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History of Business Technology PDF Free Download

History of Business Technology PDF free Download. Think more deeply and widely.

History of Business Technology

Unit: Technology

Problem Area: Identify Potential Trends in Technology

Lesson: History of Business Technology

¢Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students

achieving the following objectives:

1Describe current trends in business technology.

2Explain key historical developments of business technology.

3Identify the leading companies in the business technology industry.

¢Resources. The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:

“Computer History 1960–1980,” Computer Hope®. Accessed March 8,

2012. http://www.computerhope.com/history/196080.htm.

Davis, Charles H. “The History of Computers,” web-friend.com. Accessed

March 8, 2012. http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/pc_history.html.

“Fortune 500,” CNNMoney. Accessed March 8, 2012.

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/full_list/.

“A History of Cloud Computing,” CloudTweaks. Accessed March 8, 2012.

http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/.

“When Was the First Computer Invented?” Computer Hope®. Accessed

March 8, 2012. http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm.

White, Stephen. “A Brief History of Computing: A Complete Timeline,” Ste-

phen White. Accessed March 8, 2012. http://trillian.randomstuff.org.uk/

~stephen//history/timeline.html.

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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¢Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities

üOverhead or PowerPoint projector

üVisual(s) from accompanying master(s)

üCopies of sample test, lab sheet(s), and/or other items designed for duplication

üMaterials listed on duplicated items

üComputers with printers and Internet access

üClassroom resource and reference materials

¢Key Terms. The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics):

>digitized

>hardware-supported

>mobilized

>networked

>software and data-driven

>virtualized

¢Interest Approach. Use an interest approach that will prepare the students for the

lesson. Teachers often develop approaches for their unique class and student situations. A

possible approach is included here.

Have students take the following quiz:

tQuestion #1: Which company is the oldest? Microsoft (1976) or Dell (1984)?

tQuestion #2: Which company released the first Internet phone? Apple (2007) or

Ericksson (2000)

tQuestion #3: Which search engine came first? Google (1998) or Yahoo (1995)

tQuestion #4: How long did it take to reach 1 million websites after the World

Wide Web was introduced in 1991? 1 year, 5 years, or 10 years

tQuestion #5: Who was the first person to create a computer virus? A high school

student or a Microsoft scientist?

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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CONTENT SUMMARY AND

TEACHING STRATEGIES

Objective 1: Describe current trends in business technology.

Anticipated Problem: What are current trends in business technology?

I. Current trends include digitized, networked, mobilized, and virtualized.

A. Trend #1: A digitized business is a business with processes (e.g., human

resources; operations; project management; and information and communication

management) supported using computer hardware; the business is driven using

software and data management.

1. If a business is hardware-supported, computers, peripherals, and mobile

devices are required to run it.

2. If a business is software and data-driven, the right software programs and

digital data management are required to run it.

B. Trend #2: A networked business is a business with stakeholders who are

increasingly connected using computer technology, through venues such as social

networking websites, corporate websites, and email.

1. The Intranet is the networking technology for internal stakeholders (e.g., board

members, executive leadership, departments, and employees) to stay con-

nected using digital technology.

2. The Internet is the networking technology for external stakeholders (e.g., cus-

tomers and community members) to stay connected using digital technology.

C. Trend #3: A mobilized business is a business that operates with stakeholders

dispersed globally who travel and coordinate work from different locations.

1. Devices, such as smartphones and teleconferencing equipment (e.g., cam-

eras, microphones, and speakers), support mobilized business functions.

2. Applications, such as smartphone software and web-based teleconferencing

software, are integrated with devices to support the mobilization trend.

D. Trend #4: A virtualized business is a business that increasingly chooses to

outsource its technology infrastructure to web-based technology solutions rather

than own and maintain the infrastructure.

1. Outsourcing operational functions is the process in which a business uses

technology developed and maintained by external companies. For example, the

technology infrastructure is “rented” from a technology provider; it is not inter-

nally created or owned by a business.

2. Cloud computing is the descriptor for outsourcing business processes (e.g.,

data storage and management on servers, information and communication

functions, and operational software for human resource management and pro-

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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ject management). All of the software and data are kept on external computer

servers instead of on internal servers within the business.

Teaching Strategy: Use VM–A through VM–D. Have students visit

http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/ to create a

timeline of companies introducing cloud services. Have students write an essay

explaining how cloud computing incorporates digitized, networked, mobilized, and

virtualized.

Objective 2: Explain key historical developments of business technology.

Anticipated Problem: What are some key historical developments in business

technology?

II. The history of computer technology and its use for business productivity is broken into

three periods in this lesson: pre-1980, 1980 to 1990, and 1990 to current.

A. Pre-1980 developments can be summarized in three important areas: evolution of

computer and mobile phone hardware, birth of the Internet (before it was called

the Internet), and the incubation of technology giants, such as Microsoft and

Apple.

1. 1911—International Business Machines (IBM) incorporated.

2. 1939—Hewlett-Packard incorporated.

3. 1940—Motorola™ invented the “walkie-talkie” wireless communication.

4. 1955—IBM released the first commercial computer: 702.

5. 1960—AT&T released “Dataphone,” the first known modem.

6. 1962—AT&T put the first communication satellite into orbit.

7. 1964—IBM released System 360—the first product to use interchangeable

software and peripheral equipment.

8. 1969—ARPNET (first Internet) was used to connect UCLA and Stanford Univer-

sity.

9. 1973—The first handheld mobile phone operating outside of vehicles was cre-

ated.

10. 1976—Microsoft™ incorporated and created BASIC, which was its first soft-

ware.

11. 1977—The first Apple™ computer was created.

12. 1979—Compuserve™ became the first Internet Service Provider offering dial-

up connections to the general public.

B. The period of 1980 to 1990 can be characterized by the maturation of graphical

user interface or the functionality that made computer use accessible to the

“average person.” Operating system technology (e.g., Microsoft Windows™) was

created during this period. Word processing programs and spreadsheet programs

appeared in this period. Specialized software companies were born (e.g., Norton,

Symantec, and Adobe). Computer and mobile hardware evolved with the

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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appearance of portable computers and smaller, more versatile cellular devices.

Cellular networks (G1) were implemented, increasing the range of mobile

communication. Internet technology evolved, enabling users to share more

information.

1. 1980—IBM hired Microsoft to write software for using computers: BASIC,

COBOL, FORTRAN, and Pascal.

2. 1981—IBM introduced computers operating with the MS-DOS system.

3. 1982—A high school student created the first known computer virus: “The Elk

Cloner.”

4. 1982—WordPerfect™ word processing software was released.

5. 1983—Apple released the first commercial computer using graphical user

interface capabilities.

6. 1983—ARPNET standardized Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Pro-

tocol (TCP/IP) technologies.

7. 1983—Tandy, Epson, and NTC sold notebook computers.

8. 1983—The Lotus™ spreadsheet program was released.

9. 1984—Dell™ was incorporated.

10. 1985—Microsoft Windows™ was first released.

11. 1985—Microsoft released Excel spreadsheet software.

12. 1987—Microsoft introduced Microsoft Works word processing software.

13. 1987—ARPNET hosts (later known as websites) reached 10,000.

14. 1988—Trend Micro incorporated.

15. 1989—ARPNET hosts reached 100,000.

C. The period of 1990 to today is known for the explosive arrival of the World Wide

Web; the move from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, which provided users with the ability to

upload and publish on the web—the basis for social networking websites; the

move through Generations 2, 3, and 4 with digital mobile technologies that

hooked mobile devices into the World Wide Web; enhanced computer capacities

based on improving microprocessor capacities; the arrival of search engine

companies (e.g., Yahoo™ and Google™); and the arrival of technology companies

offering web-based business productivity services (e.g., project management and

data management “cloud computing”).

1. 1991—The World Wide Web and the first website were created.

2. 1992—The number of website hosts exceeded 1,000,000.

3. 1993—The Mosaic web browser improved graphics by using the Internet.

4. 1994 to 1995—Multiple Pentium™ microprocessors were released.

5. 1995—Yahoo incorporated.

6. 1998—Google incorporated.

7. 2000—The first mobile device labeled as a “smartphone” was released; it was

a touch-screen mobile device by Ericsson™.

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8. 2000—Cisco™ was the top company in its industry, with $500 billion market

capitalization; offering wireless hardware and web-based telecommunication

services (e.g., web conferencing).

9. 2002—MySpace was created.

10. 2002—The first Blackberry™ smartphone that used wireless email capacities

was introduced.

11. 2002—Amazon released its cloud computing service “Amazon Web Service.”

12. 2003—Microsoft offered a “Small Business Server” and a “Remote Web Work-

place.”

13. 2006 to 2008—MySpace was passed by Facebook as the most popular social

networking website.

14. 2006—Google™ began cloud computing with GoogleDocs™.

15. 2006—Amazon™ offered cloud computing for small businesses: Amazon’s

Elastic Compute Cloud.

16. 2007—Apple™ released the first iPhone.

Teaching Strategy: Use VM–E through VM–J to exhibit the information and

timelines. Have students connect key dates, developments, and companies that fed

into the trends of “networked” and “mobilized.” Have students research the following

Internet resources and develop a timeline reflecting their personal interests:

http://trillian.randomstuff.org.uk/~stephen//history/timeline.html,

http://www.computerhope.com/history/196080.htm, and

http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm.

Objective 3: Identify the leading companies in the business technology industry.

Anticipated Problem: What are the leading companies in the business technology

industry?

III. Different technology industries and companies are identified on the Fortune 500 list,

which is updated annually. Recent companies on the list include:

A. The computer peripheral industry

1. EMC™

a. It is 152nd on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products offered include cloud computing services.

2. Western Digital™

a. It is 251st on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include storage devices, home entertainment hardware, and

peripheral accessories.

B. Computers and office equipment

1. Hewlett-Packard™

a. It is 11th on the Fortune 500 list.

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b. Products include computers, printers, and a wide variety of electronics.

2. Apple™

a. It is 35th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include computers, phones, entertainment, and accessories.

C. Computer software

1. Microsoft™

a. It is 38th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include software and cloud computing services.

2. Oracle™

a. It is 96th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include database services, cloud business, and

applications/software.

D. Internet service and retailing

1. Amazon.com™

a. It is 78th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include electronics, books, music, entertainment, and a wide

variety of retail items.

2. Google™

a. It is 92nd on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include advertising services and cloud business

applications/software.

E. Information technology services

1. IBM™

a. It is 18th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include business software solutions, storage, and financial

services.

2. Computer Sciences™

a. It is 155th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include cloud computing, business applications, networking

services, and consulting.

F. Network and other communication equipment

1. Cisco Systems™

a. It is 62nd on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include web-based communication, collaboration, and productivity

applications.

2. Motorola Solutions™

a. It is 116th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include business hardware and infrastructure, security and

compliance services, integrated communication, and supply chain logistics.

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G. The telecommunications industry

1. AT&T™

a. It is 12th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include communications services, mobile phones, long distance,

Internet services, and web-based unified communications tools.

2. Verizon™

a. It is 16th on the Fortune 500 list.

b. Products include communications services, mobile phones, long distance,

Internet services, and web-based unified communications tools.

Teaching Strategy: Use VM–K to demonstrate the information in a chart format.

Have students visit http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/full_list/

to view the sortable Fortune 500 list of technology companies in different industries.

Search “CNN Money and Fortune 500”to find the most updated rankings. Have each

student identify one company from the Fortune 500 list that he or she would like to

research.

¢Review/Summary. Use the student learning objectives to summarize the lesson.

Have students explain the content associated with each objective. Student responses can

be used in determining which objectives need to be reviewed or taught from a different

angle. Questions at the ends of chapters in the textbook may also be used in the

Review/Summary.

¢Application. Use the included visual master(s) and lab sheet(s) to apply the

information presented in the lesson.

¢Evaluation. Evaluation should focus on student achievement of the objectives for the

lesson. Various techniques can be used, such as student performance on the application

activities. A sample written test is provided.

¢Answers to Sample Test:

Part One: Matching

1. a

2. b

3. e

4. d

5. c

6. f

Part Two: Completion

1. mobilized

2. Outsourcing

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3. AT&T

4. Facebook

5. virus

6. cloud

Part Three: True/False

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

6. F

7. T

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Sample Test Name ________________________________________

History of Business Technology

uPart One: Matching

Instructions: Match the term with the correct definition.

a. digitized d. networked

b. hardware-supported e. software and data-driven

c. mobilized f. virtualized

_____1. A business with processes (e.g., human resources; operations; and project

management) supported using computer hardware; driven using software and data

management

_____2. A business that requires computers, peripherals, and mobile devices to run

_____3. A business that requires the right software programs and digital data management to

run

_____4. A business with stakeholders who are increasingly connected using computer

technology, through venues such as social networking websites, corporate websites,

and email

_____5. A business that operates with stakeholders dispersed globally who travel and coordinate

work from different locations

_____6. A business that increasingly chooses to outsource its technology infrastructure to web-

based technology solutions rather than own and maintain the infrastructure

uPart Two: Completion

Instructions: Provide the word or words to complete the following statements.

1. Devices, such as smartphones and teleconferencing equipment, support

_________________________ business functions.

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2. _________________________ operational functions are the process where businesses use

technology developed and maintained by external companies.

3. The first known modem was released by _________________________.

4. The social network site that passed MySpace in popularity from 2006 to 2008 is

_________________________.

5. In 1982, a high school student created the first known computer

_________________________ called the “Elk Cloner.”

6. By 2006, Amazon was offering _________________________ computing for small

businesses.

uPart Three: True/False

Instructions: Write Tfor true or Ffor false.

_____1. Cloud computing is the descriptor for outsourcing business processes such as data

storage and management on servers, information and communication functions, and

operational software for human resource management and project management.

_____2. Pre-1980 developments can be summarized using two important areas: the evolution

of computer and mobile phone hardware and the birth of the Internet.

_____3. ARPNET (first Internet) was first used to connect UCLA and Stanford University.

_____4. Specialized software companies (e.g., Norton, Symantec, and Adobe) were born in the

period between 1980 and 1990.

_____5. Search engines like Yahoo! and Google began in the mid-1900s.

_____6. Facebook was the first website created.

_____7. The first Apple iPhone was released in 2007.

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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VM–A

TREND #1: DIGITIZED

Adigitized business is a business with processes (e.g.,

human resources; operations; project management; and

information and communication management) supported

using computer hardware; it is driven using software and

data management.

tIf a business is

hardware-supported,

computers, peripherals,

and mobile devices are

required to run it.

tIf a business is

software and data-

driven, the right

software programs and

digital data

management are

required to run it.

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VM–B

TREND #2: NETWORKED

Anetworked business is a business with stakeholders

who are increasingly connected using computer

technology, through venues such as social networking

websites, corporate websites, and email.

tThe Intranet is the networking technology for internal

stakeholders (e.g., board members, executive

leadership, departments, and employees of the

company) to stay connected using digital technology.

tThe Internet is the networking technology for external

stakeholders (e.g., customers and community

members) to stay connected using digital technology.

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VM–C

TREND #3: MOBILIZED

Amobilized business is a business that operates with

stakeholders dispersed globally who travel and coordinate

work from different locations.

tDevices such as smartphones and teleconferencing

equipment (i.e., cameras, microphones, and

speakers) support

mobilized business

functions.

tApplications (e.g.,

smartphone software

and web-based

teleconferencing

software) are

integrated with

devices to support

the trend of

mobilization.

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VM–D

TREND #4: VIRTUALIZED

Avirtualized business is a business that increasingly

chooses to outsource its technology infrastructure to web-

based technology solutions rather than own and maintain

the infrastructure.

tOutsourcing operational functions is the process by which a

business uses technology developed and maintained by

external companies. Therefore, the technology infrastructure

is “rented” from the technology provider, not internally

created or owned by the business.

tCloud computing is the descriptor for outsourcing business

processes such as data storage and management on

servers, information

and communication

functions, and

operational software

for human resource

management and

project management.

All of the software

and data are kept on

external computer

servers, not on

internal servers

within the business.

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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VM–E

PRE-1980 DEVELOPMENTS

Pre-1980 developments can be summarized in three

important areas:

1. The incubation of future technology giants (e.g., IBM,

Helwett-Packard, AT&T, Microsoft, and Apple)

2. The evolution of computer and mobile phone hard-

ware

3. The birth of the Internet (before it was called the

Internet)

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VM–F

PRE-1980 SAMPLE TIMELINE

t1911—International Business Machines (IBM) incorporated.

t1939—Hewlett-Packard incorporated.

t1940—Motorola™ invented the “walkie-talkie” wireless

communication.

t1955—IBM released the first commercial computer: 702.

t1960—AT&T released “Dataphone,” which was the first known

modem.

t1962—AT&T put the first communication satellite into orbit.

t1964—IBM released System 360, which was the first to use

interchangeable software and peripheral equipment.

t1969—ARPNET (the first Internet) was used to connect UCLA

and Stanford University.

t1973—The first handheld mobile phone operating outside of

vehicles was created.

t1977—The first Apple™ computer was created.

t1976—Microsoft™ incorporated and created BASIC, which

was its first software.

t1979—Compuserve™ became the first Internet Service

Provider offering dial-up connections to the general public.

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VM–G

1980 TO 1990

The period of 1980 to 1990 can be characterized by the

following:

tIt involved the maturation of graphical user interfaces or

functionality that made computer use accessible to the

average person.

tOperating system technology (e.g., Microsoft Windows™)

was created during this period. Word processing and

spreadsheet programs appeared in this period.

tSpecialized software companies (e.g., Norton, Symantec,

and Adobe) were born.

tComputer and mobile hardware evolved with the

appearance of portable computers and smaller, more

versatile cellular devices.

tCellular networks (G1) were implemented, increasing the

range of mobile communication.

tInternet technology evolved, enabling users to packet and

share more information.

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VM–H

1980 TO 1990 SAMPLE TIMELINE

t1980—IBM hired Microsoft to write software for using

computers: BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, and Pascal.

t1981—IBM introduced computers operating with the MS-DOS

system.

t1982—A high school student created the first known

computer virus: “The Elk Cloner.”

t1982—WordPerfect™ word processing software was released.

t1983—Apple released its first commercial computer using

graphical user interface capabilities.

t1983—ARPNET standardized Transmission Control Protocol

and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) technologies.

t1983—Tandy, Epson, and NTC sold notebook computers.

t1983—The Lotus™ spreadsheet program was released.

t1984—Dell™ was incorporated.

t1985—Microsoft Windows™ was first released.

t1985—Microsoft released Excel spreadsheet software.

t1987—Microsoft introduced Microsoft Works word processing

software.

t1987—ARPNET hosts (later known as websites) reached

10,000.

t1988—Trend Micro incorporated.

t1989—ARPNET hosts reached 100,000.

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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VM–I

1990 TO CURRENT

The period of 1990 to current is known for the following:

tThe explosive arrival of the World Wide Web

tThe move from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, which provided users

with the ability to upload and publish on the web (the basis

for social networking websites)

tThe move through Generations 2, 3, and 4 with digital

mobile technologies that hooked mobile devices into the

World Wide Web

tEnhanced computer capacities based on improving

microprocessor capacities

tThe arrival of search engine companies (e.g., Yahoo™ and

Google™)

tThe arrival of technology companies offering web-based

business productivity services (e.g., project management

and data management) in cloud computing

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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VM–J

1990 TO CURRENT:

SAMPLE TIMELINE

t1991—The World Wide Web and the first website were

created.

t1992—The number of website hosts exceeded

1,000,000.

t1993—The Mosaic web browser improved graphics

using the Internet.

t1994 to 1995—Multiple Pentium™ microprocessors

were released.

t1995—Yahoo incorporated.

t1998—Google incorporated.

t2000—The first mobile device labeled as a smartphone

was released; it was a touch-screen mobile device by

Ericsson™.

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t2000—Cisco™ was the top company in its industry with

$500 billion market capitalization; it was offering

wireless hardware and web-based telecommunication

services, such as web conferencing.

t2002—MySpace was created.

t2002—The first Blackberry™ smartphone that used

wireless email capacities was created.

t2002—Amazon released its cloud computing service:

Amazon Web Service.

t2003—Microsoft offered its Small Business Server and

a Remote Web Workplace.

t2006 to 2008—MySpace was passed by Facebook as

the most popular social networking website.

t2006—Google™ began cloud computing with

GoogleDocs™.

t2006—Amazon™ offered cloud computing for small

businesses: Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud.

t2007—Apple™ released the first iPhone.

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VM–K

FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES

Fortune 500

2011 Rank

Name of

Company Category

Example of

Products/Services

11 Hewlett-

Packard™

Computer, office

equipment industry

Computers, printers, wide

variety of electronics

AT&T™ Telecommunications

industry

Communications services,

mobile phones, long

distance, Internet

services, web-based

unified communications

tools

Verizon™ Telecommunications

industry

Communications services,

mobile phones, long

distance, Internet

services, web-based

unified communications

tools

IBM™ Information technology

services industry

Business software

solutions, storage,

financial services

Apple™ Computer, office

equipment industry

Computers, phones,

entertainment,

accessories

38 Microsoft™ Computer software

industry

Software, cloud

computing services

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Fortune 500

2011 Rank

Name of

Company Category

Example of

Products/Services

Cisco

Systems™

Network and other

communication

equipment industry

Web-based

communication,

collaboration, and

productivity applications

Amazon.com™ Internet service and

retailing industry

Electronics, books, music,

entertainment, wide

variety of retail items

Google™ Internet service and

retailing industry

Advertising services, cloud

business

applications/software

Oracle™ Computer software

industry

Database services, cloud

business

applications/software

116

Motorola

Solutions™

Network and other

communication

equipment industry

Business hardware and

infrastructure, security

and compliance services,

integrated

communication, supply

chain logistics

152 EMC™ Computer peripheral

industry

Cloud computing services

155

Computer

Sciences™

Information technology

services industry

Cloud computing,

business applications,

networking services,

consulting

251

Western

Digital™

Computer peripheral

industry

Storage devices, home

entertainment hardware,

peripheral accessories

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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LS–A Name ________________________________________

History of Technology Businesses

Purpose

The purpose of this activity is to research and write a report on the history of a chosen

technology business.

Objectives

1. Select a technology company to research.

2. Complete research on the selected company.

3. Write a two- to four-page research paper.

Materials

tlab sheet

tInternet-connected computer

tlibrary books, journals, and online articles

tword processor

tpaper

twriting utensil

Procedure

1. Select a technology company you would like to research.

2. Research your selected company using various methods. Visit the company’s website to

learn historical information; search for recent articles on the Internet; search for the

company’s annual report; and locate books and journals in the library about the

company.

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3. Write a two- to four-page research report that answers the “Research Questions”

provided with this lab.

Research Questions

1. What is the name of the company, and what year was it started?

2. Where is the company’s headquarters located?

3. How big is the company? How many employees does it have? How many different

locations does it have? In how many different cities, states, or countries does the

company operate? Does the company have an e-commerce website for selling its

products?

4. What business needs does the company help meet with its products? Under what

industry category is the company labeled on the Fortune 500 list?

5. What products or services does the company create and sell? What are its best-selling

products or services?

6. What are important financial numbers for the company? What were its recent annual

sales totals? What were its recent annual cost totals? What were recent net profits?

7. What popular leaders have worked for the company?

8. Has the company changed its product or service focus over the years?

9. Has the company been in the news recently? What recent news articles did you find?

Lesson: History of Business Technology

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History of Business Technology PDF Free Download

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