E!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! a&!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
!
!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! a^!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
Appendix B: List of Solar System Suppliers
!
!
Advanced/Energy/Machines/
CEED5kk9%FJG:%%$k!!
!
/
Bergstrom/
CEED>5kk#>JL%:G>E:7F@$<J<7Fk>789:!/
/
Carrier/Transicold/
CEED5kkKKKJ<9::@%:J<7FkE:#V>789:!!
!
/
eNow/
CEED>5kk%$7K%$%:GIJ<7Fk!
!
!
Go/Power!/
CEED>5kkGD%8%<E:@<J<7Fk!
!
/
MiaSolé/
CEED5kkF@9>78%J<7Fk!!
/
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! aW!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
/
Merlin/
CEED>5kkKKKJF%:8@$>789:J<7Fk!!
!
/
Orbcomm/
CEED>5kkKKKJ7:L<7FFJ<7Fk%$kC9:?K9:%k?%H@<%>kGEV**))!!
!
!
Purkeys!
CEED5kkKKKJD#:=%I>J$%Ek!!
!
Road/Ready/by/Truck-Lite/
CEED>5kkKKKJ:79?:%9?I>I>E%FJ<7Fk//
!
/
Thermo/King/
CEED>5kkKKKJ$9JEC%:F7=@$GJ<7FkE=V@$$7H9E@7$kG87L98k%$kD:7?#<E>kD7K%:VF9$9G%F%$Ek>789:V
D9$%8>JCEF8!!
Confidence Report on Solar for Trucks!
"#$%!&'(!&)*'! ! ac!
NORTH AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR FREIGHT EFFICIENCY
References
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
*!!CEED5kk9E:@V7$8@$%J7:GkKDV<7$E%$Ek#D879?>k&)*bk*)kA42/V,D%:9E@7$98V+7>E>V7;V4:#<=@$GV&)*bV*)V
&)*bJD?;!
&!!CEED>5kkKKKJ>%@9J7:Gk>789:V@$?#>E:IV:%>%9:<CV?9E9!
&!!CEED>5kkKKKJ>%@9J7:Gk>789:V@$?#>E:IV:%>%9:<CV?9E9!
^!!CEED5kkKKKJ98E%:$9E@H%V%$%:GIVE#E7:@98>J<7Fk>789:VD7K%:k>E9$?V987$%VDHV>I>E%FJCEF8!
W!CEED>5kkKKKJ>789:m#7E%>J<7FJ9#kC7KV?7%>V>789:VD7K%:VK7:=kC7KVF#<CVD7K%:V?7V@V$%%?k!
c!!CEED5kkDHK9EE>J$:%8JG7HkDHK9EE>JDCD!
a!!CEED5kkL9EE%:I#$@H%:>@EIJ<7Fk8%9:$k9:E@<8%k<C9:G@$G}EC%}8%9?}9<@?}L9EE%:I!
b!CEED5kkKKKJEE$%K>J<7Fk9:E@<8%>k9$98I>@>V#>V:#$$@$GV7#EVE:#<=%:>!!
'!CEED>5kk$9<;%J7:GkE%<C$787GIkL9EE%:IVCH9<k!!
e!CEED>5kk%$7K%$%:GIJ<7FkD:7\%<Ek#V>VZD:%>>V%$\7I>V*)VC7#:>V7;V:%>EVD%:@7?VCH9<VK@ECV%$7KV>789:k!!
*)!CEED>5kkKKKJE%9F:#$>F9:EJ<7Fk9:E@<8%>kE:#<=V>F9:Ek9#G#>EV&)*bk<778%?VLIVEC%V>#$!!
**!CEED>5kkKKKJE%9F:#$>F9:EJ<7Fk9:E@<8%>kE:#<=V>F9:EkF9@$E%$9$<%k7<E7L%:V&)*bk<778V@$VEC%V>#$!
*&!CEED5kkKKKJL8#%>=I%$%:GI@$<J<7F!
*^!CEED5kkKKKJ;8%%E%m#@DF%$EF9GJ<7FkF9$9G@$GVC7E%8V879?>k!!
*W!CEED>5kkG7D7K%:;8%%EJ<7FkKDV<7$E%$Ek#D879?>kX98E<7VP@;E9G%V&)*'JD?;!
*c!CEED5kkKKKJEE$%K>J<7Fk9:E@<8%>k?:@H%:V>C7:E9G%V:%E#:$>VE7DV9E:@>V>#:H%IV<:@E@<98V@$?#>E:IV@>>#%>!!
*a!CEED5kkKKKJD%K:%>%9:<CJ7:Gk;9<EVE9$=k&)*'k)Wk**kF@88%$$@98>V89:G%>EVG%$%:9E@7$V#>V89L7:V;7:<%k!!
*b!CEED5kkKKKJ<7$%<7FFJ<7Fk:%>%9:<CVL87Gk&)*aVF@88%$$@98V%FD87I%%V%$G9G%F%$EV
>E#?I|?7K$879?VEC%V:%>%9:<C!!
*'!CEED>5kkKKK&J?%87@EE%J<7Fk<7$E%$Ek?9Fk0%87@EE%kG87L98k07<#F%$E>kAL7#EV0%87@EE%kGZV?%87@EE%V
F@88%$$@98V>#:H%IV&)*bV%Z%<#E@H%V>#FF9:IJD?;!!
*e!CEED>5kkKKKJ<<\?@G@E98J<7Fk^WVC7#:V:%>E9:EV:%G>VE7V>E9IVD#EV;7887K@$GV@>>#9$<%V7;V87$GV9K9@E%?V
;F<>9V:%D7:Ek|!!
&)!CEED>5kkKKKJ>%@9J7:Gk@$@E@9E@H%>k>789:V@$H%>EF%$EVE9ZV<:%?@EV@E<!!
&*!CEED>5kk$%K>J%$%:GI>9G%J<7Fk&)*'V#>V>789:VE9:@;;V@FD9<EVD:@<%>k!!
&&!CEED>5kk<8%9$E%<C$@<9J<7Fk&)*'k)Wk&ckF9\7:@EIV7;V#>VH7E%:>V7DD7>%VE:#FD>V>789:VE9:@;;>k!
&^!CEED>5kkKKKJG:%%$E%<CF%?@9J<7Fk9:E@<8%>k:%9?k$%KVL@D9:E@>9$V8%G@>89E@7$VK7#8?V:%D%98VE:#FDV
9?F@$V>789:VE9:@;;>!
