DEVELOPING AND PILOT TESTING 360° MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR DIETETIC INTERN EVALUATION PDF Free Download

1 / 102
0 views102 pages

DEVELOPING AND PILOT TESTING 360° MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR DIETETIC INTERN EVALUATION PDF Free Download

DEVELOPING AND PILOT TESTING 360° MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR DIETETIC INTERN EVALUATION PDF free Download. Think more deeply and widely.

!"#"$%&'()*+(!*&'$%,*,"-,'()*./0o*12$,'3-%245"*6""!7+58*+--"--1"(,*,%%$*6%4*
!'",",'5*'(,"4(*"#+$2+,'%(**
*
*
*
*
79**
5:;<=>;*?@A;B*
*
*
*
*
*
+*!=CC;<A@A=D>*CEFB=AA;G*AD*A:;*!;H@<AB;>A*DI*?;@JA:*@>G*?EB@>*&;<ID<B@>K;**
2>=L;<C=A9*DI*?DECAD>**
*
*
*
*
'>*&@<A=@J*6EJI=JJB;>A*DI*A:;*4;ME=<;B;>AC*ID<*A:;*!;N<;;*DI**
*
*
!DKAD<*DI*&:=JDCDH:9*
'>*8=>;C=DJDN9**
*
*
*
5:@=<*DI*5DBB=AA;;O*!<P*,<@K;9*$;GDEQ*
*
5DBB=AA;;*1;BF;<O*!<P*8;L=>*?@EF<=KR*!
*
5DBB=AA;;*1;BF;<O*!<P*5<@=N*SD:>CAD>*
*
5DBB=AA;;*1;BF;<O*!<P*,@FF;A:@*$DH;T*
!
2>=L;<C=A9*DI*?DECAD>*
+ENECA*U0UV*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
"#$%&'()*!+,+-.!")/&'0/!12*/3!
*
* *
!"!'5+,'%(*
*
*
4#!3%!)567208.!92:)'&.!208!3%!*;#!6#06.!</#&(/!208!<2='>!!
?#5!32@/!3/!6*&#0(/&!208!7/**/&!/=/&%!82%>!!
?#5!;'AA!2A;2%6!7/!3%!B'&6*!$&'#&'*%>!
C!A#=/!%#5!/08A/66A%>! !
+58(%W$"!)"1"(,-*
*
*
C!;#5A8!A'@/!*#!B'&6*!208!B#&/3#6*!*)20@!3%!:#33'**//!:)2'&!208!28='6#&.!D&>!4&2:/%!
E/8#5F>!C*!;26!2!$&'='A/(/!*#!)2=/!%#5!26!2!3/0*#&>!?#5&!/F:/$*'#02A!A/28/&6)'$!)26!'06$'&/8!3/!
*#!(&#;!#0!320%!A/=/A6.!26!20!2:28/3':.!26!2!3#*)/&.!208!26!2!)5320!7/'0(>!C!;#5A8!0#*!7/!*)/!
623/!$/&6#0!'B!%#5!)28!0#*!7//0!$2&*!#B!3%!G#5&0/%>!4)20@!%#5!B#&!65$$#&*'0(!3/!
50:#08'*'#02AA%!*)&#5()!'*!2AA>!!
C!;#5A8!2A6#!A'@/!*#!*)20@!3%!8'66/&*2*'#0!:#33'**//!3/37/&6.!D&>!H/='0!1257&':@.!D&>!
"&2'(!I#)06*#0.!208!D&>!4277/*)2!E#$/J>!C!23!(&2*/B5A!B#&!%#5&!)/A$B5A!28=':/.!B//872:@!#0!*)'6!
$&#G/:*.!208!:#0*'05/8!(5'820:/>!!
K'02AA%.!C!;#5A8!A'@/!*#!*)20@!3%!B23'A%.!/6$/:'2AA%!3%!)567208.!B#&!7/'0(!*)/&/!2*!*)/!
/08!#B!2AA!*)/!:)2AA/0('0(!82%6>!4)20@!%#5!B#&!%#5&!50;2=/&'0(!65$$#&*>!*!
,+7$"*%6*5%(,"(,-*
*
DLDC"M4CNOP!
!
M"HONQEL<RLO4P!
!
4M9EL!NK!"NO4LO4P!
!
M9P4SM"4!
!
T> "1MU4LS!TV!CO4SNDW"4CNO!
!
+> "1MU4LS!+V!EC4LSM4WSL!SLXCLQ!!
+>!T>!M66/663/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!'6!0#*!6*2082&8'J/8!208!0#*!=2A'8!B#&!/=2A52*'0(!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!'0!8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!!
+>T>T>!M66/663/0*!'6!2!8&'=/&!#B!A/2&0'0(!208!:#3$/*/0:/!8/=/A#$3/0*!!
+>T>+>!D'/*/*':!266/663/0*!3/*)#8#A#(%!'6!0#*!6*2082&8'J/8.!0#*!/='8/0:/Y726/8.!
208!)26!A'**A/!/='8/0:/!#B!=2A'8'*%!
+>T>Z>!4)/!56/!#B!6'0(A/Y266/66#&!"9M!/=2A52*'#0!3/*)#8!$&/6/0*6!6%6*/3':!7'26!!
+>T>Z>T>!"#3$/*/0:%!926/8!M66/663/0*!'0!D'/*/*':6!
+>T>Z>+>!P'0(A/Y266/66#&!U&2:*':/6!#B!"9M!
+>T>->!"#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!0#*!
&/BA/:*/8!'0!*)/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!56/8!B#&!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!
+>T>->T>!"#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!
+>T>->+>!"2&//&Y&/28'0/66
+>T>[>!D'=/&6'*%!208!6%6*/3':!7'26!'0!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!!
+>+>!R5A*'YP#5&:/!K//872:@!\RPK]!M66/663/0*!!
Z> "1MU4LS!ZV!RL41NDNEN<?!
Z>T>!P*58%!D/6'(0!N=/&='/;!
Z>+>!R/*)#8#A#(%!B#&!M'3!T!
Z>+>T>!U2&*':'$20*6!
Z>+>+>!R/*)#86!
Z>+>+>T>!S/:&5'*3/0*!^!/0&#AA3/0*!
Z>+>+>+>!U&#:/85&/6!
Z>+>+>Z>!M02A%6'6!$A20!
Z>+>+>->!U&#*#*%$/!8/=/A#$3/0*!
Z>Z>!R/*)#8#A#(%!B#&!M'3!+!
Z>Z>T>!R/*)#86!
Z>Z>T>T>!U2&*':'$20*6.!&/:&5'*3/0*.!208!6:&//0'0(!
Z>Z>T>+>!U&#:/85&/6!
Z>Z>T>Z>!M02A%6'6!UA20!
!
-> "1MU4LS!-V!MCR!T!SLPWE4P!MOD!DCP"WPPCNO!
->T>!M'3!T!S/65A*6!!
! ! 427A/!TV!P23$A/!8/6:&'$*'#0!#B!$2&*':'$20*6_!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!!
! ! 427A/!+V!4)/3/6.!$2&*':'$20*6_!*)/3/!/08#&6/3/0*.!208!623$A/!`5#*/6!
! ! 427A/!ZV!D/:'6'#0!*27A/!B#&!&/*2'0'0(!#&!&/3#='0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
->+>!M'3!T!D'6:566'#0!!!
! ->+>T>!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!0#*!/0:#3$266!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%!!
->+>+>!"#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!2&/!$##&A%!&/$&/6/0*/8!'0!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!
6*2082&86!!
->+>+>T>!H0#;'0(!208!#;0'0(!#0/_6!&#A/!;'*)'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!2!
35A*'8'6:'$A'02&%!*/23!!
! ! ->+>+>+>!LBB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!!
! ! ->+>+>Z>!9/'0(!20!/BB/:*'=/!*/23!$A2%/&!
! ->+>Z>!S/A/=20:/!#B!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!!
! ->+>->!S/A/=20:/!#B!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!!
! ->+>[>!N*)/&!B'08'0(6V!"A'0':2A!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/!!
! ->+>a>!C3$A':2*'#06!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/!
! ->+>b>!P*&/0(*)6!208!A'3'*2*'#06!!
!
[> "1MU4LS![V!MCR!+!SLPWE4P!MOD!DCP"WPPCNO!
[>T>!M'3!+!S/65A*6!!
[>T>T> P23$A/!")2&2:*/&'6*':6!!
427A/!-V!P23$A/!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!$2&*':'$20*6!
[>T>+> c52A'*2*'=/!82*2!B&#3!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6V!B2:'A'*2*#&6.!72&&'/&6.!
208!62*'6B2:*'#0!
[>T>+>T>!92&&'/&6!*#!B/26'7'A'*%!!
[>T>+>+>!K2:'A'*2*#&6!#B!B/26'7'A'*%!!
[>T>+>Z>!P2*'6B2:*'#0!;'*)!266/663/0*!!
427A/![V!4)/3/6!208!623$A/!`5#*/6!
[>T>Z> D/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!B&#3!'0*/&06_!/=2A52*'#06!!
427A/!aV!D/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!B&#3!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!/=2A52*'#06!
[>+> M'3!+!D'6:566'#0!!
[>+>T>!92&&'/&!TV!E'3'*/8!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/F$#65&/!
[>+>+>!92&&'/&!+V!C0*/&06_!8'6:#3B#&*!8&'=/0!7%!$/&:/'=/8!:256/6!#B!&2*/&6_!&/G/:*'#0!
[>+>Z>!P2*'6B2:*'#0!;'*)!266/663/0*!!
[>+>->!P*&/0(*)6!208!A'3'*2*'#06!!
!
a> "NOE"WPCNO!
* *
+7-,4+5,*
*
D/6$'*/!*)/!M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!L85:2*'#0!'0!D'/*/*':6_!\M"LOD]!:5&&/0*!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!
6*2082&86!B#&!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*.!*)/!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2&/!0#*!
6*2082&8'J/8.!0#*!/='8/0:/Y726/8.!0#*!=2A'8.!8#!0#*!:2$*5&/!2!)#A'6*':!='/;!#B!2!8'/*/*':!
*&2'0//_6!6@'AA6/*.!208!2&/!$&#0/!*#!7'26.!6$/:'B':2AA%!*#;2&86!*&2'0//6!B&#3!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!
$#$5A2*'#06>!M6!*)/%!6*208.!*)/!:5&&/0*!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!)'()A%!6$/:'B':!*#!/=2A52*'0(!
8'/*/*':!@0#;A/8(/!208!6@'AA6!&/A2*/8!*#!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!?/*.!*)/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!A2:@!B#:56/8.!
/F$A':'*!208!:#3$&/)/06'=/!'0:A56'#0!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A.!6#B*Y6@'AA!:#3$/*/0:'/6!65:)!26!:2&//&Y
&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!P5:)!:)2AA/0(/6!:#0*'05/!
*#!('=/!8'6*#&*/8!208!'0:#06'6*/0*!/6*'32*'#06!#B!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#02A6_!:#3$/*/0:/>!4)/!R5A*'Y
P#5&:/!K//872:@!\RPK.!2A6#!@0#;0!26.!Za,Y8/(&//!B//872:@]!3/*)#8!#B!/=2A52*'#0!)26!7//0!
65((/6*/8!B#&!56/!'0!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:/!266/663/0*!85/!*#!*)/!6*&#0(!/='8/0:/!65$$#&*'0(!'*6!
65$/&'#&'*%!'0!=2A'8'*%.!&/A'27'A'*%.!208!B/26'7'A'*%>!RPK!:#AA/:*6!B//872:@!#0!2!*&2'0//!B&#3!
35A*'$A/!266/66#&6!#0!35A*'$A/!#::26'#06!208!'6!:2$27A/!#B!50:#=/&'0(!7A'08!6$#*6!'0!2!*&2'0//_6!
6@'AA6/*>!!
!
N5&!6*58%!2'3/8!*#!8/=/A#$!208!$'A#*!*/6*!2!$&#*#*%$/!#B!2!Za,o!R5A*'YP#5&:/!K//872:@!D'/*/*':!
M66/663/0*!4##A!*)2*!288&/66/6!(2$6!'0!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*>!C0!M'3!T!#B!#5&!$&#G/:*.!2!
:#3$&/)/06'=/!A'6*!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;26!:#3$'A/8!B&#3V!T]!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6!;'*)!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!;#&@!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!S/('6*/&/8!D'/*'*'20!
O5*&'*'#0'6*6!\SD6.!SDO6!#&!8'/*'*'206].!+]!&2*'0(6!#B!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!:#AA27#&2*'=/!&/28'0/66!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!7%!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!;#&@!;'*)'0!
*)/!6$)/&/!#B!SDO6>!"#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
;/&/!B#508!*#!7/!#76/&=27A/.!266/6627A/.!208!=2A527A/!B&#3!2AA'/8!)/2A*)!$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!
6*208$#'0*!208!;/&/!&/*2'0/8!'0!*)/!B'02A!266/663/0*!$&#*#*%$/>!"#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!288/8!*#!
*)/!266/663/0*!$&#*#*%$/!726/8!#0!$2&*':'$20*6_!/08#&6/3/0*V!H0#;'0(!208!#;0'0(!#0/_6!&#A/!
;'*)'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!*)/!35A*'8'6:'$A'02&%!*/23.!/BB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0.!:A'0':2A!@0#;A/8(/!
208!/F$/&*'6/.!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%.!208!7/'0(!20!/BB/:*'=/!*/23!$A2%/&>!C0!M'3!+!#B!#5&!
$&#G/:*.!*)/!Za,o!R5A*'YP#5&:/!K//872:@!D'/*/*':!M66/663/0*!4##A!;26!*/6*/8!B#&!B/26'7'A'*%!#0!
0'0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;)#!;/&/!/0&#AA/8!'0!2!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!26!$2&*!#B!2!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!
$&#(&23>!P/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;/&/!:#085:*/8!;'*)!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6!*#!8/*/&3'0/!*)/!
B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!T+!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A!;)#!;#&@!'0!
*)/'&!6$)/&/>!N5&!&/65A*6!B#508!*)/!RPKZa,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!'6!/26%!*#!56/!75*!'6!0#*!
B/26'7A/!'0!6/**'0(6!;)/&/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2&/!0#*!&/:/'='0(!20!28/`52*/!/F$#65&/!*#!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!/F$/&'/0:/6>!4)/!32'0!72&&'/&!B#&!B/26'7'A'*%!6*/33/8!B&#3!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!0#*!2$$&#2:)'0(!/0#5()!/=2A52*#&6!85/!*#V!T]!A'3'*/8!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
/F$#65&/!85&'0(!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#06!208!+]!'0*/&06_!8'6:#3B#&*!B&#3!$/&:/'=/8!&/26#06!B#&!&2*/&6_!
&/G/:*'#0>!!
*
* *
XP*5?+&,"4*XO*'(,4%!25,'%(*
*
M66/663/0*!$A2%6!2!:&'*':2A!&#A/!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!208!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/!8/=/A#$3/0*!
\KA/*:)/&!/*!2A>.!+,T+d!E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tb].!%/*!266/663/0*!:#0*'05/6!*#!7/!$##&A%!:#085:*/8!'0!
*)/!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#0>!M!8/B/06'7A/!266/663/0*!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!2**2'03/0*!'6!*)/!:#&0/&6*#0/!
#B!)/2A*)!$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!/85:2*'#0!208!&/`5'&/6!:2&/B5A!8/6'(0.!=2A'82*'#0.!208!&/6/2&:)!\E#:@%/&!
/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!W&7'02!^!R#0@6.!+,+,]>!D/6$'*/!:5&&/0*!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!*)2*!2&/!56/8!
*#!(5'8/!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*.!*)/!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2&/!0#*!6*2082&8'J/8.!
0#*!/='8/0:/Y726/8.!0#*!=2A'8.!8#!0#*!:2$*5&/!2!)#A'6*':!='/;!#B!2!8'/*/*':!*&2'0//_6!6@'AA6/*.!208!
2&/!$&#0/!*#!7'26.!6$/:'B':2AA%!*#;2&86!6*58/0*6!B&#3!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!$#$5A2*'#06>!P5:)!
:)2AA/0(/6!:#0*'05/!*#!('=/!8'6*#&*/8!208!'0:#06'6*/0*!/6*'32*'#06!#B!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#02A6_!
:#3$/*/0:/!\92:#0!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Ted!U2A/&3#!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!
!
4)/!Q#&A8!1/2A*)!N&(20'J2*'#0!\Q1N].!*)/!O2*'#02A!M:28/3%!#B!R/8':'0/!\OMR].!*)/!M:28/3%!
#B!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':_6!\4)/!M:28/3%!#&!MOD]!"#50:'A!#0!K5*5&/!U&2:*':/.!208!4)/!
M:28/3%_6!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6!\1ND]!:2AA/8!B#&!*)/!0//8!*#!(/0/&2*/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!'0!)/2A*):2&/.!'0:A58'0(!8'/*/*':6!\<'A7/&*!/*!2A>.!+,T,d!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6.!+,++]>!
C0!288'*'#0.!/='8/0:/!65((/6*6!*)/&/!'6!2!0//8!*#!'0:#&$#&2*/!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:/!'0!
*)/!05*&'*'#0!208!8'/*/*':!:#3350'*%!56'0(!*)/!/'()*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8/=/A#$/8!7%!4)/!O2*'#02A!
M66#:'2*'#0!#B!"#AA/(/6!208!L3$A#%/&6!\OM"L]!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!M"LOD!$&#='8/6!:#&/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!B#&!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236!*#!/=2A52*/!'0*/&06!85&'0(!*)/'&!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&06)'$>!K#AA#;'0(!*)/!65::/66B5A!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236.!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&06!2&/!`52A'B'/8!*#!*2@/!*)/!S/('6*/&/8!D'/*'*'20!LF23!208!/2&0!*)/!SDfSDO!:&/8/0*'2A!B#&!
$&2:*':/>!4)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!6/&=/!26!*)/!A26*!:)/:@!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!7/B#&/!
*2@'0(!*)/!B'02A!/F23>!M6!*)/%!6*208.!*)/!:5&&/0*!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!)'()A%!6$/:'B':!*#!
/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!@0#;A/8(/!208!6@'AA6!&/A2*/8!*#!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!1#;/=/&.!*)/!:#&/!
:#3$/0*/0:'/6!A2:@!/F$A':'*!208!:#3$&/)/06'=/!'0:A56'#0!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A.!6#B*Y6@'AA!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!65:)!26!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!"#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!)2=/!7//0!8/=/A#$/8!B#&!7#*)!
:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!208!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:/!8/=/A#$3/0*!208!:20!7/!56/8!*#!
'0B#&3!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86>!!
!
RPK!'6!2!65&=/%Y726/8.!;#&@$A2:/Y726/8!266/663/0*!3/*)#8!*)2*!)26!/3/&(/8!'0!*)/!A'*/&2*5&/!
26!2!=2A527A/.!&/A'27A/.!=2A'8.!208!B/26'7A/!2$$&#2:)!B#&!266/66'0(!$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/.!
6$/:'B':!7/)2='#&6.!208!2**'*58/6!'0!2!;#&@!6/**'0(!\D#00#0!/*!2A>.!+,T-d!I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Ted!
E2R20*'2!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!E#:@%/&.!+,TZd!P*/=/06!/*!2A>.!+,Tgd!Q##8!/*!2A>.!+,,a]>!RPK!)26!7//0!
$2&*':5A2&A%!6)#;0!*#!7/!/BB/:*'=/!B#&!266/66'0(!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6!&/A2*/8!*#!:A'0':2A!
:#3$/*/0:/!\MA!H)2A'B2!/*!2A>.!+,TZ]>!R5A*'Y6#5&:/!B//872:@!/=2A52*'#0!*##A6!:#AA/:*!B//872:@!#0!
2!*&2'0//!B&#3!35A*'$A/!266/66#&6!#0!35A*'$A/!#::26'#06!208!:20!*)56!50:#=/&!7A'08!6$#*6!'0!2!
*&2'0//_6!6@'AA6/*>!W0A'@/!:#33#0A%!56/8!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!3/*)#86!*)2*!&/85:/!2!*&2'0//!*#!
6'0(A/Y'06*20:/6!#B!/=2A52*'#0!7%!6'0(A/!266/66#&6.!RPK!#=/&:#3/6!&/85:*'#0'6*':!2$$&#2:)/6!
208!)#A'6*':2AA%!:2$*5&/6!*)/!:#3$/*/0:/!#B!2!*&2'0//>!4)/!RPK!3/*)#8!#B!/=2A52*'#0!)26!7//0!
65((/6*/8!26!2!65$/&'#&!*##A!B#&!8/*/&3'0'0(!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/>!RPK!)26!7//0!56/8!
/F*/06'=/A%!'0!'0856*&%!208!*)/!)/2A*)!6/:*#&!26!2!&/65A*!#B!*)/!6*&#0(!/='8/0:/!65$$#&*'0(!'*6!
65$/&'#&'*%!'0!=2A'8'*%.!&/A'27'A'*%.!208!B/26'7'A'*%>!D/6$'*/!*)/!RPK_6!;'8/!56/!208!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!
7/0/B'*6!*)2*!'*!:2&&'/6!B#&!8'/*/*':6.!'*!)26!0#*!7//0!*/6*/8!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0>!!
!
4)/&/!'6!2!:A/2&!0//8!*#!8/=/A#$!2!6*2082&8'J/8.!/='8/0:/Y726/8!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*)2*!
3'0'3'J/6!7'26!208!$&#='8/6!2!:#3$&/)/06'=/!='/;!#B!8'/*/*':!*&2'0//6_!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!
6@'AA6!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!$&'#&!*#!/0*/&'0(!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!N5&!6*58%!2'36!*#!8/=/A#$!208!
$'A#*!*/6*!2!$&#*#*%$/!#B!2!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!hZa,o!R5A*'6#5&6/YK//872:@!D'/*/*':!
M66/663/0*!4##Ai!*)2*!288&/66/6!:5&&/0*!(2$6>!!
!
+'1*XV!4#!8/=/A#$!20!RPK!Za,o!*##A!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!2!:#3$&/)/06'=/!A'6*!#B!0#0Y
*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!'0:A58'0(!:#AA27#&2*'#0Y&/28'0/66!^!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!
U&/Y/F'6*'0(!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!/F$208/8!*#!&/BA/:*!:#AA27#&2*'#0!
&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!208!:2&//&!&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!726/8!#0!82*2!B&#3!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6!208!B&#3!&2*'0(6!#B!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!(2*)/&/8!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!
$/&6#00/A!;)#!;#&@!;'*)!SD6!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!
o S/6/2&:)!`5/6*'#0V!Q)2*!3/265&27A/!208!#76/&=27A/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!
)/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A!=2A5/!'0!05*&'*'#0!208!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#02A6!$&2:*':'0(!
23#0(!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6j!*
+'1*UV!4#!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!56'0(!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!e!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!5$#0!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!#0/!:A'0':2A!05*&'*'#0!'0*/&06)'$!&#*2*'#0>!!!
C0*/&='/;6!;/&/!:#085:*/8!;'*)!$2&*':'$20*6!*#!8/*/&3'0/V!T]!$2&*':'$20*6_!62*'6B2:*'#0!
;'*)!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A.!+]!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!*)/!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!T+!
:#3$A/*/8!266/663/0*6!B&#3!`52A'B%'0(!$/&6#00/A!;)#!;#&@!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!*)/!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!!
S/B562A!&2*/!208!=#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/6!;/&/!*&2:@/8!7%!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!*#!
8/*/&3'0/!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A>!
o S/B562A!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!!
o X#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!
* *
UP*5?+&,"4*UO*$',"4+,24"*4"#'"W**
*
UPXP*+CC;CCB;>A*DI*G=;A;A=K*=>A;<>C*=C*>DA*CA@>G@<G=T;G*@>G*>DA*L@J=G@A;G*ID<*;L@JE@A=>N*
KDJJ@FD<@A=L;3<;@G=>;CC*@>G*K@<;;<*<;@G=>;CC*=>*G=;A;A=K*H<@KA=A=D>;<C**
M66/663/0*!6/&=/6!26!2!(2*/@//$/&!*#!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0!208!'6!2!8&'=/&!#B!$&#B/66'#02A!!
:#3$/*/0:/!\E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!Q#&32A8!/*!2A>.!+,,e]>!C0)/&/0*!7'26!'6!:5&&/0*A%!$&/6/0*!'0!
266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!:#3$/*/0:/!2**2'03/0*!26!:2&//&Y&/28%!8'/*/*':!
$&#B/66'#02A6!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!4)'6!7'26!)'08/&6!*)/!$&#(&/66!#B!3//*'0(!*)/!0//86!#B!*)/!
B5*5&/!#B!*)/!$&#B/66'#0!208!8#/6!0#*!65$$#&*!*)/!$&#B/66'#0Y;'8/!'0'*'2*'=/6!208!$&'#&'*'/6!6/*!
7%!4)/!M:28/3%>!M*!*)/!B#&/B&#0*!#B!*)/!M:28/3%_6!(#2A6!\='6'#0.!3'66'#0.!$&'0:'$A/6.!208!B#:56!
2&/26]!B#&!*)/!B5*5&/!#B!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0!2&/V!T]!8/=/A#$'0(!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!8'/*/*':!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6d!208!+]!'0:&/26'0(!8'=/&6'*%!23#0(!8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!\M:28/3%!#B!O5&'*'#0!208!
D'/*/*':6.!+,+Td!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6.!+,++]>!"5&&/0*!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!8#!0#*!2$$/2&!*#!7/!'0!
A'0/!;'*)!*)/6/!(#2A6>!!
!
UPXPXP*+CC;CCB;>A*=C*@*G<=L;<*DI*J;@<>=>N*@>G*KDBH;A;>K;*G;L;JDHB;>A*!
M!6*&#0(!&/A2*'#06)'$!/F'6*6!7/*;//0!266/663/0*!208!:#3$/*/0:/!8/=/A#$3/0*!\Q#&32A8!/*!
2A>.!+,,e]>!M66/663/0*!$A2%6!20!'0*/(&2A!&#A/!'0!8/B'0'0(!208!6)2$'0(!/85:2*'#0!`52A'*%.!'0B#&36!
/85:2*'#02A!$&#(&236!#0!*)/'&!*&2'0//6_!$&#(&/66'#0!*#;2&8!:#3$/*/0:/.!$&#='8/6!B//872:@!B#&!
A/2&0/&6!6//@'0(!:#3$/*/0:/!'0!2!6@'AA!#&!B'/A8.!8/*/&3'0/6!*)/!2**2'03/0*!#B!:#3$/*/0:/.!
'3$&#=/6!*)/!`52A'*%!#B!(&2852*'0(!*&2'0//6.!208!=2A'82*/6!*)/!2;2&8!#B!`52A'B':2*'#06!'0!
/85:2*'#02A!$&#(&236!\KA/*:)/&!/*!2A>.!+,T+d!Q##8!/*!2A>.!+,,a]>!M!:#06/0656!6*2*/3/0*!B&#3!
*)/!N**2;2!+,T,!"#0B/&/0:/!6*2*/6!2!(##8!266/663/0*!*##A!'6!0#*!#0A%!56/8!B#&!3/265&/3/0*!
75*!2A6#!B#&!B#&32*'=/!A/2&0'0(!208!6@'AA!8/=/A#$3/0*!\O#&:'0'!/*!2A>.!+,TT]>!M66/663/0*!)26!
7//0!;/AA!/6*27A'6)/8!'0!*)/!A'*/&2*5&/!26!2!6*&#0(!8&'=/&!#B!A/2&0'0(!'0!288'*'#0!*#!*)/!#*)/&!
=2A527A/!&#A/6!'*!6/&=/6!\D#&%!/*!2A>.!+,+Zd!E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!O#&:'0'!/*!2A>.!+,TTd!P:)5;'&*)!^!
X20!8/&!XA/5*/0.!+,TTd!=20!8/&!XA/5*/0!^!P:)5;'&*).!+,,[d!Q2*A'0(!^!<'0675&(.!+,Ted!Q#&32A8!
/*!2A>.!+,,e]>!S/6/2&:)/&6!)2=/!)%$#*)/6'J/8!l:#06/`5/0*'2A!=2A'8'*%_!'6!$2&*A%!&/6$#06'7A/!B#&!
*)'6!&/A2*'#06)'$>!"#06/`5/0*'2A!=2A'8'*%!&/65A*6!B&#3!'3$2:*!&/A2*/8!*#!50'0*/08/8!6#:'2A!
:#06/`5/0:/6!#B!266/663/0*6>!"&'*':2A!8/:'6'#06!)2=/!7//0!$A2:/8!#0!(&28/6!208!&/$#&*6!26!
#5*:#3/6!#B!266/663/0*6.!65:)!26!6:)##A!2::#50*27'A'*%.!B508'0(.!3/&'*!$2%!B#&!*/2:)/&6!208!
$&#B/66#&6.!6*58/0*6_!(&2852*'#0.!208!283'66'#0!*#!$&/6*'('#56!50'=/&6'*'/6!\M8/6#$/!/*!2A>.!
+,Tb]>!M88'*'#02AA%.!266/663/0*!/3$)26'J/6!B#:56!2&/26!B#&!A/2&0/&6.!*/2:)/&6.!208!/=2A52*#&6>!
4)/!:#37'0/8!B2:*#&6!'0:&/26/!*)/!3#*'=2*'#0!B#&!6*58/0*6!*#!6*58%!2!6$/:'B':!*#$':!#&!*#!2$$A%!
)'()/&!2**/0*'#0!*#!6$/:'B':!*#$':!2&/26!*)56!'3$2:*'0(!$/&*'0/0*!A/2&0'0(!\922&*320!/*!2A>.!+,,ad!
X20!8/&!XA/5*/0!/*!2A>.!+,T,d!X20!D/&!XA/5*/0.!Teea]>!E/2&0/&6!6*58%!3#&/!*)#5()*B5AA%!
8/$/08'0(!#0!*)/!B#&32*.!:#0*/0*.!208!*%$/!#B!266/66/3/0*!*)2*!'6!20*':'$2*/8!\U&/6*#0!/*!2A>.!
+,+,]>!D5/!*#!*)'6!/BB/:*.!*/2:)/&6!208!$&#(&23!3/265&/&6!*2&(/*!A/2&0'0(!#7G/:*'=/6!*)&#5()!
266/663/0*!@0#;'0(!*)2*!*)/!*#$':6!'0:A58/8!;'AA!:2$*5&/!*)/!A/2&0/&6_!B#:56!208!'0BA5/0:/!
#5*:#3/6!\X20!D/&!XA/5*/0.!Teea]>!N$*'3'J'0(!*)/!7/0/B'*6!#B!266/663/0*!208!:&/2*'0(!
266/663/0*!;'*)!2!B#&32*'=/!6*&5:*5&/!:20!'3$&#=/!*)/!:#3$/*/0:/!#B!(&2852*'0(!A/2&0/&6!208!
*&2'0//6>!!
!
1'()Y6*2@/6.!:#3$A/F!&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6!)'0(/!#0!=2A'8!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6>!U##&A%!$/&B#&3/8!
266/663/0*6!*)&/2*/0!*)/!=2A'8'*%!#B!*)/!`52A'B':2*'#06!#B!(&2852*'0(!*&2'0//6.!$#*/0*'2AA%!
A/28'0(!*#!:#3$&#3'6'0(!$2*'/0*!:2&/!208!$2*'/0*!#5*:#3/6!26!2!&/65A*!#B!A':/06'0(!*&2'0//6!
;)#!2&/!'065BB':'/0*A%!$&/$2&/8!B#&!:#3$/*/0*!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*':/>!U##&!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!
:20!2A6#!2BB/:*!*&2'0//6!0/(2*'=/A%!7%!'0:#&&/:*A%!'8/0*'B%'0(!6*&/0(*)6!208!;/2@0/66/6!#B!
*&2'0//6!208!A'3'*'0(!*)/'&!27'A'*%!*#!'8/0*'B%!A/2&0'0(!(2$6!B#&!*)/!$5&$#6/!#B!'3$&#=/3/0*!
\1#A37#/!^!E#76*.!+,+,]>!M!"#06/0656!K&23/;#&@!B#&!<##8!M66/663/0*!)26!7//0!8/=/A#$/8!
7%!O#&:'0'!208!:#AA/2(5/6!\+,Tg]!*#!)/A$!/85:2*#&6!G58(/!*)/!`52A'*%!#B!266/663/0*6>!4)/!
:&'*/&'2!'0!*)/!B&23/;#&@!2&/!A'6*/8!;'*)!*)/'&!8/6:&'$*'#0!26!B#AA#;6V!
1. Validity or Coherence: The results of an assessment are appropriate for a particular
purpose as demonstrated by a coherent body of evidence.
2. Reproducibility, Reliability, or Consistency: The results of the assessment would be the
same if repeated under similar circumstances.
3. Equivalence: The same assessment yields equivalent scores or decisions when
administered across different institutions or cycles of testing.
4. Feasibility: The assessment is practical, realistic, and sensible, given the circumstances
and context.
5. Educational Effect: The assessment motivates those who take it to prepare in a fashion
that has educational benefit.
6. Catalytic effect: The assessment provides results and feedback in a fashion that
motivates all stakeholders to create, enhance, and support education; it drives future
learning forward and improves overall program quality.
7. Acceptability: Stakeholders find the assessment process and results to be credible.
MA#0(!;'*)!*)/!B&23/;#&@.!*)/!25*)#&6!&/$#&*/8!*)/!=2&%'0(!&/A2*'#06)'$!7/*;//0!*)/!;/'()*!#B!
8'BB/&/0*!/A/3/0*6!#B!*)/!B&23/;#&@!'0!3//*'0(!*)/!0//86!#B!8'BB/&/0*!6*2@/)#A8/&6>!4)/!
25*)#&6!8'6:566!B#&!)/2A*):2&/!6%6*/36.!$2*'/0*6.!208!&/(5A2*#&6!*)/!3#6*!$&/66'0(!0//8!'6!*#!
8/*/&3'0/!*)/!:#3$/*/0:/!#B!$&#='8/&6!208!;)/*)/&!'*!'6!62B/!B#&!*)/3!*#!/0*/&!208!&/32'0!'0!
*)/!;#&@B#&:/>!4#!3//*!*)'6!0//8.!:#&&/:*!8/:'6'#06!&/(2&8'0(!:#3$/*/0:/!/=2A52*'#0!6)#5A8!
7/!328/!726/8!#0!266/663/0*>!4)/!)'()/6*!;/'()*!B#&!*)2*!$5&$#6/!;26!$A2:/8!#0!*)/!m=2A'8'*%Y
:#)/&/0:/_!:&'*/&'2>!K/26'7'A'*%!;26!2A6#!&/$#&*/8!208!)'()A'()*/8!*#!7/!'3$#&*20*!85/!*#!*)/!
:#6*!75&8/0!#0!*)/!)/2A*):2&/!6%6*/36!208!#0!*)/!&/(5A2*#&6>!!
!
L='8/0:/!#B!=2A'8'*%!'6!/66/0*'2A!B#&!3/20'0(B5A!266/663/0*!\H0/@*2!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!C0!#&8/&!B#&!20!
266/663/0*!*#!3//*!*)/!)'()Y6*2@/6!#7G/:*'=/6!*)2*!'6!'0*/08/8!B#&!208!*#!$&#='8/!*)/!7/0/B'*6!
*)2*!'*!)26!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!B#&.!*)/!266/663/0*!356*!7/!=2A'8>!X2A'8'*%!:200#*!7/!26653/8.!'*!356*!
7/!*/6*/8!208!/='8/0:/8>!M!=2A'8!266/663/0*!2::5&2*/A%!3/265&/6!*)/!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!#B!A/2&0/&6!
*)2*!2&/!2**&'75*27A/!*#!*)/!:#06*&5:*!'0*/08/8!B#&!/=2A52*'#0>!4)/!266/663/0*!356*!
:#3$&/)/06'=/A%!&/$&/6/0*!2AA!*)/!:#3$#0/0*6!#B!*)2*!:#06*&5:*>!M!=2A'8!266/663/0*!356*!2A6#!
)2=/!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!2::5&2*/A%!3/265&/!*)/!2**2'03/0*!#B!*)/!*2&(/*/8!A/2&0'0(!#5*:#3/6!208!
'0*/08/8!'0*/&$&/*2*'#06!#B!20!/85:2*'#02A!$&#(&23!\1#A37#/!^!E#76*.!+,+,]>!M0!266/663/0*!
*)2*!)26!0#*!7//0!/='8/0:/8!B#&!=2A'8'*%!;'AA!B2'A!*#!:#0B'&3!*)2*!'*!'6!3#&/!*)20!2!:#3$A/F.!*'3/Y
:#0653'0(!/F/&:'6/!*)2*!:200#*!'0B#&3!27#5*!*2&(/*/8!A/2&0'0(!#5*:#3/6>!!
!
P/=/&2A!B#&36!#B!266/663/0*!)2=/!7//0!8/=/A#$/8!#=/&!*)/!%/2&6!;'*)!*)/!B#&3!#B!/2:)!
266/663/0*!)2='0(!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!*#!2:)'/=/!=2&'#56!A/=/A6!#B!=2A'8'*%!\E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!
</#&(/!R'AA/&!&/$#&*6!:#3$/*/0:/!:20!208!6)#5A8!7/!/=2A52*/8!726/8!#0!=2&'#56!A/=/A6!#B!
A/2&0'0(!$&#B':'/0:%>!R'AA/&!8/=/A#$/8!2!6'3$A/.!B#5&YA2%/&/8!B&23/;#&@!@0#;0!26!h4)/!R'AA/&!
U%&23'8i!\R'AA/&.!Tee,]>!C0!)'6!$%&23'8.!)/!$&/6/0*/8!*)/!B#5&!A/=/A6!#B!A/2&0'0(!26!h@0#;6i.!
h@0#;6!)#;i.!h6)#;6!)#;i.!208!h8#/6i>!M66/663/0*!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!2*!/2:)!A/=/A!#B!
$&#B':'/0:%!&/`5'&/6!2!8'BB/&/0*!3/*)#8!#B!/=2A5*'#0!*)2*!'6!&##*/8!'0!3'0'3'J'0(!*)&/2*6!*#!
=2A'8'*%>!4)/!(#2A6!#B!266/663/0*!356*!7/!'0!A'0/!;'*)!*)/!6/A/:*/8!3/*)#8!#B!266/663/0*!'0!
#&8/&!*#!(/0/&2*/!=2A'8.!3/20'0(B5A!508/&6*208'0(!#B!*&2'0//6_!:#3$/*/0:/>!CB!*)/!266/663/0*_6!
(#2A!'6!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/!A/=/A!#B!@0#;A/8(/!#B!*&2'0//6.!*)/0!;&'**/0!208!#&2A!*/6*6!;'*)!B2:*!&/:2AA!
;#5A8!7/!2$$&#$&'2*/>!CB!*)/!(#2A!#B!*)/!266/663/0*!'6!*#!/=2A52*/!'B!2!*&2'0//!h@0#;6!)#;i.!
*)/0!*)/!*&2'0//_6!27'A'*%!*#!'0*/&$&/*!208!2$$A%!@0#;A/8(/!6)#5A8!7/!*/6*/8!*)&#5()!3/*)#86!
65:)!26!:26/!$&/6/0*2*'#06!208!/662%6>!CB!20!266/663/0*_6!(#2A!'6!*#!*/6*!2!*&2'0//6_6!27'A'*%!*#!
h6)#;i.!*)/0!6'35A2*'#06!208!N76/&=/8!P*&5:*&/8!"A'0':2A!LF23'02*'#06!\NP"L]!;#5A8!B'*!7/6*>!
1#;/=/&.!'B!*)/!(#2A!#B!*)/!266/663/0*!'6!*#!*/6*!*)/!)'()/6*!A/=/A!#B!$&#B':'/0:%.!h8#/6i.!*)/0!
3#&/!=2A'8!A/=/A6!#B!266/663/0*6!6)#5A8!7/!56/8!65:)!26!#76/&=2*'#0!#B!2!*&2'0//_6!;#&@!#0!*)/!
G#7>!C0!65:)!2!;2%.!R'AA/&!8/3#06*&2*/8!*#!3/8':2A!/85:2*#&6!*)2*!)'()/&.!3#&/!=2A'8!A/=/A6!#B!
266/663/0*6!6)#5A8!7/!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!3/8':2A!*&2'0//6!#0!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!27'A'*%>!"A'0':2A!27'A'*%!
&/BA/:*6!*)/!)'()/6*!A/=/A!#B!$&#B':'/0:%.!h8#/6i.!2*!*)/!*#$!#B!*)/!$%&23'8>!1/2A*):2&/!*&2'0//6!
;#&@'0(!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6!356*!7/!/=2A52*/8!56'0(!=2A'82*/8!*##A6!*)2*!)2=/!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!*#!
3/265&/!*)/'&!27'A'*%!*#!l8#_!*)/!;#&@!:#3$/*/0*A%!\E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!4)'6!&/`5'&/6!;#&@Y
$A2:/!726/8!266/663/0*6!*)2*!'0=#A=/!#76/&=2*'#0!208!/=2A52*'#0!#B!:#3$/*/0:/>!9/:256/!2AA!
3/*)#86!#B!266/663/0*!:2&&%!'0)/&/0*!A'3'*2*'#06.!'*!'6!'3$#&*20*!*#!:#3$/062*/!/=/0!B#&!*)/!
6)#&*:#3'0(6!#B!*)/!3#6*!=2A'8!3/*)#86>!M66/663/0*!#B!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/!*)&#5()!20!
/F$/&*_6!#76/&=2*'#0!#B!2!*&2'0//!:20!#=/&:#3/!320%!*)&/2*6!*#!=2A'8'*%!75*!:20!2A6#!'0*&#85:/!
&2*/&!7'26/6.!)2A#!/BB/:*6.!208!A/0'/0:%>!N0/!;2%!*#!3'0'3'J/!*)/!=2&'20:/!&/65A*'0(!B&#3!
266/66#&!G58(3/0*!'6!*#!56/!35A*'$A/!266/66#&6!'0!;#&@Y$A2:/!726/8!266/663/0*6>!R5A*'$A/!&2*/&6!
:20!$&#='8/!=2&'#56!508/&6*208'0(6!#B!2!*&2'0//_6!6*&/0(*)6!208!;/2@0/66!726/8!#0!2!8'BB/&/0*!
20(A/6!#B!/=2A52*'#0>!Q)'A/!=2&'27'A'*%!'0!266/663/0*!#5*:#3/6!7/*;//0!&2*/&6!32%!6//3!*#!7/!
2!6#5&:/!#B!/&&#&.!6#3/!#B!*)/!=2&'27'A'*%!&/BA/:*6!*)/!20(A/!B&#3!;)':)!*)/!&2*/&!'6!='/;'0(!*)/!
*&2'0//>!4)/!65332*'=/!=2A5/!#B!35A*'$A/!20(A/6!:20!$2'0*!2!B5AA!$':*5&/!#B!2!*&2'0//_6!*&5/!A/=/A!
#B!:#3$/*/0:/>!P576/`5/0*A%.!*)&/2*6!*#!=2A'8'*%!2&/!&/85:/8!208!'0*/&$&/*2*'#06!#B!
266/663/0*6!7/:#3/!3#&/!=2A527A/>!!
!
UPXPUP*!=;A;A=K*@CC;CCB;>A*B;A:DGDJDN9*=C*>DA*CA@>G@<G=T;G*D<*;L=G;>K;3F@C;G*@>G*:@C*J=AAJ;*
;L=G;>K;*DI*L@J=G=A9!
M"LOD.!20!25*#0#3#56!2(/0:%!208!2::&/8'*'0(!7#8%!#B!4)/!M:28/3%.!6/*6!(5'8/A'0/6!208!
6*2082&86!*)2*!(5'8/!*)/!/85:2*'#0.!*&2'0'0(.!208!266/663/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!6*58/0*6!208!'0*/&06!'0!
8'/*/*':!/85:2*'#02A!$&#(&236!;'*)'0!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6>!D'82:*':!U&#(&236!'0!D'/*/*':6!\DUD]!2&/!
/85:2*'#02A!$&#(&236!8/6'(0/8!*#!3//*!@0#;A/8(/!&/`5'&/3/0*6!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!D'/*/*':!
C0*/&06)'$!\DC]!$&#(&236!2&/!$#6*Y72::2A25&/2*/!$&#(&236!*)2*!$&#='8/!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!B#&!
6*58/0*6!;)#!65::/66B5AA%!3/*!8'82:*':!$&#(&23!&/`5'&/3/0*6>!W$#0!:#3$A/*'0(!*)/!&/`5'&/8!
65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!)#5&6.!6*58/0*6!7/:#3/!/A'('7A/!*#!*2@'0(!*)/!O2*'#02A!S/('6*/&/8!D'/*/*'20!
LF23'02*'#0!B#&!D'/*'*'206!283'0'6*/&/8!7%!*)/!"#33'66'#0!#0!D'/*/*':!S/('6*&2*'#0>!4)&#5()!
65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!/F$/&'/0:/6.!6*58/0*6!(#!*)&#5()!=2&'#56!&#*2*'#0!6/**'0(6!'0:A58'0(.!75*!
0#*!A'3'*/8!*#.!:#3350'*%!&#*2*'#06.!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#06.!B##86/&=':/!&#*2*'#06.!208!&/6/2&:)!
&#*2*'#06>!P*58/0*6!2&/!/=2A52*/8!726/8!#0!*)/'&!#0Y6'*/!;#&@!208!$/&B#&320:/!'0!6/**'0(6!
&/`5'&'0(!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!P5$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236!2&/!*)/!B'02A!`52A'B%'0(!6*/$!7/B#&/!
*2@'0(!*)/!SD!/F23!208!/2&'0(!*)/!:&/8/0*'2A6!0//8/8!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!C0!320%!:26/6.!2!
"##&8'02*/8!U&#(&23!'0!D'/*/*':6!\"U]!'0:A58/6!7#*)!*)/!@0#;A/8(/!208!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!
:#3$#0/0*6>!M"LOD!6/*6!(5'8/A'0/6!208!6*2082&86!B#&!2AA!*)/!27#=/!$&#(&236!208!'0:A58/6!2!
A'6*!#B!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!356*!7/!56/8!7%!8'/*/*':!$&#(&236!26!*)/!726'6!#B!*)/'&!
:5&&':5A53_6!A/2&0'0(!#7G/:*'=/6!208!#5*:#3/6!\M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!L85:2*'#0!'0!O5*&'*'#0!
208!D'/*/*':6.!+,+T]>!4)/!:#&/!@0#;A/8(/!&/`5'&/3/0*6!B#&!DUD!$&#(&236!\HSDO6]!2&/!8'BB/&/0*!
*)20!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B#&!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!\"SDO6]>!O5*&'*'#0!208!8'/*/*':!$&#(&236!356*!
:#3$A%!;'*)!*)/!M"LOD!2::&/8'*2*'#0!6*2082&86!'0!#&8/&!*#!/2&0!:#0*'05/8!2::&/8'*2*'#0!
\M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!L85:2*'#0!'0!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6.!+,+T]>!
!
Q)'A/!#=/&2&:)'0(!6*2082&86!)2=/!7//0!6/*!7%!M"LOD!&/(2&8'0(!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!#5*:#3/!
#7G/:*'=/6.!*)/!3/*)#8#A#(%!#B!266/663/0*!'6!0#*!6$/:'B'/8!7%!M"LOD!208!'6!0#*!6*2082&8'J/8!
B#&!8'/*/*':!$&#(&236>!4)/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!$&#='8/8!7%!M"LOD!6/&=/6!26!A/2&0'0(!#7G/:*'=/6!
75*!8#!0#*!'0:A58/!(5'820:/!#0!)#;!*#!*&2'0.!:2A'7/&2*/.!266/66.!#&!8/*/&3'0/!'B!*)/!#7G/:*'=/6!
2&/!3/*>!C08'='852A!8'/*/*':!$&#(&236!)2=/!*)/!BA/F'7'A'*%!#B!/6*27A'6)'0(!*)/'&!#;0!3/*)#8!B#&!
8/*/&3'0'0(!)#;!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;'AA!7/!2**2'0/8.!3/265&/8.!208!266/66/8>!E2:@!#B!
6*2082&8'J2*'#0!2:&#66!$&#(&236!2AA#;6!&##3!B#&!=2&'#56!B#&36!#B!7'26!208!&/85:/6!:#0B'8/0:/!
'0!:#06'6*/0*!$/&B#&320:/!#5*:#3/6!#B!*&2'0//6!2:&#66!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236>!C0!2!&/:/0*!
6%6*/32*':!&/='/;.!*)/!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!B#&!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;/&/!6*58'/8!7%!I23'/6#0!/*!2A>!
\+,Te]>!4)/!25*)#&6!B#508!*)/&/!'6!2!A2:@!#B!:#06'6*/0:%!'0!266/663/0*!$&#:/85&/6!2:&#66!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!\I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!P/=/&2A!3/*)#86!208!*%$/6!#B!266/663/0*6!
B#&!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/!;/&/!56/8!2:&#66!$&#(&236!65:)!26!*/6*6.!$/&B#&320:/!/=2A52*'#0.!208!
NP"L6>!MA*)#5()!*)/!32G#&'*%!#B!266/663/0*6!'0!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6!/3$A#%/8!*)/!56/!#B!
$/&B#&320:/!/=2A52*'#0.!*)/!266/663/0*!$5&$#6/.!8/6:&'$*'#0.!6$/:'B':!:#0*/0*.!0537/&!#B!
/=2A52*#&6.!208!/=2A52*#&!=2A'8'*%!\'>/>!*&2'0'0(!208!/F$/&'/0:/]!=2&'/8!2:&#66!$&#(&236>!4)/!
3/*)#86!#B!266/663/0*6!56/8!;/&/!B5&*)/&!/=2A52*/8!7%!*)/!25*)#&6!208!;/&/!B#508!*#!
&/$&/6/0*!8'BB/&/0*!A/=/A6!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!726/8!#0!R'AA/&_6!U%&23'8!#B!/85:2*'#02A!#5*:#3/6>!
P#3/!3/*)#86!8/3#06*&2*/8!A#;/&!A/=/A6!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!2**2'03/0*!\h@0#;6i].!208!#*)/&6!
&/$&/6/0*/8!)'()/&!A/=/A6!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!2**2'03/0*!\h8#/6i]>!4)/!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!2A6#!
'8/0*'B'/8!6/=/&2A!(2$6!'0!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6V!T]!266/663/0*!#5*:#3/6!=2&'/8!726/8!
#0!*)/!'08'='852A!27'A'*'/6!208!2**&'75*/6!#B!*)/!266/66#&6.!*)/&/7%!'0*&#85:'0(!266/66#&!7'26d!+]!
266/663/0*!'06*&53/0*6!8'8!0#*!'0:A58/!0/:/662&%!:&'*/&'2!*)2*!&/BA/:*!2::5&2*/!*&2'0//!27'A'*%d!
Z]!266/663/0*!'06*&53/0*6!;/&/!0#*!2A;2%6!B'*!B#&!$5&$#6/d!-]!*&2'0//!$/&B#&320:/!;26!
B&2(3/0*/8!&2*)/&!*)20!)#A'6*':2AA%!:2$*5&/8d![]!0#*!2AA!$&#(&236!56/8!=2A'82*/8!3/*)#86!#B!
266/663/0*!\I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!C0!288'*'#0!*#!=2&'2*'#06!'0!266/663/0*!3/*)#8#A#(%.!#*)/&!
B2:*#&6!:#0*&'75*/!*#!266/663/0*!=2&'27'A'*%!2:&#66!8'/*/*':!$&#(&236!'0!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6!
'0:A58'0(!$&#(&23!6*&5:*5&/!208!8/6'(0.!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!6/**'0(6.!/=2A52*'#0!:&'*/&'2.!208!
B2:5A*%!/F$/&*'6/f*&2'0'0(>!Q'*)!:5&&/0*!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!A2:@'0(!/='8/0:/!#B!=2A'8'*%.!*)/&/!
'6!2!:A/2&!0//8!B#&!2!6*2082&8'J/8.!/='8/0:/Y726/8!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!3/*)#8!*)2*!)26!*)/!
$#*/0*'2A!*#!$&#85:/!3#&/!$&/8':*27A/!208!:#06'6*/0*!:#3$/*/0:/!A/=/A6!'0!8'/*/*':!
$&#B/66'#02A6!;)#!2&/!/0*/&'0(!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!!
!
UPXP.P*,:;*EC;*DI*C=>NJ;3@CC;CCD<*57+*;L@JE@A=D>*B;A:DG*H<;C;>AC*C9CA;B=K*F=@C**
D5&'0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$6.!6'0(A/!266/66#&6!@0#;0!26!$&/:/$*#&6!56/!:#3$/*/0:/Y726/8!
266/663/0*6!\"9M]!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06.!$#*/0*'2AA%!&/65A*'0(!'0!&2*/&!7'26>!4)/!56/!#B!
6'0(A/Y266/66#&6!'0!)/2A*):2&/!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/!/=2A52*'#0!'6!#5*82*/8!208!8#/6!0#*!&/BA/:*!
7/6*!$&2:*':/6!#B!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!266/663/0*.!6$/:'B':2AA%!B#&!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!
$#$5A2*'#06>!
!
UPXP.PXP*5DBH;A;>K9*7@C;G*+CC;CCB;>A*=>*!=;A;A=KC*
"#3$/*/0:%Y726/8!/85:2*'#0!\"9L]!'6!8/B'0/8!26!20!#5*:#3/6Y726/8!/85:2*'#02A!2$$&#2:)!*)2*!
56/6!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!266/66!A/2&0'0(!#5*:#3/6!\E//!+,++d!K&20@!+,T,]>!"9L!B#:56/6!#0!6$/:'B':.!
*/2:)27A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!3/265&27A/!$/&B#&320:/!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!#B!*&2'0//6>!"9L!)26!7//0!
28#$*/8!'0!*)/!3/8':2A!B'/A8!\@0#;0!26!"#3$/*/0:/!926/8!R/8':2A!L85:2*'#0.!"9RL]!85/!*#!'*6!
27'A'*%!*#!/=2A52*/!/85:2*'#02A!2**2'03/0*!#B!*&2'0//6!&2*)/&!*)20!$&#(&23!:#3$A/*'#0!\E//!
+,++]>!"9L!B#:56/6!#0!6$/:'B':!#5*:#3/6!\@0#;0!26!:#3$/*/0:'/6]!&/A2*/8!*#!*&2'0//!
:#3$/*/0:/!A/=/A.!0#*!$&#(&23!6*/$6!208!3'A/6*#0/6!\E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!4/0!"2*/.!+,Tb]>!4)'6!
$#6'*'#0/8!"9L!26!2!6*&#0(/&!/=2A52*'#0!3/*)#8!*)20!$&/='#56!266/663/0*!3/*)#86!;)':)!
:#0*&'75*/8!*#!'*6!;'8/!28#$*'#0>!U&'#&!*#!'*6!28#$*'#0.!/=2A52*'#0!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!#B!3/8':2A!
208!)/2A*):2&/!*&2'0//6!)/2='A%!&/A'/8!#0!$&#F'/6!#B!*&2'0'0(!*'3/.!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!2!$&/Y
8/*/&3'0/8!23#50*!#B!&#*2*'#06.!=2&'27'A'*%!'0!/F$#65&/.!h8;/AA!*'3/i!208!)'()Y6*2@/6!
/F23'02*'#06!\1#A37#/.!+,+Td!4/0!"2*/.!+,Tb]>!4)/!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#0!)26!A##6/A%!28#$*/8!
:#3$/*/0:/Y726/8!/85:2*'#0!B#AA#;'0(!"9L_6!$&/=2A/0:/!'0!)/2A*):2&/!208!3/8':2A!
$&#B/66'#06>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$6!56/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/*/&06_!:#3$/*/0:/!
2**2'03/0*.!%/*!*)/!$&#(&236!2&/!2A6#!*'3/Y726/8.!&/`5'&'0(!T,,,!)#5&6!#B!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!
;'*)!2!3'0'353!#B!b,,!)#5&6!'0!$&#B/66'#02A!;#&@!6/**'0(6>!MA*)#5()!*)/!0537/&!#B!266/66#&6!
'6!0#*!6*2082&8'J/8!7%!M"LOD.!3#6*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!56/!6'0(A/Y266/66#&6!\I23'/6#0!
/*!2A>.!+,Te].!@0#;0!26!$&/:/$*#&6.!*#!3/265&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!
!
UPXP.PUP*-=>NJ;3@CC;CCD<*&<@KA=K;C*DI*57+*
4)/!56/!#B!6'0(A/!266/66#&6!\@0#;0!26!$&/:/$*#&6]!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!'6!0#*!
6*2082&8'J/8!7%!M"LODd!)#;/=/&!'*!'6!3#6*!:#33#0A%!56/8!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!
2:&#66!*)/!WP!\I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!Q)'A/!*)/!56/!#B!6'0(A/!266/663/0*!"9M!'06*&53/0*6!*#!
/=2A52*/!*&2'0//6!56'0(!*':@Y7#F/6!208!&2*'0(6!#B!/26'A%!3/265&27A/.!6*2082&8'J/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
'6!/BB':'/0*.!/26%!*#!'3$A/3/0*.!208!8&'=/6!)'()/&!/85:2*'#02A!#5*:#3/6!*)20!$&'#&!)'6*#&':2A!
*'3/Y726/8!3/*)#86!#B!266/663/0*.!6'0(A/!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!)'()A%!&/A%!#0!*)/!657G/:*'='*%!
#B!6'0(A/!&2*/&6>!"A'0':2A!&#*2*'#06!208!&/6'8/0:%!$&#(&236!6//@!*#!$A2:/!*&2'0//6!'0!/=/&%82%!
;#&@Y&/A2*/8!2:*'='*'/6!B#&!/85:2*'#02A!208!266/663/0*!$5&$#6/6!\@0#;0!26!;#&@$A2:/Y726/8!
266/663/0*]>!<'=/0!*)/!02*5&/!#B!*)/!6/**'0(6.!*&2'0//6_!$/&B#&320:/!'6!266/66/8!56'0(!8'&/:*!
#76/&=2*'#0!7%!*&2'0/&6.!3/0*#&6.!$&/:/$*#&6.!#&!#*)/&!65$/&='6#&%!$/&6#00/A>!4)'6!$A2:/6!)'()!
&/A'20:/!#0!*)/!266/66#&_6!G58(3/0*!#B!*&2'0//!$/&B#&320:/>!C0!#*)/&!;#&86.!)5320!G58(3/0*!'6!
&/`5'&/8!*#!'0*/&$&/*!$/&B#&320:/!'0*#!&2*'0(6!208!B//872:@>!15320!G58(3/0*!:20!7/!BA2;/8!
208!656:/$*'7A/!*#!7'26!\E//!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!C0!2!&/='/;!7%!Q'AA'236!/*!2A!\+,,Z].!*)/!25*)#&6!
8'66/:*/8!*)/!:#0*&'75*'#0!#B!=2&'27'A'*%!'0!&2*/&!$/&:/$*'#0!*#!*)/!*)&/2*!'0!=2A'8'*%!208!
&/A'27'A'*%!#B!*&2'0//!/=2A52*'#0>!4)/!25*)#&6!&/$#&*/8!#0!6/=/&2A!6*58'/6!*)2*!'0=#A=/8!*)/!
/=2A52*'#0!#B!*)/!623/!:A'0':2A!$/&B#&320:/!%/*!&/65A*/8!'0!8'BB/&/0:/6!'0!#5*:#3/6!#B!
266/663/0*!7%!*)/!623/!&2*/&!#&!7%!8'BB/&/0*!&2*/&6!\LAA'#*!^!1':@23.!Tegbd!<20J2:).!Tee[d!
1/&7/&6!I&!/*!2A>.!Teged!H2A/*!/*!2A>.!Tee+d!R2&*'0!/*!2A>.!Teead!O#/A!/*!2A>.!Tee+d!X5!/*!2A>.!Tee+d!
Q//@A/%!^!<'/&.!Teged!Q'AA'236!/*!2A>.!+,,Z]>!Q'AA'236!/*!2A>!\+,,Z]!2**&'75*/8!*)'6!8'BB/&/0:/!*#!
=2&'2*'#06!'0!;)2*!&2*/&6!B#:56!#0!85&'0(!*)/'&!#76/&=2*'#0!#B!2!:A'0':2A!$/&B#&320:/.!208!*#!*)/!
8'BB/&/0*!/F$/:*2*'#06!&2*/&6!)2=/!#B!;)2*!:#06*'*5*/6!2!(##8!:A'0':2A!$/&B#&320:/>!S2*/&6!6//!
320%!20(A/6!#B!2!$/&B#&320:/!208!('=/!8'BB/&/0*!;/'()*6!*#!*)/!=2&'#56!20(A/6!\Q'AA'236!/*!2A>.!
+,,Z]>!P576/`5/0*A%.!7'26!208!=2&'2*'#06!'0!266/66#&6_!'0*/&$&/*2*'#0!#B!6$/:'B':!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
*)&/2*/0!*)/!&'(#&!208!#7G/:*'='*%!#B!*&2'0//!266/663/0*>!Q)/0!56'0(!6'0(A/!266/66#&6!*#!
'0*/&$&/*!$/&B#&320:/!65:)!26!*)/!3/*)#86!56/8!'0!/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06.!2!6'0(A/!266/66#&!
'6!0#*!A'@/A%!*#!l6//!'*!2AA_!\92:#0!+,Tb]>!C0!#*)/&!;#&86.!2!*&2'0//_6!#=/&2AA!:#3$/*/0:/!'6!
&/85:/8!*#!6'0(A/!'06*20:/6!#B!/=2A52*'#0!85&'0(!'6#A2*/8!3#3/0*6!#B!*&2'0//!#76/&=2*'#0!*)2*!
32%!0#*!&/BA/:*!*)/!#=/&2AA!$/&B#&320:/!:2$27'A'*'/6!#B!*)/!*&2'0//>!"#3$/*/0:/!'6!2!:#3$A/F!
:#0:/$*!*)2*!:200#*!7/!&/85:/8!*#!6'0(A/!'06*20:/6>!4#!(/*!2!3#&/!)#A'6*':!='/;!#B!2!*&2'0//_6!
#=/&2AA!$&#B/66'#02A!&/28'0/66.!:#3$/*/0:/!'6!7/**/&!/=2A52*/8!B&#3!35A*'$A/!20(A/6!56'0(!
35A*'$A/!266/66#&6_!'0$5*>!S/:/'='0(!35A*'$A/!20(A/6!#0!2!*&2'0//_6!$/&B#&320:/!;'AA!8&2;!2!
3#&/!2::5&2*/!$':*5&/!#B!2:*52A!*&2'0//!:#3$/*/0:/!*)20!'B!#0/!266/66#&!$&#='8/8!*)/!
'0*/&$&/*2*'#0>!M!6*&#0(!7#8%!#B!/='8/0:/!65$$#&*6!*)/!0//8!B#&!35A*'$A/!266/66#&!$&2:*':/6!*#!
8/:&/26/!7'26!208!657G/:*'='*%!B&#3!2!6'0(A/!266/66#&!\D#00#0!/*!2A>.!+,T-d!I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!
+,Ted!N=/&//3!/*!2A>.!+,T+d!Q##8!/*!2A>.!+,,a]>!C0!&/:/0*!%/2&6.!3/8':2A!/85:2*'#0!$&#(&236!
)2=/!3#=/8!2;2%!B&#3!6'0(A/Y266/663/0*!3/265&/6!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!)2=/!28#$*/8!2!
35A*'$A/Y266/66#&!2$$&#2:)!*#!&/85:/!7'26!208!'3$&#=/!&/A'27'A'*%!208!=2A'8'*%!#B!*&2'0//!
266/663/0*>!D/6$'*/!$2&2AA/A!:)2AA/0(/6!6//0!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0.!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!
&/32'0!#5*82*/8!208!:#0*'05/!*#!$&/8#3'020*A%!56/!6'0(A/Y266/66#&6!*#!/=2A52*/!2!6'0(A/!
'06*&53/0*!:#3$#6/8!#B!$&/Y8/*/&3'0/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!!
!
UPXPVP*5DJJ@FD<@A=L;3<;@G=>;CC*@>G*K@<;;<3<;@G=>;CC*KDBH;A;>K=;C*@<;*>DA*<;IJ;KA;G*=>*A:;*
KD<;*KDBH;A;>K=;C*EC;G*ID<*G=;A;A=K*@CC;CCB;>A*
"#AA27#&2*'#0Y&/28'0/66!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!)2=/!7//0!65((/6*/8!*#!7/!'3$#&*20*!6@'AA6!
B#&!:#3$/*/0*!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!?/*.!*)/!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!)2=/!0#*!7//0!
=2A'82*/8!*#!3/265&/!*)/6/!:#06*&5:*6!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!D&2;'0(!B&#3!$&/Y/6*27A'6)/8.!
/='8/0:/Y726/8!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!#0!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#5A8!
'0B#&3!*)/!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86>!!!
!
UPXPVPXP*5DJJ@FD<@A=L;34;@G=>;CC*
4)/!Q#&A8!1/2A*)!N&(20'J2*'#0!\Q1N].!*)/!O2*'#02A!M:28/3%!#B!R/8':'0/!\OMR].!*)/!
M:28/3%_6!"#50:'A!#0!K5*5&/!U&2:*':/.!208!*)/!M:28/3%_6!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6!\1ND]!:2AA/8!B#&!
*)/!0//8!*#!(/0/&2*/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!'0!)/2A*):2&/.!'0:A58'0(!8'/*/*':6!\<'A7/&*!
/*!2A>.!+,T,d!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6.!+,++]>!4)'6!:2AA!B#&!2:*'#0!2'3/8!*#!$&#3#*/!2!*/23Y726/8!
)/2A*):2&/!2$$&#2:)!*#!#$*'3'J/!$2*'/0*!#5*:#3/6>!"#AA27#&2*'#0!'0!)/2A*):2&/!7/0/B'*6!7#*)!
*)/!$2*'/0*6!208!*)/!#&(20'J2*'#06!$&#='8'0(!:2&/>!M!6%0*)/6'6!#B!/='8/0:/!B&#3!S"46!208!"9M6!
7%!E'**A/:)'A8!/*!2A>!\+,TZ]!&/$#&*/8!:#AA27#&2*'#0!'3$&#=/6!*)/!/BB':'/0:%!#B!*/236.!(/0/&2*/6!2!
3#&/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!3'F*5&/!#B!6@'AA6.!2:)'/=/6!3#&/!&/6$#06'=/0/66.!'00#=2*'#0.!:&/2*'='*%.!
208!$2*'/0*Y:/0*/&/8!$&2:*':/!\E'**A/:)'A8!+,TZ]>!Q1N!&/6/2&:)/&6!B#508!)/2A*):2&/!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!7/0/B'*!B&#3!:#AA27#&2*'#0!;)/0!8/2A'0(!;'*)!:#3$A/F!208!:)2AA/0('0(!:26/6!
\<'A7/&*!/*!2A>.!+,T,]>!C0!2!&/='/;!7%!S//=/6!/*!2A.!\+,,g].!*)/!25*)#&6!B#508!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
:#AA27#&2*'#0!B#AA#;'0(!:#AA27#&2*'=/!*/23!*&2'0'0(!'0*/&=/0*'#06!$&#85:/8!$#6'*'=/!#5*:#3/6!'0!
T]!*)/!/3/&(/0:%!8/$2&*3/0*!:5A*5&/!208!$2*'/0*!62*'6B2:*'#0.!+]!*/23!7/)2='#&!208!&/85:*'#0!
#B!:A'0':2A!/&&#&!&2*/6.!Z]!3202(/3/0*!#B!:2&/!8/A'=/&/8!*#!8#3/6*':!='#A/0:/!=':*'36.!208!-]!
:#3$/*/0*!3/0*2A!)/2A*)!:2&/!8/A'=/&%!\S//=/6!/*!2A.!+,,e]>!C0!20#*)/&!&/='/;.!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!\CU"]!;26!A'0@/8!;'*)!'3$&#=/8!:##&8'02*'#0!#B!:2&/!6/&=':/6!208!
'3$&#=/8!$2*'/0*!62B/*%!\E/3'/5FY")2&A/6!^!R:<5'&/.!+,,a]>!Q1N!&/$#&*6!CU"!'6!266#:'2*/8!
;'*)!'3$&#=/8!#5*:#3/6!'0!'0B/:*'#56!8'6/26/6.!B23'A%!)/2A*).!&/6$#06/6!*#!/$'8/3':6.!
)5320'*2&'20!/BB#&*6.!208!0#0:#3350':27A/!8'6/26/6!\<'A7/&*!/*!2A>.!+,T,]>!P2B/*%!'08':2*#&6!
)2=/!7//0!&/85:/8!7%!CU"!65:)!26!!/&&#&!&2*/6.!:#3$A':2*'#06.!A/0(*)!#B!)#6$'*2A!6*2%.!6*2BB!
*5&0#=/&.!208!3#&*2A'*%!&2*/6!\<'A7/&*!/*!2A>.!+,T,]>!N$*'3'J'0(!$2*'/0*!62B/*%!'6!8/$/08/0*!#0!
/BB/:*'=/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/>!!
!
<'=/0!*)/!(&#;'0(!7#8%!#B!/='8/0:/!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!7/0/B'*6!#B!CU".!02*'#02A!/85:2*'#0!
266#:'2*'#06!#B!6:)##A6!#B!*)/!)/2A*)!$&#B/66'#06!B#&3/8!*)/!C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!
"#AA27#&2*'=/!\CUL"]!*#!/0:#5&2(/!/BB#&*6!*)2*!28=20:/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&/$2&2*'#0!#B!
$&#B/66'#02A6.!65:)!26!*)&#5()!C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!\CUL]>!CUL!5A*'32*/A%!2'36!*#!(/0/&2*/!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!*)&#5()#5*!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#06!\1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6.!
+,++]>!4)/!Q1N!8/B'0/6!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!26!h6#3/#0/!;)#!)26!A/2&0/8!)#;!*#!;#&@!'0!
20!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/23!208!'6!:#3$/*/0*!*#!8#!6#i>!Q1N!2A6#!6*2*/6!*)2*!C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
"#AA27#&2*'=/!U&2:*':/!\CU"U]!h#::5&6!;)/0!35A*'$A/!)/2A*)!;#&@/&6!B&#3!8'BB/&/0*!$&#B/66'#02A!
72:@(&#5086!$&#='8/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!)/2A*)!6/&=':/6!7%!;#&@'0(!;'*)!$2*'/0*6.!*)/'&!B23'A'/6.!
:2&/('=/&6.!208!:#3350'*'/6!*#!8/A'=/&!*)/!)'()/6*!`52A'*%!#B!:2&/i>!!
!
CU"U!)26!7//0!28#$*/8!26!2!@/%!:#3$#0/0*!#B!*)/!M:28/3%!3'66'#0.!='6'#0.!208!$&'0:'$A/6!
\M:28/3%!#B!O5&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6.!+,+Td!1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6.!+,++]>!4)/!M:28/3%!'6!:5&&/0*A%!
2!3/37/&!#B!B'=/!@/%!CUL!#&(20'J2*'#06.!'0:A58'0(!O2*'#02A!M:28/3%!#B!R/8':'0/!\B#&3/&A%!
@0#;0!26!*)/!C06*'*5*/!#B!R/8':'0/].!C0*/&U&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!"#AA27#&2*'=/!\CUL"].!1/2A*)!
U&#B/66'#06!M::&/8'*#&6!"#AA27#&2*'=/.!"#50:'A!#0!<&2852*/!R/8':2A!L85:2*'#0!\"N<RL].!208!
<A#72A!K#&53!#0!C00#=2*'#0!'0!1/2A*)!U&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0>!4)/!M:28/3%!)26!'8/0*'B'/8!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!26!/66/0*'2A!B#&!2:)'/='0(!$2*'/0*Y:/0*/&/8.!:##&8'02*/8.!208!/BB/:*'=/!
)/2A*)!:2&/>!O/;A%!(&2852*'0(!8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!6)#5A8!)2=/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!*#!
/BB/:*'=/A%!;#&@!;'*)'0!2!)/2A*):2&/!*/23.!2'3/8!2*!'3$&#='0(!$2*'/0*!62B/*%.!#$*'3'J'0(!:26/!
3202(/3/0*.!&/85:'0(!3/8':2A!/&&#&6.!208!8/A'=/&'0(!*)/!)'()/6*!`52A'*%!#B!:2&/>!CUL!'6!
0/:/662&%!B#&!*)/!8/=/A#$3/0*!#B!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!8'/*'*'206>!1#;/=/&.!2!A2:@!#B!:#00/:*'#0!
7/*;//0!/85:2*'#0!208!$&2:*':/!/F'6*6!\X'6'#0'0(!S/$#&*.!1ND]>!!
!
CUL"!8/=/A#$/8!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!+,TT!208!5$82*/8!*)/3!'0!+,Ta!*#!6/&=/!26!2!(5'8/!B#&!
:5&&':5A53!8/=/A#$3/0*!#B!=2&'#56!)/2A*)!$&#B/66'#06!208!*#!)/A$!$&/$2&/!B5*5&/!)/2A*)!
$&#B/66'#02A6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$2*'/0*!:2&/>!4)/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!6$/:'B':2AA%!'0*/08/8!
B#&!B5*5&/!)/2A*)!$&#B/66'#02A!6*58/0*6!;)#!2&/!'0!$&/YA':/065&/f$&/Y:&/8/0*'2A/8!*&2'0'0(!
\C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!"#AA27#&2*'=/.!+,Ta]>!4)/!M:28/3%_6!"#50:'A!#0!K5*5&/!U&2:*':/!
+,Tb!X'6'#0'0(!S/$#&*!'8/0*'B'/8!2!:A/2&!0//8!B#&!:&/8/0*'2A/8!SDO6!*#!)2=/!3#&/!'0Y8/$*)!CUL!
:#3$/*/0:/!\H':@A'()*/&!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!U/*&#6@%.!+,++]>!?/*.!*)'6!'6!0#*!&/BA/:*/8!'0!*)/!:#&/!
:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!B#&!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!/=2A52*'#0>!Q)'A/!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0!)26!288/8!
A20(52(/!208!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B#&!CU"U!'0!*)/!+,Tb!P*2082&86!#B!U&2:*':/!\PNU]!208!P*2082&86!#B!
U&#B/66'#02A!U&2:*':/!\PNUU].!*)/6/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!0#*!:#3$&/)/06'=/.!8#!0#*!6$/:'B':2AA%!
#&'('02*/!B&#3!*)/!CUL"!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!2&/!0#*!'0:A58/8!;'*)!*)/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!\LA'#*!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!4)/!PNU!208!PNUU!2&/!'0*/08/8!*#!/=2A52*/!
/6*27A'6)/8!SDfSDO6!'0!$&2:*':/>!PNU!208!PNUU!2&/!0#*!8/6'(0/8!*#!/=2A52*/!208!(5'8/!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:/!8/=/A#$3/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!C0!#*)/&!;#&86.!$&2:*':'0(!8'/*'*'206!2&/!/=2A52*/8!
#0!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!2&/!0#*!'0:A58/8!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!266/663/0*6!#&!/85:2*'#02A!
/F$/:*2*'#06>!L=2A52*'0(!/6*27A'6)/8!8'/*'*'206!#0!6#3/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
'0!$&2:*':/!;'*)#5*!/065&'0(!*)2*!*)/!8'/*'*'206!)2=/!&/:/'=/8!$&#$/&!*&2'0'0(!208!266/663/0*!
$&'#&!*#!7/'0(!:&/8/0*'2A/8!'6!2!B&2(3/0*/8!/BB#&*>!C*!&/BA/:*6!2!B2'A5&/!'0!B5AA%!/=2A52*'0(!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!26!2!:#06*&5:*!7/B#&/!8'/*'*206_!/0*&%!*#!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!!
!
D/6$'*/!*)/!28=20:/3/0*!'0!'0:#&$#&2*'0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!B//8!'0*#!*)/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y
&/28'0/66!8'&/:*'#0.!*)/!A'6*!#B!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!32%!0#*!7/!
:#3$&/)/06'=/!208!32%!0#*!3//*!2AA!B#5&!32'0!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!8#32'06!#B!*)/!CUL">!CB!*)/!
8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0!26$'&/6!*#!(/0/&2*/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!8'/*'*'206.!*)'6!356*!7/!&/BA/:*/8!'0!
*)/!266/663/0*>!C0!#&8/&!B#&!*)/!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*#!7/!=2A'8!B#&!/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
#0!*)/!:#06*&5:*!#B!:#AA27#&2*'=/!&/28'0/66.!CUL"!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6)#5A8!7/!3/&(/8!'0*#!*)/!
6*2082&8'J/8!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!266/663/0*!*##A6>!!
*
UPXPVPUP*5@<;;<3<;@G=>;CC**
D/6$'*/!M"LOD_6!/BB#&*6!*#!$&#85:/!2!A'6*!#B!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!&/BA/:*!*)/!0//86!#B!*)/!
8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0.!&/:/0*!&/6/2&:)!'8/0*'B'/8!(2$6!'0!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!;)':)!$##&A%!
&/BA/:*!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6#B*!6@'AA6!*)2*!2&/!&/`5'&/8!B#&!/0*/&'0(!*)/!;#&@B#&:/!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!
+,+T]>!P@'AA!8/B':'/0:%.!8'BB':5A*%!6/:5&'0(!G#76.!208!2!B'020:'2A!75&8/0!#0!/3$A#%/&6!:20!&/65A*!
B&#3!2!A2:@!#B!*)#&#5()!208!:#06'6*/0*!/=2A52*'#0!#B!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!6@'AA6>!C0!2!&/:/0*!202A%6'6.!
*)/!(2$6!'0!*)/!6@'AA6!*)2*!*)/!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!/37#8%!;/&/!'8/0*'B'/8!\H#/3/A.!
+,+T]>!W0A'@/!8'/*/*':Y6$/:'B':!@0#;A/8(/!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!6#B*!6@'AA6!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!'3$A'/8!75*!0#*!/F$A':'*A%!'0:A58/8!'0!*)/!A'6*!#B!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!
4)/!2&*':A/!)'()A'()*/8!2!0//8!*#!/F$A':'*A%!'0:A58/!6$/:'B':!6#B*Y6@'AA!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!:2&//&Y
&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!$#6'*'#0!/0*&%YA/=/A!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#02A6!*#!;#&@!3#&/!/BB/:*'=/A%!
26!$2&*!#B!20!'0*/&8'6:'$A'02&%!)/2A*):2&/!*/23!\H#/3/A.!+,+T]>!H#/3/A!/*!2A>!+,+T!:#3$2&/8!
*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!&/`5'&/3/0*6!*#!*)/!O2*'#02A!M66#:'2*'#0!#B!"#AA/(/6!208!
L3$A#%//6!\OM"L]!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!$'0$#'0*!;)':)!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!2&/!
508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!'0!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*>!OM"L!'6!2!$&#B/66'#02A!266#:'2*'#0!*)2*!
:#AA/:*6!82*2!208!'0B#&32*'#0!#0!)'&'0(!*&/086.!$&#B/66'#02A!8/=/A#$3/0*!6*&2*/('/6.!208!:2&//&!
&/28'0/66!&/6/2&:)>!OM"L!)26!56/8!'*6!82*2!*#!$&#='8/!:&'*/&'2!*#!3/265&/!*)/!27'A'*%!#B!
$&#(&236!*#!2:)'/=/!:2&//&Y&/A2*/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!;'8/A%!56/8>!R#&/!
*)20!egk!#B!2AA!&/6/2&:)!50'=/&6'*'*/6!2:&#66!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6!26!;/AA!26!3#&/!*)20![,k!#B!-Y
%/2&!50'=/&6'*'/6!56/!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!'0B#&3!G#7!:208'82*/6!&/(2&8'0(!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!
6@'AA!&/`5'&/3/0*6>!OM"L!:#085:*6!65&=/%6!;'*)!2&#508!a,a!/3$A#%/&6!B&#3!+,!8'BB/&/0*!
'0856*&'/6!#0!2!%/2&A%!726'6!208!:#0*'05#56A%!:#3$'A/6!82*2!*#!=2A'82*/!*)/!6/=/0!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
#B!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66>!4)/!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!2$$A':27A/!*)&#5()#5*!=2&'#56!
8'6:'$A'0/6!208!0#*!6$/:'B':!*#!*)/!B'/A8!#B!8'/*/*':6>!4)/!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0:A58/V!T]!:&'*':2A!
*)'0@'0(!208!$&#7A/3!6#A='0(.!+]!#&2Af;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#0.!Z]!*/23;#&@!208!:#AA27#&2*'#0.!
-]!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%.![]!A/28/&6)'$.!a]!$&#B/66'#02A'63!208!;#&@!/*)':.!b]!:2&//&!3202(/3/0*.!
208!g]!(A#72A!'0*/&:5A*5&2A!BA5/0:%!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+Td!O2*'#02A!M66#:'2*'#0!#B!"#AA/(/6!208!
L3$A#%/&6.!+,+T]>!D5/!*#!*)/!(/0/&2A'J/27'A'*%!#B!*)/!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!*)/'&!'0:#&$#&2*'#0!
'0*#!*)/!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!:#5A8!B'AA!*)/!(2$!#B!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!/=2A52*'#0!#B!8'/*/*':!
*&2'0//6>!
!
UPXPYP*!=L;<C=A9*@>G*C9CA;B=K*F=@C*=>*@CC;CCB;>A*H<@KA=K;C**
LBB#&*6!7%!*)/!M:28/3%!)2=/!7//0!328/!*#!:A#6/!*)/!(2$!'0!$2*'/0*!&/$&/6/0*2*'#0>!C0:&/26'0(!
8'=/&6'*%!'6!:5&&/0*A%!2*!*)/!B#&/B&#0*!#B!*)/!M:28/3%_6!$&'#&'*'/6!208!'0'*'2*'=/6!\M:28/3%!#B!
O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6.!+,+Z]>!4)'6!'6!7/:256/!*)/!:5&&/0*!8'/*/*':!;#&@B#&:/!8#/6!0#*!&/BA/:*!
*)/!8'=/&6/!$2*'/0*!$#$5A2*'#0!#B!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6>!NB!*)/!TTe.+-e!:&/8/0*'2A/8!SDO6!;'*)!*)/!
"#33'66'#0!#0!D'/*/*':!S/('6*&2*'#0!\"DS.!+,+,]!'0!*)/!+,+,!O//86!P2*'6B2:*'#0!P5&=/%.!g,k!
;/&/!;)'*/.!ak!1'6$20':!#&!E2*'0#.!Zk!MB&':20!M3/&':20!#&!9A2:@.![k!M6'20.!208!+k!#*)/&>!C0!
*)/!623/!65&=/%!#B!8'/*/*':6!6*58/0*6.!b+k!;/&/!;)'*/.!T,k!1'6$20':!#&!E2*'0#.!bk!MB&':20!
M3/&':20!#&!9A2:@.!ak!M6'20.!208!Zk!#*)/&>!C0!:#0*&26*.!*)/!$#$5A2*'#0!#B!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6!'6!
:#0*'05'0(!*#!/F$/&'/0:/!20!'0:&/26/!'0!3'0#&'*%!$#$5A2*'#06>!9%!+,[,.!*)/!$#$5A2*'#0!#B!*)/!
W0'*/8!P*2*/6!'6!$&#G/:*/8!*#!7/!:#3$#6/8!#B!3'0#&'*%!&2:'2A!(&#5$6!;'*)!*)/!A2&(/6*!3'0#&'*%!
7/'0(!;)'*/!\2$$&#F'32*/A%!-bY-ek]>!4)/&/!;'AA!0#!A#0(/&!7/!20%!&2:'2A!32G#&'*%>!4)/!A/=/A!#B!
&/$&/6/0*2*'#0!B&#3!&2:'2A!208!/*)0':!3'0#&'*%!(&#5$6!356*!'0:&/26/!8&26*':2AA%!'0!#&8/&!B#&!*)/!
8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#0!*#!7/!&/A/=20*!B#&!*)/!0/F*!(/0/&2*'#0!#B!3#&/!&2:'2AA%!208!/*)0':2AA%!
8'=/&6/!M3/&':206>!M!6*&#0(!7#8%!#B!A'*/&2*5&/!6)#;6!$2*'/0*6!;)#!2&/!&/:/'='0(!)/2A*):2&/!
B&#3!'08'='852A6!;)#!A##@!A'@/!*)/3!208!508/&6*208!*)/'&!8'=/&6/!0//86!2&/!3#&/!A'@/A%!*#!
28)/&/!*#!*&/2*3/0*6.!*#!:#0*'05/!*#!6//@!3/8':2A!6/&=':/6.!208!*#!)2=/!$#6'*'=/!)/2A*)!
#5*:#3/6!\<&//0;##8!/*!2A>.!+,+,d!I/**%!/*!2A>.!+,++d!P2)2!/*!2A>.!Teeed!P:)#/0*)2A/&!/*!2A>.!
+,T-]>!
!
4)/!M:28/3%!)26!*2@/0!320%!'0'*'2*'=/6!*#!'3$&#=/!8'=/&6'*%!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#0!208!)26!
28#$*/8!8'=/&6'*%!26!2!:/0*/&!(#2A!B#&!*)/!B5*5&/!#B!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!4)/!M:28/3%_6!9#2&8!#B!
D'&/:*#&_6!C0:A56'#0.!D'=/&6'*%.!L`5'*%!208!M::/66!\CDLM]!"#33'**//!:&/2*/8!20!2:*'#0!$A20!
2'3/8!2*!'0:&/26'0(!&/:&5'*3/0*.!&/*/0*'#0.!208!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!8'/*/*':!/85:2*'#0!208!*&2'0'0(!
B#&!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!(&#5$6>!4#!*)2*!/08.!'0!+,+,.!2!D'=/&6'*%!208!C0:A56'#0!B/AA#;6)'$!;26!
'0'*'2*/8!*#!'0=/6*'(2*/!:)2AA/0(/6!'0!'0:&/26'0(!8'=/&6'*%!'0!8'/*/*':6>!Q)'A/!*)/!M:28/3%!'6!
'0=/6*'0(!6'(0'B':20*!/BB#&*!*#!'0:&/26/!8'=/&6'*%!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!6*58/0*!$#$5A2*'#0!208!
;#&@B#&:/.!0#!:)20(/6!)2=/!7//0!328/!*#!*)/!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!B#&!*)/!:)20('0(!
$#$5A2*'#0!#B!'0:#3'0(!6*58/0*6!B&#3!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!3'0#&'*%!$#$5A2*'#06>!C*!'6!/F$/:*/8!
*)/!0537/&!#B!'0:#3'0(!6*58/0*6!208!'0*/&06!B&#3!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!3'0#&'*%!$#$5A2*'#06!;'AA!
'0:&/26/!'0!*)/!5$:#3'0(!%/2&6!26!2!&/65A*!#B!4)/!M:28/3%_6!&/:&5'*3/0*!/BB#&*6>!<'=/0!*)/!
:5&&/0*!$&#B'A/!#B!SDO6.!2!$&/8#3'020*A%!;)'*/!;#&@B#&:/!;'AA!7/!/=2A52*'0(!20!'0:#3'0(!$##A!
#B!8'=/&6/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!56'0(!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!*)2*!2&/!#5*82*/8!726/8!#0!*)/!3#6*!
:5&&/0*!&/6/2&:)!\'>/>!6'0(A/!266/66#&!$&2:*':/6]>!4)'6!6%6*/3':!7'26!*)&/2*/06!*)/!&/*/0*'#0!#B!
*)/!&/:&5'*/8!508/&&/$&/6/0*/8!(&#5$6!208!8'A5*/6!*)/!M:28/3%_6!/BB#&*6!B#&!32@'0(!28=20:/6!
#0!8'=/&6'*%>!!
!
4)/!:5&&/0*!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6!208!*##A6!$&/6/0*!320%!7/0/B'*6!75*!2&/!0#*!B&//!#B!
3/265&/3/0*!7'26!208!2&/!0#*!B'*!#&!=2A'8!B#&!/=2A52*'0(!6*58/0*6!B&#3!8'=/&6/!72:@(&#5086!
\LAA'#*!^!1':@23.!Tegbd!1/&7/&6!I&!/*!2A>.!Teged!O#/A!/*!2A>.!Tee+]>!E#;!'0*/&Y&2*/&!=2&'27'A'*%!'6!
#B*/0!B#508!'0!*)/6/!*%$/6!#B!3/265&/3/0*6>!4)'6!=2&'27'A'*%!)26!7//0!B#508!*#!7/!A'0@/8!*#!
&2*/&!=2&'20:/!3#&/!*)20!*#!*&2'0//!=2&'20:/!\"##@!/*!2A>.!+,T,d!1'AA!/*!2A>.!+,,ed!R2&(#A'6!/*!2A>.!
+,,a]>!C0!#*)/&!;#&86.!7'26!208!'0:#06'6*/0:'/6!'0!266/66#&6_!G58(/3/0*!'6!3#&/!&/6$#06'7A/!B#&!
*)/!6)#&*:#3'0(6!'0!266/663/0*!*)20!'6!*)/!=2&'27'A'*%!'0!*)/!$/&B#&320:/!#B!*)/!2:*52A!*&2'0//>!
9'26!'0BA5/0:/6!*)/!;2%!'08'='852A6_!@0#;A/8(/.!$&#B/66'#02A!27'A'*'/6.!208!:2&//&!:#3$/*/0:/!
2&/!='/;/8>!R'0#&!8'BB/&/0:/6!'0!$/&:/'=/8!$/&B#&320:/!:20!7/!23$A'B'/8!'0!*)/!$&/6/0:/!#B!
/=2A52*#&!7'26>!4)'6!&/65A*6!'0!32G#&!8'BB/&/0:/6!'0!/=2A52*'#0.!`52A'B':2*'#0!B#&!&/:/'='0(!
A':/065&/.!#&!6/A/:*'#0!B#&!2;2&86>!P5:)!8'BB/&/0:/6!B2=#&!'08'='852A6!;)#!2&/!;/AAY&/$&/6/0*/8!
208!8'6*20:/6!*)#6/!;)#!2&/!508/&Y&/$&/6/0*/8>!S/6/2&:)!)26!8/3#06*&2*/8!*)2*!*&2'0'0(!
/=2A52*#&6!#5*!#B!65:)!7'26/6!208!:#(0'*'=/!/&&#&6!'6!0#*!$#66'7A/!\"##@!/*!2A>.!+,,ed!C&2320//&2*!
^!?58@#;6@%.!+,,bd!R:E25()A'0!/*!2A>.!+,,e]>!4)/!7/6*!2$$&#2:)!B#&!:#372*'0(!*)'6!7'26!'6!*#!
:&/2*/!3#&/!/`5'*27A/!266/663/0*6!*)2*!:20!A/=/A!*)/!B'/A8>!S/85:'0(!7'26!'0!266/663/0*!/0*2'A6!
*)/!'0:#&$#&2*'#0!208!:#06'8/&2*'#0!#B!35A*'$A/!8'3/06'#06!#B!$&2:*':/!85&'0(!/=2A52*'#0.!
8'BB/&/0*'2*/8!266/663/0*6.!8'&/:*!#76/&=2*'#0.!:&'*/&'#0Y726/8!&2*'0(.!208!B&/`5/0*!35A*'Y
B2:/*/8!B//872:@!B&#3!35A*'$A/!&2*/&6!\R:"A'0*#:@!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!4)'6!'0:&/26/6!*)/!=2&'27'A'*%!
208!82*2!$#'0*6!:#AA/:*/8!#0!2!*&2'0//!208!3'0'3'J/6!*)/!/BB/:*!#B!*)/!7A'08!6$#*6!'0!&2*/&6_!
$/&:/$*'#06>!M0!'3$&#=/8!3/*)#8!#B!266/663/0*!*)2*!*2@/6!*)/6/!6*&2*/('/6!'0*#!2::#50*!208!
*)2*!&/85:/6!7'26!'6!0//8/8!'0!8'/*/*':6>!4)/!$&/6/0:/!#B!6%6*/32*':!7'26!'0!266/663/0*!:20!
$&/=/0*!*)/!&/*/0*'#0!#B!$#*/0*'2A!8'=/&6/!:208'82*/6!B&#3!/0*/&'0(!*)/!$&#B/66'#0>!!
!
UPUP*1EJA=3-DE<K;*6;;GF@KR*Z1-6[*+CC;CCB;>A**
RPK!'6!2!65&=/%Y726/8.!;#&@$A2:/Y726/8!266/663/0*!3/*)#8!*)2*!)26!/3/&(/8!'0!*)/!A'*/&2*5&/!
26!2!=2A527A/.!&/A'27A/.!208!=2A'8!2$$&#2:)!B#&!266/66'0(!$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/.!6$/:'B':!
7/)2='#&6.!208!2**'*58/6!'0!2!;#&@!6/**'0(!\I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Ted!E2R20*'2!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!Q##8!/*!
2A>.!+,,a]>!MA*)#5()!RPK!#&'('02*/8!'0!'0856*&%!;'*)!0#!*)/#&/*':2A!726/.!RPK!)26!(2'0/8!
;'8/6$&/28!2::/$*20:/!26!20!/=2A52*'#0!3/*)#8!B#&!$&#B/66'#02A6!208!)26!7//0!28#$*/8!7%!
6/=/&2A!$&#B/66'#06!'0:A58'0(!3/8':'0/!\D#)/&*%!/*!2A>.!+,TZ]>!RPK!)26!7//0!56/8!'0!*)/!B'/A8!#B!
2='2*'#0.!'0!*)/!3'A'*2&%.!'0!3#&/!*)20!e,k!#B!K#&*50/![,,!756'0/66/6.!208!3#6*!&/:/0*A%.!'0!
)/2A*):2&/!*&2'0'0(!$&#(&236!*#!#7*2'0!3#&/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!208!3#&/!=2A'8!B//872:@!B#&!
*&2'0//6!:#3$2&/8!*#!*&28'*'#02A!266/663/0*!3/*)#86!\D#00#0!/*!2A>.!+,T-d!E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!
+,,a]>!RPK!)26!7//0!'0:&/26'0(A%!56/8!'0!)/2A*):2&/!6/**'0(6!;#&A8;'8/!6'0:/!TeeZ!\N=/&//3!
+,T+]>!R/8':2A!6*58/0*!266/663/0*!)26!328/!*)/!*&206'*'#0!*#!35A*'$A/!266/66#&!$&2:*':/6!26!
$2&*!#B!&/=2A'82*'#0!208!`52A'*%!'3$&#=/3/0*!B#&!$&2:*':'0(!$)%6':'206!\E#:@%/&!/*!2A>.!+,,a]>!
RPK!)26!7//0!28#$*/8!7%!*)/!M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!<&2852*/!R/8':2A!L85:2*'#0!\M"<RL]!
208!)26!7//0!65((/6*/8!26!2!65$/&'#&!266/663/0*!*##A!B#&!/=2A52*'#0!'0!8'/*/*':6>!RPK!'3$2&*6!
B//872:@!B&#3!2!35A*'8'6:'$A'02&%!(&#5$!#B!/=2A52*#&6!;'*)'0!2!*&2'0//_6!6$)/&/!#B!;#&@>!4)/!
/=2A52*#&6!266/66!&2*'0(!A'6*6!\:#3$/*/0:'/6]!*)2*!2&/!$&/Y8/*/&3'0/8!7%!2!$&#B/66'#0_6!*&2'0'0(!
$&#(&23!(#2A6>!K//872:@!'6!2((&/(2*/8!B&#3!2!*&2'0//_6!65$/&'#&6.!$//&6.!65$$#&*!$/&6#00/A.!
208!$2*'/0*6!;'*)!*)/!(#2A!#B!='/;'0(!20!'08'='852A_6!$/&B#&320:/!B&#3!=2&'#56!$/&6$/:*'=/6!
\Za,o!='/;]>!RPK!2A6#!'0:#&$#&2*/6!6/ABY266/663/0*!B&#3!*)/!*&2'0//!#0!*)/'&!#;0!$/&B#&320:/>!
4)'6!('=/6!20!#$$#&*50'*%!B#&!50:#=/&'0(!7A'08!6$#*6!208!)'88/0!6*&/0(*)6!#&!;/2@0/66/6!#B!2!
*&2'0//>!!
!
Q)'A/!0#!6*58'/6!)2=/!7//0!:#085:*/8!*#!*/6*!'*6!B/26'7'A'*%.!=2A'8'*%.!208!/BB/:*'=/0/66!'0!
/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#02A6.!RPK!)26!7//0!6)#;0!*#!3//*!*)/!:&'*/&'2!B#&!(##8!266/663/0*!
208!)26!7//0!6)#;0!*#!7/!2::/$*27A/.!B/26'7A/.!&/A'27A/!208!=2A'8!'0!*&2'0//!266/663/0*!23#0(!
)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6>!E#:@%/&!\+,TZ]!'0=/6*'(2*/8!*)/!27'A'*%!#B!RPK!*#!3//*!*)/!6/=/0!
:&'*/&'2!B#&!(##8!266/663/0*!56'0(!*)/!"#06/0656!K&23/;#&@!B#&!<##8!M66/663/0*!\O#&:'0'!/*!
2A>.!+,Tg]>!!O#&:'0'!208!:#AA/2(5/6!\+,Tg]!B#508!:#06'6*/0*!2$$&#2:)/6!2&/!*2@/0!*#!8/=/A#$!
8'BB/&/0*!RPK!'06*&53/0*6!208!*)2*!*)/!8/=/A#$/8!'06*&53/0*6!3//*!2*!A/26*!6'F!#B!*)/!6/=/0!!
:&'*/&'2!B#&!(##8!266/663/0*>!C0!2!6*58%!7%!R:U)//!/*!2A>!\+,Tb].!05&6/6!&/$#&*/8!RPK!;26!
56/B5A!B#&!'3$&#='0(!$/&B#&320:/!208!*)2*!B//872:@!;26!3#&/!2::5&2*/!56'0(!RPK!*)20!;)/0!
&/:/'=/8!B&#3!2!6'0(A/!6#5&:/!\P2320*)2!R:U)//!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!C0!20#*)/&!6*58%!7%!"&#66A/%!/*!
2A>!\+,T[].!*)/!25*)#&6!2'3/8!*#!8/=/A#$!208!=2A'82*/!20!RPK!'06*&53/0*!B#&!05&6/6>!4)/!RPK!
'06*&53/0*!;26!B#508!*#!7/!B/26'7A/!;'*)!a,k!=#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/!\"&#66A/%.!+,T[]>!M!
&/='/;!7%!R266'/!/*!2A>!\+,Ta]!(2*)/&/8!/='8/0:/!*)2*!RPK!'6!/=/0!/BB/:*'=/!2*!'3$&#='0(!
(/0/&2A!$)%6':'20!*&2'0//6_!$/&B#&320:/!85/!*#!*)/!RPK_6!B#&32*'=/!B//872:@!$&#:/66!\R266'/!
^!MA'.!+,Ta]>!4;#!288'*'#02A!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;6!\D#00#0!/*!2A>.!+,T-d!P*/=/06!/*!2A>.!+,Tg]!
:#0:A58/8!RPK!'6!2!=2A'8.!&/A'27A/.!208!B/26'7A/!3/*)#8!#B!266/66'0(!$)%6':'20!*&2'0//!
$/&B#&320:/>!L='8/0:/!'6!:#0*'05'0(!*#!2::535A2*/!#0!*)/!7/0/B'*6!208!56/!#B!RPK!'0!
)/2A*):2&/>!NB!$2&*':5A2&!=2A5/.!RPK!)26!7//0!6)#;0!*#!7/!2!)'()A%!/BB/:*'=/!*##A!B#&!266/66'0(!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/!\")/6A5@!/*!2A>.!+,T[]>!
!
RPK!'6!:#0*'05'0(!*#!(2'0!;'8/!'3$A/3/0*2*'#0!'0!)/2A*):2&/.!%/*!)26!0#*!7//0!/=2A52*/8!'0!
8'/*/*':6>!4)/!RPK!Za,!2$$&#2:)!6//36!20!'8/2A!3/*)#8!B#&!266/66'0(!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!A'@/!:#AA27#&2*'#0!208!:2&//&!&/28'0/66!23#0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!4)/!B'&6*!6*/$!*#!
508/&6*208'0(!*)/!56/B5A0/66!#B!*)/!RPK!266/663/0*!*##A!'0!266/66'0(!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!8'/*/*':6!'6!*#!8/=/A#$!2!$&#*#*%$/!208!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!56'0(!'*!*#!
/=2A52*/!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!23#0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!M88'*'#02A!
6*58'/6!2&/!0//8/8!*#!8/*/&3'0/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!RPK!Za,!2$$&#2:)!*#!266/66!*/:)0':2A!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!26!;/AA>!
!
.P*5?+&,"4*.O*1",?%!%$%)\*
.PXP*-AEG9*!;C=N>*%L;<L=;]*
4)/!2'3!#B!*)'6!6*58%!;26!*#!8/=/A#$!208!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!20!'00#=2*'=/!RPK!Za,o!D'/*'*':!
M66/663/0*!4##A!;'*)!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!*#!&/85:/!7'26!'0!266/663/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!208!*#!
28/`52*/A%!/=2A52*/!8'/*'*'206!#0!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6.!6$/:'B':2AA%!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!208!
:2&//&!&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!C0!#&8/&!*#!8/=/A#$!65:)!2!*##A!B#&!/=2A52*'0(!8'/*/*':!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!\2'3!T].!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!;#&@!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!8'/*'*'206!
$2&*':'$2*/8!'0!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!208!:#3$/*/0:%!&2*'0(6!*#!'0B#&3!)#;!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!
8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6)#5A8!7/!3#8'B'/8!*#!'0:A58/!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6!&/BA/:*'=/!#B!
:#3$/*/0*!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/d!208!*)/0!\2'3!+].!2!$&#*#*%$/!266/663/0*!*##A!;26!$'A#*!
*/6*/8!B#&!B/26'7'A'*%!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6!23#0(!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;)#!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8!B&#3!35A*'$A/!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!6'*/6!2:&#66!1#56*#0>!4)/!B#AA#;'0(!6/:*'#06!;'AA!$&#='8/!2!8/*2'A/8!
8/6:&'$*'#0!#B!*)/!6*58%!8/6'(06!#B!2'3!T!208!2'3!+>!
*
.PUP*1;A:DGDJDN9*ID<*+=B*X*
+'1*XV!4#!8/=/A#$!20!RPK!Za,o!*##A!*)2*!32%!7/!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!2!
:#3$&/)/06'=/!A'6*!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!'0:A58'0(!:#AA27#&2*'#0Y&/28'0/66!^!:2&//&Y
&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!
U&/Y/F'6*'0(!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!/F$208/8!*#!&/BA/:*!:#AA27#&2*'#0!
&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!208!:2&//&!&/28'0/66!6@'AA6!726/8!#0!82*2!B&#3!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6!208!B&#3!&2*'0(6!#B!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!(2*)/&/8!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!
$/&6#00/A!;)#!;#&@!;'*)!SDfSDO6!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!
o S/6/2&:)!`5/6*'#0V!Q)2*!3/265&27A/!208!#76/&=27A/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!
)/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A!=2A5/!'0!05*&'*'#0!208!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#02A6!$&2:*':'0(!
23#0(!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6j!*
*
.PUPXP*&@<A=K=H@>AC*
1/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A!;)#!:#AA27#&2*/!208!'0*/&2:*!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!#0!2!&/(5A2&!726'6!'0!$2*'/0*!
3202(/3/0*!:26/6!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8!*#!$2&*':'$2*/!'0!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!`52A'*2*'=/!'0*/&='/;6>!
U2&*':'$20*6!B#&!2'3!T!;/&/!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!;/&/!27A/!*#!'8/0*'B%!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!
65::/66B5A!8'/*'*'206>!4)/!$2&*':'$20*6!&/BA/:*/8!*)/!623$A/!#B!/=2A52*#&6!;)#!;'AA!5A*'32*/A%!56/!
*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*'*'206>!!
4)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8!#0!*)/!726'6!#B!*)/!B#AA#;'0(!:&'*/&'2V!
Y E':/06/8!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!;)#!:#AA27#&2*/!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!#0!$2*'/0*!3202(/3/0*!
:26/6V!65:)!26!$)%6':'20.!05&6/.!6$//:)!*)/&2$'6*.!$)2&32:'6*.!208!/F/&:'6/!$)%6'#A#('6*>!
Y U/&6#00/A!;)#!#76/&=/!208!8'&/:*!:A'0':2A!2:*'='*'/6!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!2!;//@A%!726'6>!
4)'6!'0:A58/8!$/&6#00/A!;)#!2&/!*/3$#&2&'A%!'0!2!65$/&='6#&%!&#A/!208!;)#!2&/!
#*)/&;'6/!0#*!:#06'8/&/8!65$/&='6#&6>!LF23$A/6!'0:A58/8.!75*!;/&/!0#*!A'3'*/8!*#.!
8'/*/*':!3202(/&6f8'&/:*#&6.!283'0'6*&2*#&6.!/F/:5*'=/6.!B##8!6/&=':/!3202(/&6.!
8'/*'*'206!;#&@'0(!'0!2!65$/&='6#&%!&#A/!&/A2*'=/!*#!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!65:)!26!$&/:/$*#&.!
$&#G/:*!65$/&='6#&6.!*/3$#&2&%!65$/&='6#&6.!208!6)'B*!A/286>!!
Y U/&6#00/A!;)#!65$$#&*!8'/*/*'20_6!27'A'*%!*#!$&#='8/!$2*'/0*!:2&/!208!&/:/'=/!
(5'820:/f'06*&5:*'#06!B&#3!8'/*'*'206V!65:)!26!65$$#&*!6*2BB.!8'/*/*':!*/:)0':'20.!/*:>!!
Y U&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!6/ABY'8/0*'B%!B&#3!3'0#&'*%!(&#5$6!;'*)'0!*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6!65:)!26!
MB&':20!M3/&':206.!M6'20!M3/&':206.!1'6$20':!M3/&':206.!M&27':!M3/&':206.!M3/&':20!
C08'20!#&!MA26@2!O2*'=/6.!/*:>!;/&/!('=/0!$&'#&'*%!'0!&/:&5'*3/0*!208!/0&#AA3/0*!/BB#&*6>!
S/:&5'*/8!$2&*':'$20*6!&/$&/6/0*'0(!3'0#&'*%!$#$5A2'*#06!;/&/!('=/0!$&'#&'*%!*#!7/!
/0&#AA/8!26!$2&*':'$20*6>!!
Y D'=/&6'*%!'0!*)/!)/2A*):2&/!&#A/!*)2*!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6!)/A8!;26!2A6#!*2&(/*/8!85&'0(!*)/!
&/:&5'*3/0*!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!;'*)!$&'#&'*%!('=/0!*#!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#6/!&#A/!)28!0#*!7//0!
&/$&/6/0*/8!%/*!'0!*)/!/0&#AA/8!623$A/>!
4#!7/!/A'('7A/.!$2&*':'$20*6!3/*!*)/!B#AA#;'0(!:&'*/&'2V!
Y K5AAY*'3/!#&!$2&*Y*'3/!)/2A*):2&/!/3$A#%//6!
Y Q#&@!208!'0*/&2:*!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!2*!A/26*!#0:/!2!;//@!'0!#5*$2*'/0*!#&!'0$2*'/0*!
6/**'0(6>!C0*/&2:*'#06!'0:A58/!=/&72A!208!;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#06!&/(2&8'0(!$2*'/0*!:2&/.!
$2*'/0*!3/2A6.!#&!$2*'/0*!)/2A*)>!M!=2&%'0(!8/(&//!#B!$&#B/66'#02A!'0*/&2:*'#0!;'*)!
8'/*'*'206!;26!*2&(/*/8!;)'A/!3//*'0(!*)/!3'0'353!&/`5'&/3/0*!#B!#0/!$&#B/66'#02A!
'0*/&2:*'#0!;//@A%>!!
Y 12=/!2::/66!*#!2!:#3$5*/&!208!)2=/!*/A/:#0B/&/0:/!:2$27'A'*%>!
Y M*!A/26*!Tg!%/2&6!#B!2(/!#&!#A8/&!!
!
Sample size!!
P23$A/!6'J/!B#&!#5&!6*58%!;26!8/$/08/0*!#0!62*5&2*'#0>!4)/32*':!62*5&2*'#0!'6!56/8!'0!
`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:)!26!2!(5'8'0(!$&'0:'$A/!*#!8/*/&3'0/!*)/!28/`52:%!#B!$5&$#6'=/!623$A/6!
\1/00'0@!^!H2'6/&.!+,++]>!P2*5&2*'#0!#::5&6!;)/0!0#!0/;!*)/3/6.!'8/26.!#$'0'#06.!#&!$2**/&06!
2&/!B#508!;'*)!288'*'#02A!$2&*':'$20*6!208!82*2!:#AA/:*'#0>!M::#&8'0(!*#!2!&/:/0*!6%6*/32*':!
&/='/;!#0!623$A/!6'J/6!B#&!62*5&2*'#0!'0!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:).!62*5&2*'#0!'6!:#33#0A%!&/2:)/8!
;'*)'0!2!&20(/!#B!eYTb!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!6*58'/6!:#085:*'0(!'08'='852A!'0*/&='/;6!23#0(!2!
&/A2*'=/A%!)#3#(/0#56!6*58%!$#$5A2*'#0!\1/00'0@!^!H2'6/&.!+,++]>!4)/!$#$5A2*'#0!'0!#5&!6*58%!
;26!&/A2*'=/A%!)#3#(/0#56!\)/2A*):2&/!;#&@/&6!;)#!;#&@!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6!208!;)#!&/(5A2&A%!
'0*/&2:*!;'*)!8'/*'*'206].!6#!;/!/F$/:*/8!*#!&/2:)!62*5&2*'#0!;'*)!T+!$2&*':'$20*6!\E20:26*/&.!
+,,-]>!4)/&/B#&/.!;/!2'3/8!*#!&/:&5'*!T+!$2&*':'$20*6!75*!;/!&/2:)/8!62*5&2*'#0!2B*/&!0'0/!!
$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!'0*/&='/;/8>!P2*5&2*'#0!;26!8/*/&3'0/8!56'0(!:#8/!B&/`5/0:%!:#50*6!
6*&2*/(%!\M08#!+,T-d!1/00'0@!+,+T.!*27A/!Z]>!4)'6!'0=#A=/8!/=2A52*'0(!/2:)!'0*/&='/;!7%!
:#50*'0(!*)/!0537/&!#B!0/;A%!/3/&('0(!*)/3/6!50*'A!2!8'3'0'6)'0(!*&/08!;26!8/*/:*/8>!N0:/!
0#!0/;!*)/3/6!;/&/!'8/0*'B'/8.!0#!0/;!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!/0&#AA/8>!O#!0/;!*)/3/6!/3/&(/8!'0!
*)/!A26*!B#5&!$2&*':'$20*6_!'0*/&='/;>!*
*
.PUPUP*1;A:DGC*
U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8.!6:&//0/8.!208!/0&#AA/8!'0!#5&!6*58%>!4)/%!;/&/!*)/0!'0*/&='/;/8!
56'0(!2!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;!(5'8/!&/(2&8'0(!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!8'/*'*'206>!!
*
.PUPUPXP*4;K<E=AB;>A*^*;><DJJB;>A*
1#56*#0.!4/F26!'6!)#3/!*#!*)/!A2&(/6*!3/8':2A!:/0*/&!'0!*)/!;#&A8>!1#56*#0!'6!2A6#!:#06'8/&/8!
*)/!3#6*!&2:'2AA%!208!/*)0':2AA%!8'=/&6/!3/*&#$#A'*20!:'*%!'0!*)/!WP>!P0#;72AA!&/:&5'*3/0*!
3/*)#8#A#(%!;26!56/8!*#!&/:&5'*!0'0/!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!\K25('/&!^!P2&(/20*.!Teebd!X2A/&'#!
/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!4)/!$&'0:'$2A!'0=/6*'(2*#&!#B!*)/!$&#G/:*!6/0*!2!&/:&5'*3/0*!BA%/&!*#!$/&6#02A!208!
$&#B/66'#02A!:#0*2:*6!\B&'/086.!B23'A%.!$&/='#56!208!:5&&/0*!:#;#&@/&6.!208!2:`52'0*20:/6!'0!
*)/!)/2A*):2&/!B'/A8]!='2!/32'A!*#!'0'*'2*/!$2&*':'$20*!&/:&5'*3/0*>!4)#6/!;)#!;/&/!'0*/&/6*/8!
&/2:)/8!#5*!*#!*)/!UC!56'0(!*)/!:#0*2:*!'0B#&32*'#0!\$)#0/!0537/&!208!/32'A]!A'6*/8!#0!*)/!
&/:&5'*3/0*!BA%/&>!4)#6/!;)#!8/3#06*&2*/8!'0*/&/6*!'0!$2&*':'$2*'#0!;/&/!*)/0!6:&//0/8!56'0(!
*)/!27#=/!'0:A56'#0f/F:A56'#0!:&'*/&'2!208!:#0*2:*/8!7%!$)#0/!#&!/32'A>!U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!
*#!$266!#0!*)/!&/:&5'*3/0*!BA%/&!*#!#*)/&!$#*/0*'2A!$2&*':'$20*6!B#&!&/:&5'*3/0*!$5&$#6/6!50*'A!
/0#5()!$2&*':'$20*6!:#3$A/*/8!*)/!$&#:/85&/6!208!50*'A!*)/3/!62*5&2*'#0!;26!&/2:)/8>!!
L0&#AA3/0*!*##@!$A2:/!2*!*)/!7/('00'0(!#B!$2&*':'$20*6_!'0*/&='/;6>!U2&*':'$20*6!:#3$A/*/8!
:#06/0*!B#&36!2*!*)/!7/('00'0(!#B!*)/'&!='&*52A!'0*/&='/;.!B#AA#;/8!7%!*)/!2:*52A!'0*/&='/;!;)':)!
;26!*&206:&'7/8!208!&/:#&8/8!*)&#5()!n##3>!!
*
.PUPUPUP*&<DK;GE<;C*
Step 1: Developing a Draft of the Competency Measure !
4)/!B'&6*!6*/$!'0!8/=/A#$'0(!#5&!266/663/0*!*##A!;26!*#!:#37'0/!208!:#08/06/!*)/!$&/Y
/6*27A'6)/8!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*6!B&#3!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!OM"L!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0*#!#0/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*>!K#&!*)2*!$5&$#6/.!2!$&/='#56A%!
$57A'6)/8!:#08/06/8!A'6*!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!:#3$2&/6!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!8'/*/*':!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!;26!56/8!B#&!6*&5:*5&/!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!HSDO6!;/&/!/A'3'02*/8!B&#3!*)/!A'6*!
26!*)/%!8#!0#*!&/BA/:*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!56/8!'0!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236>!4)/!A'6*!;26!2A6#!
/F$208/8!*#!'0:A58/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!P/:#08.!&/850820*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!
/A'3'02*/8>!4)'&8.!*#!6'3$A'B%!*)/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*.!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!
:#37'0/8!'0*#!*)/!(/0/&2A!:2*/(#&'/6!\B#&!/F23$A/V!$&#B/66'#02A'63]!*)2*!*)/%!3#6*!:A#6/A%!
&/$&/6/0*/8>!L2:)!(/0/&2A!:2*/(#&%!)28!2AA!*)/!&/A/=20*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!*)/!6/$2&2*/!
:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*6!'0:A58/8!;'*)'0!'*>!4)/!(/0/&2A!:2*/(#&'/6!'0:A58/8V!:&'*':2A!*)'0@'0(f$&#7A/3!
6#A='0(.!#&2Af;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#06.!*/23;#&@.!A/28/&6)'$.!$&#B/66'#02A'63f;#&@!/*)':.!
=2A5/6f/*)':6!B#&!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/.!:2&//&!3202(/3/0*.!(A#72Af'0*/&:5A*5&2A!BA5/0:%.!
&#A/6f&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/.!208!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%>!K'02AA%.!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!#&(20'J/8!'0!2!*27A/!208!$&/$2&/8!*#!7/!&2*/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6!#0!;)/*)/&!#&!
0#*!*)/%!;/&/!l#76/&=27A/_.!l266/627A/_.!208!l=2A527A/!B&#3!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*_>!!
!
Step 2V!Semi-structured Interviews with Healthcare Providers!
1/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!\'>/>!$2&*':'$20*6]!$2&*':'$2*/8!'0!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;)/&/!/2:)!!
;26!$&#3$*/8!*#!8/6:&'7/!;)2*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!&/BA/:*!:#3$/*/0*.!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!8'/*'*'20!
'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!)/2A*):2&/!6/**'0(6>!U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!*)/0!('=/0!*)/!:#08/06/8!
:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*!*#!&/='/;!208!&2*/!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!*)/!/F*/0*!*#!;)':)!*)/%!2&/!
l#76/&=27A/_.!l266/627A/_.!208!l=2A527A/!B&#3!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*_>!!
!
P/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;/&/!:#085:*/8!85&'0(!2!6:)/85A/8.!='&*52A!n##3!6/66'#0!;'*)!
$2&*':'$20*6>!n##3!:2AA6!;/&/!&/:#&8/8!208!*&206:&'7/8>!4)/!B#AA#;'0(!`5/6*'#06!;/&/!56/8!26!2!
6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!(5'8/!B#&!*)/!'0*/&='/;6V!
lS/28!*)/!B#AA#;'0(!8/B'0'*'#0!#B!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66_!
o “The World Health Organization defines a collaborative-ready practitioner as
‘someone who has learned how to work in an interprofessional team and is
competent to do so’”(House of Delegates, 2022).!
l1#;!;#5A8!%#5!'0*/&$&/*!*)'6!*/&3!\:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66]j_!!
l1#;!;#5A8!%#5!'0*/&$&/*!*)/!B'&6*!)2AB!#B!*)/!8/B'0'*'#0V!h6#3/#0/!;)#!)26!A/2&0/8!
)#;!*#!;#&@!'0!20!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/23ij_!
l1#;!;#5A8!%#5!'0*/&$&/*!*)/!6/:#08!)2AB!#B!*)/!8/B'0'*'#0V!h208!'6!:#3$/*/0*!*#!8#!
6#ij_!
lQ)2*!2**&'75*/6!208!7/)2='#&6!'0!8'/*'*'206!&/BA/:*!l:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66_!B&#3!%#5&!
$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*j_!
U':*5&/!2!:#3$/*/0*!8'/*'*'20>!Q)2*!6$/:'B':!6@'AA6.!2**&'75*/6.!208!7/)2='#&6!6)#5A8!*)'6!
8'/*'*'20!$#66/66!'0!#&8/&!*#!7/!:#3$/*/0*.!'0!%#5&!#$'0'#0!208!B&#3!%#5&!$&#B/66'#0_6!
6*208$#'0*j!
lK&#3!*)'6!A'6*!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!;)':)!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!8'/*'*'206!8#!%#5!*)'0@!2&/!
266/6627A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!2&/!=2A527A/!B&#3!%#5&!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*j!UA/26/!&2*/!
/2:)!:#3$/*/0:%!#0!*)/!$&#='8/8!6)//*!\='&*52AA%!$&#='8/8]>!
lQ)2*!#*)/&!6@'AA6.!2**&'75*/6.!208!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6)#5A8!7/!288/8!*#!*)'6!A'6*!*#!&/BA/:*!
:#3$/*/0*!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/!2*!/0*&%YA/=/A!'0!2!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(j_!
!
MB*/&!$&/6/0*'0(!*)/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;'*)!*)/!8/B'0'*'#06!208!`5/6*'#06.!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!*#!
(#!*)&#5()!*)/!3/&(/8!A'6*!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!P*/$!T>!4)/%!;/&/!('=/0!23$A/!*'3/!*#!(#!
*)&#5()!/2:)!:#3$/*/0:%!208!$&#='8/!206;/&6>!M*!*)/!:#0:A56'#0!#B!*)/!'0*/&='/;.!*)/!
$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!*#!6:)/85A/!2!*/0!3'05*/!B#AA#;!5$!'0*/&='/;!*#!8/*/&3'0/!'0*/&$&/*'=/!
=2A'8'*%>
!
Step 4: Determining Interpretive Validity
R/37/&!:)/:@'0(!*/:)0'`5/!;26!56/8!*#!8/*/&3'0/!'0*/&$&/*'=/!=2A'8'*%!\9'&*!/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!M*!
*)/!:#0:A56'#0!#B!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6.!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!'0='*/8!*#!6:)/85A/!2!*/0!
3'0!B#AA#;Y5$!'0*/&='/;!;)/&/!*)/%!;/&/!$&/6/0*/8!;'*)!*)/!*&206:&'$*6!B&#3!*)/'&!#&'('02A!
'0*/&='/;6>!U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!*#!l*)#&#5()A%!&/28!*)/'&!206;/&6!*#!*)/!'0*/&='/;!
`5/6*'#06!208!8/*/&3'0/!;)/*)/&!#&!0#*!*)/!206;/&6!28/`52*/A%!&/BA/:*!*)/'&!*)#5()*6_>!4)/%!
;/&/!*)/0!26@/8!*#!$&#='8/!B//872:@!208!/F$208!;)/&/!0/:/662&%>!4)/!0537/&!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!
/0&#AA/8!'0!2!6/:#08!'0*/&='/;!;26!*)&//!\ZZk!#B!*)/!*#*2A!623$A/]>!!
!
.PUPUP.P*+>@J9C=C*&J@>*
C0*/&='/;6!;/&/!&/:#&8/8!208!*&206:&'7/8!*)&#5()!n##3>!4&206:'$*'#0!;26!&/='/;/8!208!/8'*/8!
7%!*)/!UC!*#!:#&&/:*!6#B*;2&/!*&206:&'$*'#0!/&&#&6>!K'02A!*&206:'$*6!;/&/!:#8/8!56'0(!M4EMP>*'!+-!
o>!4)/32*':!202A%6'6!'6!:#33#0A%!56/8!'0!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:)!*#!'8/0*'B%!$2**/&06!'0!3/20'0(!
208!B'08!*)/3/6!\<##8/AA!/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!C085:*'=/!*)/32*':!202A%6'6!;26!:#085:*/8!7%!*)/!UC!
56'0(!9&250!208!"A2&@_6!a!6*/$!*)/32*':!202A%6'6V!T]!K23'A'2&'J2*'#0!#B!82*2.!+]!'0'*'2A!:#8'0(.!Z]!
(/0/&2*'0(!*)/3/6.!-]!&/='/;'0(!*)/3/6.![]!8/B'0'0(!208!023'0(!*)/3/6.!208!a]!'0*/&$&/*2*'#0!
208!&/$#&*'0(!\9&250!^!"A2&@/.!+,,a]>!!
!
D2*2!B&#3!*)/!&2*/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6!A'6*!;/&/!:#AA/:*/8.!202A%J/8!208!56/8!*#!8/:'8/!;)/*)/&!2!
:#3$/*/0:%!6)#5A8!7/!'0:A58/8!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!#&!0#*>!M!:#3$/*/0:%!;26!&/*2'0/8!'B!
p[,k!#B!$2&*'$:20*6!:#06'8/&/8!'*!l266/6627A/_.!l#76/&=27A/_.!208!l=2A527A/_!B&#3!*)/!6*208$#'0*!
#B!*)/'&!$&#B/66'#0>!CB!q[,k!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!&2*/8!2!('=/0!:#3$/*/0:%!26!l266/6627A/_.!
l#76/&=27A/_.!208!l=2A527A/_!B&#3!*)/!6*208$#'0*!#B!*)/'&!$&#B/66'#0.!*)/0!*)/!:#3$/*/0:%!
;#5A8!7/!/A'3'02*/8!'B!'*!;26!0#*!3/0*'#0/8!'0!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!1#;/=/&.!'B!2!
:#3$/*/0:%!;26!/08#&6/8!'0!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6.!*)/!:#3$/*/0:%!;26!&/*2'0/8!
/=/0!'B!q[,k!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!&2*/8!'*!26!l266/6627A/_.!l#76/&=27A/_.!208!l=2A527A/_!B&#3!*)/!
6*208$#'0*!#B!*)/'&!$&#B/66'#0>!
*
.PUPUPVP*&<DADA9H;*!;L;JDHB;>A*
4)/!B//872:@!(2*)/&/8!B&#3!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6!&/(2&8'0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;26!56/8!*#!:&/2*/!2!
$&#*#*%$/!208!'0'*'2A!8&2B*!#B!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A!B#&!8'/*'*'206!'0!2!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(>!
"#3$/*/0:'/6!'8/0*'B'/8!*)&#5()!*)/3/6!B&#3!`52A'*2*'=/!'0*/&='/;6!208!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!
;/&/!:#06'8/&/8!*#!7/!266/6627A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!=2A527A/!7%!p[,k!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!
&/*2'0/8!208!288/8!*#!*)/!RPK!Za,o!266/663/0*!$&#*#*%$/>!4)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!$#$5A2*/8!
#0!*)/!A/B*!6'8/!#B!*)/!266/663/0*.!'0!2!56/&YB&'/08A%!A'6*.!;'*)!206;/&!7#F/6!#0!*)/!&'()*!6'8/>!
4)'6!*)/0!:&/2*/8!*)/!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!$&#*#*%$/!;)':)!;26!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!/2:)!
'0*/&0>!M0!/A/:*&#0':!=/&6'#0!#B!*)/!266/663/0*!;26!2A6#!(/0/&2*/8!*)&#5()!c52A*&':6!rR>!cS!
:#8/6!208!A'0@6!;/&/!2A6#!:&/2*/8!*)&#5()!c52A*&':6!rR!B#&!/2:)!$2&*':'$20*!'0!M'3!+>!!
*
.P.P*1;A:DGDJDN9*ID<*+=B*U*
+'1*UV!4#!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!56'0(!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!0'0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!5$#0!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!#0/!:A'0':2A!05*&'*'#0!'0*/&06)'$!
&#*2*'#0>!!!
C0*/&='/;6!;/&/!:#085:*/8!;'*)!$2&*':'$20*6!*#!8/*/&3'0/V!T]!$2&*':'$20*6_!62*'6B2:*'#0!
;'*)!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A.!+]!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!*)/!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!T+!
:#3$A/*/8!266/663/0*6!B&#3!`52A'B%'0(!$/&6#00/A!;)#!;#&@!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!*)/!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!!
S/B562A!&2*/.!208!=#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/6!;'AA!7/!*&2:@/8!7%!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!*#!
8/*/&3'0/!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A>!
o S/B562A!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!!
o X#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!
*
.P.PXP*1;A:DGC*
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8.!6:&//0/8.!208!/0&#AA/8!'0!#5&!6*58%>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;/&/!
'06*&5:*/8!*#!'8/0*'B%!$#*/0*'2A!266/66#&6.!$&#='8/!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!266/66#&6!;'*)!266/663/0*!A'0@6!
208!cS!:#8/6.!208!26@!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!266/66#&6!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!#0!*)/!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!7/)2AB>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;/&/!*)/0!'0*/&='/;/8!56'0(!2!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;!(5'8/!&/(2&8'0(!T]!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!T+!&2*/&!/=2A52*'#06.!+]!
62*'6B2:*'#0!;'*)!*)/!35A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!/=2A52*'#0!$&#:/66>!!
*
.P.PXPXP*&@<A=K=H@>AC_*<;K<E=AB;>A_*@>G*CK<;;>=>N!
Sample size, recruitment and participantsV!
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!B&#3!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!2:&#66!*)/!1#56*#0!2&/2!;#&@'0(!'0!2!:A'0':2A!
6/**'0(!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8!B#&!M'3!+>!K#&!&/:&5'*3/0*.!'0*/&06!;/&/!2$$&#2:)/8!85&'0(!*)/'&!
'0*/&06)'$!#&'/0*2*'#0!#&!85&'0(!*)/'&!&/(5A2&.!$&/Y6:)/85A/8!;//@A%!'0*/&06)'$!3//*'0(6!*#!
$2&*':'$2*/!'0!*)'6!6*58%>!"#0*2:*!;26!/6*27A'6)/8!7%!/32'A'0(!'0*/&06)'$!8'&/:*#&6!;'*)'0!*)/!
1#56*#0!2&/2>!C0*/&06)'$!8'&/:*#&6!$&#='8/8!*)/!UC!;'*)!*)/!#$$#&*50'*%!*#!6:)/85A/!2!*'3/!*#!
2**/08!#&'/0*2*'#0!#&!*#!6:)/85A/!2!*'3/!*#!2**/08!20!'0*/&06)'$!;//@A%!6/66'#0!B#&!*)/!$5&$#6/!
#B!:#085:*'0(!20!'0*&#85:*#&%!6/66'#0>!4)/!'0*&#85:*#&%!6/66'#0!$&#='8/8!'0*/&06!;'*)!
/85:2*'#0!27#5*!*)/!6*58%.!*)/!$&#:/85&2A!&/`5'&/3/0*6.!208!&/:&5'*3/0*!6*/$6>!P23$A/!6'J/!
;26!8/*/&3'0/8!*)&#5()!*)/32*':!62*5&2*'#0>!P2*5&2*'#0!#::5&6!;)/0!0#!0/;!*)/3/6.!'8/26.!
#$'0'#06.!#&!$2**/&06!2&/!B#508!;'*)!288'*'#02A!$2&*':'$20*6!208!82*2!:#AA/:*'#0>!M::#&8'0(!*#!2!
&/:/0*!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!#0!623$A/!6'J/6!B#&!62*5&2*'#0!'0!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:).!62*5&2*'#0!'6!
:#33#0A%!&/2:)/8!;'*)'0!2!&20(/!#B!eYTb!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!6*58'/6!:#085:*'0(!'08'='852A!
'0*/&='/;6!23#0(!2!&/A2*'=/A%!)#3#(/0#56!6*58%!$#$5A2*'#0!\1/00'0@!^!H2'6/&.!+,++]>!4)/!
$#$5A2*'#0!'0!#5&!6*58%!;26!&/A2*'=/A%!)#3#(/0#56!\8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!$2&*':'$20*'0(!'0!:A'0':2A!
&#*2*'#0!6'*/6!2:&#66!*)/!1#56*#0!2&/2].!6#!;/!/F$/:*/8!*#!&/2:)!62*5&2*'#0!;'*)!T+!$2&*':'$20*6!
\E20:26*/&.!+,,-]>!4)/&/B#&/.!;/!2'3/8!*#!&/:&5'*!T+!$2&*':'$20*6!75*!;/!&/2:)/8!62*5&2*'#0!
2B*/&!0'0/!!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!'0*/&='/;/8>!P2*5&2*'#0!;26!8/*/&3'0/8!56'0(!:#8/!B&/`5/0:%!
:#50*6!6*&2*/(%!\M08#!+,T-d!1/00'0@!+,+T.!*27A/!Z]>!4)'6!'0=#A=/8!/=2A52*'0(!/2:)!'0*/&='/;!7%!
:#50*'0(!*)/!0537/&!#B!0/;A%!/3/&('0(!*)/3/6!50*'A!2!8'3'0'6)'0(!*&/08!;26!8/*/:*/8>!N0:/!
0#!0/;!*)/3/6!;/&/!'8/0*'B'/8.!0#!0/;!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!/0&#AA/8>!N0A%!*;#!*)/3/6!/3/&(/8!
;'*)'0!*)/!B'&6*!B'=/!'0*/&='/;6!208!0#!0/;!*)/3/6!/3/&(/8!*)/&/2B*/&>!4#!2::#50*!B#&!2**&'*'#0.!
*)/!:#0*2:*!'0B#&32*'#0!B&#3!2AA!'0*/&06!;)#!6)#;/8!'0*/&/6*!;/&/!(2*)/&/8!85&'0(!
&/:&5'*3/0*!/BB#&*6.!208!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!6:&//0/8!208!/0&#AA/8!2*!2!B'&6*Y:#3/!B'&6*Y6/&=/8!
726'6!50*'A!*)/!(#2A6!#B!*)/!6*58%!;/&/!3/*>!!
!
ScreeningV!
4#!7/!'0:A58/8!'0!*)/!6*58%.!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!&/`5'&/8!*#!)2=/!2::/66!*#!2!:#3$5*/&!208!)2=/!
*/A/:#0B/&/0:/!:2$27'A'*'/6>!4)/%!)28!*#!7/!6:)/85A/8!*#!6*2&*!2!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!7/B#&/!*)/!/08!
#B!*)/'&!:5&&/0*!'0*/&06)'$>!C0*/&06!;)#!)28!2A&/28%!:#3$A/*/8!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#06!;/&/!0#*!
27A/!*#!$2&*':'$2*/!'0!*)/!6*58%>!4#!7/!/A'('7A/!B#&!$2&*':'$2*'#0.!'0*/&06!)28!*#!7/!;'AA'0(!*#!
:#3$A/*/!*)/!B#AA#;'0(!*26@6V!
Y C8/0*'B%'0(!/=2A52*#&6!B&#3!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!6'*/6!
Y S/`5/6*'0(!/A/:*&#0':!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!/=2A52*#&6!!
Y U2&*':'$2*'0(!'0!2!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!!
CB!'0*/&/6*/8!'0!$2&*':'$2*'0(!'0!*)/!6*58%.!'0*/&06!;/&/!26@/8!*#!288!*)/'&!023/6!*#!2!6'(0Y5$!
6)//*!85&'0(!*)/!&/:&5'*3/0*!208!'0*&#85:*#&%!6/66'#0!*)2*!;26!)/A8!2*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!6'*/6>!
C0*/&06!;)#!8/3#06*&2*/8!'0*/&/6*!'0!$2&*':'$2*'0(!'0!*)/!6*58%!;/&/!6:&//0/8!B#&!/A'('7'A'*%!
56'0(!*)/!27#=/!'0:A56'#0!:&'*/&'2>!4)#6/!;)#!;/&/!/A'('7A/!;/&/!*)/0!:#0*2:*/8!208!/0&#AA/8!'0!
*)/!6*58%>*
*
.P.PXPUP*&<DK;GE<;C*
C0*&#85:*#&%!'0Y$/&6#0!#&!='&*52A!(&#5$!6/66'#06!;/&/!)/A8!2*!*)/!*'3/!#B!&/:&5'*3/0*!#B!'0*/&06!
85&'0(!2!$&/Y6:)/85A/8!(&#5$!'0*/&06)'$!6/66'#0V!/'*)/&!85&'0(!*)/!'0*/&06_!#&'/0*2*'#0!#&!85&'0(!
#0/!#B!*)/!'0*/&06)'$_6!;//@A%!(&#5$!:)/:@Y'0!6/66'#06>!C0*/&06!;)#!6)#;/8!'0*/&/6*!'0!
$2&*':'$2*'0(!208!;)#!;/&/!/A'('7A/!*#!$2&*':'$2*/!;/&/!26@/8!*#!$&#='8/!*)/'&!:#0*2:*!
'0B#&32*'#0.!6'(0!:#06/0*!B#&36.!208!/0&#AA!'0!*)/!6*58%>!E'0@6!*)&#5()!c52A*&':6!rR!;/&/!2A6#!
$&#='8/8!B#&!:#06/0*!208!726/A'0/!8/3#(&2$)':!82*2!:#AA/:*'#0>!4)/!'0*&#85:*#&%!6/66'#0!
$&#='8/8!20!#=/&='/;!#B!*)/!6*58%!$5&$#6/.!$&#:/85&/6.!208!;)2*!'6!&/`5'&/8!#B!$2&*':'$20*6>!
4)/!'0*&#85:*#&%!6/66'#0!2A6#!$&#='8/8!6*/$Y7%Y6*/$!'06*&5:*'#06!B#&!*)/!*26@6!&/`5'&/8!
\'8/0*'B%'0(!266/66#&6.!&/`5/6*'0(!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!266/66#&6.!208!*&2:@'0(!266/663/0*!
:#3$A/*'#0]>!C0*/&06!;/&/!$&#='8/8!*)/!#$$#&*50'*%!*#!26@!`5/6*'#06!85&'0(!*)/!6/66'#0!208!
;/&/!/0:#5&2(/8!*#!&/2:)!#5*!*#!*)/!UC!'B!B5&*)/&!`5/6*'#06!#&!:A2&'B':2*'#06!:23/!5$!B#AA#;'0(!
*)/!/85:2*'#02A!6/66'#0>!4)/!UC!*)/0!6/0*!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6!20!/32'A!*)2*!)26!'06*&5:*'#06.!2!A'0@.!
208!2!cS!:#8/!B#&!*)/!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A>!C0*/&06!;/&/!'06*&5:*/8!*#!'8/0*'B%!T+!
)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!*)/%!'0*/&2:*/8!;'*)!85&'0(!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!208!26@!*)/3!*#!
:#3$A/*/!*)/!/=2A52*'#0!#0!*)/'&!7/)2AB>!U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!*#!'8/0*'B%!*)/!T+!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!
*)2*!3//*!#0/!#B!*)/!B#AA#;'0(!(5'8/A'0/6V!
Y P5$/&='6#&%!$/&6#00/AV!!
o 4)'6!:#06*'*5*/6!$/&6#00/A!;)#!8'&/:*A%!#76/&=/!208!8'&/:*!:A'0':2A!2:*'='*'/6!#B!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!2!;//@A%!726'6>!C*!'0:A58/6!$/&6#00/A!;)#!2&/!*/3$#&2&'A%!'0!2!
65$/&='6#&%!&#A/!208!;)#!2&/!#*)/&;'6/!0#*!:#06'8/&/8!65$/&='6#&6>!LF23$A/6!
'0:A58/.!75*!2&/!0#*!A'3'*/8!*#.!8'/*/*':!3202(/&6f8'&/:*#&6.!283'0'6*&2*#&6.!
/F/:5*'=/6.!B##8!6/&=':/!3202(/&6.!8'/*'*'206!;#&@'0(!'0!2!65$/&='6#&%!&#A/!
&/A2*'=/!*#!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!65:)!26!$&/:/$*#&.!$&#G/:*!65$/&='6#&6.!*/3$#&2&%!
65$/&='6#&6.!208!6)'B*!A/286>!!
Y E':/06/8!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!;)#!:#AA27#&2*/!;'*)!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!$2*'/0*!
3202(/3/0*!:26/6V!!
o 4)'6!:#06*'*5*/6!A':/06/8!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!65:)!26!$)%6':'206.!05&6/6.!6$//:)!
*)/&2$'6*6.!$)2&32:'6*6.!208!#*)/&!8'/*'*'206!0#*!6/&='0(!2!65$/&='6#&%!&#A/>!
Y L=2A52*#&6!;)#!65$$#&*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06V!
o 4)'6!:#06*'*5*/6!$/&6#00/A!;)#!65$$#&*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!27'A'*%!*#!$&#='8/!$2*'/0*!
:2&/!208!&/:/'=/!(5'820:/f'06*&5:*'#06!B&#3!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06V!65:)!26!65$$#&*!
6*2BB.!8'/*/*':!*/:)0':'206.!/*:>!!
C0!288'*'#0.!'0*/&06!;/&/!'06*&5:*/8!*#V!
Y 4&2:@!&/B562A!&2*/!7%!8#:53/0*'0(!)#;!320%!$#*/0*'2A!266/66#&6!*)/%!2$$&#2:)/8!
7/B#&/!(/**'0(!2!*#*2A!#B!T+!266/66#&6!*#!2(&//!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!RPK!Za,o!266/663/0*!
*##A>!
Y 4&2:@!)#;!320%!266/66#&6!2(&//8!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!266/663/0*!208!;/&/!6/0*!*)/!
/=2A52*'#0!*#!:#3$A/*/!'*>!
Y P:)/85A/!2!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;!;)/&/!*)/%!$&#='8/!206;/&6!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!
B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!266/663/0*6!B&#3!/=2A52*#&6>!D5&'0(!*)/!'0*/&='/;.!
$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!2A6#!26@/8!;)/*)/&!#&!0#*!*)/%!;/&/!62*'6B'/8!;'*)!*)/!266/663/0*!
*##A!208!$&#:/66>!
MAA!6/:*'#06!#B!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!;/&/!:#3$A/*/8!7%!266/66#&6!/A/:*&#0':2AA%!56'0(!
c52A*&':6!rR!o!208!6573'**/8!8'&/:*A%!*#!*)/!UC!#B!*)'6!$&#G/:*!5$#0!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!*)/!'0*/&0_6!
:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0>!4)/!:#0*/0*!#B!*)/!266/663/0*6!;26!56/8!6#A/A%!B#&!202A%6'6!#B!#5*:#3/6!
6$/:'B'/8!'0!*)'6!6*58%!208!;/&/!0#*!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/!$/&B#&320:/!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#&!*#!
`52A'B%!*)/3!B#&!$&#(&/66!'0!*)/'&!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236>!!
!
P/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;/&/!:#085:*/8!;'*)!$2&*':'$20*6!='&*52AA%!*)&#5()!n##3!2*!*)/!
:#0:A56'#0!#B!*)/!6*58%!*#!'0=/6*'(2*/!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!T+!/=2A52*'#06.!
208!*#!8/*/&3'0/!62*'6B2:*'#0!;'*)!*)/!266/663/0*!*##A!208!$&#:/85&/6>!4)/!B#AA#;'0(!6/3'Y
6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;!(5'8/!;26!56/8V!!
Y D/6:&'7/!%#5&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!208!/F$/&'/0:/>!
Further probing may include asking about acuity/type of patient
population, number of patients managed daily, length of rotation, etc.
Y 1#;!320%!$#*/0*'2A!/=2A52*#&6!8'8!%#5!'0='*/j!
Y Q)2*!;/&/!*)/!72&&'/&6!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06j!
Y Q)2*!;/&/!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06j!!
Y D/6:&'7/!%#5&!/F$/&'/0:/!;'*)!*)/!RPKZa,!/=2A52*'#0!208!$&#:/66>!
Were you satisfied with the multisource assessment? Why?
*
.P.PUP.P*+>@J9C=C*&J@>*
C0*/&='/;6!;'*)!$2&*':'$20*6!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!RPKZa,o!266/663/0*!*##A!$&#*#*%$/!
;/&/!&/:#&8/8!208!*&206:&'7/8!*)&#5()!n##3>!4&206:'$*'#0!;26!&/='/;/8!208!/8'*/8!7%!*)/!UC!
*#!:#&&/:*!6#B*;2&/!*&206:&'$*'#0!/&&#&6>!K'02A!*&206:'$*6!;/&/!:#8/8!56'0(!M4EMP>*'!+-!o>!
4)/32*':!202A%6'6!'6!56/8!'0!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:)!*#!'8/0*'B%'0(!$2**/&06!'0!3/20'0(!208!B'08!
*)/3/6!\<##8/AA!/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!C085:*'=/!*)/32*':!202A%6'6!;26!:#085:*/8!7%!*)/!UC!56'0(!9&250!
208!"A2&@_6!a!6*/$!*)/32*':!202A%6'6V!T]!K23'A'2&'J2*'#0!#B!82*2.!+]!'0'*'2A!:#8'0(.!Z]!(/0/&2*'0(!
*)/3/6.!-]!&/='/;'0(!*)/3/6.![]!8/B'0'0(!208!023'0(!*)/3/6.!208!a]!'0*/&$&/*2*'#0!208!
&/$#&*'0(>!D/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!;/&/!(/0/&2*/8!*#!8/*/&3'0/!B/26'7'A'*%!\9&250!^!"A2&@/.!+,,a]>!
!
! !
VP*5?+&,"4*VO*+'1*X*4"-2$,-*+(!*!'-52--'%(!
MCR!TV!4#!8/=/A#$!20!RPK!Za,o!*##A!*)2*!32%!7/!56/8!*#!/=2A52*/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!#0!2!
:#3$&/)/06'=/!A'6*!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!'0:A58'0(!:#AA27#&2*'#0Y&/28'0/66!208!
:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!
S/6/2&:)!`5/6*'#0V!;)2*!3/265&27A/!208!#76/&=27A/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!)/2A*):2&/!
$/&6#00/A!=2A5/!'0!05*&'*'#0!208!8'/*/*':6!$&#B/66'#02A6!$&2:*':'0(!23#0(!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6j!*
*
VPXP*+=B*X*4;CEJAC**
*
M!$&/8#3'020*A%!B/32A/!623$A/!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!;'*)!3'F/8!/*)0':!208!&2:'2A!72:@(&#508!
&/$&/6/0*'0(!8'BB/&/0*!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#06!;26!&/:&5'*/8>!P//!427A/!T!B#&!623$A/!8/6:&'$*'#0>!!
!
,@FJ;*XV!P23$A/!8/6:&'$*'#0!#B!$2&*':'$20*6_!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!!
!
#+4'+7$"*
Z>[*
-;Q*
!
Female
g!
Male
T!
4@K;*^*"A:>=K=A9*
!
White
+!
Middle Eastern
Z!
White Hispanic
T!
African American
T!
Asian
T!
Unspecified
T!
?;@JA:K@<;*<DJ;`HDC=aD>*
!
Registered Nurse
+!
Registered Nurse Manager
T!
Wound Care Nurse
T!
Exercise Physiologist
T!
Speech Pathologist
T!
Physician
+!
Pharmacist, Director
T!
!
!
P//!427A/!Z!B#&!*)/3/6.!$2&*':'$20*6_!*)/3/!/08#&6/3/0*.!208!623$A/!`5#*/6!208!B'08'0(6!
B&#3!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!Q)/0!$&/6/0*/8!;'*)!`5/6*'#06!&/(2&8'0(!;)2*!32@/6!2!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!208!:#3$/*/0*!8'/*'*'20.!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!&/6$#08/8!;'*)!206;/&6!*)2*!B'*!*)/!
B#AA#;'0(!B'=/!*)/3/6V!!
Theme 1: Knowing One’s Role Within the Context of the Multidisciplinary Team
MAA!$2&*':'$20*6!\0se]!/08#&6/8!*)'6!*)/3/!;)'A/!&/6$#08'0(!*#!#$/0Y/08/8.!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;!`5/6*'#06!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!6@'AA6!208!2**&'75*/6!*)2*!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!8'/*'*'206!6)#5A8!
$#66/66>!"#8/6!;/&/!(&#5$/8!*#(/*)/&!508/&!*)'6!*)/3/_6!537&/AA2!:/0*/&/8!2&#508!2!
8'/*'*'20_6!2;2&/0/66!#B!*)/!6:#$/!#B!*)/!&#A/!#B!#*)/&!)/2A*):2&/!;#&@/&6!'0!20!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/23.!2;2&/0/66!#B!*)/!6:#$/!#B!*)/!&#A/!#B!*)/!8'/*'*'20.!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!#;0!
#0/_6!&#A/.!208!@0#;'0(!*)/!A'3'*6!26!;/AA!26!*)/!6*&/0(*)6!#B!*)/!&#A/>!!
!
Theme 2: Effective Communication
NB!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6.!/'()*!/08#&6/8!/BB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!85&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6>!"#8/6!;/&/!(&#5$/8!*#(/*)/&!508/&!*)'6!*)/3/_6!537&/AA2!'0:A58/8!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!
2&*':5A2*/!:A'0':2A!#$'0'#06f@0#;A/8(/f266/663/0*.!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!:#3350':2*/!/BB':'/0*A%!208!
65::'0:*A%!56'0(!;&'**/0!208!#&2A!3/206.!7/'0(!20!2:*'=/!A'6*/0/&.!208!&/6$#06'=/!'0!
:#3350':2*'#0!;'*)!#*)/&6>!!
!
Theme 3: Clinical Knowledge and Expertise
NB!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6.!/'()*!/08#&6/8!"A'0':2A!H0#;A/8(/!208!LF$/&*'6/!85&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y
6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!"#8/6!;/&/!(&#5$/8!*#(/*)/&!508/&!*)'6!*)/3/_6!537&/AA2!:/0*/&/8!
2&#508!)2='0(!6$/:'2A'J/8!:A'0':2A!05*&'*'#0!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/.!)2='0(!7&#28!='/;!208!
@0#;A/8(/!7/%#08!05*&'*'#0.!208!)2='0(!*)/!@0#;A/8(/!*#!*&/2*!3/8':2AA%!8'=/&6/!$#$5A2*'#06>!!
Theme 4: Speaking with Certainty
NB!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6.!6'F!/08#&6/8!P$/2@'0(!;'*)!"/&*2'0*%!85&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6>!"#8/6!;/&/!(&#5$/8!*#(/*)/&!508/&!*)'6!*)/3/_6!537&/AA2!:/0*/&/8!2&#508!
266/&*'=/0/66.!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!6$/2@!5$!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%.!27'A'*%!*#!6)2&/!#$'0'#06!/=/0!'B!*)/%!2&/!
8'BB/&/0*!B&#3!*/23!3/37/&6!;'*)!)'()/&!&20@6.!208!8'6$A2%'0(!:#0B'8/0:/>!!
!
Theme 5: Effective Team Player!
NB!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6.!B'=/!/08#&6/8!LBB/:*'=/!4/23!UA2%/&!85&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!
'0*/&='/;6>!"#8/6!;/&/!(&#5$/8!*#(/*)/&!508/&!*)'6!*)/3/_6!537&/AA2!:/0*/&/8!2&#508!*)/!
27'A'*%!*#!;#&@!;'*)!#*)/&6!*#;2&8!2!:#33#0!(#2A.!*)/!;'AA'0(0/66!*#!;#&@!;'*)!#*)/&6.!208!*)/!
27'A'*%!*#!&/:#(0'J/!208!:2&&%!*)/!6)2&/8!&/6$#06'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!*/23>!
**
C0*/&$&/*'=/!X2A'8'*%!
R/37/&!:)/:@'0(!;26!:#085:*/8!;'*)!*)&//!$2&*':'$20*6!\ZZk!#B!*)/!623$A/]!*#!/065&/!
'0*/&$&/*'=/!=2A'8'*%>!C0*/&='/;!*&206:&'$*6!;/&/!$&'0*/8!208!('=/0!*#!$2&*':'$20*6!*#!&/='/;>!
U2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!*#!l*)#&#5()A%!&/28!*)/'&!206;/&6!*#!*)/!'0*/&='/;!`5/6*'#06!208!
8/*/&3'0/!;)/*)/&!#&!0#*!*)/!206;/&6!&/BA/:*!*)/'&!*)#5()*6_>!MAA!*)&//!$2&*':'$20*6!:#0B'&3/8!
*)/!:#0*/0*!#B!*)/!*&206:&'$*6!&/BA/:*!*)/'&!*)#5()*6>!N0/!3/37/&!28G56*/8!#0/!6/0*/0:/!7%!
288'0(!A20(52(/.!/F$208'0(.!208!:A2&'B%'0(!;)2*!*)/%!3/20*!7%!h7/!27A/!*#!:#50*!#0!*)/3i>!4)/!
6*2*/3/0*!*)2*!*)/!$2&*':'$20*!288/8!;26!h7/!27A/!*#!:#50*!#0!*)/3!*#!8#!;/AA!'0!*)/'&!&#A/!
7/:256/!*)/'&!&#A/!:#=/&6!6#3/*)'0(!;/!2&/!0#*!*&2'0/8!#0.!75*!;/!@0#;!'*!;'AA!2BB/:*!*)/!
$2*'/0*_6!#5*:#3/>!P#.!'*!'6!'3$#&*20*!B#&!#5&!(#2A6!*##!B#&!*)/3!8#!;/AA!'0!*)/'&!#;0i>!O#!#*)/&!
:)20(/6!;/&/!328/!7%!$2&*':'$20*6>!
!
! !
,@FJ;*UV!4)/3/6.!$2&*':'$20*6_!*)/3/!/08#&6/3/0*.!208!623$A/!`5#*/6!
!
!"#$#%&&
'($)#*&+,&
-.*/0102.3/%&
435+*%036&4.1"&
!"#$#&738&
9.$2:#&;(+/#%&
!"#$%"&'('
#$"%"&'#")*+',#-)'
$%./%"'./)'0#".)1.'
#2'./)'
34-.%5%+0%6-%"7,8'
.)73'
9'
:!"#$%"&'$/7.');),8#")')-+)'5#)+'7,#4"5'8#4<'
:!"#$%"&'$/7.'8#4'="#$'7"5'$/7.'8#4'5#'"#.'="#$<'
:>7;)'+#3)'="#$-)5&)'7?#4.'$/7.'#./),'6)#6-)*+'+0#6)+'7,)<'
:@"5),+.7"5%"&'$/7.',#-)'8#4'6-78'?4.'7-+#'$/7.',#-)'#./),+'6-78<'
:!"#$%"&'$/7.'8#4'="#$'7"5'="#$%"&'$/7.'8#4,'-%3%.+'7,)<'
:A#B'8#4'="#$B'8#4'-)7,"'2,#3'#./),'6)#6-)C+')16),.%+)B'7"5'8#4'0#36-)3)".')70/'
#./),'7+'67,.'#2'7'&,#46<'
:!"#$%"&'$/7.'#./),'6)#6-)'+/#4-5'?)'37"7&%"&'7"5'$/7.'./)8'7,)')16),.+'%"<'
:D#36-)3)".')70/'#./),'.#',)70/'./)'0#33#"'&#7-<'
:E'.)73'3)3?),'.7=%"&'./)'%"64.'2,#3'5%22),)".'?70=&,#4"5'#2')16),.%+)'7"5'4+%"&'%.'.#'
#6.%3%F)'07,)'2#,'./)'67.%)".<'
:!"#$%"&'$/7.'8#4'="#$'7"5'$/7.'#./),+'07"'#22),'2#,'./)'?)+.'#2'./)'67.%)".<'
:G)'7?-)'.#'0#4".'#"'./)3'.#'5#'$)--'%"'./)%,',#-)'?)074+)'./)%,',#-)'0#;),+'+#3)./%"&'
$)'7,)'"#.'.,7%")5'#"B'?4.'$)'="#$'%.'$%--'722)0.'./)'67.%)".*+'#4.0#3)H'A#'%.'%+'
%36#,.7".'2#,'#4,'&#7-+'.##'2#,'./)3'.#'5#'$)--'%"'./)%,'#$"<'
I22)0.%;)'
0#334"%07.%#"'
J'
:A#'+#3)#")'$/#'07"'-##='7.'7'67.%)".B'7++)++'./)'%"2#,37.%#"'7"5'37=)'./)%,'
6,#2)++%#"7-'K45&3)".+'7"5'?)'7?-)'.#'+/7,)'./#+)'$%./'#./),+<'
:L6)"'.#'/)7,%"&'$/7.'#./),'6)#6-)'+78<'
:E'.)73'3)3?),'.7=%"&'./)'%"64.'2,#3'5%22),)".'?70=&,#4"5'#2')16),.%+)'7"5'4+%"&'%.'
7"5'./)'07,)'#2'./)'67.%)".<'
:A/7,%"&'#6%"%#"+<'
:E0.%;)'-%+.)"),<'
:E-$78+'0#334"%07.%"&H'M'./%"='./7.'%+';),8'%36#,.7".'.##B'"#.'K4+.'64..%"&'7'"#.)'%"'./)'
0/7,.'$/)"'8#4'+))'./)'67.%)".B'?4.'&#%"&'7?#;)'7"5'?)8#"5'2#,'./)'67.%)".'.#'
0#334"%07.)'6-7"+H'N)'7,)'7--'?4+8'7"5'%.'%+'K4+.';),8'/7,5'.#',)75');),8'+%"&-)'"#.)'
./7.'$7+'5,#66)5'#"'7'67.%)".'0/7,.H'G4.'378?)'0#334"%07.%"&'%"'7'-%")'#,'.$#'$/7.'
7,)'./)'2%"5%"&+B')+6)0%7--8'%"'7"8./%"&'./7.'$%--'722)0.'38',#-)'6),+#"7--8'$/)"'M'#,5),'
38'OPQB'-%=)'./%+'%+'$/7.'M'./%"=B'./%+'%+'38'&#7-B'M'./%"='/)'%+'/%&/',)2))5%"&B').0H<'
D-%"%07-'
!"#$-)5&)'7"5'
I16),.%+)'
J'
:R)2%"%.)-8'$/)"'8#4'+78'0#36).)".'./)'2%,+.'./%"&'8#4'./%"='7?#4.'%"'#4,'$#,-5'%+'
0-%"%07-'+=%--'7"5'0-%"%07-'="#$-)5&)<'
:>7;%"&')"#4&/'="#$-)5&)'.#'3)).'./)'67.%)".+*'"))5+<'
:G)%"&'46'.#'57.)'#"'./%"&+'?)074+)'./%"&+'=))6'0/7"&%"&')+6)0%7--8'2#,'#4,'07"0),'
67.%)".'6#64-7.%#"B'-%=)'$/7.'%+',)0#33)"5)5'%"'.),3+'#2'+466-)3)".+<'
:!"#$'/#$'.#'7++)++'./)'"4.,%.%#"7-'+.7.4+'./7.'%+'="#$"'.#'?)'+#'%36#,.7".'2#,'
.,7"+6-7".'67.%)".+<'
:P,#;%5%"&')16),.%+)'#"'./%"&+'./7.'$)B'7+'5#0.#,+'#,');)"'MD@'6/8+%0%7"+B'7,)'"#.',)7--8B'
M'$#4-5'+78B'%.'%+'#")'#2'./)'$)7=")++)+'./7.'$)'/7;)'%"'.),3+'#2'7++)++%"&'./)'
"4.,%.%#"7-'"))5+'7"5'7--<'
A6)7=%"&'$%./'
0),.7%".8'
S'
:D#"2%5)"0)'.#'"#.'#"-8'$#,='$%./'./)'&,#46'7,#4"5'8#4B'?4.'.#'7-+#'=))6'./%"&+'
46,%&/.'7"5'+.,7%&/.2#,$7,5'%"');),8'$78'8#4'07"'6),0)%;)'./7.<'
:O/)8'7,)'"#.'72,7%5'.#'&#'#"'./)'?,7"0/H'O/)8'7,)'0#36).)".')"#4&/'.#'="#$'./)'
?70=&,#4"5B'7"5'"#.'#"-8'$/7.'8#4'7,)'.,8%"&'.#'6#,.,78'.#'./)'34-.%64,6#+)'.)73T'O#'
3)'0#36).)".'%+'?7+%07--8'"#.'?70=%"&'5#$"T'U./%+'%+'$/7.'%+',%&/.*T'7"5'./)8'+.7"5'
?)/%"5'%.H'O/7.'.#'3)'+/#$+'./)8'7,)'0#36).)".<'
:D#"2%5)"0)<'
:P,%3)')1736-)'$7+'-%=)'$/)"'M'$7+'$#,=%"&'$%./'5%).%.%7"+'#"'./)'2-##,'7"5'./)'5#0.#,'
#,5),)5'OPQB'./)'5%).%.%7"'$)".'?70='7"5'+7%5'U./%+'%+'./)'?)+.',)0#33)"57.%#"'2#,'./)'
67.%)".'0#"+%5),%"&'./)+)'7,)'./)'-7?';7-4)+'./7.'$)'7,)'-##=%"&'7.*<'
:Q#.'72,7%5'.#'-%=)')5407.)<'
I22)0.%;)'.)73'
6-78),'
V'
:N7".'.#'?)'7'.)73'6-78),'.#'./)'?)..),3)".'#2'./)'.)73H'U>#$'07"'$)'37=)'./%+'
?)..),W'>#$'07"'$)'?)'67,.'#2'./7.'270).'#2'37=%"&'%.'?)..),'2#,'./)'$/#-)'.)73W*<'
:N)'$#,='.#&)./),'#"'5%22),)".'7+6)0.+'7"5'+/7,)',)+6#"+%?%-%.8<'
:E?-)'.#'$#,='7+'67,.'#2'7'.)73'#2'%".),5%+0%6-%"7,8'+.722<'
:A#'?)%"&',)758'.#'$#,='$%./'#./),'6)#6-)'7"5'8#4'="#$B'-%=)'"#.'$7".'.#'$#,='?8'
8#4,+)-2<'
:M.'3)7"+'M'$#"*.'?)'$#,=%"&'7-#")B'M'$%--'?)'$#,=%"&'$%./'+);),7-'%"5%;%547-+H'A#'%.'
3)7"+'./7.'%.'%+'3#,)'./7"'38+)-2B'+#'%.'$%--'?)'$%./'7'.)73'#2'6)#6-)'.#'+),;)'
+#3)./%"&'#,'700#36-%+/'+#3)./%"&H<'
*
*
U&/Y/F'6*'0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!OM"L!208!CUL!6*2082&86!;/&/!3/&(/8!;'*)!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6!
B&#3!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0*#!#0/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!A'6*>!4)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!*)/0!
$&/6/0*/8!*#!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6!;)#!;#&@!'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!8'/*'*'206!*#!&2*/!/2:)!
:#3$/*/0:%!#0!;)/*)/&!'*!'6!266/66'7A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!=2A527A/!B&#3!/2:)!)/2A*)!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*>!D/:'6'#0!*#!&/*2'0!#&!&/3#=/!/2:)!:#3$/*/0:%!;26!
328/!726/8!#0!&2*'0(6!208!`52A'*2*'=/!'0*/&='/;6!B&#3!$2&*':'$20*6>!926/8!#0!*)/!8/:'6'#0!
&2*'#02A/.!2AA!CUL!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!&/*2'0/8>!NB!*)/!/'()*!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!6'F!;/&/!
&/*2'0/8!208!*;#!;/&/!&/3#=/8!\:2&//&!3202(/3/0*!208!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%]>!NB!*)/!6/=/0!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!*)/!:&'*':2A!*)'0@'0(f$&#7A/3!6#A='0(!:2*/(#&%.!B#5&!;/&/!&/*2'0/8!208!*)&//!
;/&/!&/3#=/8>!NB!*)/!6/=/0!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!#&2Af;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#06.!B'=/!;/&/!
&/*2'0/8!208!*;#!;/&/!&/3#=/8!\7#*)!#B!;)':)!8'8!0#*!8'&/:*A%!&/BA/:*!:#3350':2*'#0!23#0(!
:#;#&@/&6]>!MAA!6/=/0!#B!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!*/23;#&@!;/&/!&/*2'0/8>!N0A%!#0/!#5*!#B!B'=/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!A/28/&6)'$!;26!&/*2'0/8>!NB!*)/!B'=/!:#3$*/0:'/6!#0!$&#B/66'#02A'63f;#&@!
/*)':.!*;#!;/&/!&/*2'0/8>!4)/!:#3$/*/0:%!#0!=2A5/6f/*)':6!B#&!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/!;26!
&/*2'0/8>!O#0/!#B!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!:2&//&!3202(/3/0*!;/&/!&/*2'0/8!\,f+]>!MAA!#B!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!(A#72Af'0*/&:5A*5&2A!BA5/0:%!;/&/!&/*2'0/8!\-f-]>!MAA!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!
&#A/6f&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/!;/&/!&/*2'0/8!\ZfZ]>!4)/!:#3$/*/0:%!#0!8'('*2A!
*/:)0#A#(%!;26!&/3#=/8>!!
P//!427A/!Z!B#&!8/:'6'#0!*27A/!208!8/6:&'$*'=/!B'08'0(6!B&#3!:#3$/*/0:'/6_!&2*'0(6!7%!
$2&*':'$20*6>!
*
*
,@FJ;*.V!D/:'6'#0!*27A/!B#&!&/*2'0'0(!#&!&/3#='0(!:#3$/*/0:'/6!726/8!#0!&2*'0(6!7%!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!\0se]!#0!;)/*)/&!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!#76/&=27A/.!266/6627A/.!208!=2A527A/!B&#3!*)/'&!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*!
!
<#3#*.:&=+$2#/#31>&
=./#6+*>!
=+$2#/#31>&?&9+(*1#!
@&+,&2.*A102.3/%&
B"+&.3%B#*#5&
C#%&,+*&
DH%%#%%.):#G&
738!
@&+,&2.*A102.3/%&
B"+&.3%B#*#5&C#%&
,+*&DI.:(.):#&,*+$&
2*+,#%%0+3G%&
%/.352+03/G&738!
91+*#&
7@&+,&2.*A102.3/%&
B"+&*#2+*/#5&/"#&
:0%/#5&1+$2#/#31>&
B.%&+)%#*F.):#J&
.%%#%%.):#J&.35&
F.:(.):#8&
3&7K8!
L#10%0+3&
?&M.A+3.:#!
=*0A1.:&/"03N036O&
2*+):#$&%+:F036&
'H=4a'I1),0%+)'+#4"5'
,)7+#"%"&'.#'7"7-8F)'%++4)+B'
37=)'5)0%+%#"+B'7"5'#;),0#3)'
6,#?-)3+H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'%+'7?-)'
.#'#?.7%"B'%".),6,).B'7"5'4+)'
="#$-)5&)B'270.+B'7"5'57.7'%"'
./%+'6,#0)++B'7"5'378'
5)3#"+.,7.)'#,%&%"7-%.8'7"5'
%";)"X;)")++H&
Q&
P&
S'YSZ[\&
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\&
=ML'b&I;7-47.)')3),&%"&'
,)+)7,0/'2#,'766-%07X#"'%"'
"4.,%X#"'7"5'5%).)X0+'6,70X0)H&
S&
T&
`'Y``[\&
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\&
=ML'b&D#"540.'6,#K)0.+'4+%"&'
766,#6,%7.)',)+)7,0/'3)./#5+B'
)./%07-'6,#0)54,)+B'7"5'57.7'
7"7-8+%+H&
R&
U&
`'Y``[\&
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\&
=ML'b'M"0#,6#,7.)'0,%X07-'
./%"=%"&'+=%--+'%"'#;),7--'
6,70X0)H&
U&
P&
S'YSZ[\&
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\&
=ML'b'E66-8'04,,)".'"4.,%X#"'
%"2#,37X0+'.#'5);)-#6B'+.#,)B'
,).,%);)B'7"5'5%++)3%"7.)'
%"2#,37X#"'7"5'57.7H&
S&
Q&
b'Ybb[\&
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\&
=ML'b'E"7-8F)'c47-%.8B'
d"7"0%7-B'7"5'6,#540X;%.8'57.7'
2#,'4+)'%"'6-7""%"&H&
W&
U&
e'Yee[\&
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\&
=ML'b'E"7-8F)',%+='%"'"4.,%X#"'
7"5'5%).)X0+'6,70X0)H&
S&
Q&
`'Y``[\&
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\&
E*.:OX*0Y#3&
=+$$(301.A+3%&
'H=4a'E,X04-7.)'./#4&/.+'7"5'
%5)7+'0-)7,-8'7"5')f)0X;)-8'%"'
$,%g)"'7"5'#,7-'2#,3+'.#'
6),+#"+'%"+%5)'7"5'#4.+%5)'#2'
./)'#,&7"%F7X#"H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'
/7+'64?-%0'+6)7=%"&'+=%--+h'%+'
7?-)'.#')16,)++'%5)7+'.#'#./),+h'
7"5'07"'$,%.)i)5%.'3)3#+B'
-)g),+B'7"5'0#36-)1'.)0/"%07-'
,)6#,.+'0-)7,-8'7"5')f)0X;)-8H&
U&
P&
Z'YZJ[\'
'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
Z-=
c
''D#334"%07.)'$%./'
67X)".+B'273%-%)+B'
0#334"%X)+B'7"5'6,#2)++%#"7-+'
%"'/)7-./'7"5'#./),'d)-5+'%"'7'
,)+6#"+%;)'7"5',)+6#"+%?-)'
37""),'./7.'+466#,.+'7'.)73'
766,#70/'.#'./)'6,#3#X#"'7"5'
37%".)"7"0)'#2'/)7-./'7"5'./)'
6,);)"X#"'7"5'.,)7.3)".'#2'
5%+)7+)&
U&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)'
6,#2)++%#"7-'$,%X"&'+=%--+'%"'
6,)67,%"&'6,#2)++%#"7-'
0#334"%07X#"+H&
P&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)')f)0X;)'
0#334"%07X#"+'+=%--+'2#,'
0-%"%07-'7"5'04+.#3),'+),;%0)+'
%"'7';7,%).8'#2'2#,37.+'7"5'
+)j"&+H&
U&
U&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'R)+%&"B'%36-)3)".B'7"5'
);7-47.)'6,)+)".7X#"+'.#'7'
.7,&).'745%)"0)H&
U&
P&
`'Y``[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'R);)-#6'"4.,%X#"'
)5407X#"'37.),%7-+'./7.'7,)'
04-.4,7--8'7"5'7&)'766,#6,%7.)'
7"5'5)+%&")5'2#,'./)'-%.),708'
-);)-'#2'./)'745%)"0)H'&
U&
P&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R)-%;),',)+6)0k4-B'
+0%)"0)l?7+)5'7"+$),+'.#'0-%)".'
c4)+X#"+'0#"0),"%"&')3),&%"&'
.,)"5+H&
U&
P&
`'Y``[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
!#.$B+*N&
Z-=c'E66-8',)-7X#"+/%6l?4%-5%"&'
;7-4)+'7"5'./)'6,%"0%6-)+'#2'
.)73'58"73%0+'.#'6),2#,3'
)f)0X;)-8'%"'5%f),)".'.)73'
,#-)+'.#'6-7"B'5)-%;),B'7"5'
);7-47.)'67X)".i6#64-7X#"l
0)".),)5'07,)'7"5'6#64-7X#"'
/)7-./'6,#&,73+'7"5'6#-%0%)+'
./7.'7,)'+72)B'X3)-8B')m0%)".B'
)f)0X;)B'7"5')c4%.7?-)&
U&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
'H=4a'G4%-5'0#--7?#,7X;)'
,)-7X#"+/%6+'$%./'0#--)7&4)+'
7"5'04+.#3),+',)6,)+)"X"&'
5%;),+)'04-.4,)+B',70)+B'7&)+B'
&)"5),+B',)-%&%#"+B'-%2)+.8-)+B'
7"5';%)$6#%".+H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'
%+'7?-)'.#'$#,='$%./%"'7'.)73'
+.,40.4,)B'7"5'07"'")&#X7.)'
7"5'37"7&)'0#"n%0.H&
U&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)'70X;)'
67,X0%67X#"B'.)73$#,=B'7"5'
0#".,%?4X#"+'%"'&,#46'+)j"&+H&
U&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'o4"0X#"'7+'7'3)3?),'
#2'%".),6,#2)++%#"7-'.)73+H&
S&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)'
")&#X7X#"'+=%--+H&
U&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'N#,='0#--7?#,7X;)-8'
$%./'QRO]+'7"5i#,'+466#,.'
6),+#"")-'%"'#./),'5%+0%6-%")+&
P&
U&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)'./)'7?%-%.8'
.#',)+#-;)'0#"n%0.'&
Q&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
[#.5#*%"02&
'H=4
a
'p);),7&)'./)'+.,)"&./+'
#2'#./),+'.#'70/%);)'0#33#"'
&#7-+B'7"5'4+)'%".),6),+#"7-'
+=%--+'.#'0#70/'7"5'5);)-#6'
#./),+H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'%+'7?-)'.#'
7++)++'7"5'37"7&)'/%+'#,'/),'
)3#X#"+'7"5'./#+)'#2'#./),+h'
4+)')367./)X0'+=%--+'.#'&4%5)'
7"5'3#X;7.)h'7"5'#,&7"%F)B'
6,%#,%XF)B'7"5'5)-)&7.)'$#,=H&
Q&
U&
`'Y``[\'
'
'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'E++%&"'54X)+'.#'QRO]+'
7"5i#,'+466#,.'6),+#"")-'7+'
766,#6,%7.)H&
R&
U&
q'Yqq[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'E66-8'-)75),+/%6'+=%--+'
.#'70/%);)'5)+%,)5'#4.0#3)+H&
S&
Q&
`'Y``[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'P,70X0)'7"5i#,',#-)'
6-78'3)".#,%"&'7"5'6,)0)6X"&'
#./),+H&
R&
U&
`'Y``[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'@+)')f)0X;)')5407X#"'
7"5'0#4"+)-%"&'+=%--+'.#'
270%-%.7.)'?)/7;%#,'0/7"&)H&
R&
U&
`'Y``[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'aV_['?4.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
-*+,#%%0+3.:0%$O&
X+*N&4/"01&
'H=4a'R)3#"+.,7.)'6),+#"7-'
700#4".7?%-%.8'7"5')f)0X;)'
$#,='/7?%.+B')&B'64"0.47-%.8B'
$#,=%"&'6,#540X;)-8'$%./'
#./),+B'7"5'X3)'$#,=-#75'
37"7&)3)".B'7"5'4"5),+.7"5'
./)'%3670.'#2'"#";),?7-'
0#334"%07X#"'#"'6,#2)++%#"7-'
$#,='%37&)H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'
5)3#"+.,7.)+'%".)&,%.8'7"5'
)./%07-'?)/7;%#,B'70.+'
,)+6#"+%?-8'$%./'./)'%".),)+.+'
#2'./)'-7,&),'0#334"%.8'%"'
3%"5B'7"5'%+'7?-)'.#'-)7,"'2,#3'
/%+'#,'/),'3%+.7=)+H&
U&
T&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'P,70X0)'%"'0#36-%7"0)'
$%./'04,,)".'2)5),7-',)&4-7X#"+'
7"5'+.7.)'+.7.4.)+'7"5',4-)+B'7+'
766-%07?-)B'7"5'%"'700#,57"0)'
$%./'700,)5%.7X#"'+.7"57,5+'
7"5'./)'A0#6)'#2'Q4.,%X#"'7"5'
R%).)X0+'P,70X0)'7"5'D#5)'#2'
I./%0+'2#,'./)'P,#2)++%#"'#2'
Q4.,%X#"'7"5'R%).)X0+H&
S&
Q&
`'Y``[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'P7,X0%67.)'%"'
6,#2)++%#"7-'7"5'0#334"%.8'
#,&7"%F7X#"+H&
R&
S&
`'Y``[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'R)3#"+.,7.)'
6,#2)++%#"7-'7g,%?4.)+'%"'7--'
7,)7+'#2'6,70X0)H&
U&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'P),2#,3'+)-2l
7++)++3)".'7"5'5);)-#6'&#7-+'
R&
S&
q'Yqq[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
2#,'+)-2l%36,#;)3)".'
./,#4&/#4.'./)'6,#&,73H&
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
I.:(#%O#/"01%&,+*&
03/#*2*+,#%%0+3.:&
2*.1A1#&
Z-=c'N#,='$%./'%"5%;%547-+'#2'
#./),'6,#2)++%#"+'.#'37%".7%"'7'
0-%37.)'#2'34.47-',)+6)0.'7"5'
+/7,)5';7-4)+&
U&
P&
V'YVV[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=.*##*&\.3.6#$#3/&
&
'H=4a'M5)"X28'7"5'7,X04-7.)'
#")*+'+=%--+B'+.,)"&./+B'
="#$-)5&)B'7"5')16),%)"0)+'
,)-);7".'.#'./)'6#+%X#"'5)+%,)5'
7"5'07,)),'&#7-+B'7"5'%5)"X28'
7,)7+'")0)++7,8'2#,'
6,#2)++%#"7-'&,#$./H'O/)'
%"5%;%547-'%+'7?-)'.#'"7;%&7.)'
7"5')16-#,)'K#?'#6X#"+B'
4"5),+.7"5+'7"5'07"'.7=)'./)'
+.)6+'")0)++7,8'.#'64,+4)'
#66#,.4"%X)+B'7"5'4"5),+.7"5+'
/#$'.#'+)-2l75;#07.)'2#,'
#66#,.4"%X)+'%"'./)'$#,=6-70)H&
R&
U&
q'Yqq[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
=ML'b'P,)67,)'7'6-7"'2#,'
6,#2)++%#"7-'5);)-#63)".'
700#,5%"&'.#'D#33%++%#"'#"'
R%).)X0'])&%+.,7X#"'&4%5)-%")+H&
S&
S&
b'Ybb[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
<:+).:OZ3/#*1(:/(*.:&
]:(#31>&
'H=4a'r7-4)B',)+6)0.B'7"5'-)7,"'
2,#3'5%;),+)'04-.4,)+B',70)+B'
7&)+B'&)"5),+B'+)147-'
#,%)".7X#"+B'7"5',)-%&%#"+H'O/)'
%"5%;%547-'5)3#"+.,7.)+'
#6)"")++B'%"0-4+%;)")++B'
+)"+%X;%.8B'7"5'./)'7?%-%.8'.#'
%".),70.',)+6)0k4--8'$%./'7--'
6)#6-)'7"5'4"5),+.7"5'
%"5%;%547-+*'5%f),)"0)+H&
U&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'A/#$'04-.4,7-'
0#36).)"0)B'+)"+%X;%.8B'7"5'
S&
P&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
/43%-%.8'%"'%".),70X#"+'$%./'
0-%)".+B'0#--)7&4)+B'7"5'+.7fH&
=ML'b'P),2#,3'./)'Q4.,%X#"'
D7,)'P,#0)++'7"5'4+)'
+.7"57,5%F)5'"4.,%X#"'
-7"&47&)'2#,'%"5%;%547-+B'
&,#46+B'7"5'6#64-7X#"+'#2'
5%f),%"&'7&)+'7"5'/)7-./'
+.7.4+)+B'%"'7';7,%).8'#2'
+)j"&+H&
S&
T&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'R);)-#6'7"5');7-47.)'
,)0%6)+B'2#,34-7+B'7"5'3)"4+'
2#,'700)6.7?%-%.8'7"5'
7f#,57?%-%.8'./7.'700#33#57.)'
./)'04-.4,7-'5%;),+%.8'7"5'
/)7-./'"))5+'#2';7,%#4+'
6#64-7X#"+B'&,#46+B'7"5'
%"5%;%547-+H&
S&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
M+:#%O*#%2+3%0)0:0A#%&
,+*&1+::.)+*.AF#&
2*.1A1#&
Z-=c'@+)'./)'="#$-)5&)'#2'
#")*+'#$"',#-)'7"5'./#+)'#2'
#./),'6,#2)++%#"+'.#'
766,#6,%7.)-8'7++)++'7"5'
755,)++'./)'/)7-./'07,)'"))5+'
#2'67X)".+'7"5'.#'6,#3#.)'7"5'
75;7"0)'./)'/)7-./'#2'
6#64-7X#"+'&
S&
Q&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b'])2),'0-%)".+'7"5'
67X)".+'.#'#./),'6,#2)++%#"7-+'
7"5'+),;%0)+'$/)"'"))5+'7,)'
?)8#"5'%"5%;%547-'+0#6)'#2'
6,70X0)H'&
S&
P&
V'YVS[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
=ML'b&P,#3#.)'.)73'
%";#-;)3)".'7"5',)0#&"%F)'./)'
+=%--+'#2')70/'3)3?),H&
P&
Q&
S'YSZ[\'
]).7%"'0#36).)"08'
Y+0#,)'^V_[\'
L060/.:&!#1"3+:+6>&
'H=4a'p);),7&)')1%+X"&'5%&%.7-'
.)0/"#-#&%)+')./%07--8'7"5'
)m0%)".-8'.#'+#-;)'6,#?-)3+B'
0#36-).)'.7+=+B'7"5'700#36-%+/'
W&
Q&
q'Yqq[\'
])3#;)'
0#36).)"08'Y+0#,)'
aV_['('"#.'
&#7-+H'O/)'%"5%;%547-'
5)3#"+.,7.)+')f)0X;)'
7576.7?%-%.8'.#'")$'7"5'
)3),&%"&'.)0/"#-#&%)+H&
)"5#,+)5'%"'
%".),;%)$+\'
!
a D&2;0!B&#3*OM"L!:2&//&!&/28'0/66!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
b*D&2;0!B&#3*M"LOD!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!*
c*D&2;0!B&#3!CUL!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!!
VPUP*+=B*X*!=CKECC=D>***
4)/!$5&$#6/!#B!*)'6!6*58%!;26!*#!8/*/&3'0/!;)2*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!6@'AA6!2&/!=2A527A/.!
266/6627A/.!208!#76/&=27A/!B#&!8'/*'*'206!*#!)2=/!B&#3!*)/!6*208$#'0*!#B!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!:#AA27#&2*/!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!D2*2!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A!
;#&@'0(!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!8'/*'*'206!;26!(2*)/&/8!B&#3!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!208!B&#3!
&2*'0(6!#0!*)/!#76/&=27'A'*%.!266/66'7'A'*%.!208!=2A5/!#B!2!3/&(/8!A'6*!#B!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!6#B*!6@'AA!
:#3$/*/0:'/6>!"#3$/*/0:'/6!/08#&6/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!:/0*/&/8!2&#508!:#3350':2*'#0.!
*/23;#&@.!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%.!'0*/&:5A*5&2A!BA5/0:%.!:A2&'*%!208!#;0/&6)'$!#B!&#A/6!208!
&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6.!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0.!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66.!208!*/:)0':2A!:A'0':2A!
@0#;A/8(/>!N5&!&/65A*6!65((/6*!:5&&/0*!:#&/!M"LOD!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!0#*!:2$*5&/!2AA!*)/!6@'AA6!
0//8/8!B#&!(5'8'0(!*)/!266/663/0*!#B!:2&//&!&/28%!208!:#AA27#&2*'=/!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!!
!
VPUPXP +5"(!*KD<;*KDBH;A;>K=;C*GD*>DA*;>KDBH@CC*CH;@R=>N*]=A:*K;<A@=>A9**
P$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%!;26!2!*)/3/!*)2*!/3/&(/8!'0!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;'*)!
$2&*':'$20*6!\/08#&6/8!7%!6'F!#5*!#B!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6]!%/*!*)'6!:#3$/*/0:%!'6!276/0*!B&#3!*)/!
M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!P#3/!6*58'/6!#0!0#0Y8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!)2=/!'3$A'/8!*)'6!
*)/3/_6!&/A/=20:/!B#&!:A'0':2A!$&2:*':/!'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!*)/!:#3$A/F!)/2A*):2&/!)'/&2&:)':2A!
6%6*/36!\I#0/6!/*!2A>.!+,+Td!H'3!/*!2A>.!+,+,]>!P$/2@'0(!5$!'0!6/**'0(6!;'*)!'3$A':'*!#&!/F$A':'*!
)'/&2&:)':2A!6%6*/36!32%!6#3/*'3/6!&/`5'&/!:)2AA/0('0(!25*)#&'*%!208!6)2&'0(!#$'0'#06!*)2*!(#!
2(2'06*!*)/!(&2'0>!M!:#3$A/F!)'/&2&:)':2A!6%6*/3!/F'6*6!'0!)/2A*):2&/>!R20%!B2:*#&6!'0BA5/0:/!*)/!
$#6'*'#0!#B!20!'08'='852A!;'*)'0!*)/!)'/&2&:)%!#B!2!)/2A*):2&/!*/23>!K2:*#&6!:20!'0:A58/V!3/8':2A!
6$/:'2A*%.!65&(':2A!6$/:'2A*%.!6/F.!&2:/.!$/&6#02A'*%.!208!/85:2*'#0!#5*6'8/!*)/!:#50*&%!#B!
$&2:*':/!\<&//0!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!4)'6!:#0:/$*!'6!6//0!6#3/*'3/6!/F$A':'*A%!;'*)'0!3/37/&6!#B!*)/!
623/!$&#B/66'#0!\65:)!26!2*!8'BB/&/0*!A/=/A6!#B!*&2'0'0(]!#&!'3$A':'*A%!7/*;//0!3/37/&6!#B!
8'BB/&/0*!$&#B/66'#06!\65:)!26!726/8!#0!=2&'2*'#0!'0!'3$#&*20:/!#B!&#A/!&/A2*'=/!*#!)'()Y2:5'*%!
208!*'3/Y:&'*':2A!6'*52*'#06]>!4)/!)'/&2&:)':2A!8'BB/&/0:/!7/*;//0!20!/08#:&'0#A#(%!&/6'8/0*!208!
20!2**/08'0(!/08#:&'0#A#('6*!32%!7/!/26'/&!*#!8'6*'0(5'6)!*)20!*)/!)'/&2&:)':2A!26%33/*&%!
7/*;//0!20!/08#:&'0#A#('6*!208!2!05&6/>!1#;/=/&.!*#!*)/!*/23!;#&@'0(!*#(/*)/&.!*)'6!
8'BB/&/0:/!32%!7/!503'6*2@27A/!8/6$'*/!0#*!B#AA#;'0(!2!:A/2&!A'0/!#B!:#33208!\<&//0!/*!2A>.!
+,Tbd!P5&!/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!1/2A*):2&/!)'/&2&:)'/6!&/65A*!'0!8%6B50:*'#02A!:#3350':2*'#0!23#0(!
)/2A*):2&/!*/23!3/37/&6>!4)/!#::5&&/0:/!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!'0!#5&!6*58%!32%!7/!&/BA/:*'=/!#B!*)/!
$&#B/66'#02A!)'/&2&:)'/6!208!8'BB/&/0:/6!*)2*!2&/!:#33#0!'0!)/2A*):2&/!208!32%!$&/=/0*!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!2&/!0#*!$/&:/'=/8!*#!7/!2*!*)/!*#$!#B!*)/!)'/&2&:)%!B&#3!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!
:/&*2'0*%!\</&(/&':)!/*!2A>.!+,Ted!U20/A.!+,TTd!U2**0'!/*!2A>.!+,Ted!P5&!/*!2A>.!+,Ta]>!P$/:'B':2AA%.!
*)/!#::5&&/0:/!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!32%!7/!&/BA/:*'=/!#B!8'/*'*'206!$/&:/'=/8!*#!B2AA!2*!*)/!7#**#3!#B!
*)#6/!)'/&2&:)'/6.!'08':2*'0(!*)/!'3$#&*20:/!B#&!8'/*'*'206!*#!:2&&%!6@'AA6!*)2*!/027A/!*)/3!*#!
6$/2@!5$!8/6$'*/!*)/'&!:#3$&#3'6/8!$#6'*'#0>!E20(52(/!56/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6!'3$A'/8!*)2*!
8'/*'*'206!6)#5A8!)2=/!*)/!6@'AA6!*#!:)2AA/0(/!#*)/&!$&#B/66'#02A6.!6$/:'B':2AA%!$)%6':'206.!;)/0!
*)/%!8'62(&//!;'*)!05*&'*'#0!*&/2*3/0*!$A206!208!3202(/3/0*!B#&!$2*'/0*6>!!N0/!$2&*':'$20*/!
62'8.!h4)/%!2&/!0#*!2B&2'8!*#!(#!#0!*)/!7&20:)>!4)/%!2&/!:#3$/*/0*!/0#5()!*#!@0#;!*)/!
72:@(&#508.!208!0#*!#0A%!;)2*!%#5!2&/!*&%'0(!*#!$#&*&2%!*#!*)/!35A*'$5&$#6/!*/23t!4#!3/!
:#3$/*/0*!'6!726':2AA%!0#*!72:@'0(!8#;0t!l*)'6!'6!;)2*!'6!&'()*_t!208!*)/%!6*208!7/)'08!'*>!4)2*!
*#!3/!6)#;6!*)/%!2&/!:#3$/*/0*>i!M0#*)/&!$2&*':'$20*!62'8.!hU&'3/!/F23$A/!;26!A'@/!;)/0!C!
;26!;#&@'0(!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!#0!*)/!BA##&!208!*)/!8#:*#&!#&8/&/8!4UO.!*)/!8'/*'*'20!;/0*!72:@!
208!62'8!l*)'6!'6!*)/!7/6*!&/:#33/082*'#0!B#&!*)/!$2*'/0*!:#06'8/&'0(!*)/6/!2&/!*)/!A27!=2A5/6!
*)2*!;/!2&/!A##@'0(!2*_>i!
!
4)&/2*6!*#!$2*'/0*!62B/*%!208!#$*'32A!$2*'/0*!:2&/!:20!&/65A*!B&#3!*)/!'027'A'*%!*#!6$/2@!5$.!
6)2&/!#$'0'#06.!#&!7&#2:)!657G/:*6!*)2*!32%!7/!8'BB/&/0*!#&!:)2AA/0('0(!*#!#*)/&!3/37/&6!#B!
*)/!)/2A*):2&/!*/23>!P/=/&2A!&/$#&*6.!:26/6.!208!6*58'/6!)2=/!&/$#&*/8!28=/&6/!#5*:#3/6!
&/A2*/8!*#!*)'6!#76/&=/8!:#0:/$*!'0!)/2A*):2&/!\<&//0!/*!2A>.!+,Tbd!15&A/%!^!15*:)'06#0.!+,+,d!
P5&!/*!2A>.!+,Tad!P%8#&!/*!2A>.!+,T[]>!M8=/&6/!#5*:#3/6!&/A2*/8!*#!A2:@!#B!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0'*%!
;26!3#6*!0#*27A%!8#:53/0*/8!'0!*)/!)'()Y$&#B'A/!:26/!#B!R6>!LA2'0/!9&#3'A/%!;)/&/!*;#!05&6/6!
B2'A/8!*#!:)2AA/0(/!*)/!2'&;2%!3202(/3/0*!#B!*)/!20/6*)/6'#A#('6*6!8/6$'*/!@0#;'0(!*)/!
20/6*)/6'#A#('6*6!;/&/!0#*!B#AA#;'0(!*)/!:#&&/:*!:#5&6/!#B!2:*'#0>!S/$#&*6!8'66/:*'0(!208!
&/='/;'0(!*)/!6/`5/0:/!#B!/=/0*6!*)2*!A/8!*#!R6>!9&#3'A/%_6!8/2*)!B#508!7#*)!05&6/6!$266'=/A%!
208!'08'&/:*A%!2**/3$*/8!*#!:#3350':2*/!*)/'&!:#0:/&06!208!*#!'0'*'2*/!2A*/&02*'=/!
3202(/3/0*!$A206>!?/*.!*)/%!B/A*!'(0#&/8!208!/08/8!5$!B#AA#;'0(!*)/!)'/&2&:)%!#B!*)/!
#$/&2*'0(!*)/2*&/!*)2*!A/8!*#!*)/!*&2(':!8/2*)!#B!R6>!9&#3'A/%!\9&#3'A/%.!+,,g]>!<'=/0!*)/!
'3$#&*20:/!#B!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%!;)/0!;#&@'0(!'0!$2*'/0*!:2&/!3202(/3/0*!208!('=/0!*)/!
/08#&6/3/0*!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!:#3$/*/0*!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/.!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
&/BA/:*'0(!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%!6)#5A8!7/!288/8!*#!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!
*)2*!(5'8/!*)/!266/663/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!!
!
VPUPUP 5DBH;A;>K=;C*A:@A*@<;*HDD<J9*<;H<;C;>A;G*=>*+5"(!*KD<;*KDBH;A;>K9*CA@>G@<GC**
D5&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6.!$2&*':'$20*6!/08#&6/8!*)/3/6!*)2*!8#!0#*!2$$/2&!*#!7/!
;/AA!&/$&/6/0*/8!'0!*)/!:5&&/0*!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86>!4)/!/3/&('0(!*)/3/6!
#=/&A2$!;'*)!CUL!208!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!;)':)!;/&/!'0!*5&0!/08#&6/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6_!&2*'0(6>!
K#&!*)#6/!&/26#06.!CUL!208!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!&/$&/6/0*'0(!*)/6/!*)/3/6!;/&/!56/8!*#!/F$208!
*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!!
!
VPUPUPXP 8>D]=>N*@>G*D]>=>N*D>;bC*<DJ;*]=A:=>*A:;*KD>A;QA*DI*@*BEJA=G=CK=HJ=>@<9*A;@B*
4)/!*)/3/!/08#&6/8!7%!2AA!$2&*':'$20*6.!;'*)#5*!/F:/$*'#0.!;26!*)/!27'A'*%!*#!@0#;!#0/_6!&#A/!
;'*)'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!*)/!35A*'8'6:'$A'02&%!)/2A*)!:2&/!*/23!\427A/!+]>!U2&*':'$20*6!6*2*/8!*)'6!
*)/3/!;26!)'()A%!'3$#&*20*!B#&!8'/*'*'206!*#!508/&6*208!*)/'&!&#A/!;/AA!208!*#!508/&6*208!*)/!
&#A/!#B!#*)/&6!;)/0!:#AA27#&2*'0(!#0!$2*'/0*!:2&/>!4)'6!'0:A58/8!508/&6*208'0(!*)/!A'3'*2*'#06!
#B!*)/'&!#;0!&#A/!208!*)/!6:#$/!#B!*)/!&#A/!#B!#*)/&6>!4)'6!*)/3/!2A6#!'0:A58/8!7/'0(!27A/!*#!
:#50*!#0!#*)/&6_!27'A'*%!*#!$/&B#&3!;/AA!'0!*)/'&!#;0!&#A/>!U2&*':'$20*6!:#06'6*/0*A%!&2*/8!OM"L!
208!CUL!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!&/B/&/0:/!*)'6!*)/3/!26!#76/&=27A/.!266/6627A/.!208!=2A527A/!B&#3!
*)/'&!$&#B/66'#0_6!6*208$#'0*!\427A/!Z]>!
!
S/6/2&:)!#0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!;#&@!)26!A#0(!65$$#&*/8!*)/!'3$#&*20:/!#B!/6*27A'6)'0(!:A/2&A%!
8/B'0/8!&#A/6!208!&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6>!C0!Teg,.!E2&&%!E'6*/&!8'6*&'75*/8!2!`5/6*'#002'&/!*#!)/2A*):2&/!
$&#B/66'#02A6!B&#3!TZ!8'BB/&/0*!)/2A*)!$&#B/66'#06!208!B#508!*)2*!&#A/!/F$/:*2*'#06!B#&!
3/37/&6!#B!)/2A*)!:2&/!*/236!A2:@/8!:A2&'*%.!#=/&A2$$/8.!208!:#0BA':*/8>!P5*/&!/*!2A>!\+,,e]!
'0*/&='/;/8!a,!)/2A*)!:2&/!$&#='8/&6!B&#3!=2&'#56!8'6:'$A'0/6!*#!508/&6*208!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
*)2*!2&/!0//8/8!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/>!4)/!*#$!*)/3/!;26!B#508!*#!7/!508/&6*208'0(!208!
2$$&/:'2*'0(!$&#B/66'#02A!&#A/6!208!&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6.!B#AA#;/8!7%!:#3350':2*'0(!/BB/:*'=/A%>!
9&'8(/6!/*!2A!\+,TT]!B#508!65::/66B5A!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!&/`5'&/8!508/&6*208'0(!
#0/_6!#;0!&#A/!208!$&#B/66'#02A!'8/0*'*%!26!;/AA!508/&6*208'0(!*)/!&#A/!#B!#*)/&6!'0!2!)/2A*)!
:2&/!*/23>!M::#&8'0(!*#!2!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!7%!X26/()'!/*!2A!\+,++].!6*58'/6!*)2*!'0=#A=/8!
)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!208!)/2A*):2&/!6*58/0*6!$&#='8'0(!B//872:@!#0!/BB/:*'=/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'#0.!B#508!h*)/!:#3$/*/0:/!*)2*!)/A$6!/3$A#%//6!508/&6*208!*)/'&!
#;0!208!#*)/&6_!85*'/6!208!56/!#0/!20#*)/&_6!@0#;A/8(/!208!6@'AA6!*#!$/&B#&3!*)/!&'()*!*26@i!
;26!3#6*!'3$#&*20*>!N=/&2AA.!=2&'#56!6*58'/6!)2=/!/3$)26'J/8!*)/!'3$#&*20:/!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!B#&!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/>!1#;/=/&.!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!$&/='#56!6*58'/6!;/&/!3#6*A%!$)%6':'206.!
05&6/6.!#&!2!3'F*5&/!#B!*)/!*;#>!4)/!6*58'/6!#0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!&2&/A%!'0=#A=/8!
8'/*'*'206!#&!&/$#&*/8!#0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6_!&/A/=20:/!*#!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!N0A%!
#0/!6*58%!'0=#A=/8!35A*'Y8'6:'$A'02&%!$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!B//872:@!208!'0:A58/8!8'/*'*'206!\M062!/*!2A!
+,+,]>!?/*.!/=/0!'0!*)/!6*58%!7%!M062!/*!2A>!\+,+,].!*)/!25*)#&6!:#AA/:*/8!'0B#&32*'#0!#0!
2**'*58/6!*#;2&86!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!(/0/&2A.!75*!0#*!'0!*)/!:#0*/F*!#B!8'/*/*':!
$&2:*':/>!4)/!B//872:@!B&#3!$&/='#56!6*58'/6!;26!0#*!*2'A#&/8!*#!*)/!&#A/!#B!8'/*'*'206>!K&#3!*)/!
$/&6$/:*'=/!#B!:#AA27#&2*'0(!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6.!#5&!B'08'0(6!65$$#&*!*)/!7#8%!#B!
A'*/&2*5&/!*)2*!$#'0*6!*#!*)/!'3$#&*20:/!B#&!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!*#!@0#;!208!#;0!*)/'&!&#A/!;'*)'0!*)/!
:#0*/F*!#B!*)/!35A*'8'6:'$A'02&%!*/23>!P$/:'B':2AA%.!#5&!82*2!2886!$/&6$/:*'=/!#0!*)/!=2A5/!#B!
*)'6!:#3$/*/0:%!B#&!8'/*'*'206!;#&@'0(!'0!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!!
!
"5&&/0*A%!#0A%!*;#!:#3$/*/0:'/6!B&#3!*)/!M"LOD!M::&/8'*2*'#0!P*2082&86!\+,++]!B#&!
65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236!6//3!*#!B'*!508/&!*)/!537&/AA2!#B!#5&!6*58%_6!*)/3/V!!
"SDO!+>a!S/B/&!:A'/0*6!208!$2*'/0*6!*#!#*)/&!$&#B/66'#02A6!208!6/&=':/6!;)/0!0//86!2&/!
7/%#08!'08'='852A!6:#$/!#B!$&2:*':/>!
"SDO![>a!U&#3#*/!*/23!'0=#A=/3/0*!208!&/:#(0'J/!*)/!6@'AA6!#B!/2:)!3/37/&>!
4)/!*;#!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2&/!&/3#*/A%!&/A2*/8!*#!#5&!*)/3/.!8#!0#*!/0:#3$266!'*6!B5AA!6:#$/.!2&/!
=2(5/.!208!8#!0#*!:2&&%!6$/:'B':!8/*2'A6!&/(2&8'0(!;)2*!*)/!:#3$/*/0:%!'6!3/265&'0(>!K#&!
/F23$A/.!"SDO![>a!&/B/&6!*#!$&#3#*'0(!*/23!'0=#A=/3/0*!75*!8#/6!0#*!:A2&'B%!'B!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:%!'6!&/B/&&'0(!*#!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236!#&!*/236!;'*)'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!8/$2&*3/0*!
#0A%>!C0!288'*'#0.!7#*)!:#3$/*/0:'/6!8#!0#*!'0:A58/!20%!&/B/&/0:/!*#!&#A/!508/&6*208'0(!B#&!
#*)/&!$&#B/66'#06!#&!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/!'0!20!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/23>!N0!*)/!:#0*&2&%.!*)'6!
*)/3/!'6!/F$A':'*A%!208!*)#&#5()A%!8/6:&'7/8!'0!*)/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6V!W6/!*)/!
@0#;A/8(/!#B!#0/_6!#;0!&#A/!208!*)#6/!#B!#*)/&!$&#B/66'#06!*#!2$$&#$&'2*/A%!266/66!208!
288&/66!*)/!)/2A*)!:2&/!0//86!#B!$2*'/0*6!208!*#!$&#3#*/!208!28=20:/!*)/!)/2A*)!#B!
$#$5A2*'#06>!4)'6!6$/:'B':!:#3$/*/0:%!;26!&2*/8!26!266/6627A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!=2A527A/!7%!
$2&*':'$20*6>!Q'*)#5*!&#A/!:A2&'*%.!2!&'6@!B#&!'0*/&8'6:'$A'02&%!:#0BA':*.!(2$6!'0!6/&=':/6.!208!
500/:/662&%!85$A':2*'#0!#B!6/&=':/6!23#0(!3/37/&6!#B!)/2A*):2&/!*/236!;#&@'0(!*#(/*)/&!
;'*)#5*!&#A/!:A2&'*%!/F'6*6!\E'6*/&.!Teg,]>!P'3'A2&!#5*:#3/6!:#5A8!7/!#::5&&'0(!'0!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/!
'B!*)/!B5AA!6:#$/!#B!*)'6!:#3$/*/0:%!'6!0#*!:A/2&A%!:2$*5&/8!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!M88'0(!/F$A':'*!
208!:#3$&/)/06'=/!A20(52(/!'0*#!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!(5'8/!*)/!266/663/0*!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
208!/065&/!(&2852*'0(!8'/*'*'206!)2=/!2:`5'&/8!20!508/&6*208'0(!#B!*)/'&!#;0!208!#*)/&6_!
:A'0':2A!&#A/!'6!0/:/662&%>!M8#$*'0(!&/A/=20*!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!A20(52(/!B&#3!*)/!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!6*2082&86!6//36!*#!7/!2!=2A527A/!6*2&*'0(!$#'0*!B#&!/F$208'0(!208!28/`52*/A%!
:2$*5&'0(!*)'6!*)/3/>!K5*5&/!6*58'/6!6)#5A8!/F$A#&/!*)/!/F*/0*!#B!*)/!8/6:&'$*'#0!208!8/*2'A!
0//8/8!*#!=2A'8A%!266/66!*)'6!*)/3/!'0!8'/*/*':6>!
!
VPUPUPUP*"II;KA=L;*5DBBE>=K@A=D>**
LBB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!;26!*)/!6/:#08!3#6*!/08#&6/8!*)/3/!'0!#5&!6*58%!\/'()*!#5*!#B!0'0/!!
$2&*':'$20*6.!P//!427A/!+]>!R#6*!#B!*)/!8/6:&'$*'#0!$&#='8/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6!&/(2&8'0(!*)'6!
*)/3/!6$/:'B':2AA%!2AA58/8!*#!*)/!'3$#&*20:/!#B!:#3350':2*'0(!:A'0':2A!B'08'0(6!208!
266/663/0*6!/BB/:*'=/A%!*#!#*)/&6!208!*#!7/'0(!#$/0!*#!&/:/'='0(!'0B#&32*'#0!&/(2&8'0(!$2*'/0*6!
B&#3!#*)/&6>!C0!288'*'#0.!3#6*!#B!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!&/B/&&'0(!*#!:#3350':2*'#0!;/&/!&2*/8!26!
#76/&=27A/.!266/6627A/.!208!=2A527A/!7%!3#&/!*)20![,k!#B!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6!\427A/!Z]>!!
!
4)/!A'*/&2*5&/!2**/6*6!*#!*)/!:/0*&2A!&#A/!#B!/BB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!23#0(!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!'0!
:A'0':2A!6/**'0(6>!R20%!#B!*)/!6*58'/6!2**/6*!*#!/BB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!7/'0(!2!)'()A%!=2A5/8!
:#3$/*/0:%!B#&!:#3$/*/0*!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*':/!208!/BB/:*'=/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!
\M08/&6/0!/*!2A.!+,T,d!1/$$!/*!2A!+,T[d!42*2;!/*!2A!+,TTd!M062!/*!2A!+,+,d!Q'AA/36!+,TZd!P5*/&!
+,,e]>!C*!)26!A#0(!7//0!:#06'8/&/8!20!/66/0*'2A!6@'AA!B#&!=2&'#56!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#06!;#&@'0(!
*#(/*)/&!#0!$2*'/0*!3202(/3/0*>!N5&!6*58%!:#0B'&36!'*6!;/'()*!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/>!!
!
"#3350':2*'#0Y:/0*/&/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2A&/28%!/F'6*!'0!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!
\"SDO!+>+.!Z>Z.!Z>-.!Z>[.!Z>g]!B#&!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!/=2A52*'#0!!\H#/3/A!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!1#;/=/&.!
726/8!#0!&/='/;'0(!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!&/$&/6/0*!:#3350':2*'#0.!*)/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!6//3!*#!7/!7&#28.!0#*!/F$A':'*!/0#5().!208!0#*!:#3$&/)/06'=/>!K#&!/F23$A/.!
"SDO!Z>Z!6*2*/6!l8/3#06*&2*/!/BB/:*'=/!:#3350':2*'#0!6@'AA6!B#&!:A'0':2A!208!:56*#3/&!6/&=':/6!
'0!2!=2&'/*%!#B!B#&32*6!208!6/**'0(6_>!4)/!A20(52(/!8/6:&'7'0(!*)'6!:#3$/*/0:%!'6!0#*!6$/:'B':!
208!32%!:2&&%!8'BB/&/0*!3/20'0(6>!4)'6!A/2=/6!&##3!B#&!657G/:*'=/!'0*/&$&/*2*'#0!208!=2&'27'A'*%!
726/8!#0!*)/!/=2A52*#&6_!508/&6*208'0(>!C*!2A6#!A/2=/6!&##3!B#&!3'66/8!6@'AA6!208!
3'6/=2A52*'#06>!M!3#&/!:#3$&/)/06'=/!208!8/*2'A/8!A'6*!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!/BB/:*'=/!
:#3350':2*'#0!6)#5A8!7/!288/8!*#!*)/!A'6*!#B!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!56/8!*#!(5'8/!*)/!*&2'0'0(!208!
266/663/0*!#B!8'/*'*'206>!!
!
VPUPUP.P*7;=>N*@>*;II;KA=L;*A;@B*HJ@9;<*
9/'0(!2!*/23!$A2%/&!;26!/08#&6/8!208!=2A5/8!7%!B'=/!#B!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!#5&!6*58%!
85&'0(!*)/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!MAA!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!&/$&/6/0*/8!*/23;#&@!B&#3!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!M"LOD!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
;/&/!2A6#!&2*/8!26!266/6627A/.!#76/&=27A/.!208!=2A527A/!7%!3#&/!*)20![,k!#B!$2&*':'$20*6>!N5&!
B'08'0(6!'0!&/A2*'#0!*#!*)'6!*)/3/!;/&/!:#06'6*/0*!;'*)!$&/='#56!6*58'/6!#0!;)2*!)/2A*):2&/!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!='/;/8!26!=2A527A/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!&/A2*/8!*#!:#3$/*/0*!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/>!
M062!/*!2A>!\+,+,]!B#508;)'A/!)/2A*):2&/!/3$A#%//6!B&#3!320%!8'BB/&/0*!8'6:'$A'0/6!&20@/8!
:#3350':2*'#0!26!=/&%!)'().!*/23;#&@!;26!2A6#!#B!'3$#&*20:/>!Q'AA/36!/*!2A>!\+,TZ]!/F23'0/8!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6!#B!65&(/#06!85&'0(!8'626*/&!&/6$#06/!7%!:#085:*'0(!6/3'Y
6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;'*)!+,!)/2A*)!$&#B/66'#02A6!;)#!2&/!/F$/&'/0:/8!'0!8'626*/&!&/6$#06/!#&!
/85:2*'#0>!4/23;#&@!;26!*)/!6/:#08!3#6*!)'()A%!/08#&6/8!:#3$/*/0:%!;'*)!g[k!#B!
$2&*':'$20*6!&/:#(0'J'0(!'*!26!2!@/%!6@'AA!B#&!65&(/#06>!4)'6!;26!:#06'6*/0*!;'*)!&/65A*6!B&#3!#5&!
6*58%!;)/&/!:#3350':2*'#0!6@'AA6!;/&/!/08#&6/8!3#&/!#B*/0!*)20!*/23;#&@!6@'AA6.!%/*!
*/23;#&@!;26!6*'AA!:#06'8/&/8!'3$#&*20*!7%!3#6*!$2&*':'$20*6>!O#*!#0A%!)26!*/23;#&@!7//0!
/08#&6/8!7%!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!'0!$&/='#56!6*58'/6!B#&!'*6!'3$#&*20:/!'0!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*':/!75*!2A6#!
*)/!&/A2*'#06)'$!7/*;//0!*/23;#&@!208!$/&B#&320:/!#5*:#3/6!)26!7//0!/F*/06'=/A%!
8#:53/0*/8>!4/23;#&@!)26!7/:#3/!20!/66/0*'2A!(#2A!B#&!)/2A*):2&/!#&(20'J2*'#06!\K'00!+,T,]!
208!)26!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!*#!/0)20:/!62B/*%.!/BB':'/0:%.!208!`52A'*%!'0!)/2A*):2&/!\12=%/&!+,Ta]>!
S/6/2&:)!#0!*/236!*)2*!;#&@!;/AA!*#(/*)/&!)2=/!7//0!6)#;0!*#!)2=/!7/**/&!#5*:#3/6!65:)!26!
A#;/&!&'6@!#B!8/2*)!#&!:#3$A':2*'#06!\R2JJ#::#!/*!2A!+,,e].!'3$&#=/3/0*6!'0!:A'0':2A!#5*:#3/6!
\P#&7/&#!/*!2A!+,,g].!208!7/**/&!$2*'/0*!62*'6B2:*'#0!\P#&7/&#!/*!2A!+,,g]>!!
!
<'=/0!*)/!$'=#*2A!&#A/!*/23;#&@!$A2%6!'0!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*':/!'0!(/0/&2A!208!B#&!8'/*'*'206!
6$/:'B':2AA%.!/065&'0(!8'/*'*'206!)2=/!28/`52*/!*/23;#&@!6@'AA6!6)#5A8!7/!2!&/`5'&/3/0*!B#&!
/0*&%>!"5&&/0*!M"LOD!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!2&/!56/8!B#&!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!*&2'0'0(!208!
/=2A52*'#0!'0:A58/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!*/23;#&@!75*!8#!0#*!6//3!*#!&/BA/:*!*)/!B5AA!:#0*/0*!208!
6:#$/!#B!#5&!*)/3/>!926/8!#0!*)/!:#0*/0*!#B!*)/!:#8/6!B&#3!*)/!'0*/&='/;6.!7/'0(!20!/BB/:*'=/!
*/23!$A2%/&!/0*2'A/8!2!8'/*'*'20!;)#!'6!T]!27A/!208!;'AA'0(!*#!;#&@!;'*)!#*)/&6.!+]!27A/!*#!
&/:#(0'J/!208!:2&&%!*)/!6)2&/8!&/6$#06'7'A'*%!*#;2&8!*)/!:#33#0!(#2A6!#B!*)/!*/23>!N0A%!2!B/;!
#B!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6*2082&86!'08'&/:*A%!#&!7&#28A%!)'0*!*#!*/23;#&@!6@'AA6!\"SDO!
+>Z.!+>-.!!+>g.!+>T[]!\H#/3/A!+,+T]>!4)/!A20(52(/!56/8!'0!*)/6/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'6!2A6#!0#*!6$/:'B':!
#&!6/ABY/F$A202*#&%>!K#&!/F23$A/.!"SDO!+>-!6*2*/6!hB50:*'#0!26!2!3/37/&!#B!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
*/236i>!4)'6!2$$/2&6!*#!7/!=2(5/!208!A/2=/6!&##3!B#&!*)/!/=2A52*#&_6!'0*/&$&/*2*'#0>!4)'6!
:#3$/*/0:%!:#5A8!7/!&/B/&&'0(!*#!6/=/&2A!6$/:'B':!*/23;#&@!6@'AA6!#&!'*!:#5A8!7/!7&#28A%!
&/B/&&'0(!*#!2!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!$&2:*'*'#0/&!;)#!)26!2AA!*)/!6@'AA6!0/:/662&%!*#!B50:*'#0!26!2!
3/37/&!#B!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236>!C*!:#5A8!2A6#!G56*!3/20!*)2*!2!$&2:*'*'#0/&!)26!$2&*':'$2*/8!
208!B50:*'#0/8!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/236!%/*!*)/!6$/:'B':!6@'AA6!*)2*!;/&/!0//8/8!*#!7/!
/BB/:*'=/!2&/!0#*!`5/6*'#0/8!\B#&!/F23$A/.!/BB/:*'=/!:#0BA':*!&/6#A5*'#0!27'A'*'/6.!;#&@'0(!*#;2&8!
2!:#33#0!(#2A!#B!2!*/23.!/*:>]>!R#&/!B#:56/8!208!6$/:'B':!8/6:&'$*'#0!#0!*/23;#&@!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!6)#5A8!7/!'0:#&$#&2*/8!'0!*)/!A'6*!#B!8'/*/*':!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86>!
!
VPUP.P 4;J;L@>K;*DI*KDJJ@FD<@A=L;3<;@G=>;CC*KDBH;A;>K9*CA@>G@<GC**
926/8!#0!&2*'0(6!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6.!$2&*':'$20*6!&/$#&*/8!2AA!CUL!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y
&/28'0/66!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!$/&:/'=/8!*#!7/!=2A527A/.!266/6627A/.!208!#76/&=27A/!B&#3!
*)/!$/&6$/:*'=/!#B!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;#&@'0(!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!'0!2!:A'0':2A!6/**'0(>!4)'6!/3$)26'J/6!*)/!
=2A5/!#B!*)/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6$/:'B':2AA%!B#&!*)/!B'/A8!#B!8'/*/*':6!208!
65$$#&*6!*)/!(&#;'0(!A'*/&2*5&/!#0!*)/!(/0/&2A'J27'A'*%!#B!*)/!CUL!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2:&#66!
)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#06>!N5&!6*58%!2886!*#!*)'6!(&#;'0(!7#8%!#B!/='8/0:/!6$/:'B':2AA%!B#&!*)/!
8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0>!!!
!
K5&*)/&.!#5&!B'08'0(6!/3$)26'J/!:5&&/0*!M"LOD!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!8#!0#*!28/`52*/A%!208!
:#3$&/)/06'=/A%!:2$*5&/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66>!926/8!#0!#5&!82*2.!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!/08#&6/8!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!6@'AA6!*)2*!2&/!0#*!:5&&/0*A%!'0:A58/8!'0!M"LOD!
:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86V!#&2Af;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#0.!*/23;#&@.!=2A5/6f/*)':6!B#&!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/.!208!&#A/6f&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/>!4)'6!B'08'0(!'6!
:#06'6*/0*!;'*)!$&/='#56!&/$#&*6>!LA'#*!/*!2A!+,+,!$57A'6)/8!20!2&*':A/!*)2*!(2=/!20!5$82*/!#0!
*)/!$&#(&/66!#B!'0*/(&2*'0(!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!/85:2*'#0!'0*#!8'/*/*':!
:5&&':5A2>!4)/!25*)#&6!B#508!#0A%!*)&//!#B!*)/!:5&&/0*!M"LOD!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!2&/!56/8!B#&!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!*&2'0'0(!208!266/663/0*!#=/&A2$!;'*)!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!\"SDO!+>Z.!+>->!+>a]>!C0!&/:/0*!%/2&6.!*)/!*)&//!:#3$/*/0:'/6!;/&/!288/8!'0!
&/6$#06/!*#!:2AA6!B#&!'0:&/26'0(!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/85:2*'#0!208!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!
$&#B/66'#0>!4)'6!;26!2::#3$20'/8!7%!2**/3$*6!*#!'0:A58/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/85:2*'#0!'0!
8'82:*':!:5&&':5A2!208!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236>!D/6$'*/!/BB#&*6!*#!'0:&/26/!:#AA27#&2*'=/!
&/28'0/66!'0!8'/*/*':6.!208!8/6$'*/!&/:#(0'J'0(!*)/!'0'*'2*'#0!B#&!*)/!'0:#&$#&2*'#0!#B!&/A/=20*!
:#3$/*/0:'/6.!*)/!25*)#&6!:#0:A58/8!*)/!/BB#&*6!2&/!0#*!2!65BB':'/0*!'0=/6*3/0*!'0!8/=/A#$'0(!2!
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%!*26@!B#&:/!\LA'#*!/*!2A>.!+,+T]>!M!3#&/!*)#&#5()!208!:#3$&/)/06'=/!
'0:A56'#0!#B!:#AA27#&2*'=/!&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'6!0//8/8!B#&!266/663/0*!(5'820:/!#B!8'/*/*':!
:5&&':5A2>!'0:#&#$#&2*'0(!*)/!'0*/$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!/08#&6/8!7%!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!#5&!
6*58%!'0*#!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!:#5A8!)/A$!B'AA!(2$6!'0!:2$*5&'0(!*)/3/6!&/A2*/8!*#!
#&2Af;&'**/0!:#3350':2*'#0.!*/23;#&@.!=2A5/6f/*)':6!B#&!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!$&2:*':/.!208!
&#A/6f&/6$#06'7'A'*'/6!B#&!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/!'0!8'/*/*':6>!K5*5&/!6*58'/6!6)#5A8!/F$A#&/!*)/!
/F*/0*!#B!8/*2'A!208!8/6:&'$*'#0!0//8/8!B#&!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!7/!6/ABY/F$A202*#&%!208!
:#3$&/)/06'=/!;)'A/!3'0'3'J'0(!&2*/&!75&8/0>!!
!
VPUPVP 4;J;L@>K;*DI*K@<;;<3<;@G=>;CC*KDBH;A;>K9*CA@>G@<GC**
1/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!;)#!;#&@!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!&2*/8!3#6*!OM"L!:2&//&!&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
26!#76/&=27A/.!266/6627A/.!208!=2A527A/!6@'AA6!B#&!8'/*'*'206!*#!)2=/!\6'F!#5*!#B!/'()*.!6//!427A/!Z]>!
4)'6!65$$#&*6!*)/!(/0/&2A'J27'A'*%!#B!*)/!OM"L!:#3$/*/0:'/6!2:&#66!$&#B/66'#06!8/6$'*/!*)/3!
0#*!7/'0(!(/0/&2*/8!'0!2!;2%!*)2*!'6!6$/:'B':!#&!*2&(/*/8!B#&!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#06>!4)/!#0A%!
*;#!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!;/&/!/F:A58/8!726/8!#0!#5&!&/65A*6!;/&/!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%!208!:2&//&!
3202(/3/0*!6@'AA6>!Q)'A/!/F:/$*'#02A!6@'AA!;'*)!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%!:20!7/!)'()A%!=2A527A/!'0!
320%!$&#B/66'#06!208!320%!'0856*&%!G#7!6/**'0(6.!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!8#!0#*!$/&:/'=/!
$&#B':'/0:%!'0!8'('*2A!*/:)0#A#(%!*#!)2=/!2!)'()!'3$2:*!#0!8'/*'*'206_!:#3$/*/0:/!'0!:A'0':2A!
6/**'0(6>!P'3'A2&A%.!:2&//&!3202(/3/0*!6@'AA6!32%!7/!=2A527A/!B#&!'08'='852A6!A##@'0(!B#&!:2&//&!
28=20:/3/0*!75*!32%!0#*!7/!2!6@'AA!*)2*!;#5A8!7/!:#06'8/&/8!26!2!*#$!$&'#&'*%!B#&!*)#6/!
:#AA27#&2*'0(!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!#0!$2*'/0*!3202(/3/0*!:26/6>!"2&//&!3202(/3/0*!6@'AA6!'08'&/:*A%!
'3$2:*!$&#85:*'='*%!208!$/&B#&320:/!#B!20!'08'='852A.!26!'08'='852A6!(2'0!@0#;A/8(/!208!
2$*'*58/!*#!28=20:/!*)/'&!:2&//&6>!4)/!$2**/&0!#B!#=/&A2$!7/*;//0!#5&!82*2!208!*)/!:2&//&Y
&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!6//36!6/06'7A/>!K5*5&/!&/6/2&:)!6)#5A8!/=2A52*/!*)/!&#A/!#B!8'('*2A!
*/:)0#A#(%!208!:2&//&!3202(/3/0*!6@'AA6!#0!8'/*'*'20!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66>!M6!B#&!*)/!:2&//&!
&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!;/&/!8//3/8!*#!&/BA/:*!8/6'&27A/!*&2'*6!'0!8'/*'*'206.!*)/%!6)#5A8!
7/!'0:#&$#&2*/8!'0*#!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!$&2:*':/6>!
!
VPUPYP %A:;<*I=>G=>NCO*5J=>=K@J*R>D]J;GN;*@>G*;QH;<A=C;*
N5&!6*58%!8'8!0#*!2'3!*#!'0=/6*'(2*/!20%!*/:)0':2A!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!1#;/=/&.!;)/0!
$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!;)2*!`52A'*'/6!&/BA/:*!:#AA27#&2*'=/!&/28'0/66!208!:#3$/*/0:/!'0!
8'/*'*'206.!:A'0':2A!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/!:23/!5$!26!2!6*&#0(!*)/3/!\/08#&6/8!7%!/'()*!#5*!
#B!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6.!427A/!Z]>!4)/!/3$)26'6!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!6//36!50'`5/!*#!*)/!B'/A8!#B!8'/*/*':6>!
4)/!*)/3/!;26!276/0*!'0!6*58'/6!/F23'0'0(!:#AA27#&2*'#0Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0!0#0Y
8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6>!12='0(!28/`52*/!208!*)#&#5()!:A'0':2A!@0#;A/8(/!'6!508/&6*##8!208!
$&/653/8!B#&!20%!$&2:*'*'#0/&>!4#!;#&@!'0!20%!:A'0':2A!&#A/.!2!)/2A*):2&/!;#&@/&!356*!@0#;!*)/!
:#0*/0*!&/A2*/8!*#!*)/'&!#;0!$&#B/66'#0>!E':/065&/!208!$&#$/&!:/&*'B':2*'#0!&/`5'&/3/0*6!2&/!
8/6'(0/8!*#!/065&/!@0#;A/8(/!208!`52A'B%!'08'='852A6!B#&!$&2:*':/>!E':/06/8!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!356*!
(#!*)&#5()!A':/06'0(!/85:2*'#0!208!$&#:/66/6!;)':)!`52A'B'/6!*)/3!B#&!$&2:*':/>!K#&!8'/*'*'206.!
*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!'0:A58/!2!*)#&#5()!A'6*!#B!8'/*/*':Y6$/:'B':!@0#;A/8(/!
208!*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6>!C0!288'*'#0.!*)/!S/('6*/&/8!D'/*'*'20!/F23!266/66/6!8'/*'*'206!#0!*)/'&!
8'/*/*':Y6$/:'B':!@0#;A/8(/!208!:#0*/0*>!4)/!50'`5/!#::5&&/0:/!#B!*)'6!*)/3/!'0!#5&!6*58%.!
;)':)!'6!*2&(/*/8!B#&!8'/*/*':!$&2:*'*'#0/&6.!6//36!*#!'3$A%!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/!'0!
8'/*'*'206!'6!$/&:/'=/8!*#!7/!=2&'27A/>!C*!;#5A8!0#*!7/!65&$&'6'0(!*)2*!65:)!20!'3$A':'*!7'26!
:)2AA/0(/6!*)/!8'/*/*':!$&#B/66'#0>!N*)/&!'08':2*#&6!*)2*!8'/*'*'206!2&/!508/&3'0/8!208!
508/&=2A5/8!2&/!/='8/0*!'0!&/6/2&:)!208!$&2:*':/>!D'/*'*'206!2&/!#B*/0!508/&5*'A'J/8!8/6$'*/!
3#50*'0(!/='8/0:/!#0!*)/!/BB/:*'=/0/66!#B!3/8':2A!05*&'*'#0!*)/&2$%.!6$/:'B':2AA%!$&#='8/8!7%!
8'/*'*'206.!'0!35A*'$A/!8'6/26/!6*2*/6!\D58J'@!/*!2A>.!+,+Zd!R#)&!/*!2A>.!+,++]>!D'/*'*'206!2&/!('=/0!
3'0'32A!$&'='A/(/6!'0!)#6$'*2A6!/=/0!B#&!05*&'*'#0Y6$/:'B':!&#A/6>!O5*&'*'#0!#&8/&6!#&!266/663/0*6!
\65:)!26!*57/!B//8'0(!#&8/&6.!8'/*!#&8/&6.!$2&/0*/&2A!05*&'*'#0!#&8/&6.!#&!32A05*&'*'#0!
8'2(0#6/6]!#B*/0!&/`5'&/!$)%6':'206_!B'02A!2$$&#=2A!#&!6'(02*5&/!'0!$&2:*':/!\U/*/&6#0!/*!2A>.!
+,+,]>!S/B/&&2A6!*#!SDO!:#506/A'0(!208!/85:2*'#0!2&/!#B*/0!6@'$$/8!208!6576*'*5*/8!7%!
$)%6':'20!7&'/B'0(!8/6$'*/!$)%6':'206!0#*!)2='0(!$&#$/&!05*&'*'#0!*&2'0'0(!#&!@0#;A/8(/!
\U#G/80':!/*!2A>.!+,+Z]>!Q)/0!:#3$2&/8!;'*)!#*)/&!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!;)#!)2=/!6'3'A2&!
/85:2*'#02A!208!*&2'0'0(!&/`5'&/3/0*6.!SDO6!2A6#!&/:/'=/!*)/!A#;/6*!$2%!208!:#3$/062*'#0!B#&!
*)/'&!6/&=':/6!\WP!95&/25!#B!E27#&!P*2*'6*':6.!+,+Z]>!4)/!&/65A*6!#B!*)'6!6*58%!*2@/0!*#(/*)/&!;'*)!
*)/6/!$2**/&06!65((/6*!:#0B'8/0:/!'0!8'/*'*'20!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/!32%!7/!A#;>!K5*5&/!
&/6/2&:)!6)#5A8!'0=/6*'(2*/!*)/!&/26#06!*)2*!2&/!8&'='0(!*)/6/!$/&:/$*'#06!2&#508!8'/*'*'206>!
P$/:'B':2AA%.!*)/!28/`52:%!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!&/A2*/8!*#!*/:)0':2A!:A'0':2A!@0#;A/8(/!208!/F$/&*'6/!
6)#5A8!7/!'0=/6*'(2*/8!'0!B5*5&/!6*58'/6>!
!
VPUP/P*'BHJ=K@A=D>C*ID<*G=;A;A=K*H<@KA=K;**
O#0Y*/:)0':2A!6@'AA6!208!:#3$/*/0:%!*)/3/6!;/&/!$/&:/'=/8!*#!7/!/66/0*'2A!B#&!:#3$/*/0*!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/.!208!2&/!/'*)/&!3'66'0(!#&!0#*!;/AA!&/$&/6/0*/8!'0!*)/!:5&&/0*!
8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!6/*!7%!M"LOD>!C0!$2&*':5A2&.!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!;/&/!
B#508!*#!7/!'028/`52*/!#0!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!208!:2&//&Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!
A2:@/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#0!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%>!4)'6!;26!/='8/0*!'0!*)/3/6!:#AA/:*/8!B&#3!
6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!208!B&#3!&2*'0(6!#B!$&/Y/F'6*'0(!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!N5&!
&/65A*6!65((/6*!*)/!:5&&/0*!8'/*/*':!:#3$/*/0:%!A'6*!6)#5A8!7/!/F$208/8!*#!'0:A58/!
:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!28/`52*/A%!:2$*5&/!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66!:#3$/*/0:'/6.!OM"L!
:#3$/*/0:'/6.!208!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%>!427A/!Z!'0:A58/6!65((/6*'#06!B#&!
288'*'#0f/A'3'02*'#0!#B!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*#!:5&&/0*!M"LOD!6*2082&86!;'*)!'0B#&32*'#0!#0!;)/&/!
*)/!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#&'('02*/8!B&#3!\'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/6.!OM"L!
:#3$/*/0:'/6.!#&!M"LOD!:#3$/*/0:'/6]!208!&/26#0'0(!#0!;)%!*)/%!6)#5A8!7/!
'0:A58/8f/F:A58/8>!K5*5&/!'3$A':2*'#06!B#&!&/6/2&:)!208!$&2:*':/!6)#5A8!3/265&/!*)/!/F*/0*!*#!
;)':)!*)/!B'02A!A'6*!#B!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!M"LOD!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'6!B/26'7A/.!=2A'8.!208!&/A'27A/!'0!
8&'='0(!*)/!266/663/0*!#B!:#3$/*/0:/!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2:&#66!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/!$&#(&236>!!
!
VPUPcP*-A<;>NA:C*@>G*$=B=A@A=D>C*
N5&!6*58%!:2&&'/8!6/=/&2A!6*&/0(*)6>!4)/!"#06#A'82*/8!"&'*/&'2!B#&!S/$#&*'0(!c52A'*2*'=/!
S/6/2&:)!:)/:@A'6*!;26!56/8!*#!(5'8/!6*58%!8/6'(0!208!&/$#&*'0(>!S/6$#08/0*!=2A'82*'#0!#B!
B'08'0(6!*)&#5()!3/37/&!:)/:@'0(!$&#='8/8!)'()/&!:&/8'7'A'*%!208!:#0B'8/0:/!*#!#5&!B'08'0(6>!
P:&'$*6!;/&/!$&/$2&/8!*#!02='(2*/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!U&/='#56A%!6*2082&8'J/8!208!
/='8/0:/Y726/8!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!*)2*!2&/!&/A/=20*!B#&!:A'0':2A!$&2:*':/!;/&/!56/8!*#!
'0B#&3!#5&!6*58%>!S/:&5'*3/0*!208!/0&#AA3/0*!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!;26!)2A*/8!#0A%!2B*/&!*)/32*':!
62*5&2*'#0!;26!&/2:)/8>!M6!B#&!*)/!A'3'*2*'#06. *)'6!6*58%!B#:56/8!#0!7&/28*).!0#*!8/$*)>!C*!
:#AA/:*/8!82*2!B&#3!2!;'8/!&20(/!#B!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;#&@'0(!'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!8'/*'*'206!&2*)/&!*)20!
8'='0(!'0*#!)'()/&!8/$*)!B&#3!2!6'0(A/!$&#B/66'#0!*)2*!:#AA27#&2*/6!;'*)!8'/*'*'206>!C0!288'*'#0.!
B5&*)/&!$&#7'0(!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!B#AA#;Y5$!'0*/&='/;6!;#5A8!)2=/!)/A$/8!50$2:@!3#&/!8/$*)!
'0!*)/!8/6:&'7/8!:#3$/*/0:'/6>!K5*5&/!6*58'/6!6)#5A8!8'=/!3#&/!'0*#!8/$*)!#B!82*2!;'*)!&/6$/:*!
*#!$/&:/$*'#06!B&#3!/2:)!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#0!*)2*!$#*/0*'2AA%!'0*/&2:*6!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!#0!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!726'6>!!
!
!
* *
YP*5?+&,"4*YO*+'1*U*4"-2$,-*+(!*!'-52--'%(!
4#!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!56'0(!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!
#B!0'0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!5$#0!:#3$A/*'#0!#B!#0/!:A'0':2A!05*&'*'#0!'0*/&06)'$!&#*2*'#0>!!!
Q)2*!2&/!*)/!&/B562A!208!=#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/6!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!=#A50*2&%!/=2A52*'#06!
B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;#&@'0(!;'*)'0!*)/!6$)/&/!#B!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06j!
o S/B562A!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!!
o X#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/!'6!/F$/:*/8!*#!7/![,k!
*
YPXP +=B*U*4;CEJAC**
!
YPXPXP -@BHJ;*K:@<@KA;<=CA=KC*!
M!$&/8#3'020*A%!B/32A/!623$A/!B&#3!8'=/&6/!/*)0':!208!&2:'2A!72:@(&#5086!;26!&/:&5'*/8!B#&!
#5&!6*58%>!P//!427A/!-!B#&!623$A/!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6>!!
!
,@FJ;*VV!P23$A/!")2&2:*/&'6*':6!#B!D'/*/*':!C0*/&0!U2&*':'$20*6!!
!
#+4'+7$"*
Z>[*
-;Q*
!
Female
e!
4@K;*^*"A:>=K=A9*
!
White
-!
White of Hispanic Descent
+!
Asian
+!
Unspecified
T!
?=N:;CA*$;L;J*DI*"GEK@aD>**
!
Bachelors degree
a!
Master of Science
+!
Unspecified
T!
!
YPXPUP dE@J=A@A=L;*G@A@*I<DB*C;B=3CA<EKAE<;G*=>A;<L=;]CO*I@K=J=A@AD<C_*F@<<=;<C_*@>G*
C@A=CI@KA=D>*
*
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!;/&/!&/:&5'*/8!B&#3!B#5&!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!2:&#66!1#56*#0!2&/2>!D'/*/*':!
'0*/&06!$2&*':'$2*/8!'0!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!B2:''A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!
#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!&2*/&6!26!;/AA!26!&/(2&8'0(!*)/'&!62*'6B2:*'#0!;'*)!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!
266/663/0*!*##A!208!$&#:/85&/6>!S/B/&!*#!427A/![!B#&!*)/3/6!208!623$A/!`5#*/6!#0!*)/!
B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!&2*/&!/=2A52*'#06>!
!
YPXPUPXP*7@<<=;<C*AD*I;@C=F=J=A9**
*
4)/3/!TV!E'3'*/8!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/F$#65&/!
!
Q)/0!26@/8!;)2*!*)/!72&&'/&6!;/&/!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6.!
/'()*!#5*!#B!*)/!0'0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!6*2*/8!2!&/26#0!&/A2*/8!*#!*)/!23#50*!208!*%$/!#B!
/F$#65&/!*)/%!/F$/&'/0:/8!85&'0(!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0>!P$/:'B':2AA%.!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
3/0*'#0/8!*)2*!*)/!23#50*!#B!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/F$#65&/!*)/%!)28!;26!A'3'*/8>!4)/%!/'*)/&!8'8!
0#*!(/*!*)/!#$$#&*50'*%!*#!'0*/&2:*!;'*)!)/2A*):2&/!$/&6#00/A.!208f#&!;)/0!*)/%!8'8!'0*/&2:*!
;'*)!#*)/&!$/&6#00/A!*)/!'0*/&2:*'#06!;/&/!=/&%!A'3'*/8>!N0/!#B!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!&/$#&*/8!
#0A%!6)2@'0(!)2086!#0:/!;'*)!2!$)%6':2A!*)/&2$%!8'&/:*#&>!N*)/&6!*)#5()*!*)/%!8'8!0#*!)2=/!
/0#5()!$2*'/0*6!*#!3202(/!;'*)!:#;#&@/&6>!C0!320%!:26/6!\6'F!#5*!#B!0'0/].!*)/!'0*/&06!
&/$#&*/8!*)2*!/=/0!;)/0!*)/%!;/&/!$&/6/0*!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!&#5086.!3//*'0(6.!#&!2:*'='*'/6!
*)2*!'0=#A=/8!;#&@'0(!;'*)!#*)/&!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6.!*)/%!&2&/A%!$2&*':'$2*/8!'0!65:)!
6/**'0(6>!4)/%!6'3$A%!A'6*/0/8!208!;2*:)/8!;)2*!;26!(#'0(!#0!$266'=/A%>!4)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
;/&/!0#*!$2&*!#B!*)/!'0*/&2:*'#06!208!;/&/!0#*!*)/!32'0!:#3350':2*#&6!27#5*!05*&'*'#0!B#&!*)/!
$2*'/0*6>!S2*)/&.!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!;/&/!*)/!#0/6!;)#!6$#@/.!206;/&/8!`5/6*'#06.!(2=/!5$82*/6!
#0!05*&'*'#0!266/663/0*6.!6)2&/8!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!#$'0'#06.!#&!$&#='8/8!*&/2*3/0*!65((/6*'#06!
&/A2*/8!*#!*)/!$2*'/0*!*)2*!'6!7/'0(!8'6:566/8>!P#3/!'0*/&06!\0sZ]!2A6#!&/$#&*/8!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&!
A'3'*/8!*)/'&!27'A'*%!*#!(/*!28/`52*/!/F$#65&/!7%!('='0(!*)/3!;#&@!7/)'08!*)/!6:/0/6.!65:)!26!
;#&@'0(!'0!:)2&*6.!;&'*'0(!:A'0':2A!0#*/6.!#&8/&'0(!65$$A/3/0*6.!#&!$&/$2&'0(!6)2@/6>!N*)/&!
'0*/&06!\0s!Z]!&/$#&*/8!6//'0(!A/66!*)20!*)&//!$2*'/0*6!82'A%.!;'*)!$2*'/0*!:26/6!7/'0(!6'3$A/!
208!)2='0(!A#;!2:5'*%>!C0*/&06.!'0!6#3/!:26/6!\0s+].!8'8!0#*!6//!20%!$2*'/0*6!'08/$/08/0*A%!208!
;/&/!#0A%!27A/!*#!6)28#;!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!*)&#5()#5*!*)/!;)#A/!&#*2*'#0>!N0A%!#0/!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&0!&/$#&*/8!6)/!)28!35A*'$A/!/F$#65&/6!*#!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!6/**'0(6!208!6)/!;26!20!2:*'=/!
$2&*':'$20*!'0!65:)!6/**'0(6>!4)'6!$2&*':'$20*!)28!*)/!)'()/6*!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06!:#AA/:*/8!
\6/=/0!!/=2A52*'#06!&/:/'=/8!#5*!#B!/'()*!2**/3$*/8]>!P)/!2A6#!&/$#&*/8!)2='0(!2!=/&%!&':)!
:A'0':2A!/F$/&'/0:/!208!$&/:/$*#&!/F$/&'/0:/>!!
!
4)/3/!+V!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!8'6:#3B#&*!8&'=/0!7%!$/&:/'=/8!:256/6!#B!&2*/&6_!&/G/:*'#0!!
Q)/0!26@/8!;)2*!*)/!72&&'/&6!;/&/!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6.!
6/=/0!#5*!#B!0'0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!6*2*/8!&/26#06!*)2*!'0:A58/8!26653$*'#06!208!'06/:5&'*'/6!
27#5*!B2:*#&6!*)2*!;#5A8!)2=/!328/!*)/!/=2A52*#&6!&/G/:*!*)/'&!&/`5/6*>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
8/6:&'7/8!*)/!)/2A*):2&/!6*2BB!26!756%!208!8/6:&'7/8!*)/36/A=/6!26!0#*!7/'0(!'3$#&*20*!208!
*)/!/=2A52*'#06!26!0#*!2!$&'#&'*%!*#!*)/!)/2A*):2&/!*/23>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2A6#!6*2*/8!*)2*!*)/%!
B/A*!'*!;26!8'BB':5A*!*#!2$$&#2:)!/=2A52*#&6!2B*/&!2!*'3/!A2(>!K#&!/F23$A/.!#0/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&0!
3/0*'#0/8!*)2*!'*!8'8!0#*!32@/!6/06/!*#!&/`5/6*!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!20!C0*/06'=/!"2&/!W0'*!
$)%6':'20!2*!*)/!/08!#B!*)/'&!aY;//@!&#*2*'#0.!;)/0!*)/'&!'0*/&2:*'#0!;'*)!*)/!$)%6':'20!;26!#0!
*)/!B'&6*!;//@>!M!*#*2A!#B!B'=/!#5*!#B!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6!62'8!0#*!)2='0(!$&'#&!266/663/0*Y
&/A2*/8!2&&20(/3/0*6!7/*;//0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&23!8'&/:*#&6!208!:A'0':2A!6'*/6!;#5A8!
)2=/!328/!'*!/26'/&!*#!6//@!/=2A52*'#06>!9%!0#*!)2='0(!2!32082*#&%!$&#:/66!:#3350':2*/8!*#!
*)/!$&/:/$*#&6!208!:A'0':2A!6'*/6.!*)/!'0*/&06!B/A*!*)2*!*)/!75&8/0!;26!#0!*)/3!*#!(/*!*)/!0//8/8!
0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06>!
!
C08'&/:*!3/*)#86!#B!&/`5/6*'0(!/=2A52*'#06!;/&/!56/8!7%!6/=/0!#5*!#B!0'0/!'0*/&06.!208!#0A%!
*;#!'0*/&06!&/`5/6*/8!/=2A52*'#06!'0!$/&6#0>!4)&//!'0*/&06!6/0*!*)/!A'0@6fcS!:#8/6!B#&!*)/!
/=2A52*'#06!*#!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!208!26@/8!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!*#!/32'A!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6!
208!&/`5/6*!B//872:@>!4)&//!'0*/&06!62'8!*)/%!6/0*!*)/!/=2A52*'#0!A'0@6fcS!:#8/6!#0!$&/Y
/F'6*'0(!(&#5$!:)2*6!;'*)!#*)/&!)/2A*):2&/!$&#='8/&6!208!&/`5/6*/8!/=2A52*'#06>!N0/!'0*/&0!62'8!
*)/%!6/0*!#5*!20!/32'A!;'*)!&/`5/6*6!75*!;'*)#5*!3/0*'#0'0(!20%*)'0(!'0!$/&6#0>!4;#!'0*/&06!
=/&72AA%!&/`5/6*/8!/=2A52*'#06!'0!$/&6#0>!
!
YPXPUPUP*6@K=J=A@AD<C*DI*I;@C=F=J=A9*
4)/3/V!L26/!#B!:#3$A/*'0(!266/663/0*!!
N0A%!#0/!*)/3/!/3/&(/8!;)/0!$2&*':'$20*6!;/&/!26@/8!;)2*!*)/%!*)#5()*!;/&/!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!
B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!\/08#&6/8!7%!/'()*!#5*!#B!*)/!0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6]>!4)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
B#508!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!7/!=/&%!/26%!208!`5':@!*#!:#3$A/*/!;'*)!:#0=/0'/0*!
cS!:#8/6!208!A'0@6!*#!B2:'A'*2*/!8'66/3'02*'#0>!C0*/&06!6*2*/8!*)2*!*)/%!*&28'*'#02AA%!56/!$2$/&!
/=2A52*'#06!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!266/663/0*6!&/`5'&/8!7%!*)/'&!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&23!6'*/6>!!
!
YPXPUP.P*-@A=CI@KA=D>*]=A:*@CC;CCB;>A*
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!5020'3#56A%!6*2*/8!*)/%!;/&/!62*'6B'/8!;'*)!*)/!266/663/0*!208!*)/!
266/663/0*!;26!/26%!*#!B#AA#;!\0'0/!#5*!#B!0'0/!'0*/&06]>!R#6*!/A27#&2*/8!7%!6*2*'0(!*)/%!
*)#5()*!*)/!266/663/0*!;26!=/&%!'3$#&*20*!208!35:)!0//8/8!\B'=/!#5*!#B!0'0/!'0*/&06]>!Q)/0!
$&#3$*/8!*#!:A2&'B%!*)/!&/26#0!;)%!*)/%!*)#5()*!'*!;26!'3$#&*20*.!2AA!B'=/!'0*/&06!6*2*/8!
&/26#06!&/A2*/8!*#!*)/!RPK!/=2A52*'#0_6!27'A'*%!*#!2::535A2*/!3#&/!B//872:@!27#5*!*)/3>!MAA!
B'=/!'0*/&06!;)#!&/$#&*/8!*)'6!&/26#0!8/6:&'7/8!6'3'A2&!6*#&'/6>!4)/%!&/$#&*/8!*)2*.!;)/0!
(&28'0(!*)/3.!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!:)/:@/8!*)/!7#F/6!208!B'AA/8!#5*!*)/!&/`5'&/8!$&#(&23!
/=2A52*'#06!3'08A/66A%>!NB!*)/6/!B'=/!'0*/&06.!B#5&!6*2*/8!*)/'&!$&/:/$*#&6!)28!2!$#6'*'=/!
'3$&/66'#0!27#5*!*)/3.!6#!*)/!$&/:/$*#&6!B'AA/8!#5*!$/&B/:*!6:#&/6!#0!2AA!*)/!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!
726/8!*)/'&!6:#&/!#0!*)2*!'3$&/66'#0!;'*)#5*!&/28'0(!*)/!'08'='852A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!208!;'*)#5*!
2:*52AA%!/=2A52*'0(!;)/*)/&!*)/!'0*/&0!3/*!/2:)!6$/:'B':!:#3$/*/0:%!#&!0#*>!N0/!'0*/&0!62'8!
)/&!$&/:/$*#&!)28!2!0/(2*'=/!'3$&/66'#0!27#5*!)/&!208!*)/!'0*/&0!656$/:*/8!*)2*!*)'6!2BB/:*/8!
)#;!)/&!$&/:/$*#&!(&28/8!)/&!$&#(&23!/=2A52*'#06>!M::#&8'0(!*#!*)/!'0*/&0.!*)/!$&/:/$*#&_6!
0/(2*'=/!$/&:/$*'#0!0/=/&!&/:#=/&/8!208!:#3$&#3'6/8!)/&!;)#A/!/F$/&'/0:/!208!(&28/6>!4)/!
'0*/&0!/F$A2'0/8!*)2*!'B!3#&/!/=2A52*#&6!:#0*&'75*/8!*#!)/&!266/663/0*.!)/&!B'02A!(&28/!;#5A8!
0#*!)2=/!7//0!26!0/(2*'=/A%!'3$2:*/8>!
! !
,@FJ;*YV!4)/3/6!208!P23$A/!c5#*/6!B&#3!P/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!C0*/&='/;6!;'*)!D'/*/*':!C0*/&06!
\0se]!#0!*)/!K2:'A'*2*#&6!208!92&&'/&6!#B!N7*2'0'0(!L=2A52*'#06!B&#3!R5A*'$A/!1/2A*):2&/!
U&2:*'*'#0/&6!!
!
BARRIERS
,:;B;C*
(EBF;<*DI*
&@<aK=H@>AC*
">GD<C=>N*,:;B;*
Z>[*
-@BHJ;*dEDA;C*
E'3'*/8!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
/F$#65&/!!!
g!
:G)074+)'8#4'%".),70.'$%./'7'2)$'6)#6-)H<'
:M'$7+'$#,=%"&'$%./'./)'5%)X0%7"'7.'./7.'/#+6%.7-B'7"5'/)C+'3#+.-8'./)'
#")'./7.'M'.7-=)5'.#H'M'5%5"C.',)7--8'%".),70.'$%./'7"8?#58')-+)'7.'./7.'
/#+6%.7-H'Q#'"4,+)+B'5#0.#,+B'#,'7"8./%"&H'>)'3#+.-8'/75'3)'K4+.'5#%"&'
-%=)'0/7,.+H<'
:M.'$7+';),8'3%"%37-H'M'+/##='#")'6),+#"C+'/7"5H'E"5'./7.'$7+'./)'
6/8+%07-'./),768'5%,)0.#,'7"5'./7.'$7+'7?#4.'%.H<'
:N)'+7.'%"'7'2)$'3))X"&+'7"5'./),)'$),)'7'0#46-)'5#0.#,+'./7.'073)'
%"'7"5'$)C,)'K4+.'&%;%"&'"#.)+'#"'7'2)$'#./),'67X)".+H'M'$7+'K4+.'=%"5'#2'
#?+),;%"&'7"5'-%+.)"%"&'.#'+))'/#$'./)8'5#'%.H'A#B'M'0#4-5"C.'.)--'8#4'
$/7.'./)8'+7%5'#,',)07--'$/7.'./)8'+7%5B'?4.'#./),'./7"'./7.B'K4+.'=%"5'#2'
/)7,%"&'#./),'6)#6-)'.7-='7"5'#?+),;%"&'./7.C+'=%"5'#2'7--'./7.'M'5%5H<'
:M'$7+'K4+.'7"'%".),"H'A#'MC3'K4+.'=%"5'#2'./),)'-%=)B'
38'6,)0)6.#,+'7,)'3#+.-8'.7-=%"&'.#'./)3H<'
:M'+/75#$)5'./)3B'?4.'M'5%5"C.'")0)++7,%-8'.7-='.#'6/8+%0%7"+'#,'"4,+)+'
7+'340/H<'
:N)'5%5'"#.'/7;)'7'-#.'#2'0#334"%07X#"'$%./'./)'5#0.#,+H'O/)'$/#-)'S'
$))=+'./7.'M'$7+'./),)B'M'$#4-5'+78'./7.'%"'6),+#"'$)'6,#?7?-8'+6#=)'.#'
b'#,'q'5#0.#,+'7"5'%.'$7+'K4+.'-%=)'7'c4%0=',)37,='./7.'$)'/75'.#'5#H'M.'
$7+'7';),8'c4%0='%".),70X#"B'-)++'./7"'b'3%"4.)+H<'
:M'./%"='$)'/7;)';),8B';),8'3%"%37-'X3)'.7-=%"&'$%./'#./),'"4,+)+'7"5'
5#0.#,+H<'
:G)074+)'38'#"-8'%".),70X#"+'7,)',)7--8'$%./'./)'5%)XX7"+H'E"5'-%=)'M'
+7%5B'7"8X3)'$)'%".),70.'$%./'7"8?#58')-+)'-%=)'./)'"4,+)+B'%.C+'"#.'
,)7--8'7"8./%"&'./7.'./)8'0#4-5'7++)++'3)'#"H'M.C+'K4+.'-%=)'$)C,)'&)j"&'
+#3)'%"2#,37X#"'2,#3'./)3'2#,'./)'67X)".H<'
:M'$7+'=%"5'#2'4"0#32#,.7?-)'54,%"&',#4"5+'7.'./)'?)&%""%"&B'?)074+)B'
-%=)'./)8'+7$'3)B'?4.'./)8'5%5"C.',)7--8'4"5),+.7"5B'-%=)'$/#'$7+'+/)W'
A#'M'$7+'K4+.'-%=)B'MC3'-%=)'K4+.'./),)'$%./'38'6,)0)6.#,H'A#'-%=)'+/)'
5%5"C.',)7--8'%".,#540)'3)'.#'./)'.)73H'A#'%.'$7+'=%"5'#2'-%=)'./)8'5%5"C.'
,)7--8'678'7g)"X#"'.#'3)H'G4.'.#$7,5+'./)')"5B'./)8'$),)'-%=)B'L=78B'
+/)C+'7"'%".),"H<'
C0*/&06_!8'6:#3B#&*!
8&'=/0!7%!
$/&:/'=/8!:256/6!
#B!&2*/&6_!&/G/:u#0!!
b!
!
!
:I;),8?#58'%+'+#'?4+8'%"'./)'/#+6%.7-H'E"5'/7;)'+#'340/'.#'5#'$%./%"'7'
578'./7.'"))5+'.#'&).'5#")B'7"5'8#4C,)'=%"5'#2'7-3#+.'-%=)'7'-%g-)'
3#+c4%.#'$/),)'8#4C,)'-%=)B'U>)8s'D7"'8#4'5#'./%+'2#,'3)W*<'
:M2'8#4'/7;)'"#.'%".),70.)5'$%./'./)3'%"'7'$/%-)B'%.'$#4-5'=%"5'#2'?)'
/7,5'2#,'./)3'.#');7-47.)'8#4<''
!
<M.'$#4-5'.7=)'X3)'#4.'#2'./)%,'578H'O/)8'$),)'.##'?4+8H'M.'$#4-5'"#.'
?)'./)%,'6,%#,%.8T't4+.T'./7.'$#4-5'?)'38'0#"0),"H'M'&4)++B'./)3B'
7-,)758'.##'340/'#"'./)%,'6-7.)B'7"5'"#.'$7"X"&'.#'.7=)'X3)'/7;%"&'
.#'5#'7"');7-47X#"'2#,'3)H<'
:M.'$7+'/7,5'.#'766,#70/');7-47.#,+'7"5'+78'U/)8'M'$7+'%"'7'3))X"&'
$%./'8#4'7'2)$'$))=+'7&#B'07"'8#4'd--'#4.'7"');7-47X#"'7?#4.'3)*<'
:M'+)".'./)3'7.'./)')"5'#2'38',#.7X#"H'M'./%"='%.'$7+'./)'-7+.'578'#,'./)'
578'?)2#,)'./)'-7+.H'E"5'M')16-7%")5'%"'./)')37%-'$/#'M'$7+B'M',)l
%".,#540)5'38+)-2B'$/7.'M'$7+'5#%"&'./)');7-47X#"+'2#,'7"5'%"0-45)5'
7--'./)'%"2#,37X#"'%"'./)')37%-H<'
:M'+)".'%.'.#'38'37%"'6,)0)6.#,'M'+7%5'07"'8#4'6-)7+)'+)"5'./%+'.#'uB'vB'
7"5'wB'7--'#2'./)'6)#6-)'./7.'M'$#,=)5'$%./B'+%"0)'8#4'="#$'./)3<'
:A/)'.#-5'3)'.#'+)"5'/),'./)'-%"='7"5'./)8'/7;)'./%+'%x)++7&)'./%"&'#"'
./)%,'6/#")'$/),)'./)8'#?;%#4+-8'./)8'/7;)'7'&,#46'0/7.'$%./'7--'./)'
#./),'5%)X0%7"+'7"5'+#3)'#./),'"4,+)+'7"5'5#0.#,+H'A/)'+7%5'MC3'&#%"&'
.#'.7-='.#'./)3'7"5'./)8'+/#4-5'?)'7?-)'.#'d--'%.'#4.'2#,'8#4H<'
:M'5%5"C.'/7;)');),8?#58C+')37%-'+#'M'+)".'%.'.#'38'37%"'6,)0)6.#,<'
:M'./%"='%2'M'$#4-5'/7;)'K#%")5'./)'+.458'7.'7"')7,-%),'+.7&)'./7"'7.'./)'
)"5'#2'38',#.7X#"B'M'0#4-5'/7;)'0-436)5'./7.'%"'$%./'7--'#2'38',)c4%,)5'
676),$#,=H'M.'$#4-5'/7;)'?))"'-%=)'+46),'+3##./H<'
FACILITATORS
L26/!#B!:#3$A/u0(!
266/663/0*!
g!
:M'./%"='./)'-%"='7"5'y]'0#5)'$),)'+46),'0#";)"%)".<'
:O/)8'$),)',)7--8')7+8'.#'+)"5'7"5'./)8C,)';),8')7+8'.#'-%=)'4+)B'%.C+'
4+),'2,%)"5-8<'
:O/)'5%&%.7-'270.#,H'>7;%"&'%.'7+'7'+4,;)8'%+'"%0)'2#,'4+H'M"'38'%".),"+/%6B'
$)'/7;)'%.'7+'676),$#,=B'$/%0/'%+'5%m04-.'.#'7+=<'
:M'./%"='./)')7+)'$%./'./)'+4,;)8B'+#'%.'?)%"&'c4%0='$7+'5)d"%.)-8'7'
?)")d.H'E"5'./)'7"+$),'0/#%0)+'M'./%"='./)8'-##=)5'6,)g8'+.,7%&/.'
2#,$7,5<'
!
! !
YPXP.P*!;CK<=HA=L;*G@A@*I<DB*=>A;<>Cb*;L@JE@A=D>C***
!
4#!8/*/&3'0/!*)/!&/6$#06/!&2*/!#B!$2&*':'$20*6.!*)/!2$$&#F'32*/!0537/&!#B!&2*/&6!;)#!;/&/!
'0='*/8!*#!B'AA!#5*!/=2A52*'#06!;26!$&#='8/8!7%!*)/!'0*/&06!\427A/!a]>!4)/!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06!
*)2*!;/&/!:#3$A/*/8!7%!*)#6/!;)#!;/&/!'0='*/8!;26!*&2:@/8!7%!*)/!UC!\427A/!a]>!4)/!(#2A!;26!
*#!)2=/!'0*/&06!6/:5&/!T+!/=2A52*'#06>!4)/!2=/&2(/!0537/&!#B!&2*/&6!;)#!;/&/!'0='*/8!*#!
:#3$A/*/!/=2A52*'#06!;26![>a>!4)/!2=/&2(/!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06!*)2*!;/&/!&/:/'=/8!$/&!
'0*/&0!;26!+>b.!;)':)!'6!2!&/6$#06/!&2*/!#B!-gk>!D/6$'*/!7/'0(!26@/8!*#!*&2:@!*)/!0537/&!#B!
'08'='852A6!;)#!8/:A'0/8!'0='*2*'#06!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!RPKZa,!/=2A52*'#06.!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
8'8!0#*!8#!6#>!M6!2!&/65A*.!'*!;26!0#*!$#66'7A/!*#!8/*/&3'0/!*)/!&/B562A!&2*/>!P//!427A/!a!B#&!
288'*'#02A!82*2!&/(2&8'0(!'0*/&06_!/=2A52*'#06>*
*
* *
,@FJ;*/V!D/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!B&#3!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!/=2A52*'#06!!
!
&@<aK=H@>A*
e*
e*DI*
;L@JE@aD>C*
KDBHJ;A;G*
+HH<DQ=B@A;*
e*DI*<@A;<C*
=>L=A;G^
5J=>=K@J*<DA@aD>*K:@<@KA;<=CaKC*
+HH<DQ=B@A;*e*
DI*H@a;>AC*
C;;>*G@=J9*
'>A;<H<DI;CC=D>@J*
KDJJ@FD<@aD>*;QHDCE<;*
T!
[!
b!
T,YT+!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
+!
+!
[!
-Y[!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
Z!
+!
[!
+YZ!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
-!
T!
a!
+!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
[!
T!
Z!
+YZ!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
a!
T!
[!
-Y[!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
b!
-!
a!
[Ya!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
g!
b!
g!
T,YT[!
MA3#6*!82'A%.!2:u=/!
$2&u:'$2u#0!
e!
T!
[!
[Yg!
S2&/.!$266'=/!$2&u:'$2u#0!
M=/&2(/!v!
$/&!'0*/&0!
+>b!
[>a!
!
w!0537/&!#B!&2*/&6!;)#!;/&/!/'*)/&!6/0*!*)/!/=2A52*'#0!7%!/32'A.!3266!(&#5$!3/662(/6.!#&!'0!
$/&6#0!!
! !
YPUP*+=B*U*!=CKECC=D>***
!
4)'6!6*58%!2'3/8!*#!*/6*!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!56'0(!*)/!RPK!Za,o!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!*#!
/=2A52*/!0#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!e!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!5$#0!:#3$A/*'0(!2!:A'0':2A!05*&'*'#0!
&#*2*'#0!26!$2&*!#B!2!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&23>!N5&!&/65A*6!'3$A%!*)/!RPKZa,o!8'/*/*':!
266/663/0*!'6!/26%!*#!56/!75*!'6!0#*!B/26'7A/!'0!6/**'0(6!;)/&/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2&/!0#*!/F$#6/8!
*#!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0>!D/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!208!B//872:@!(2*)/&/8!B&#3!6/3'Y
6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6!;'*)!$2&*':'$20*6!7#*)!65((/6*!*)2*!*)/!32'0!:)2AA/0(/!B#&!&/2:)'0(!*)/!
*2&(/*!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06!6*/36!B&#3!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!0#*!2$$&#2:)'0(!/0#5()!/=2A52*#&6>!
4)/!2=/&2(/!0537/&!#B!&2*/&6!'0='*/8!7%!*)/!'0*/&06!*#!:#3$A/*/!/=2A52*'#06!;26![>a>!4)/!
2=/&2(/!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*'#06!*)2*!;/&/!&/:/'=/8!$/&!'0*/&0!;26!+>b.!;'*)!0#0/!#B!*)/!'0*/&06!
&/2:)'0(!*)/!*2&(/*!0537/&!#B!T+!/=2A52*'#06>!4)/!=#A50*2&%!&/6$#06/!&2*/!;26!-gk>!4)'6!
3/206!*)2*!'B!T+!/=2A52*'#06!2&/!8/6'&/8.!20!'0*/&0!6)#5A8!$A20!*#!'0='*/!+[!/=2A52*#&6!*#!
:#3$A/*/!*)/!266/663/0*>!!
!
YPUPXP 7@<<=;<*XO*$=B=A;G*=>A;<H<DI;CC=D>@J*;QHDCE<;*!
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2A3#6*!5020'3#56A%!\/'()*!#5*!#B!0'0/]!&/$#&*/8!2!A2:@!#B!/F$#65&/!208!2:*'=/!
$2&*':'$2*'#0!*#!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!)/2A*):2&/!6/**'0(6!;26!2!32'0!72&&'/&!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!
/=2A52*'#06>!L=/0!;)/0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!$2&*':'$2*/8!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!)/2A*):2&/!6/**'0(6.!
*)/%!;/&/!0#*!2:*'=/!$2&*':'$20*6!208!;/&/!#0A%!$266'=/A%!$&/6/0*>!<'=/0!*)/!A'3'*/8!&#A/!208!
'0*/&2:*'#0!*)2*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!)28!;'*)!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6.!'0*/&06!8'8!0#*!)2=/!*)/!
#$$#&*50'*%!*#!6)#;!*)/'&!6@'AA6!#&!*#!*2@/!$2&*!'0!2!&#A/!*)2*!`52A'B'/8!*)/3!*#!'8/0*'B%!
'08'='852A6!;)#!@0#;!*)/3!/0#5()!*#!:#3$A/*/!/=2A52*'#06!#0!*)/'&!7/)2AB>!4)'6!72&&'/&!;26!
$&/='#56A%!'8/0*'B'/8!'0!&/6/2&:)!#0!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!35A*'Y6#5&:/!B//872:@!266/663/0*6!'0!
05&6/6!208!$)%6':'206!\P>!R:U)//!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!")2AA/0(/6!#0!2$$&#$&'2*/0/66!#B!&2*/&6!208!
&2*/&6_!B23'A'2&'*%!;'*)!*&2'0//6!)2=/!7//0!&/$#&*/8!26!32'0!72&&'/&6!'0!/0(2('0(!2!65BB':'/0*!
0537/&!#B!&2*/&6!'0!$&/='#56!35A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!/=2A52*'#0!6*58'/6!\P>!R:U)//!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!
C0!2!6*58%!'0=#A='0(!05&6/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6.!25*)#&6!B#508!8'BB':5A*%!'0!/0(2('0(!/0#5()!&2*/&6!
#::5&&/8!'0!:26/6!;)/0!05&6/!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!8'8!0#*!&/`5'&/!;#&@'0(!;'*)!#*)/&6.!32@'0(!'*!)2&8!
*#!'8/0*'B%!:#AA/2(5/6!;)#!2&/!27A/!*#!$&#='8/!3/20'0(B5A!B//872:@!27#5*!*)/!05&6/!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6_!$/&B#&320:/!\<&2)23!^!9/5*)'0.!+,Tg]>!M0#*)/&!6*58%!'0=#A='0(!35A*'6#5&:/!
B//872:@!'0!05&6/6!'8/0*'B'/8!l2$$&#$&'2*/0/66!#B!&2*/&6_!26!2!32'0!*)/3/!B&#3!05&6/_6!B//872:@!
#0!*)/!B/26'7'A'*%!#B!*)/!$&#:/66>!O5&6/!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!*)/!6*58%!&/$#&*/8!*)2*!/=2A52*'#06!
6)#5A8!7/!:#AA/:*/8!B&#3!&2*/&6!*)2*!B'*!*)/!8/6:&'$*'#0!#B!l6#3/#0/!;)#!@0#;6!3/!7/6*_!
\P2320*)2!R:U)//!/*!2A>.!+,Tb]>!MA!H)2A'B2!/*!2A>!\+,TZ]!:#085:*/8!2!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!208!
65332&'J/8!/='8/0:/!#0!*)/!32'0!B2:*#&6!*)2*!'0BA5/0:/!*)/!/BB/:*'=/0/66!#B!35A*'Y6#5&:/!
B//872:@!266/663/0*6>!N0/!#B!*)/!B'08'0(6!#B!*)/!&/='/;!;26!35A*'Y6#5&:/!B//872:@!
266/663/0*6!2&/!3#6*!/BB/:*'=/!B#&!$)%6':'20!*&2'0//6!;)/0!*)/!&2*/&6!2&/!@0#;A/8(/27A/!208!
B23'A'2&!;'*)!*)/!$)%6':'206!208!*)/'&!$&2:*':/!\MA!H)2A'B2!/*!2A>.!+,TZ]>!4)'6!'0B#&32*'#0!*2@/0!
*#(/*)/&!;'*)!#5&!B'08'0(6!65((/6*6!2!$&/:5&6#&!*#!#7*2'0'0(!35A*'Y6#5&:/!B//872:@!/=2A52*'#06!
;#5A8!7/!*#!/065&/!*)/!28/`52:%!208!`52A'*%!#B!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0!/F$/&'/0:/8!7%!
/2:)!'0*/&0!85&'0(!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!$&'#&!*#!#7*2'0'0(!35A*'$A/!/=2A52*'#06>!9%!/065&'0(!
8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2:*'=/A%!$2&*':'$2*/!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!6/**'0(6.!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6!
;#&@'0(!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!6$)/&/!;#5A8!7/!3#&/!B23'A'2&!;'*)!*)/'&!$/&B#&320:/!208!
;#5A8!7/!`52A'B'/8!*#!/=2A52*/!*)/3>!4)'6!;#5A8!2A6#!$&#='8/!3#&/!#$$#&*50'*'/6!B#&!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&06!*#!6//@!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!'08'='852A6!;#&@'0(!'0!*)/'&!6$)/&/>!
!
Q)'A/!3#6*!'0*/&06!'0!#5&!6*58%!&/$#&*/8!0#*!7/'0(!2:*'=/!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!:#AA27#&2*'=/!6/**'0(6!
85&'0(!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0.!#0/!'0*/&0!$2'0*/8!2!8'BB/&/0*!$':*5&/!B&#3!*)/!&/6*>!4)/!'0*/&0!
8/6:&'7/8!)2='0(!35A*'$A/!'06*20:/6!#B!2:*'=/!$2&*':'$2*'#0!'0!)'()Y$2:/8!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!208!
:#AA27#&2*'=/!6/**'0(6!65:)!26!82'A%!&#5086.!;//@A%!3//*'0(6.!208!82'A%!:#3350':2*'#06!;'*)!
8#:*#&6!208!05&6/6!&/(2&8'0(!$2*'/0*!*&/2*3/0*!208!266/663/0*>!C0!288'*'#0.!*)'6!'0*/&0!
&/$#&*/8!6//'0(!*)/!)'()/6*!0537/&!#B!$2*'/0*6!82'A%!;'*)!$2*'/0*6!)2='0(!)'()/&!2:5'*%!*)20!
;)2*!;26!&/$#&*/8!7%!#*)/&!'0*/&06!\6//!*27A/!a]>!4)'6!;26!0#*/;#&*)%!6'0:/!'*!&/BA/:*/8!#0!*)/!
)'()!=2&'27'A'*%.!(2$6!'0!8#62(/.!208!`52A'*%!#B!/F$#65&/!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#06>!
4)'6!B'08'0(!;26!0#*!65&$&'6'0(>!U&'#&!6*58'/6!)2=/!/F$#6/8!*)/!;'8/!=2&'2*'#06!'0!*)/!3/*)#86!
#B!*&2'0'0(!'0!8'BB/&/0*!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236!\I23'/6#0!/*!2A>.!+,Te]>!1#;/=/&.!*)/6/!
6*58'/6!;/&/!7&#28!208!&/$#&*/8!(/0/&2A!:#0:/$*6!#B!*&2'0'0(!65:)!26!6'35A2*'#0.!;#&@$A2:/Y
726/8!266/663/0*.!#&!:#5&6/Y;#&@!/85:2*'#0>!4)/!6*58'/6!8'8!0#*!*#5:)!#0!8/*2'A6!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!
0537/&!#B!$2*'/0*6!3202(/8!82'A%!7%!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06.!*)/!2:5'*%!#B!$2*'/0*6!3202(/8.!*)/!A/=/A!
#B!'08/$/08/0:/!'0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06_!3202(/3/0*!#B!$2*'/0*6.!*)/!A/=/A!#B!/F$#65&/!*#!)'()Y
$2:/8!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!6/**'0(6.!208!*)/!85&2*'#0!#B!&#*2*'#06>!MAA!*)'6!'0B#&32*'#0!'6!2A6#!0#*!
:5&&/0*A%!&/`5'&/8!#&!6*2082&8'J/8!7%!M"LOD!6*2082&86>!M6!A#0(!26!*)/!'0*/&06!3//*!T,,,!)#5&6!
#B!65$/&='6/8!$&2:*':/.!'0:A58'0(!b,,!)#5&6!'0!$&#B/66'#02A!;#&@!6/**'0(6.!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!
$&#(&236!2&/!'08/$/08/0*A%!8/:'8'0(!)#;!*)'6!/F$#65&/!'6!3/*!\M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!
L85:2*'#0!'0!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6.!+,+T]>!4)/!;'8/!=2&'27'A'*%!#&!276/0:/!#B!/F$#65&/!!6#3/!
'0*/&06!/F$/&'/0:/8!75&8/0/8!*)/'&!27'A'*%!*#!)2=/!2!3/20'0(B5A!&#A/!85&'0(!*)/'&!:A'0':2A!
&#*2*'#0!208!*#!)2=/!B23'A'2&'*%!23#0(!)/2A*):2&/!$&#B/66'#02A6>!K5*5&/!6*58'/6!356*!/F$A#&/!
#$*'32A!&#*2*'#0!6'*/6!208!B2:*#&6!B#&!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!65:)!26V!'0*/&0!*'3/!
6$/0*!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'=/!6/**'0(6.!'0*/&0!*'3/!6$/0*!;'*)!$2*'/0*6.!2:5'*%!#B!
$2*'/0*!:26/6!3202(/8!7%!'0*/&0.!'0*/&0_6!'08/$/08/0:/!'0!$2*'/0*!3202(/3/0*.!0537/&!#B!
$2*'/0*6!3202(/8!82'A%.!208!`52A'*'/6!#B!$&/:/$*#&6f&#*2*'#06>!M88'*'#02A!:A'0':2A!&#*2*'#0!
:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!B#&!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!6)#5A8!7/!/F$A#&/8!65:)!26!'0$2*'/0*!
)#6$'*2A!6/**'0(6.!#5*$2*'/0*!:A'0':6.!&/)27'A2*'#0!:/0*/&6.!)#6$'*2A!6/**'0(6!;'*)!6$/:'2A'J/8!
$#$5A2*'#06!\65:)!26!$/8'2*&':]>!!
!
YPUPUP*7@<<=;<*UO*'>A;<>Cb*G=CKDBID<A*G<=L;>*F9*H;<K;=L;G*K@EC;C*DI*<@A;<Cb*<;f;KA=D>**
!
Q)/0!'0*/&06!;/&/!26@/8!27#5*!*)/!72&&'/&6!#B!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!B&#3!)/2A*):2&/!
$&#B/66'#02A6.!6/=/0!!#5*!#B!0'0/!!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!6*2*/8!&/26#06!2$$/2&/8!*#!7/!26653$*'#06!
208!'06/:5&'*'/6!27#5*!;)%!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!&2*/&6!;#5A8!&/G/:*!*)/'&!&/`5/6*>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!8'8!
0#*!8'&/:*A%!*2A@!27#5*!*)/'&!8'6:#3B#&*!#B!2$$&#2:)'0(!&2*/&6.!%/*!*)/'&!'06/:5&'*'/6!208!
8'6:#3B#&*!;/&/!'08'&/:*A%!'3$A'/8!'0!*)/!'0*/&='/;6>!D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!8/6:&'7/8!*)/36/A=/6!26!
0#*!'3$#&*20*!\/F23$A/.!m2!3#6`5'*#_]!208!8/6:&'7/8!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!26!0#*!2!$&'#&'*%!*#!*)/!
)/2A*):2&/!6*2BB>!4)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!2A6#!A'6*/8!26653$*'#06!27#5*!72&&'/&6!&/A2*/8!*#!*'3'0(.!
3/*)#86.!#&!#*)/&!$&#G/:*'#06!B#&!;)%!&2*/&6!;#5A8!0#*!:#3$A/*/!*)/!/=2A52*'#06>!P#3/!6*2*/8!
2!72&&'/&!;26!0#*!('='0(!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!*#!*)/'&!&2*/&6!'33/8'2*/A%!2B*/&!)2='0(!20!'0*/&2:*'#0!
;'*)!*)/3!#&!2B*/&!)2='0(!2!3/20'0(B5A!;#&@!/F$/&'/0:/!*#(/*)/&>!P#3/!62'8!)/2A*):2&/!
$&2:*'*'#0/&6!2&/!756%!208!'B!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!;/&/!0#*!$A2:/8!'0!*)/!&/`5'&/8!/=2A52*'#0!$2:@/*!
2*!*)/!7/('00'0(!#B!*)/!&#*2*'#0.!*)/0!*)/!$&/:/$*#&6!208!*)/!:A'0':2A!*/23!;#5A8!0#*!:#06'8/&!'*!
32082*#&%!#&!0/:/662&%!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!/=2A52*'#6>!P#3/!B5&*)/&!65((/6*/8!*)/!6*2BB!32%!)2=/!
7//0!3#&/!#$/0!*#!*)/!*26@!'B!*)/!8'&/:*#&!#B!*)/'&!8'/*/*':!$&#(&23!)28!328/!$&'#&!
2&&20(/3/0*6!;'*)!*)/!&#*2*'#0!6'*/!B#&!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!*#!7/!32082*#&%>!4)/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!
6*2*/8!*)2*!65:)!$&#:/66/6!;#5A8!)2=/!&/A'/=/8!*)/!75&8/0!#B!*)/3!6//@'0(!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!
;'*)#5*!65$$#&*>!1#;/=/&.!2AA!*)/!27#=/!&/26#06!;/&/!('=/0!'0!6*2*/3/0*6!'3$A%'0(!*)/!&/26#06!
;/&/!6*/33'0(!B&#3!*)/!'0*/&06_!#;0!$/&:/'=/8!72&&'/&6!208!0#*!B&#3!*)/!/=2A52*#&6!
*)/36/A=/6>!4)/!6*2*/3/0*6!'0:A58/8!;#&86!65:)!26!lC_!#&!lR%_.!#&!l'*!;26!)2&8!*#!2$$&#2:)!
*)/3_!#&!l'*!;#5A8!)2=/!*2@/0!*'3/!#5*!#B!*)/'&!82%_>!C0!288'*'#0.!'08'&/:*!3/*)#86!208!2=/05/6!
*#!&/`5/6*!/=2A52*'#06!;/&/!56/8!7%!*)/!$2&*':'$20*6>!NB!*)/!0'0/!'0*/&06.!6/=/0!!&/6#&*/8!*#!
3/*)#86!*)2*!2=#'8/8!2!8'&/:*!B2:/Y*#YB2:/!&/`5/6*!#B!/=2A52*'#06.!65:)!26!(#'0(!*)&#5()!*)/'&!
$&/:/$*#&6.!6/08'0(!3266!3/662(/!&/`5/6*6!#0!(&#5$!:)2*6.!#&!6/08'0(!#5*!20!/32'A!;'*)#5*!
$&'#&!:#3350':2*'#0!27#5*!'*>!N0A%!*;#!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!&/`5/6*/8!/=2A52*'#06!=/&72AA%.!'0!
$/&6#0>!4)'6!6//36!*#!65((/6*!*)/!'0*/&06!2=#'8/8!2!=/&72A!&/`5/6*!#B!/=2A52*'#06!A'@/A%!#5*!#B!
8'6:#3B#&*>!4)/!'0*/&06_!$/&:/$*'#0!#0!;)2*!:#5A8!)2=/!$&/=/0*/8!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!&2*/&6!B&#3!
7/'0(!27A/!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!/=2A52*'#06!32%!)2=/!7//0!:#&&/:*.!75*!'*!;26!726/8!#0!
26653$*'#06!*)2*!;/&/!0#*!=/&'B'/8!7%!*)/!$#*/0*'2A!/=2A52*#&6!*)/36/A=/6>!S/(2&8A/66!#B!*)/!
&/26#06!A'6*/8!7%!*)/!'0*/&06.!;)2*!'6!:A/2&.!;26!*)2*!*)/!'0*/&06!8'8!0#*!2**/3$*!*#!&/2:)!
/0#5()!/=2A52*#&6>!4)'6!'6!/='8/0*!'0!*)/!8/6:&'$*'=/!82*2!6)#;'0(!*)2*!'0*/&06!&/2:)/8!ZYg!
/=2A52*#&6!;'*)![>a!7/'0(!*)/!2=/&2(/!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*#&6!'0='*/8>!!
!
K5*5&/!6*58'/6!6)#5A8!:#06'8/&!$&#='8'0(!'0*/&06!;'*)!2!*2&(/*!0537/&!#B!/=2A52*#&6!B#&!*)/3!*#!
&/2:)!&2*)/&!*)20!2!*2&(/*!0537/&!#B!*#*2A!/=2A52*'#06!*#!&/2:)>!4)/!&/6$#06/!&2*/!#B!-gk!*)2*!
;26!$&#85:/8!'0!#5&!&/65A*6!:20!(5'8/!*)/!:2A:5A2*'#0!#B!*)/!*2&(/*!0537/&!#B!&2*/&6>!K#&!
/F23$A/.!'B!T+!/=2A52*#&6!2&/!0//8/8.!+[!/=2A52*#&6!6)#5A8!7/!'0='*/8>!"#06'8/&2*'#06!6)#5A8!
2A6#!7/!8#0/!B#&!B2:*#&6!*)2*!&/A'/=/!8'6:#3B#&*!B#&!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06>!U&/Y2&&20('0(!2!32082*#&%!
/=2A52*'#0!$&#:/66!*)2*!'6!2(&//8!#0!7/*;//0!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&23!8'&/:*#&6!208!:A'0':2A!
&#*2*'#0!6'*/6!32%!32@/!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06!B//A!3#&/!65$$#&*/8!208!32%!'3$&#=/!&/2:)!208!
&/*5&0>!C0!2!6*58%!7%!X'#A2*#!/*!2A>!\+,,Z].!*)/!25*)#&6!8/=/A#$/8!208!*/6*/8!2!35A*'6#5&:/!
B//872:@!/=2A52*'#0!*##A!#0!65&(/#06>!4)/!25*)#&6!&/$#&*/8!*)/!/=2A52*'#0!$)26/!#B!*)/!RPK!
*/6*'0(!B#&!*)/'&!6*58%!;26!$2&*!#B!2!32082*#&%!$&#(&23!\X'#A2*#!/*!2A>.!+,,Z]>!4)/'&!&/65A*6!
$&#85:/8!3#&/!*)20!g,k!&/6$#06/!&2*/!;'*)!/'()*!3/8':2A!:#AA/2(5/!266/66#&6.!/'()*!
:#;#&@/&6.!208!+[!$2*'/0*6!\X'#A2*#!/*!2A>.!+,,Z]>!4/6*'0(!2!6'3'A2&!3/*)#8#A#(%!B#&!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&06!:#5A8!32@/!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!*##A!3#&/!B/26'7A/>!M!32082*#&%!2$$&#2:)!B#&!:#3$A/*'0(!
*)/!266/663/0*!:#5A8!2A6#!6'35A*20/#56A%!8&'=/!*)/!$&/:/$*#&6!208!'0*/&06!*#!6//@!3#&/!
#$$#&*50'*'/6!B#&!&':)!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!:#AA27#&2*'#0.!*#!32@/!20!'0*/0*'#02A!/BB#&*!B#&!2:*'=/!
$2&*':'$2*'#0!'0!65:)!6/**'0(6.!208!*#!A/2=/!2!3/3#&27A/!'3$&/66'#0!#0!3/37/&6!#B!
65&&#508'0(!)/2A*):2&/!*/236>!H0#;'0(!*)2*!*)/!B'02A!/=2A52*'#06!208!(&28/6!;'AA!8/$/08!#0!2AA!
*)/6/!B2:*#&6!;'AA!8&'=/!*)/!'0*/&06_!208!$&/:/$*#&6_!3#*'=2*'#0!*#!/3$)26'J/!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!
:#AA27#&2*'#0!/F$/&'/0:/6>!!
!
YPUP.P*-@A=CI@KA=D>*]=A:*@CC;CCB;>A*
!
4)/!RPKZa,!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!;26!5020'3#56A%!:#06'8/&/8!62*'6B2:*#&%!7%!2AA!$2&*':'$20*6>!
D'/*/*':!'0*/&06!(2=/!$#6'*'=/!B//872:@!27#5*!*)/'&!/F$/&'/0:/!;'*)!*)/!266/663/0*>!4)'6!;26!
:#06'6*/0*!;'*)!#*)/&!*)/3/6!208!206;/&6!&/$#&*/8!'0!*)/!'0*/&='/;6!;)/&/!'0*/&06!:#06'8/&/8!
*)/!266/663/0*!8#:53/0*!/26%!*#!B#AA#;.!6)#&*.!208!/26%!*#!508/&6*208>!Q)/0!$2&*':'$20*6!
;/&/!26@/8!;)2*!*)/%!*)#5()*!;/&/!*)/!B2:'A'*2*#&6!B#&!#7*2'0'0(!/=2A52*'#06!/'()*!#5*!#B!*)/!
0'0/!$2&*':'$20*6!6*2*/8!*)/!266/663/0*!8#:53/0*!;26!=/&%!/26%!*#!B#AA#;.!`5':@!*#!:#3$A/*/.!
208!)26!:#0=/0'/0*!cS!:#8/6!208!A'0@6!*#!B2:'A'*2*/!:#3$A/*'#0>!C0*/&06!6*2*/8!*)/%!*&28'*'#02AA%!
56/!$2$/&!/=2A52*'#06!*#!:#3$A/*/!*)/!266/663/0*6!&/`5'&/8!7%!*)/'&!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&23!6'*/6.!
75*!*)/!cS!:#8/6!208!A'0@6!;/&/!$&/B/&&/8>!4)/!*##A!'*6/AB!6//36!*#!:2&&%!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!*)2*!2&/!
62*'6B2:*#&%!208!*)2*!65$$#&*!B/26'7'A'*%>!K5*5&/!*/6*'0(!#B!*)/!RPK!8'/*/*':!266/663/0*!*##A!
6)#5A8!&/*2'0!*)/6/!:)2&2:*/&'6*':6!208!*/6*!*)/3!;'*)!$&#:/85&/6!*)2*!&/3#=/!*)/!72&&'/&6!
'8/0*'B'/8!'0!#5&!6*58%>!!
!
YPUPVP*-A<;>NA:C*@>G*J=B=A@A=D>C**
!
N5&!6*58%!:2&&'/8!6/=/&2A!6*&/0(*)6>!4)/!"#06#A'82*/8!"&'*/&'2!B#&!S/$#&*'0(!c52A'*2*'=/!
S/6/2&:)!:)/:@A'6*!;26!56/8!*#!(5'8/!6*58%!8/6'(0!208!&/$#&*'0(>!P:&'$*6!;/&/!$&/$2&/8!*#!
02='(2*/!6/3'Y6*&5:*5&/8!'0*/&='/;6>!S/:&5'*3/0*!208!/0&#AA3/0*!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!;26!)2A*/8!
#0A%!2B*/&!*)/32*':!62*5&2*'#0!;26!&/2:)/8>!M6!B#&!*)/!A'3'*2*'#06. *)'6!6*58%!B#:56/8!#0!
7&/28*).!0#*!8/$*)>!K5&*)/&!$&#7'0(!#B!$2&*':'$20*6!'0!B#AA#;Y5$!'0*/&='/;6!;#5A8!)2=/!)/A$/8!
50$2:@!3#&/!8/*2'A!208!8/$*)!&/(2&8'0(!*)/!'8/0*'B'/8!B2:'A'*2*#&6!208!72&&'/&6!#B!&/:/'='0(!
35A*'$A/!=#A50*2&%!&2*/&!/=2A52*'#06>!K'02AA%.!#5&!6*58%!208!623$A/!8#!0#*!&/$&/6/0*!2AA!8'/*/*':!
'0*/&06)'$!/F$/&'/0:/6!208!'6!*)56!0#*!(/0/&2A'J/27A/!*#!2AA!8'/*/*':!'0*/&06)'$!$&#(&236>!!
!
!
/P 5%(5$2-'%(*
!
C0=/6*'(2*'0(!*)/!266/663/0*!(5'8/6!208!$&2:*':/6!#B!*)/!8'/*/*':6!:5&&':5A53!$&#='8/6!20!
#$$#&*50'*%!*#!$'0$#'0*!(2$6!208!*#!6)/8!A'()*!#0!2&/26!#B!'3$&#=/3/0*6!*#;2&8!=2A'8!8'/*/*':!
266/663/0*6>!N5&!$&#G/:*!0#*/8!8/BB':'/0:'/6!8#!/F'6*!7/*;//0!*)/!6@'AA6!&/`5'&/8!'0!*)/!8'/*/*':!
:5&&':5A53!208!*)/!6@'AA6!/F$/:*/8!B&#3!$&2:*'*'#0/&6!;)#!&/(5A2&A%!:#AA27#&2*/!;'*)!8'/*'*'206!
#0!$2*'/0*!3202(/3/0*!:26/6>!O#0Y*/:)0':2A!:#3$/*/0:'/6!'0:A58'0(!:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28'0/66.!
:2&//&Y&/28'0/66.!208!6$/2@'0(!;'*)!:/&*2'0*%!2&/!'3$#&*20*!B#&!:#3$/*/0*!8'/*/*':!$&2:*':/.!%/*!
*)/%!2&/!/'*)/&!0#*!3/0*'#0/8!#&!0#*!/F$A':'*A%!&/$&/6/0*/8!'0!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!
6*2082&86>!LF$208'0(!#0!*)/!M"LOD!:#&/!:#3$/*/0:%!6*2082&86!'6!0//8/8!*#!$&#$/&A%!(5'8/!
8'/*/*':!$&#(&23!266/663/0*6>!C0!288'*'#0.!#5&!$&#G/:*!B#508!*)2*!/3$A#%'0(!20!266/663/0*!*##A!
'3$2&*'0(!35A*'$A/!6#5&:/6!#B!/=2A52*#&6!'6!2!62*'6B2:*#&%!208!/26%Y*#Y56/!3/*)#8!#B!266/66'0(!
8'/*'*'206>!1#;/=/&.!RPK!32%!0#*!7/!B/26'7A/!'0!6/**'0(6!;)/&/!8'/*'*'206!2&/!0#*!/F$#6/8!*#!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/F$/&'/0:/6!*)&#5()!;)':)!*)/%!:#AA27#&2*/!;'*)!$#*/0*'2A!&2*/&6>!K5*5&/!
6*58'/6!6)#5A8!/F$A#&/!*)/!6/**'0(6!'0!;)':)!'*!;#5A8!7/!B/26'7A/!*#!'3$A/3/0*!2!8'/*/*':!
266/663/0*!*##A!&/`5'&'0(!35A*'$A/!6#5&:/6!#B!&2*/&6>!!
4;I;<;>K;C!
M:28/3%!#B!O5&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6>!\+,+T]>!Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Strategic Plan>!
)**$6Vff;;;>/2*&'()*$&#>#&(fYf3/8'2fB'A/6f/2*&'()*$&#f27#5*Y56f6*&2*/(':Y$A20Y2$&'AY
+,+Txx>$8B!
M:28/3%!#B!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6>!\+,+Z]>!Inclusion Diversity Equity and Access>!S/*&'/=/8!
K/7&52&%!Ta>!+,+Z!B&#3!)**$6Vff;;;>/2*&'()*$&#>#&(f'8/2f'0:A56'#0Y8'=/&6'*%Y/`5'*%Y
208Y2::/66!
M::&/8'*2*'#0!"#50:'A!B#&!L85:2*'#0!'0!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6>!\+,+T]>!M"LOD!M::&/8'*2*'#0!
P*2082&86!B#&!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6!C0*/&06)'$!U&#(&236>!
)**$6Vff;;;>/2*&'()*$&#>#&(fYf3/8'2fB'A/6f/2*&'()*$&#f2:/08f2::&/8'*2*'#0Y6*2082&86Y
B//6Y208Y$#A':'/6f+,++Y6*2082&86Y208Y*/3$A2*/6f+,++Y2::&/8'*2*'#0Y6*2082&86YB#&Y
05*&'*'#0Y208Y8'/*/*':6Y'0*/&06)'$Y$&#(&236>$8B!!
M8/6#$/.!N>!N>.!4&/='620.!D>!M>.!^!P5082&2&2G20.!O>!\+,Tb]>!S/*)'0@'0(!*)/!56/!#B!*/6*6V!M!3/*2Y
202A%6'6!#B!$&2:*':/!*/6*'0(>!Review of Educational Research. 87\Z].!a[eYb,T>!!
MA!H)2A'B2.!H>.!MA!M062&'.!M>.!X'#A2*#.!">.!^!D#00#0.!4>!\+,TZ]>!R5A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!*#!266/66!
65&(':2A!$&2:*':/V!2!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;>!Journal of surgical education. 70\-].!-b[Y-ga>!!
922&*320.!E>!H>.!926*'2/06.!4>!I>.!H'&6:)0/&.!U>!M>.!^!X20!8/&!XA/5*/0.!">!U>!\+,,a]>!4)/!;)//A!#B!
:#3$/*/0:%!266/663/0*V!U&/6/0*'0(!`52A'*%!:&'*/&'2!B#&!:#3$/*/0:%!266/663/0*!
$&#(&236>!Studies in educational evaluation. 32\+].!T[ZYTb,>!!
92:#0.!S>.!1#A3/6.!H>.!^!U2A/&3#.!">!\+,Tb]>!LF$A#&'0(!657G/:*'='*%!'0!:#3$/*/0:%Y726/8!
266/663/0*!G58(/3/0*6!#B!266/66#&6>!Nutr Diet. 74\-].!Z[bYZa->!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTTTfTb-bY,,g,>T+Z+a!!
9'&*.!E>.!P:#**.!P>.!"2=/&6.!D>.!"23$7/AA.!">.!^!Q2A*/&.!K>!\+,Ta]>!R/37/&!")/:@'0(V!M!4##A!*#!
L0)20:/!4&56*;#&*)'0/66!#&!R/&/A%!2!O#8!*#!X2A'82*'#0j!Qual Health Res. 26\TZ].!Tg,+Y
TgTT>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTbbfT,-ebZ+ZTaa[-gb,!!
9&250.!X>.!^!"A2&@/.!X>!\+,,a]>!W6'0(!*)/32*':!202A%6'6!'0!$6%:)#A#(%>!Qualitative Research in
Psychology. 3\+].!bbYT,T>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTeTfT-bg,ggb,a`$,aZ#2!!
9&#3'A/%.!R>!\+,,g]>!12=/!%#5!/=/&!328/!2!3'6*2@/>!R Coll Anaesth Bull. 48.!+--+Y+--[>!!
")/6A5@.!9>!I>.!S/88%.!P>.!1/66.!9>.!9/&027/#.!L>.!E%00.!E>.!^!1#A37#/.!L>!\+,T[]>!M66/66'0(!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*/23;#&@V!$'A#*!*/6*!#B!2!0/;!266/663/0*!3#85A/!B#&!$&2:*':'0(!
$)%6':'206>!Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 35\T].!ZYT,>!!
"##@.!D>!M>.!9/:@320.!4>!I>.!R208&/@2&.!I>!O>.!^!U20@&2*J.!X>!P>!\+,T,]>!C0*/&02A!6*&5:*5&/!#B!3'0'Y
"Lr!6:#&/6!B#&!'0*/&02A!3/8':'0/!&/6'8/0*6V!B2:*#&!202A%6'6!208!(/0/&2A'J27'A'*%>!Advances
in Health Sciences Education. 15.!aZZYa-[>!!
"##@.!D>!M>.!D5$&26.!D>!R>.!9/:@320.!4>!I>.!4)#326.!H>!<>.!^!U20@&2*J.!X>!P>!\+,,e]>!LBB/:*!#B!&2*/&!
*&2'0'0(!#0!&/A'27'A'*%!208!2::5&2:%!#B!3'0'Y"Lr!6:#&/6V!2!&208#3'J/8.!:#0*&#AA/8!*&'2A>!J
Gen Intern Med. 24\T].!b-Ybe>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,bf6TTa,aY,,gY,g-+YZ!!
"&#66A/%.!I>!<>!\+,T[]>!D/=/A#$3/0*!208!=2A'82*'#0!#B!2!*&56*;#&*)%!35A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!
'06*&53/0*!*#!65$$#&*!05&6/!2$$&2'62A6>!Journal of Continuing Education in the Health
Professions. 35\+].!eTYeg>!!
D#00#0.!4>.!MA!M062&'.!M>.!MA!MA2;'.!P>.!^!X'#A2*#.!">!\+,T-]>!4)/!&/A'27'A'*%.!=2A'8'*%.!208!B/26'7'A'*%!
#B!35A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!$)%6':'20!266/663/0*V!2!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;>!Acad Med. 89\Z].!
[TTY[Ta>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,ebf2:3>,,,,,,,,,,,,,T-b!!
D#&%.!X>.!Q2(0/&.!R>.!"&5/66.!S>.!"&5/66.!P>.!^!?#50(.!R>!\+,+Z]>!CB!;/!266/66.!;'AA!*)/%!A/2&0j!
P*58/0*6m!$/&6$/:*'=/6!#0!*)/!:#3$A/F'*'/6!#B!266/663/0*YB#&YA/2&0'0(>!Can Med Educ J.
14\-].!e-YT,->!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>ZagZ-f:3/G>bZgb[!!
D58J'@.!I>!R>.!P/0@56.!H>!L>.!L=/&*.!M>!9>.!S2%0#&.!1>!M>.!S#J(2.!R>.!12085.!D>.!^!R#A#0/%.!E>!R>!
\+,+Z]>!4)/!/BB/:*'=/0/66!#B!3/8':2A!05*&'*'#0!*)/&2$%!$&#='8/8!7%!2!8'/*'*'20!'0!285A*6!
;'*)!$&/8'27/*/6V!2!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!208!3/*2Y202A%6'6>!The American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. 118\[].!ge+YeT,>!!
LA'#*.!H>!M>.!Em1#&6/*.!M>!R>.!<'76#0.!H>.!^!U/*&#6@%.!P>!\+,+T]>!C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!208!
"#AA27#&2*'=/!U&2:*':/!'0!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6!+,+,V!M0!W$82*/>!J Acad Nutr Diet.
121\-].!aZbYa-a>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,+,>,g>,T,!!
LAA'#*.!D>!E>.!^!1':@23.!D>!1>!\Tegb]>!L=2A52*'#0!#B!$)%6':2A!/F23'02*'#0!6@'AA6V!&/A'27'A'*%!#B!
B2:5A*%!#76/&=/&6!208!$2*'/0*!'06*&5:*#&6>!JAMA. 258\+Z].!Z-,[YZ-,g>!!
K25('/&.!I>.!^!P2&(/20*.!R>!\Teeb]>!P23$A'0(!)2&8!*#!&/2:)!$#$5A2*'#06>!J Adv Nurs. 26\-].!be,Y
beb>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,-afG>TZa[Y+a-g>Teeb>,,ZbT>F!!
KA/*:)/&.!S>!9>.!R/%/&.!E>!1>.!M08/&6#0.!1>.!I#)06*#0.!U>.!^!S//6.!R>!\+,T+]>!K2:5A*%!208!P*58/0*6!
"#0:/$*'#06!#B!M66/663/0*!'0!1'()/&!L85:2*'#0>!Higher Education. 64\T].!TTeYTZZ>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,bf6T,bZ-Y,TTYe-g-YT!!
<20J2:).!?>!\Tee[]>!O/(2*'='*%!\208!$#6'*'='*%]!'0!$/&B#&320:/!/=2A52*'#0V!4)&//!B'/A8!6*58'/6>!
Journal of Applied Psychology. 80\-].!-eT>!!
</&(/&':).!L>.!9#A208.!D>.!^!P:#**.!R>!M>!\+,Te]>!1'/&2&:)'/6!'0!'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!*&2'0'0(>!Journal
of Interprofessional Care. 33\[].![+gY[Z[>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,g,fTZ[aTg+,>+,Tg>T[ZgTT,!!
<'A7/&*.!I>!1>.!?20.!I>.!^!1#BB320.!P>!I>!\+,T,]>!M!Q1N!&/$#&*V!B&23/;#&@!B#&!2:*'#0!#0!
'0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!/85:2*'#0!208!:#AA27#&2*'=/!$&2:*':/>!J Allied Health. 39 Suppl 1.!TeaY
Teb>!!
<##8/AA.!E>!P>.!P*2(/.!X>!">.!^!"##@/.!O>!H>!\+,Ta]>!U&2:*':2A!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:)!6*&2*/('/6V!
4&2'0'0(!'0*/&='/;/&6!208!:#8/&6>!Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 48\g].!
[bgY[g[>!/[bT>!!
<&2)23.!S>.!^!9/5*)'0.!S>!\+,Tg]>!LF$A#&'0(!*)/!LBB/:*'=/0/66!#B!R5A*'6#5&:/!K//872:@!208!
"#2:)'0(!;'*)!O5&6/!U&2:*'*'#0/&6>!Nursing Leadership (1910-622X). 31\T]>!!
<&//0.!9>.!N/$$/0.!S>!P>.!P3'*).!D>!Q>.!^!9&/0020.!U>!M>!\+,Tb]>!")2AA/0('0(!)'/&2&:)%!'0!
)/2A*):2&/!*/236!y!;2%6!*#!BA2**/0!(&28'/0*6!*#!'3$&#=/!*/23;#&@!208!$2*'/0*!:2&/>!
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 55\[].!--eY-[Z>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(f)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>7G#36>+,Tb>,+>,T,!!
<&//0;##8.!9>!O>.!12&8/320.!S>!S>.!1520(.!E>.!^!P#G#5&0/&.!M>!\+,+,]>!U)%6':'20Y$2*'/0*!&2:'2A!
:#0:#&820:/!208!8'6$2&'*'/6!'0!7'&*)'0(!3#&*2A'*%!B#&!0/;7#&06>!Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
117\Z[].!+TTe-Y+T+,,>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,bZf$026>TeTZ-,[TTb!!
1/00'0@.!R>.!^!H2'6/&.!9>!O>!\+,++]>!P23$A/!6'J/6!B#&!62*5&2*'#0!'0!`52A'*2*'=/!&/6/2&:)V!M!
6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!#B!/3$'&':2A!*/6*6>!Social Science & Medicine. 292.!TT-[+Z>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(f)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>6#:6:'3/8>+,+T>TT-[+Z!!
1/&7/&6!I&.!I>!L>.!O#/A.!<>!E>.!"##$/&.!<>!P>.!12&=/%.!I>.!U20(2&#.!E>!O>.!^!Q/2=/&.!R>!I>!\Tege]>!
1#;!2::5&2*/!2&/!B2:5A*%!/=2A52*'#06!#B!:A'0':2A!:#3$/*/0:/j!Journal of General Internal
Medicine. 4\Z].!+,+Y+,g>!!
1'AA.!K>.!H/082AA.!H>.!<2A7&2'*).!H>.!^!"&#66A/%.!I>!\+,,e]>!C3$A/3/0*'0(!*)/!508/&(&2852*/!3'0'Y
"LrV!2!*2'A#&/8!2$$&#2:)!2*!P#5*)23$*#0!W0'=/&6'*%>!Medical Education. 43\-].!Z+aYZZ->!!
1#A37#/.!L>!P>!\+,+T]>!4)/!4&206B#&32*'#02A!U2*)!M)/28V!"#3$/*/0:%Y926/8!R/8':2A!L85:2*'#0!
'0!K23'A%!R/8':'0/>!Fam Med. 53\b].![gZY[ge>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>++-[-fK23R/8>+,+T>+eaeT-!!
1#A37#/.!L>!P>.!^!E#76*.!Q>!K>!\+,+,]>!M"<RL!M66/663/0*!<5'8/7##@>!
)**$6Vff;;;>2:(3/>#&(f(A#72A266/*6fUDK6fR'A/6*#0/6f<5'8/7##@6fM66/663/0*<5'8/7
##@>$8B!!
1#56/!#B!D/A/(2*/6>!\+,++]>!Developing Collaborative-Ready Practitioners>!8/=/A#$'0(Y
:#AA27#&2*'=/Y&/28%Y$&2:*'*'#0/&6>$8B!
15&A/%.!I>.!^!15*:)'06#0.!R>!\+,+,]>!1'/&2&:)%!208!3/8':2A!/&&#&V!P$/2@'0(!5$!;)/0!;'*0/66'0(!
20!/&&#&>!Safety Science. 125.!T,-a-g>!!
C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!"#AA27#&2*'=/>!\+,Ta]>!Core Competencies for Interprofessional
Collaborative Practice: 2016 Update>!)**$6Vff'$/:>3/37/&:A':@6>0/*f266/*6f+,TaY
W$82*/>$8B!
C&2320//&2*.!">.!^!?58@#;6@%.!S>!\+,,b]>!S2*/&!/&&#&6!'0!2!:A'0':2A!6@'AA6!266/663/0*!#B!3/8':2A!
6*58/0*6>!Eval Health Prof. 30\Z].!+aaY+gZ>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTbbf,TaZ+bgb,bZ,-,-,!!
I23'/6#0.!I>.!U2A/&3#.!">.!12%.!R>.!^!<'76#0.!P>!\+,Te]>!M66/663/0*!U&2:*':/6!B#&!D'/*/*':6!
4&2'0//6V!M!P%6*/32*':!S/='/;>!J Acad Nutr Diet. 119\+].!+b+Y+e+>/++Z>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,Tg>,e>,T,!!
I/**%.!M>.!I2772&$#5&.!?>.!U#AA2:@.!I>.!15/&*#.!S>.!Q##.!P>.!^!U/**/&6#0.!P>!\+,++]>!U2*'/0*Y
U)%6':'20!&2:'2A!:#0:#&820:/!266#:'2*/8!;'*)!'3$&#=/8!)/2A*):2&/!56/!208!A#;/&!
)/2A*):2&/!/F$/08'*5&/6!'0!3'0#&'*%!$#$5A2*'#06>!J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 9\T].!
agYgT>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,bf6-,aT[Y,+,Y,,eZ,Y-!!
I#0/6.!M>.!9A2@/.!I>.!M8236.!R>.!H/AA%.!D>.!R200'#0.!S>.!^!R27/0.!I>!\+,+T]>!C0*/&=/0*'#06!
$&#3#*'0(!/3$A#%//!z6$/2@'0(Y5$z!;'*)'0!)/2A*):2&/!;#&@$A2:/6V!M!6%6*/32*':!
02&&2*'=/!&/='/;!#B!*)/!'0*/&02*'#02A!A'*/&2*5&/>!Health Policy. 125\Z].!Zb[YZg->!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>)/2A*)$#A>+,+,>T+>,Ta!!
H2A/*.!M>.!L2&$.!I>!M>.!^!H#;A#;'*J.!X>!\Tee+]>!1#;!;/AA!8#!B2:5A*%!/=2A52*/!*)/!'0*/&='/;'0(!6@'AA6!
#B!3/8':2A!6*58/0*6j!Journal of General Internal Medicine. 7.!-eeY[,[>!!
H':@A'()*/&.!I>!S>.!D#&0/&.!9>.!150*/&.!M>!R>.!H%A/.!R>.!UBA5()!U&/6:#**.!R>.!S#7/&*6.!P>.!P$/2&.!9>.!
1208.!S>!H>.!^!9%&0/.!">!\+,Tb]>!X'6'#0'0(!S/$#&*!+,TbV!M!U&/B/&&/8!U2*)!K#&;2&8!B#&!*)/!
O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6!U&#B/66'#0>!J Acad Nutr Diet. 117\T].!TT,YT+b>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,Ta>,e>,+b!!
H'3.!P>.!M$$/A7253.!O>!U>.!92@/&.!O>.!92G;2.!O>!R>.!")5.!K>.!U2A.!I>!D>.!"#:)&20.!O>!L>.!^!9#:)2*2%.!
O>!\+,+,]>!U2*'/0*!P2B/*%!N=/&!U#;/&!1'/&2&:)%V!M!P:#$'0(!S/='/;!#B!1/2A*):2&/!
U&#B/66'#02A6m!P$/2@'0(Y5$!P@'AA6!4&2'0'0(>!J Healthc Qual. 42\[].!+-eY+aZ>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,ebfG)`>,,,,,,,,,,,,,+[b!!
H0/@*2.!L>.!S50%#0.!">.!^!L88%.!P>!\+,Te]>!N0/!P'J/!D#/60m*!K'*!MAAV!W6'0(!K2:*#&!M02A%6'6!*#!
<2*)/&!X2A'8'*%!L='8/0:/!Q)/0!W6'0(!P5&=/%6!'0!?#5&!S/6/2&:)>!CBE Life Sci Educ. 18\T].!
&3T>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTgbf:7/>TgY,-Y,,a-!!
H#/3/A.!O>!M>.!P)2B'/'J28/).!H>.!^!K2&&.!9>!S>!\+,+T]>!"2&//&!S/28'0/66!'0!*)/!D'/*/*':6!
"5&&':5A53>!J Acad Nutr Diet. 121\T].!T[Y+->!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,+,>,b>,T[!!
E2R20*'2.!I>.!?2&&'6.!E>!R>.!P50(2.!H>.!Q/'J7/&(.!R>.!12&*.!D>.!K2&'02.!<>.!S#8&'(5/J.!L>.!E5:26.!S>.!
R2)3##*).!n>.!P0#:@.!M>.!^!E#:@%/2&.!I>!\+,Tb]>!D/=/A#$'0(!208!C3$A/3/0*'0(!2!
R5A*'6#5&:/!K//872:@!4##A!*#!M66/66!"#3$/*/0:'/6!#B!L3/&(/0:%!R/8':'0/!S/6'8/0*6!'0!
*)/!W0'*/8!P*2*/6>!AEM Educ Train. 1\Z].!+-ZY+-e>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,+f2/*+>T,,-Z!!
E//.!X>.!9&2'0.!H>.!^!R2&*'0.!I>!\+,Te]>!K&#3!#$/0'0(!*)/!m7A2:@!7#Fm!*#!A##@'0(!7/)'08!*)/!
:5&*2'0V!:#(0'*'#0!208!:#0*/F*!'0!266/66#&Y726/8!G58(/3/0*6>!Adv Health Sci Educ
Theory Pract. 24\T].!g[YT,+>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,bf6T,-[eY,TgYeg[TY,!!
E/3'/5FY")2&A/6.!E>.!^!R:<5'&/.!Q>!E>!\+,,a]>!Q)2*!8#!;/!@0#;!27#5*!)/2A*)!:2&/!*/23!
/BB/:*'=/0/66j!M!&/='/;!#B!*)/!A'*/&2*5&/>!Medical care research and review. 63\Z].!+aZY
Z,,>!!
E#:@%/&.!I>!\+,TZ]>!R5A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@V!:20!'*!3//*!:&'*/&'2!B#&!(##8!266/663/0*j!J Contin
Educ Health Prof. 33\+].!geYeg>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,+f:)$>+TTbT!!
E#:@%/&.!I>.!"2&&2::'#.!">.!")20.!R>!H>.!12&*.!D>.!P3//.!P>.!4#5:)'/.!">.!1#A37#/.!L>!P>.!^!K&20@.!I>!
S>!\+,Tb]>!"#&/!$&'0:'$A/6!#B!266/663/0*!'0!:#3$/*/0:%Y726/8!3/8':2A!/85:2*'#0>!Med
Teach. 39\a].!a,eYaTa>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,g,f,T-+T[eF>+,Tb>TZT[,g+!!
R2&(#A'6.!R>!I>.!"A256/&.!9>!L>.!"588%.!R>!R>.!"'::#0/.!M>.!R//.!I>.!12&'@.!U>.!^!12;@'06.!S>!L>!
\+,,a]>!W6/!#B!*)/!3'0'Y:A'0':2A!/=2A52*'#0!/F/&:'6/!*#!&2*/!/F23'0//!$/&B#&320:/!#0!2!
35A*'$A/Y6*2*'#0!:A'0':2A!6@'AA6!/F23'02*'#0V!2!=2A'8'*%!6*58%>!Academic Medicine. 81\T,].!
P[aYPa,>!!
R2&*'0.!I>!M>.!S/J0':@.!S>!H>.!S#*)320.!M>.!4237A%0.!S>!R>.!^!S/(/)&.!<>!\Teea]>!Q)#!6)#5A8!&2*/!
:208'82*/6!'0!20!#7G/:*'=/!6*&5:*5&/8!:A'0':2A!/F23'02*'#0j!Academic medicine: journal
of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 71\+].!Tb,YTb[>!!
R266'/.!I>.!^!MA'.!I>!R>!\+,Ta]>!Q#&@$A2:/Y726/8!266/663/0*V!2!&/='/;!#B!56/&!$/&:/$*'#06!208!
6*&2*/('/6!*#!288&/66!*)/!'8/0*'B'/8!6)#&*:#3'0(6>!Advances in Health Sciences
Education. 21.!-[[Y-bZ>!!
R:"A'0*#:@.!M>!1>.!K2'06*28.!4>.!I25&/(5'.!I>.!^!?2&&'6.!E>!R>!\+,+T]>!"#50*/&'0(!9'26!'0!
M66/663/0*>!Journal of graduate medical education. 13\[].!b+[Yb+a>!!
R:E25()A'0.!H>.!M'06A'/.!R>.!"#8/&&/.!P>.!Q&'()*.!9>.!^!X'#A2*#.!">!\+,,e]>!4)/!/BB/:*!#B!8'BB/&/0*'2A!
&2*/&!B50:*'#0!#=/&!*'3/!\DSCK4]!#0!#7G/:*'=/!6*&5:*5&/8!:A'0':2A!/F23'02*'#0!&2*'0(6>!
Med Educ. 43\T,].!egeYee+>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTTTfG>TZa[Y+e+Z>+,,e>,Z-Zg>F!!
R:U)//.!P>.!U)'AA'$6.!O>!R>.!N:@/&7%.!">.!^!15*:)'06#0.!M>!R>!\+,Tb]>!R5A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!*#!
(&2852*/!05&6/6V!2!35A*'3/*)#8!6*58%>!J Clin Nurs. 26\+TY++].!Z--+YZ-[a>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTTTfG#:0>TZbT,!!
R:U)//.!P>.!U)'AA'$6.!O>!R>.!N:@/&7%.!">.!^!15*:)'06#0.!M>!R>!\+,Tb]>!R5A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@!*#!
(&2852*/!05&6/6V!2!35A*'3/*)#8!6*58%>!Journal of Clinical Nursing. 26\+TY++].!Z--+Y
Z-[a>!!
R#)&.!M>!L>.!12*/3.!">.!P'@208.!<>.!S#J(2.!R>.!R#A#0/%.!E>.!P5AA'=20.!I>.!D/!Q22A.!D>.!^!12085.!D>!
\+,++]>!LBB/:*'=/0/66!#B!3/8':2A!05*&'*'#0!*)/&2$%!'0!*)/!3202(/3/0*!#B!285A*!
8%6A'$'8/3'2V!M!6%6*/32*':!&/='/;!208!3/*2Y202A%6'6>!Journal of Clinical Lipidology.
16\[].![-bY[aT>!!
O2*'#02A!M66#:'2*'#0!#B!"#AA/(/6!208!L3$A#%/&6>!\+,+T]>!Competencies for a career-ready
workforce>!)**$6Vff;;;>02:/;/7>#&(f5$A#28/8B'A/6fB'A/6f+,+Tf&/6#5&:/6f02:/Y:2&//&Y
&/28'0/66Y:#3$/*/0:'/6Y&/='6/8Y2$&Y+,+T>$8B!
O#/A.!<>!E>.!1/&7/&6.!I>!L>.!I&>.!"2$A#;.!R>!U>.!"##$/&.!<>!P>.!U20(2&#.!E>!O>.!^!12&=/%.!I>!\Tee+]>!
1#;!;/AA!8#!'0*/&02A!3/8':'0/!B2:5A*%!3/37/&6!/=2A52*/!*)/!:A'0':2A!6@'AA6!#B!&/6'8/0*6j!
Ann Intern Med. 117\e].!b[bYba[>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>bZ+af,,,ZY-gTeYTTbYeYb[b!!
O#&:'0'.!I>.!M08/&6#0.!9>.!9#AA/A2.!X>.!95&:).!X>.!"#6*2.!R>!I>.!D5='='/&.!S>.!<2A7&2'*).!S>.!12%6.!S>.!
H/0*.!M>.!U/&&#**.!X>.!^!S#7/&*6.!4>!\+,TT]>!"&'*/&'2!B#&!(##8!266/663/0*V!:#06/0656!
6*2*/3/0*!208!&/:#33/082*'#06!B&#3!*)/!N**2;2!+,T,!"#0B/&/0:/>!Med Teach. 33\Z].!
+,aY+T->!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>ZT,ef,T-+T[eF>+,TT>[[T[[e!!
U2A/&3#.!">.!<'76#0.!P>!I>.!D2&*.!I>.!Q)/A20.!H>.!^!12%.!R>!\+,Tb]>!U&#(&2332*':!M66/663/0*!#B!
"#3$/*/0:/!'0!D'/*/*':6V!M!O/;!K&#0*'/&>!J Acad Nutr Diet. 117\+].!Tb[YTbe>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,Ta>,Z>,++!!
U20/A.!C>!L>!">!L>!\+,TT]>!Core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice: Report of
an expert panel>!C0*/&$&#B/66'#02A!L85:2*'#0!"#AA27#&2*'=/!LF$/&*!U20/A>!!
U2**0'.!O>.!M&J#A2.!">.!R2A2=28/.!M>.!X2&320'.!P>.!H&'356.!E>.!^!K&'/8320.!n>!\+,Te]>!")2AA/0('0(!
25*)#&'*%!208!6$/2@'0(!5$!'0!*)/!#$/&2*'0(!&##3!/0='&#03/0*V!2!02&&2*'=/!6%0*)/6'6>!
British journal of anaesthesia. 122\+].!+ZZY+-->!!
U/*/&6#0.!P>.!D#72@.!P>.!U)'AA'$6.!Q>.!R2A#0/.!M>.!C&/*#0YI#0/6.!">.!120/%.!M>.!S%7':@'.!R>.!^!
<5/0*/&.!U>!\+,+,]>!L0*/&2A!208!U2&/0*/&2A!N&8/&!Q&'*'0(!P5&=/%YM!"#AA27#&2*'=/!
L=2A52*'#0!9/*;//0!*)/!M:28/3%!#B!O5*&'*'#0!208!D'/*/*':6m!D'/*'*'206!'0!O5*&'*'#0!
P5$$#&*!D'/*/*':6!U&2:*':/!<&#5$!208!*)/!M3/&':20!P#:'/*%!B#&!U2&/0*/&2A!208!L0*/&2A!
O5*&'*'#0!\MPULO]!D'/*/*':6!U&2:*':/!P/:*'#0>!J Acad Nutr Diet. 120\T,].!Tb-[YTb[Z>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,TafG>G208>+,+,>,T>,T[!!
U/*&#6@%.!P>!O>!\+,++]>!Interprofessional education activities and new practitioner competence:
Implications for practice in nutrition and dietetics education>!W0'=/&6'*%!#B!O#&*)!KA#&'82>!!
U#G/80':.!S>.!U)'AA'$6.!L>.!P)/)28/).!M>.!R5AA/&.!M>.!^!R/*2AA'0#6YH2*62&26.!L>!\+,+Z]>!U)%6':'20!
O5*&'*'#0!M8=':/!208!S/B/&&2A6!*#!S/('6*/&/8!D'/*'*'206>!Am J Lifestyle Med. 17\a].!g-bY
g[->!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTbbfT[[eg+ba++T,e+Z,-!!
U&/6*#0.!S>.!<&2*20'.!R>.!N;/06.!H>.!S#:)/.!U>.!n'320%'.!R>.!^!R2A25YM85A'.!9>!\+,+,]>!LF$A#&'0(!
*)/!'3$2:*!#B!266/663/0*!#0!3/8':2A!6*58/0*6_!A/2&0'0(>!Assessment & Evaluation in
Higher Education. 45\T].!T,eYT+->!!
P2)2.!P>.!H#32&#3%.!R>.!H#/$6/AA.!4>!D>.!^!9'08320.!M>!9>!\Teee]>!U2*'/0*Y$)%6':'20!&2:'2A!
:#0:#&820:/!208!*)/!$/&:/'=/8!`52A'*%!208!56/!#B!)/2A*)!:2&/>!Arch Intern Med. 159\e].!
eebYT,,->!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,Tf2&:)'0*/>T[e>e>eeb!!
P:)#/0*)2A/&.!M>.!R#0*2(5/.!L>.!92'/&!R20;/AA.!E>.!9&#;0.!S>.!P:);2&*J.!R>!D>.!^!E'0J/&.!R>!
\+,T-]>!U2*'/0*Y$)%6':'20!&2:'2Af/*)0':!:#0:#&820:/!208!7A##8!$&/665&/!:#0*&#AV!*)/!&#A/!
#B!*&56*!208!3/8':2*'#0!28)/&/0:/>!Ethn Health. 19\[].![a[Y[bg>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,g,fTZ[[bg[g>+,TZ>g[bba-!!
P:)5;'&*).!E>!Q>.!^!X20!8/&!XA/5*/0.!">!U>!\+,TT]>!U&#(&2332*':!266/663/0*V!K&#3!266/663/0*!
#B!A/2&0'0(!*#!266/663/0*!B#&!A/2&0'0(>!Med Teach. 33\a].!-bgY-g[>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>ZT,ef,T-+T[eF>+,TT>[a[g+g!!
P*/=/06.!P>.!S/28.!I>.!92'0/6.!S>.!")2**/&G//.!M>.!^!M&:)/&.!I>!\+,Tg]>!X2A'82*'#0!#B!R5A*'6#5&:/!
K//872:@!'0!M66/66'0(!R/8':2A!U/&B#&320:/V!M!P%6*/32*':!S/='/;>!J Contin Educ Health
Prof. 38\-].!+a+Y+ag>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,ebf:/)>,,,,,,,,,,,,,+Te!!
P5&.!R>!D>.!P:)'08A/&.!O>.!P'0().!U>.!M0(/A#6.!U>.!^!E20(/&320.!M>!\+,Ta]>!?#50(!65&(/#06!#0!
6$/2@'0(!5$V!;)/0!208!)#;!65&(':2A!*&2'0//6!=#':/!:#0:/&06!27#5*!65$/&='6#&6m!:A'0':2A!
8/:'6'#06>!The American Journal of Surgery. 211\+].!-ZbY--->!!
P%8#&.!D>!4>.!O2'@.!X>.!^!K&'/8320.!n>!\+,T[]>!S/6'8/0*6m!&/A5:*20:/!*#!:)2AA/0(/!0/(2*'=/!
)'/&2&:)%!'0!*)/!#$/&2*'0(!&##3V!2!`52A'*2*'=/!6*58%>!Canadian Journal of Anesthesia.
62\a].![ba>!!
4/0!"2*/.!N>!\+,Tb]>!"#3$/*/0:%Y926/8!U#6*(&2852*/!R/8':2A!L85:2*'#0V!U26*.!U&/6/0*!208!
K5*5&/>!GMS J Med Educ. 34\[].!D#:ae>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>Z+,[fJ32,,TT-a!!
W&7'02.!I>.!^!R#0@6.!P>!R>!\+,+,]>!X2A'82*'0(!266/663/0*!*##A6!'0!6'35A2*'#0>!!
X2A/&'#.!R>!M>.!S#8&'(5/J.!O>.!Q'0@A/&.!U>.!E#$/J.!I>.!D/00'6#0.!R>.!E'20(.!?>.!^!45&0/&.!9>!I>!
\+,Ta]>!"#3$2&'0(!*;#!623$A'0(!3/*)#86!*#!/0(2(/!)2&8Y*#Y&/2:)!:#3350'*'/6!'0!
&/6/2&:)!$&'#&'*%!6/**'0(>!BMC Med Res Methodol. 16\T].!T-a>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTgaf6T+gb-Y,TaY,+-+YJ!!
X20!8/&!XA/5*/0.!">.!P:)5;'&*).!E>.!P:)//A/.!K>.!D&'/66/0.!L>.!^!1#8(/6.!9>!\+,T,]>!4)/!266/663/0*!
#B!$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/V!75'A8'0(!7A#:@6!B#&!*)/#&%!8/=/A#$3/0*>!Best practice &
research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 24\a].!b,ZYbTe>!!
X20!D/&!XA/5*/0.!">!U>!\Teea]>!4)/!266/663/0*!#B!$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/V!8/=/A#$3/0*6.!
&/6/2&:)!208!$&2:*':2A!'3$A':2*'#06>!Advances in Health Sciences Education. 1\T].!-TYab>!!
=20!8/&!XA/5*/0.!">!U>.!^!P:)5;'&*).!E>!Q>!\+,,[]>!M66/66'0(!$&#B/66'#02A!:#3$/*/0:/V!B&#3!
3/*)#86!*#!$&#(&233/6>!Med Educ. 39\Z].!Z,eYZTb>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTTTfG>TZa[Y
+e+e>+,,[>,+,e->F!!
X'#A2*#.!">.!E#:@%/&.!I>.!^!K'8A/&.!1>!\+,,Z]>!R5A*'6#5&:/!B//872:@V!2!3/*)#8!#B!266/66'0(!65&(':2A!
$&2:*':/>!Bmj. 326\bZgg].![-aY[-g>!!
X5.!O>.!R2&:%.!R>.!"#AA'=/&.!I>.!X/&)5A6*.!P>.!4&2='6.!4>.!^!92&&#;6.!1>!\Tee+]>!P*2082&8'J/8!
\6'35A2*/8]!$2*'/0*6m!2::5&2:%!'0!&/:#&8'0(!:A'0':2A!$/&B#&320:/!:)/:@YA'6*!'*/36>!Medical
Education. 26\+].!eeYT,->!!
Q2*A'0(.!">!I>.!^!<'0675&(.!P>!\+,Te]>!M66/663/0*.!B//872:@!208!*)/!2A:)/3%!#B!A/2&0'0(>!Med
Educ. 53\T].!baYg[>!)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>TTTTf3/85>TZa-[!!
Q//@A/%.!I>!M>.!^!<'/&.!I>!M>!\Tege]>!"/'A'0(6!'0!*)/!&/A'27'A'*%!208!=2A'8'*%!#B!$/&B#&320:/!&2*'0(6V!
4)/!:26/!#B!/F$/&*!&2*/&6>!Academy of Management Journal. 32\T].!+TZY+++>!!
Q'AA'236.!S>!<>.!HA23/0.!D>!M>.!^!R:<2()'/.!Q>!">!\+,,Z]>!"#(0'*'=/.!6#:'2A!208!/0='&#03/0*2A!
6#5&:/6!#B!7'26!'0!:A'0':2A!$/&B#&320:/!&2*'0(6>!Teach Learn Med. 15\-].!+b,Y+e+>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T+,bf6T[Z+g,T[*A3T[,-xTT!!
Q##8.!E>.!1266/AA.!M>.!Q)'*/)#56/.!M>.!95AA#:@.!M>.!^!Q2AA.!D>!\+,,a]>!M!A'*/&2*5&/!&/='/;!#B!35A*'Y
6#5&:/!B//872:@!6%6*/36!;'*)'0!208!;'*)#5*!)/2A*)!6/&=':/6.!A/28'0(!*#!T,!*'$6!B#&!*)/'&!
65::/66B5A!8/6'(0>!Med Teach. 28\b].!/Tg[YTeT>!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,g,f,T-+T[e,a,,gZ-+ga!!
Q#&32A8.!9>!Q>.!P:)#/320.!P>.!P#326508/&23.!M>.!^!U/00.!R>!\+,,e]>!M66/663/0*!8&'=/6!
A/2&0'0(V!20!502=#'827A/!*&5*)j!Anat Sci Educ. 2\[].!TeeY+,->!
)**$6Vff8#'>#&(fT,>T,,+f26/>T,+!!
!